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BIOLOGY – Assignment
Chapter : Cell : The Unit of Life and Cell Cycle and Cell Division
1. Endoplasmic reticulum is in continuation with 7. Spindle fibre is made up of
1) Golgi body 1) Tubulin
2) Nuclear wall 2) Humulin
3) Mitochondria 3) Intermediate filament
4) Cell wall 4) Flagellin
2. The vacuole is lined by a membrane called 8. Spindle fibres attach to kinetochores of
1) Tonoplast 2) Jacket chromosomes during
3) Cell membrane 4) Tonoplasm 1) Prophase 2) Anaphase
3. Identify the components labelled A, B, C and D in 3) Interphase 4) Metaphase
the given section of cilia/flagella showing different 9. Cell organelles having hydrolases/digestive
parts. Choose the option which shows the correct enzymes are
labelling of parts. 1) Peroxisome 2) Lysosomes
3) Ribosomes 4) Mesosomes
10. Plasmid is
1) Small extra chromosomal circular self replicating
DNA that carry genes into host organism
2) Bacteriophage.
3) DNA found in mitochondria.
4) DNA incorporated in bacterial chromosome
11. The secretory function of cell is mainly performed by
1) Lysosomes
2) Spherosomes
1) A – Plasma membrane, B – Interdoublet
bridge, C – Central microtubule, D – Radial 3) Peroxisomes
spoke 4) Golgi complex
2) A – Plasma membrane, B – Arm, C – Central 12. Liquid food drinking is
microtubule, D – Radial spoke
1) Imbibition 2) Pinocytosis
3) A – Plasma membrane, B – Interdoublet
3) Phagocytosis 4) None of these
bridge, C – Hub, D – Radial spoke
4) A – Plasma membrane, B – Interdoublet 13. Select the correct statement
bridge, C– Hub, D – Arm
1) In animals, mitotic cell division is only seen in
4. A cell organelle with folded inner membrane is diploid somatic cells
disrupted with ultrasonic breaker. Its fragment can
2) Cells are metabolically inactive during the G0 stage
synthesise ATP. The organelle is
1) Ribosome 2) Centrosome 3) Cell growth stops during G2 phase
3) Chloroplast 4) Mitochondria 4) DNA replication is completed in G1 phase
14. Cell membrane is made up of
5. How many mitotic generations are required to
produce 256 cells? 1) Protein
2) Cellulose 3) Lipids
1) 8 2) 16
3) 128 4) 255 4) Lipids, carbohydrates & proteins

6. Chromosomes can be first seen to be composed of 15. Three morphological forms of golgi complex are
two chromatids attached together at the 1) Lamellae, tubules and vesicles
centromere in 2) Cisternae, tubules and vesicles
1) Early prophase 2) Late prophase 3) Cisternae, tubules and lamellae
3) Metaphase 4) Telophase 4) Granum, thalykoids and vesicles

