Soil Nailing and Horizontal Drains 2101 Soil Nailing 2101.1 Description

SOIL NAILING AND HORIZONTAL DRAINS
2101 SOIL NAILING
2101.1 Description
This work shall consist of soil nailing, construction of nail heads, laying of protective net, hydro seeding and
other associate works. The work shall be carried out in accordance with this Specification and in conformity
with the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
Unless otherwise approved by Engineer, the Contractor performing the soil nailing works described in this
Specification shall have experience of soil nailing for a minimum of 5 years. The Contractor’s on-site
supervisors shall have a minimum of 3years’ experience in installing soil nails with Contractor’s
organization.
Full-time supervision by qualified Engineer or technician shall be accorded to all soil nailing works especially
all the inspection checks and quality control tests.
2101.2 Materials
The materials used for soil nailing shall meet the requirements of the following, unless otherwise specified.
a) Reinforcement for soil nails
Unless otherwise shown on Drawings, reinforcement bars (rebars) for soil nails shall be deformed Y25 or
Y32 bars (SLS-375-2009 – Ribbed Steel Bars for the Reinforcement of Concrete with minimum yield
strength of 460 MPa), threaded and fully hot-dip galvanized in conformance with requirements of AS1214
(Australian standard for hot dip Galvanized coatings on threaded fasteners) and AS1650 (Australian standard
for coupling assembly) with minimum coat thickness of 85 microns or 610 mg per meter square surface. Nuts
shall be of Grade 4 steel and comply with BS 4190:2001. The nail bars or rebars shall be threaded at the ends
for a sufficient length (minimum 150 mm long) to facilitate fixing of galvanized washer, overlap locking
washers, nuts, MS bearing plates (Grade 43A to BS4360) and nuts at the exposed end and fixing of galvanized
coupler at the other end, if required. All steel components for soil nails including rebar, MS bearing plate,
washers, nuts, couplers, etc., shall be hot-dip galvanized in conformance with requirements of AS1214
(Australian standard for hot dip Galvanized coatings on threaded fasteners) and AS1650 (Australian standard
for coupling assembly) with minimum coat thickness of 85μm or 610 mg per square metre. The holes in MS
bearing plate shall be drilled perpendicular to the face of MS plate and the centre of the hole shall be at a
position of within 2mm from the centroid of the MS plate. The total annular clearance between the galvanized
rebar diameter and the hole diameter shall not exceed 1mm. All components of nail head including nuts,
thread, washer and MS plate shall be galvanized. The tightened nut shall be tested to ensure it can take a
tension load of at least 1.5 times the design working loan of the soil nail or minimum 150 kN without failure.
Only soil nails of more than 12m long shall have re-bars spliced or coupled. The tensile strength of the bar
coupler shall be capable to develop at least 95% of the tensile strength of the rebar as tested and certified by
the manufacturer. Test certificates from reputable laboratory or accredited laboratory approved by the
Engineer to show compliance of the specification shall be submitted to the Engineer for verification and
approval before commencement of works.
In case of doubt, the installed steel nail length shall be checked and determined by nondestructive tests
(magnetometry, etc.) as recommended by GEO Hong Kong (GEO Report No.133, May 2003).
b) Cement Grout
Cement used for grouting shall conform to requirements of Sub-section 1703.1 of the Specificationsand shall
be Portland Ordinary Cement (OPC) complying with (BS196 or BS197).Only fresh cement, free from lumps
and less than three months old shall be used.
Grout shall consist of cement and water plus approved grout fluidifier specified by ASTM C937. Water
cement ratio shall be 0.40 to 0.45 and unless otherwise stated in the design drawing, minimum cube strength
of 7-day strength and 28-day strength shall be 20 MPa and 30 MPa respectively (BS 1881). Sand shall not
be used for drillholes of less than 200mm diameter unless otherwise approved by the Engineer in writing.
Water shall be from approved public water supply. Grout material should be non-expansive and non-
shrinkage material. Suitable admixtures shall be used to improve flowability and to control bleeding or
shrinkage problems. Admixtures shall comply with the requirements of BS 5075: Part 1 and Part 3 and shall
only be used with the prior approval of the Engineer. Grout shall be thoroughly mixed by suitable high speed
colloidal mixer (> 1000 rpm) until a homogeneous grout free from undispersed cement, free from lumps and
bleeding is obtained. The grout after mixing for a few minutes shall be transferred through a 5mm sieve to
remove lumps into a storage tank attached with paddle agitator to prevent sedimentation.
Unless otherwise specified on design Drawings, the important quality control tests specified in Clause 2101.5
shall be carried out at least once daily per grouting mixer or once for every 40 cubic meters of grout used,
whichever is more:
If any of the above results falls below the acceptable limits, at least one or 1% of grouted working nails shall
be subject to pull-out test (Clause 2101.5) at the Contractor own cost. The Contractor shall carry out flow
cone and bleeding tests before grouting to ensure the grout mix and admixture can comply with the specified
requirements.
c) Centralizers
Centralizers shall be non-corrodible and shall be tightly fixed to the rebar at the spacing as shown on the
Drawing to ensure an even annulus of grout around the rebar. The centralizers shall be firm and as small as
possible (not more than 50 % of the nail section) so that the blockage of grout flow is minimum. Centralizers
shall be sized to position the rebar within 25mm of the centre of the drill holes; sized to allow tremie pipe
(about 30mm diameter) insertion to the bottom of the drill hole. The centralizers shall be produced by
reputable manufacturer or specialist using welded on galvanized steel strips or PP (polypropylene) or PVC
(polyvinyl chloride) and comply with following properties:
- Tensile strength (BS 2782: Part 3, method 320C) > 30 MPa

- Hardness (BS 2782: Part 3, method 365B) >65
- Brittleness temperature (ASTM D746-79) < 5 degree C
- Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance (ASTM D1693-70): 200 hrs (no cracking).
Test certificates from reputable laboratory or accredited laboratory approved by the Engineer showing the
centralizers have complied with the specification shall be submitted to the Engineer for verification and
approval.
Suitability of the method of assembly and faxing of the centralizers, grout pipes, etc., shall be determined by
carrying out trials at site until no damages and no distortion of centralizers and grout pipes are observed
during inserting and withdrawing the soil nails. In addition, pull-out checks as specified in Clause 2101.4.2
shall also be carried out during the installation of working soil nails.
d) Tor steel for concrete pillows

Unless otherwise shown on Drawings, reinforcement bars (rebars) for pillows shall be to SLS 375, SLS
26 or BS 4449.
e) Flexible reinforcement mesh
Coir mesh with 40 mm x 40 mm openings Coir mesh opening size is 40 mm x 40 mm and flexible
reinforcement mesh shall be satisfied the following properties.

Soil Nailing and Horizontal Drains 2101 Soil Nailing 2101.1 Description

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

Soil Nailing and Horizontal Drains 2101 Soil Nailing 2101.1 Description

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Soil Nailing and Horizontal Drains 2101 Soil Nailing 2101.1 Description

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SOIL NAILING AND HORIZONTAL DRAINS

2101 SOIL NAILING

a) Reinforcement for soil nails

- Tensile strength (BS 2782: Part 3, method 320C) > 30 MPa

d) Tor steel for concrete pillows

e) Flexible reinforcement mesh

You might also like