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 2 Biology Assignment

16. Choose the incorrect match 3) (B) and (D) only are correct
4) (A) and (D) only are correct
1) Nucleus — RNA
2) Lysosome — Protein synthesis 26. The infoldings in mitochondria are known as
3) Mitochondria — Respiration 1) Cristae 2) Matrix
4) Cytoskeleton — Microtubules 3) Cisternae 4) Thylakoids
17. The membrane which allows passage of certain 27. Consider the following statements and select the
substances more readily than others is termed as correct option.
1) Permeable 2) Selectively permeable (A) The endomembrane system includes plasma
3) Semipermeable 4) Impermeable membrane, ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes and
vacuoles.
18. Desmosomes are
(B) ER helps in the transport of substances
1) Connecting bodies between cells synthesis of proteins, lipoproteins and
2) Fat storage cells glycogen.
3) Pigment bodies 4) None of these (C) Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.
19. Cell theory was proposed by (D) Mitochondria help in oxidative phosphorylation
and generation of ATP.
1) Virchow 2) Schleiden & Schwann
1) B, C & D are correct 2) A - alone is correct
3) Robert Hooke 4) B. McClintock
3) B - alone is correct 4) C - alone is correct
20. ________ is the important site of formation of
glycoproteins and glycolipids. 28. Identify A, B and C in the figure showing sectional
view of chloroplast
1) SER 2) Lysosome
3) Golgi apparatus 4) Mitochondria
21. The mineral present in cell wall is A
1) Na 2) Ca 3) K 4) Mg B
22. Which organelle is present in higher number in C
secretory cells?
1) A – Thylakoid, B – Granum
1) Dictyosome 2) ER
C – Inner membrane
3) Lysosome 4) Vacuole
2) A – Thylakoid, B – Granum
23. The cell organelle associated with intercellular C – Stroma lamellae
digestion of macromolecules is 3) A – Granum, B – Thylakoid
1) Lysosome 2) Peroxisome C – Outer membrane
3) Polysome 4) Dictyosome 4) A – Thylakoid, B – Stroma lamella
24. Analyse the following pairs and identify the correct C – Stroma
options given
29. Choose the wrong statements regarding bacterial cell
A. Chromoplasts - Contains pigments other
than chlorophyll A. Glycocalyx is the outermost envelope in
bacteria.
B. Leucoplasts - Devoid of any pigments
B. The glycocalyx could be a loose sheath called
C. Amyloplasts - Store proteins
capsule.
D. Aleuroplasts - Store oils and fats
C. The glycocalyx may be thick and tough called
E. Elaioplasts - Store carbohydrates slime layer
1) B and C are correct D. A special structure formed by the plasma
2) C and D are correct membrane is called mesosome.
3) D and E are correct E. Small bristle like fibres sprouting out of the cell
4) A and B are correct are called fimbriae.
1) A and C are wrong
25. Consider the following statements
2) A and B are wrong
(A) Plant cells have centrioles which are absent in
3) B and C are wrong 4) A and D are wrong
almost all animal cells
(B) Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis 30. Select the wrong statement of a bacterial cell
(C) The middle lamella is a layer mainly of calcium 1) Mesosome is formed by the extensions of
carbonate which holds the different plasma membrane into the cell.
neighbouring cells together 2) The pili are elongated tubular structures made
(D) In animal cell steroidal hormones are up of a protein.
synthesized by smooth endoplasmic reticulum 3) Flagellum is composed of filament, hook and
Of the above statements basal body.
1) (A) and (B) only are correct 4) Ribosomes are about 30 nm by 50 nm in size.
2) (C) and (D) only are correct
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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 3 Biology Assignment
31. Select correct with respect to chloroplast 39. It is better to study the shape of chromosomes in
1) DNA, Ribosome, Quantasome, Oxysome 1) Anaphase stage
2) DNA, Ribosome, Oxysome 2) Prophase stage
3) DNA, Ribosome, Elementary body 3) Telophase stage
4) DNA, Ribosome, Quantasome 4) Metaphase stage
32. Secretory vesicles of golgi complex are released 40. Select the pair of structures which are common in
from ________ to help the transport and secretion both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
of modiffied proteins 1) Cell membrane and chondriosome
1) Cis face 2) Ribosomes and lysosomes
2) Maturing face 3) Microbodies and sap vacuoles
3) Forming face 4) Cell membrane and ribosomes
4) Convex face
41. Polarity in structure and packaging of material are
33. Select odd with respect to lysosome concerned with
1) Smallest membrane bound cell organelles 1) Lysosomes
2) Digestive enzymes containing bodies 2) ER
3) Heterolysosomes are primary lysosomes 3) Glyoxysomes
4) de Duve discovered lysosome 4) Golgi bodies
34. Which of the following enzymes are not associated 42. Consider
with lysosome? (a) Nucleolus is involve in rRNA synthesis
1) Nucleases (b) Chromatin composed of DNA and acidic
2) Carbohydrases proteins only
3) Proteases 4) Peroxidases (c) Ends of chromosome are called telomeres.
35. Conversion of lipids into carbohydrates at the time (d) On the basis of position of centromere, all four
of germination of seed is done by types of chromosomes are found in human
karyotype
1) Sphaerosome 2) Glyoxysome
Select incorrect statements from above
3) Peroxisome 4) Lomasome
1) (a) & (b) 2) (a) & (c)
36. Select odd/incorrect pair 3) (b) & (d) 4) (c) & (d)
1) Metacentric Median centromere and V 43. Mitochondria and chloroplast divides by
chromosome shaped
1) Fission 2) Budding
2) Submetacentric Submedian centromere 3) Both 1 & 2 4) Fragmentation
chromosome and I shaped 44. Cytoskeleton includes all except
3) Acrocentric Subterminal centromere 1) Microfibrils 2) Microtubules
chromosome and J shaped 3) Microfilaments 4) Intermediate filaments
4) Telocentric Terminal centromere and 45. Cell plate formed during cytokinesis in plant cells represents
chromosome rod shaped 1) Cell wall of the both daughter cells
2) Cell wall of one daughter cell only
37. Select the matched ones
3) Middle lamella between the walls of two
(i) Amyloplasts – store proteins adjacent cells
(ii) Mitochondrion – ‘Power house’ of the cell 4) Secondary cell wall of the daughter cells
(iii) Stroma – Chlorophyll pigment
46. Match the Column I with Column II
(iv) Axoneme – 9 + 2
1) (i) and (iii) only Column I Column II
2) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only A Cristae (i) Covering of vacuole
3) (iii) and (iv) only B Cisternae (ii) Infolding of mitochondrial
4) (ii) and (iv) only membrane
38. Vacuole of plant cell is C Thylakoid (iii) Disc shaped sacs in
1) Double membranous structure occupy about Golgi apparatus
90% area of cell
D Tonoplast (iv) Flattened membranous
2) Single membranous structure, contains water sacs in chloroplast
only
3) Single membranous structure contains water, 1) A – (i), B – (ii), C – (iii), D – (iv)
sap and excretory substances 2) A – (ii), B – (iii), C – (iv), D – (i)
4) Non-membranous structure contains organic 3) A – (iv), B – (iii), C – (ii), D – (i)
as well as inorganic material 4) A – (iii), B – (ii), C – (i), D – (iv)

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 4 Biology Assignment
47. Ribosomes are the granular structures composed of b. Secondary constrictions are located at constant
1) RNA and proteins 2) RNA and DNA locations on some chromosomes.
3) Proteins only 4) rRNA only c. Kinetochores are present on the sides of
centromere.
48. Which of the following are non-membrane bound d. Interphase nucleus has highly extended and
cell organelles? elaborate nucleoprotein fibres called chromatin.
1) Centriole and microbodies The correct statements are
2) Ribosome and contractile vacuole 1) a & b 2) b, c & d
3) Nucleolus and centriole 3) a & d 4) a, c & d
4) Ribosome and plastids
57. Which of the following is site of active ribosomal
49. In animal cells lipid like steroidal hormones are RNA synthesis?
synthesised in 1) Centrosome 2) Nucleolus
1) Endoplasmic reticulum 3) Glyoxysome 4) Lysosome
2) Glyoxysome
3) Sphaerosome 4) Lysosome 58. Identify the type of chromosomes w.r.t. centromere
position in given diagram
50. Which one of the following is not a common feature
of chloroplast and mitochondria?
1) Presence of porins in outer membrane
2) Double membrane bound organelles
3) Presence of 80 S type ribosomes
4) Presence of bacteria like DNA
51. If the centromere is situated close to its end
forming one extremely short and one very long
arm, the chromosome is
1) Telocentric A
B C
2) Acrocentric
3) Metacentric 4) Submetacentric 1) A – Telocentric, B – Acrocentric,
C – Sub-metacentric
52. Select the odd one out w.r.t. mitosis 2) A – Acrocentric, B – Sub-metacentric
1) It helps the organisms in both sexual and C – Metacentric
asexual reproduction
3) A – Sub-metacentric, B – Telocentric,
2) It is called equational division C – Acrocentric
3) It takes place only in diploid cells of plants 4) A – Telocentric, B – Acrocentric,
4) It helps in cell repair C – Metacentric
53. Select odd one w.r.t. the function of SER 59. In fluid mosaic model of cell membrane
1) Spectrin is intrinsic protein
1) Lysosomal enzymes synthesis
2) Protein forms continuous layer
2) Steroidal hormone synthesis
3) Bilayer phospholipids constitute highly viscous
3) Glycogen metabolism fluid matrix
4) Detoxification of drugs 4) Fluidity of membrane depends upon protein
54. Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins and proteins are 60. Semiautonomous organelles are
possible in the cell wall of
1) Chloroplast 2) Mitochondria
1) Bacteria 2) Green algae
3) Both 1 & 2 4) None of these
3) Angiosperms 4) Brown algae
61. The diagram given below represent a filuid mosaic
55. Main characteristic feature of animal cell is model of plasma membrance. Match the
1) Presence of mitochondria and lysosome components marked as A, B, C, D and E in the
2) Presence of sap vacuole, centrosome and diagram below from the list (i) to (vii).
peroxisome
3) Absence of cell wall, contractile vacuole and
peroxisome
4) Absence of cell wall, chloroplast and
glyoxysome
56. Consider the following statements
a. Microbodies are non-membrane bound minute
vesicles.

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 5 Biology Assignment
(i) Sugar (ii) Protein 71. During cell division which cytoplasmic structure
(iii) Lipid bilayer (iv) Integral protein plays an important role?
(v) Cytoplasm (vi) Cell wall 1) Mitochondrion 2) Golgi complex
(vii) External protein 3) Nuclear membrane 4) Centriole
1) A - (i), B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (iv), E - (v) 72. The four cells derived from meiosis in a normal
2) A - (ii), B - (i), C - (iii), D - (iv), E - (v) diploid organism differ among themselves only in
3) A - (i), B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (iv), E - (vi) the following respect
4) A - (i), B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (vii), E - (v) 1) Number of chromosomes
2) Size of chromosomes
62. In mitosis, duplication of chromosomes occurs during
3) Genes carried on different chromosomes
1) Interphase
4) Number and size of chromosomes
2) Prophase
3) Metaphase 73. The stage of meiosis where centromere separate
4) Telophase 1) Metaphase I 2) Metaphase II
3) Anaphase I 4) Anaphase II
63. In meiosis division is:
1) I reductional and II equational 74. Statement 1: Diplotene is characterized by the
presence of chiasmata.
2) I equational and II reductional
Statement 2: Diplotene can last for months and
3) Both reductional
years in oocytes of some vertebrates.
4) Both equational
1) Both statements -1 and statement - 2 are true
64. Pairing of homologous chromosome occurs at and statement - 2 is the correct explanation of
which stage? statement - 1.
1) Zygotene 2) Leptotene 2) Both statements -1 and statement - 2 are true
3) Metaphase 4) Pachytene but statement - 2 is not the correct explanation
of statement - 1.
65. Terminalization is end of chiasmata it occurs at
3) Statement -1 is true and statement - 2 is false.
1) Zygotene 2) Pachytene
4) Statement -1 is false and statement - 2 is true.
3) Diplotene 4) Diakinesis
75. Crossing over occurs in
66. Phragmoplast is precursor of
1) Zygotene 2) Leptotene
1) Leucoplast
3) Pachytene 4) Diplotene
2) Chloroplast
3) Spindle apparatus 76. Which of the following events takes place during
4) Cell plate anaphase stage of mitosis?
I. Spindle fibres attach to kinetochores of chromosomes.
67. Nuclear envelope disappears at
II. Centromeres split and chromatids separate.
1) Metaphase 2) Anaphase
III. Chromatids move to opposite poles.
3) Early prophase 4) Late prophase
IV. Nucleolus, Golgi complex and ER reform.
68. In a cell cycle, G1 phase is followed by 1) I and II only 2) II and III only
1) G2 2) S 3) M 4) G0 3) III and IV 4) I and IV only
69. In a seed plant reduction division occurs in the 77. Find the correctly matched pairs and choose the
correct option.
1) Roots
2) Leaves A. Leptotene – The chromosomes
become invisible
3) Anthers and ovules
4) Stems B. Zygotene – Pairing of homologous
chromosomes
70. Identify the given figures (A, B & C) showing
C. Pachytene – Dissolution of the
meiotic phases and select the correct option. synaptonemal complex
takes place
D. Diplotene – Bivalent chromosomes

E. Diakinesis – Terminalization of
chiasmata
A B C
1) A and B are correct
1) A-Metaphase, B-Anaphase, C-Telophase 2) B and D are correct
2) A-Metaphase-I, B-Anaphase-I, C-Telophase-I 3) B and E are correct
3) A-Metaphase-II, B-Anaphase-II, C-Telophase-II 4) B and C are correct
4) A-Anaphase-I, B-Metaphase-I, C-Telophase-I

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 6 Biology Assignment
78. Identify the diagram and give correct label for 4) If both Assertion and Reason are false
marked structures statements
84. In the life of an organism, mitotic division
a. Results in production of daughter cells with
unequal genetic complement usually
b. Restores the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio
c. Repairs the cell
1) a & b are correct
2) a & c are correct
3) Only b is correct
4) b & c are correct
85. The suitable stage for karyotype and shape of
chromosome study is
1) Plant cell ; A – Golgibodies, B – Mitochondria,
C – Vacuole, D – RER 1) Metaphase
2) Plant cell ; A – ER, B – Plastid, C – Vacuole, 2) Anaphase
D – Golgibodies 3) Metaphase and anaphase respectively
3) Animal cell ; A – Mitochondria, B – 4) Anaphase and metaphase respectively
Golgibodies, C – Nucleus, D – RER
4) Animal cell ; A – Golgibodies, B – 86. Cell is prepared for division by undergoing both cell
Mitochondria, C – Nucleus, D – RER growth and DNA replication in an orderly manner
during the
79. Amitosis is 1) Prophase
1) Division involving spindle formation 2) Interphase
2) Division involving formation of chromosome 3) Metaphase
bridges 4) Telophase
3) Division in which chromosomes are unequally
distributed 87. Omnis cellula-e cellula i.e., new cells arise from
pre-existing cells; this statement was given by
4) Cleavage of nucleus without recognisable
chromosome distribution 1) Schleiden and Schwann
80. During mitosis no. of chromosomes gets 2) Rudolf Virchow
1) Change 3) Robert Brown
2) No change 4) Robert Hooke
3) May be changed if cell is mature
88. If the cell of root in wheat plant has 42
4) May be changed if cell is immature chromosomes then the number of chromosomes in
81. Reformation of nucleolus, golgi complex and ER the cell of pollen grain is
occurs in 1) 14
1) Prophase 2) 21
2) Metaphase 3) 28
3) Anaphase 4) Telophase 4) 42
82. The bivalent chromosomes align on the equatorial
89. Which of the following is seen only in prokaryotic
plate in
cells?
1) Anaphase – I
1) Dictyosome
2) Metaphase – II
2) Ribosome
3) Metaphase – I
4) Telophase – II 3) Mesosome
4) Endoplasmic reticulum
83. A: Plant mitosis is anastral mitosis.
R: Tubulin proteins are not found in plant cells. 90. The cytoplasm of neighbouring cells is connected
1) If both Assertion & Reason are true and the with the help of
reason is the correct explanation of the 1) Middle lamella
assertion 2) Primary wall
2) If both Assertion & Reason are true but the 3) Mitochondria
reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion 4) Plasmodesmata
3) If Assertion is true statement but Reason is
false

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 ANSWER KEY
1. (2) 11. (4) 21. (2) 31. (4) 41. (4) 51. (2) 61. (1) 71. (4) 81. (4)

2. (1) 12. (2) 22. (1) 32. (2) 42. (3) 52. (3) 62. (1) 72. (3) 82. (3)
3. (1) 13. (1) 23. (1) 33. (3) 43. (1) 53. (1) 63. (1) 73. (4) 83. (3)

4. (4) 14. (4) 24. (4) 34. (4) 44. (1) 54. (3) 64. (1) 74. (2) 84. (4)

5. (1) 15. (2) 25. (3) 35. (2) 45. (3) 55. (4) 65. (4) 75. (3) 85. (3)

6. (2) 16. (2) 26. (1) 36. (2) 46. (2) 56. (2) 66. (4) 76. (2) 86. (2)

7. (1) 17. (2) 27. (1) 37. (4) 47. (1) 57. (2) 67. (4) 77. (3) 87. (2)
8. (4) 18. (1) 28. (4) 38. (3) 48. (3) 58. (2) 68. (2) 78. (1) 88. (2)

9. (2) 19. (2) 29. (3) 39. (1) 49. (1) 59. (3) 69. (3) 79. (4) 89. (3)
10. (1) 20. (3) 30. (4) 40. (4) 50. (3) 60. (3) 70. (2) 80. (2) 90. (4)

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1. Answer: (2) 9. Answer: (2)
Sol. Endoplasmic reticulum is connected to nuclear Sol. Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive
membrane and plasma membrane. It acts as cell’s enzymes (acid hydrolases). They digest excess or
transport system. worn–out organelles, food particles, and engulfed
2. Answer: (1) viruses or bacteria. The membrane surrounding a
Sol. The vacuole is lined by a semipermeable membrane lysosomes allows the digestive enzymes to work at
called tonoplast. the 4.5 pH they require. Lysosomes fuse with
3. Answer: (1) vacuoles and dispense their contents. They are
Sol. In the given figure of cilia/flagella, the marked part as created by the addition of hydrolytic enzymes to
A, B,C and D are respectively plasma membrane, early endosomes from the Golgi apparatus. The
interdoublet bridge, central microtubule, and radial name lysosomes derives from the greek word lysis,
spoke. which means dissolution or destruction, and soma,
which means body. They are frequently nicknamed
4. Answer: (4)
“suicide–bags” or “suicide –sacs” by cell biologists
Sol. A cell organelle with folded inner membrane is the
due to their role in autolysis. Lysosomes were
mitochondria. These folded structure are Cristae. discovered by the Belgain cytologist Christian de
5. Answer: (1) Duve in 1949.
Sol. 2n = 256 : 2n = 28 : n = 8. 10. Answer: (1)
‘n’ Indicates No. of generations Sol. Plasmid is the small extra chromosomal circular self
6. Answer: (2) replicating DNA that carries genes into host
Sol. Early prophase is marked by the intiation of organism.
condensation of chromosomal material. The 11. Answer: (4)
chromosomal material becomes untangled during Sol. The Golgi apparatus (also called the golgi body,
the process of chromation condensation. Duplicated Golgi complex, or dictyosome) is an organelle found
centriole move the opposite poles and forms asters in most eukaryotic cells. It was identified in 1898 by
in animal cells and spindle fibers begin. the Italian physician Camillo Golgi and was named
In metaphase spindle fibers attach the kinetochores after him. The primary function of the Golgi
of chromosomes and are aligned at equatorial plane apparatus is to process and package the
to form metaphase plate. In beginning of telophase macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are
chromosomes reached to the poles start synthesized by the cell. It is particularly important in
decondensing looses their individuality. In late flage the processing of protein for secretion. The Golgi
chromatin is enveloped by nuclear apparatus forms a part of the endomembrane
memberane,cytokinesis. Occurs in nucleolus, golgi system of eukaryotic cells.
complex and ER reforms. 12. Answer: (2)
7. Answer: (1) Sol. The liquid form food drinked by lysosomes or
Sol. Spindle fibers are formed during the process of cell plasma membrane of cell, is know as pinocytosis.
division (mitosis and meiosis). Tubulin is the protein 13. Answer: (1)
that is present in the spindle fibers. These are
Sol. In diploid germ cells of animals meiosis occur the
achromatic fibers and its origin is from the
produce haploid gametes.
cytoplasm. The fibers consists of 90% of this protein.
Go stage is called Quiescent stage cells in this stage
The tubulin protein is responsible for the elastic
remain metabolically active but no longer proliferate
nature of the spindle fibers.
unless called on to do so.
8. Answer: (4)
Sol. refer no:96

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 8 Biology Assignment
During the G2 phase .Proteinsare synthesised in Sol. In some plants, mineral substance are also present
preparation for nitosis. While cell growth continues. in cell wall which is made up of crystals of calcium
During G1 phase the cell growth metabolically active oxalate and calcium bicarbonate.
and continuously growes but does not replicate its 22. Answer: (1)
DNA. Sol. Dictyosomes are organelles found in plant cells and
DNA replication occurs in S phase. functionally equivalent to the golgi apparatus of
14. Answer: (4) animal cells
Sol. Cell membrane is made up of PLLP; P – protein; L – 23. Answer: (1)
Lipid, carbohydrate Sol. Lysosomes are small vesicles bounded by a single
15. Answer: (2) membrane and contain hydrolytic enzymes which
Sol. Three morphological forms of golgi complex are are responsible for intercellular digestion of
cisternae, tubules and vesicles. Varied number of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
cisternae are present in a golgi complex. 24. Answer: (4)
The Golgi cisternae are concentrically arranged near Chromoplasts – Contain pigments other than
the nucleus with distinct convex cis or the forming chlorophyll
face and concave trans or the maturing face.
Leucoplasta – Devoid of any pigments
Tubules are long flattened structure while vesicles
are round or oval structure. Amyloplasts – Store starch
16. Answer: (2) Aleuroplasts – Store proteins
Sol. Proteins synthesis takes place in ribosomes, which Elaioplasta – Store fats
are attached to surface of endoplasmic reticulum by 25. Answer: (3)
ribophorin–I and ribophorin–II. About 50 hydrolytic Sol. The centrioles occur in nearly all animal cells, but
enzymes are found in the lysosomes. They include absent in plant cell with few exceptions such as
proteases, nucleases, glycosidases, lipases, zoospores of algae. Middle lamella is a thin,
phospholipase, phosphatases and sulphates. All amorphous and cementing layer between two
lysosomal enzymes are acid hydrolases and adjacent cells. It is made up of pectates of calcium
optimally active atpH–5.0 and magnesium.
17. Answer: (2) 26. Answer: (1)
Sol. The membrane which allows passage of certain Sol. Inner membrane of mitochondria folded in finger like
substance more readily than others is termed as projections, known as cristae which increase the
selectively permeable. It is a membrane in cells that surface area
only allows certain things in. This allows certain 27. Answer: (1)
molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion & Sol. The endomembrane system include endoplasmic
occasionally specialized facilitated diffusion. The reticulum (ER), golgi complex, lysosomes and
Rate of passage depends on the pressure, Vacuoles. Since the function of the mitochondria,
concentration, and temperature of the molecules of chloroplast and peroxisomes are not coordinated as
solutes on either side, as well as the permeability of part of the endomembrane system circular DNA
the membrane to each solute. molecule, a few RNA molecule, ribosomes (70 S)
18. Answer: (1) and the components required for the synthesis of
Sol. In animal cell plasma membrane gets modified and proteins.
forms desmosomes for adhesion. These are 28. Answer: (4)
connecting bodies between cells. Desmosomes have Sol. Textual Diagram
large intercellular space. Plasmalemma is thick inthis 29. Answer: (3)
region and dense material gets collected near it and Sol. In bacteria, a sticky, gelatinous material called
small filaments arise from it called tonofibril. glycocalyx collects outside the cell wall to form an
19. Answer: (2) additional surface layer. Glycocalyx covering of the
bacterial cell may be loose, thin sheath or thick and
Sol. In 1838, Schleiden, a german Botanist and In 1839,
tough coat. Loose glycocalyx covering is termed slime
a British zoologist theodre schwann reported that
layer while tough and thick type is known as capsule
bodies of plants and animals are composed of cells
30. Answer: (4)
and products of cells – cell theory
Sol. Ribosomes are about 15 nm by 20 nm in size.
20. Answer: (3)
31. Answer: (4)
Sol. The Golgi apparatus (also known as the Golgi
Sol. Chloroplast has double stranded circular DNA, 70s
complex, Golgi body) is an organelle, identified in
ribosomes and quantasomes which are the
1897 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi and
photosynthesis units
named after him in 1898. Golgi apparatus is the
32. Answer: (2)
important site of formation of glycoproteins and
glycolipids. It functions as a factory in which proteins Sol. Materials to be packaged in the form of vesicles
from the ER fuse with the Cis face of GC and move
received from the ER are further processed and
towards the maturing face(trans face) mean while
sorted for transport to their ultimate endpoints:
they are glycosylated and modified.
lysosomes, the plasma membrane.
33. Answer: (3)
21. Answer: (2)
Sol. Heterolysosomes are secondary in nature. Primary
cysosomes arise from golgi apparatus.
34. Answer: (4)

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 9 Biology Assignment
Sol. Peroxidases are present in peroxysomes. Sol. Even it takes place in animal cells.
35. Answer: (2) 53. Answer: (1)
Sol. Glyoxysomes are present in plant cells only which Sol. Lysosomal enzyme synthesis takes place in
help in glyoxyalte cycle where at the time of seed ribosomes (or) rough endoplasmic reticulum
germination converts lipids into carbohydrates. 54. Answer: (3)
36. Answer: (2) Sol. Algae cell wall made up of cellulose, galactons,
Sol. Submetacentric chromosome has one short arm and mannans and minerals like calcium carbonate
one long arm exhibiting “L” shape. Bacterial cell wall made up of peptidoglycons and
37. Answer: (4) lipopolysaccharides
Sol. Amyloplasts store carbohydrates (starch), e.g., 55. Answer: (4)
potato whereas proteins are stored by aleuroplasts, Sol. Cell wall, chloroplast and Glyoxysomes are present
chlorophyll pigments are presents in the thylakoid. in plant cells only
38. Answer: (3) 56. Answer: (2)
Sol. Membrane of vacuole is called Tonoplast, the fluid Sol. Microbodies are single membrane bound organelles
present in vacuole of plant cell is called cells sap. which are peroxisomes and glyoxisomes
39. Answer: (1) 57. Answer: (2)
Sol. During anaphase centromeres split and spindle Sol. Nucleolus is the site for r-RNA synthesis
fibres pull them to opposite poles during which 58. Answer: (2)
shape of chromosome based on the position of Metacentric centromere at the centre
Centromere can be noticed. chromosome
40. Answer: (4)
Sub-meta centric centromere above to the
Sol. Chondrisome is nothing but mitochondria and sap
chromosome centre
vacuoles are present in eukartoyic cells only.
41. Answer: (4) Acrocentric centromere nearer to the end
chromosome of chromosome
Sol. Golgi bodies are considered as packaging centres of
the cell 59. Answer: (3)
42. Answer: (3) Sol. Fluid – Mosaic model indicates the quasi fluid nature
Sol. Chromatin contains DNA and some basic proteins of lipids enables lateral movement of protein within
called Histones. Human do not have telocentric the overall bilayer
chromosomes. 60. Answer: (3)
43. Answer: (1) Sol. Both chloroplast and mitochondria have their own
Sol. Irrespective of whether cell divides or not DNA and ribosomes which can synthesis their own
mitochondria and chloroplasts divide by fission. proteins
44. Answer: (1) 61. Answer: (1)
Sol. Microfibrils are not a component of cytoskeleeton Sol. The given diagram shows the fluid mosaic model of
cell membrane. In the diagram the components
45. Answer: (3)
marked as A, B, C, D and E are respectively (i)
Sol. Middle lamella (cell plate derivative) was the first sugar, (ii) protein, (iii) lipid bilayer, (iv) integral
formed layer deposited at the time of cytokinesis,
proteins, and (v) cytoplasm. The fluid mosaic model
cell plate develops as middle lamella made up of was devised by SJ Singer and GL Nicolson in 1972,
calcium and magnesium pectates describes the cell membrane as a two-dimensional
46. Answer: (2) liquid in which phospholipid and protein molecules
Cristae Infolding of mitochondrial membrane diffuse easily.
Cisternae Disc shaped sac of golgi apparatus 62. Answer: (1)
Thylakoid Flattened membranes sac in chloroplast Sol. In S phase DNA gets doubled so that is distributed
Tonoplast Covering of vacuole to daughter cells.
63. Answer: (1)
47. Answer: (1)
Sol. Ribosomes are the smallest cell organelles made up Meiosis → Meiosis I Meiosis II
of RNA and proteins (Reductional) (Equational)
48. Answer: (3) No. of Chromosomes No. of Chromosomes
Sol. Nucleolus is granular and centrioles is suspended in reduced to half in remains same
atmosphere structure called centrosphere daughter cells similar to mitosis
49. Answer: (1) 64. Answer: (1)
Sol. In animal cells lipid–like steroidal hormones are Sol. Prophase I of Meiosis in divided into 5 substages.
synthesized in SER. Leptotene Chromatin condenses to form
50. Answer: (3) Chromosomes
Sol. 70s ribosomes are present in chloroplast and Zygotene Homologous Chromosomes get
mitochondria paired (synapsis)
51. Answer: (2) Pachytene Crossing over takes place i.e.
Sol. In telocentric chromosomes centromere is at the Exchange of genetic material
end, in metacentric it is at the centre are in
Diplotene Homologous Chromosomes start
enlometacentric slightly away from the centre.
repelling each other
52. Answer: (3)
Diakinesis Homologous Chromosomes become

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 10 Biology Assignment
completely separated after process recombination and the enzyme involved
exchanging of genetic material from recombinase. It is completed at the end of
chiasmata pachytene, a sub–stage of prophase I of meiosis I,
65. Answer: (4) leaving the chromosomes linked at the sites of
Sol. Refer. 154 Sol. crossing over.
66. Answer: (4) 76. Answer: (2)
Sol. Phragmoplast is due to depositions of golgi vesicles Sol. During Metaphase of mitosis, spindle fibers attach to
during cytokinesis of plant cell, which develops as a kinetochores of chromosomes.Nucleolus, golgi
cell plate complex and ER reform at telophase of mitosis.
67. Answer: (4) 77. Answer: (3)
Sol. At the end of prophase, golgi complex, endoplasmic Sol. Leptotene is initial stage of prophase. During this,
reticulum, nucleolus and nuclear envelope chromosomes become gradually visible. Pachytene
disappears when viewed under the microscope is characterized by occurrence of crossing over.
Bivalent chromosomes now clearly appear as
68. Answer: (2)
tetrads. Diplotene follows pachytene and involves
M dissolution of synaptonemal complex.
G2 G1 78. Answer: (1)
S Sol. Textual Diagram
Sol. 79. Answer: (4)
69. Answer: (3) Sol. Amitosis is cleavage of nucleus without recognizable
Sol. Reduction division takes place is germ cells (Micro chromosome distribution.
and mega sporangium) of anthers and ovules 80. Answer: (2)
70. Answer: (2) Sol. There is no changes of chromosome number in
Sol. The given figure (A, B and C) showing meiotic mitosis
phases are respectively metaphase I, anaphase I 81. Answer: (4)
and telophase I. Sol. E.R., Golgi complex, Nuclear envelope reappears in
Metaphase I: spindle apparatus appear and the telophase which are exactly reverse events of
chromosomes are arranged on equatorial plate, with prophase
the centromeres of the two homologous
82. Answer: (3)
chromosomes.
Sol. Paired chromosomes (Bivalents) gets aligned on the
Anaphase I: The homologous chromosomes break
spindle apparatus of metaphase – I of meiosis - I
apart while sister chromatids remains associated at
83. Answer: (3)
their centrmere. At the end of anaphase I, two
groups of chromosomes are produced at two poles, Sol. Tubulin proteins are present in plant cells
having half the number of parental chromosomes. 84. Answer: (4)
Telophase I: The homologous chromosomes pair Sol. Mitosis occurs is living organisms and brings/
complete their migration to the two poles as a result restores the nucleo-cytoplasmic as well as cell repair
of spindle action. As a result a haploid set of 85. Answer: (3)
chromosomes still having two chromatids. A nuclear Sol. Chromosomal morphology studied at metaphase
envelope reforms around each chromosome set, the (size structure and number)
spindle disappears, and cytokinesis follows. whereas chromosome shape visualized at anaphase
71. Answer: (4) stage
Sol. Forms spindle fibres in animal cell 86. Answer: (2)
72. Answer: (3) Sol. Interphase is charactered by cell growth and DNA
Sol. The formed daughter cells due to meiosis are differ replication whereas mitosis/meiosis (multiplication
in their genetic constitution that gets separated phase prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
during anaphase – II of meiosis - II characterized by division
73. Answer: (4) 87. Answer: (2)
Sol. Conceptual Sol. Rudolf Virchow modified the hypothesis of schleiden
74. Answer: (2) and Schwann and given final shape to cell theory.
Sol. Diplotene is the longest and most active subphase 88. Answer: (2)
of prophase I of meiosis. The beginning of diplotene Sol. Pollen grain haploid cell: Hence the number of
is recognized by the dissolution of the synaptonemal chromosome are reduced to half (21)
complex and the tendency of the recombined 89. Answer: (3)
homologous chromosomes of the bivalents to Sol. Mesosome is a circular to villiform in growth of the
separate from each other except at the sites of plasma membrane. It takes part in the replication of
crossovers. These X shaped structures are called nucleoid. Mesosomes are characteristic of
chiasmata. Diplotene can last for months and years prokaryotes
in oocytes of some vertebrates. 90. Answer: (4)
75. Answer: (3) Sol. Plasmodesmata connect the protoplasts of adjacent
Sol. Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material plant cells by passing through their cell walls.
between two homologous chromosomes by the

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