The document discusses dielectric boundary conditions at interfaces between different media. It addresses the boundary conditions at:
1) A dielectric-dielectric interface, where the tangential electric field and normal electric flux density must be continuous.
2) A conductive-dielectric interface, where the electric field inside the conductor is zero and the normal electric field outside the conductor is non-zero.
3) Examples are provided to illustrate how to apply these boundary conditions to determine fields on either side of an interface.
The document discusses dielectric boundary conditions at interfaces between different media. It addresses the boundary conditions at:
1) A dielectric-dielectric interface, where the tangential electric field and normal electric flux density must be continuous.
2) A conductive-dielectric interface, where the electric field inside the conductor is zero and the normal electric field outside the conductor is non-zero.
3) Examples are provided to illustrate how to apply these boundary conditions to determine fields on either side of an interface.
The document discusses dielectric boundary conditions at interfaces between different media. It addresses the boundary conditions at:
1) A dielectric-dielectric interface, where the tangential electric field and normal electric flux density must be continuous.
2) A conductive-dielectric interface, where the electric field inside the conductor is zero and the normal electric field outside the conductor is non-zero.
3) Examples are provided to illustrate how to apply these boundary conditions to determine fields on either side of an interface.
The document discusses dielectric boundary conditions at interfaces between different media. It addresses the boundary conditions at:
1) A dielectric-dielectric interface, where the tangential electric field and normal electric flux density must be continuous.
2) A conductive-dielectric interface, where the electric field inside the conductor is zero and the normal electric field outside the conductor is non-zero.
3) Examples are provided to illustrate how to apply these boundary conditions to determine fields on either side of an interface.
Lecture 7 Antenna And Wave Propagation Dielectric Boundary Conditions
Dielectric Boundary Conditions
So far, we have considered the existence of the electric field in a homogeneous medium. If the field exists in a region consisting of two different media, the conditions that the field must satisfy at the interface separating the media are called boundary conditions. These conditions are helpful in determining the field on one side of the boundary if the field on the other side is known. Obviously, the conditions will be dictated by the types of material the media are made of. We shall consider the boundary conditions at an interface separating 1- Dielectric-Dielectric Interface 2- Conductive-Dielectric Interface 3- Conductive-free space Interface
1-Dielectric-Dielectric Interface Consider the interface between two dissimilar dielectric regions:
Say that an electric field is present in both regions, thus producing also an electric flux density 𝐷(𝑟⃗) = 𝜀𝐸(𝑟⃗).
Technical College / communication Dept. 1 By: Ghufran M. Hatem
Lecture 7 Antenna And Wave Propagation Dielectric Boundary Conditions
Q: How are the fields in dielectric region 1 (i.e., 𝐸1 (𝑟⃗), 𝐷1 (𝑟⃗) related to the fields in region 2 (i.e., 𝐸2 (𝑟⃗), 𝐷2 (𝑟⃗) Answer: They must satisfy the dielectric boundary conditions!
First, let’s write the fields at the dielectric interface in terms of their normal (𝐸𝑛 (𝑟⃗)) and tangential (𝐸𝑡 (𝑟⃗)) vector components: The electric field in the two media can be expressed as Region 1: 𝐸⃗⃗1 (𝑟) = 𝐸⃗⃗1𝑡 (𝑟) + 𝐸⃗⃗1𝑛 (𝑟) Region 2: 𝐸⃗⃗2 (𝑟) = 𝐸⃗⃗2𝑡 (𝑟) + 𝐸⃗⃗2𝑛 (𝑟)
Our first boundary condition states that the tangential component of the electric field is continuous across a boundary. In other words:
Where ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑟𝑏 denotes any point on the boundary (e.g., dielectric interface). (The tangential component of the electric field at one side of the dielectric boundary is equal to the tangential component at the other side). Since𝐷(𝑟⃗) = 𝜀𝐸(𝑟⃗) , these boundary conditions can likewise be expressed as:
Technical College / communication Dept. 2 By: Ghufran M. Hatem
Lecture 7 Antenna And Wave Propagation Dielectric Boundary Conditions
The tangential components of 𝐷(𝑟⃗) under goes some change across the boundary. So, 𝐷(𝑟⃗) is said to be discontinouse across the boundary. We can likewise consider the electric flux densities on the dielectric interface in terms of their normal and tangential components:
The second dielectric boundary condition states that the normal vector component of the electric flux density is continuous across the dielectric boundary. In other words: 𝐷1𝑛 (𝑟⃗) − 𝐷2𝑛 (𝑟⃗) = 𝜌𝑣 If there is no charge exists in the boundary, (𝜌𝑣 = 0), then
Where ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑟𝑏 denotes any point on the dielectric boundary (i.e., dielectric interface). ⃗⃗) at one side of the dielectric The normal components of electric flux density 𝑫(𝒓 boundary is equal to the normal components at the other side 𝐷𝑛 (𝑟⃗) undergoes no change on the boundary and it is continous across the boundary
Technical College / communication Dept. 3 By: Ghufran M. Hatem
Lecture 7 Antenna And Wave Propagation Dielectric Boundary Conditions
The normal components of 𝐸(𝑟⃗) under goes some change across the boundary. So, 𝐸(𝑟⃗) is said to be discontinouse across the boundary. We can likewise consider the electric flux densities on the dielectric interface in terms of their normal and tangential components: MAKE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND THIS: These boundary conditions describe the relationships of the vector fields at the dielectric interface only (i.e., at points 𝑟⃗ = 𝑟⃗𝑏 ).They say nothing about the value of the fields at points above or below the interface. Reflection law
Technical College / communication Dept. 4 By: Ghufran M. Hatem
Lecture 7 Antenna And Wave Propagation Dielectric Boundary Conditions
⃗⃗): Boundary conditions of magnetic field 𝑯(𝒓
We get the condition on the tangential component of the H field as
𝐵1𝑛 (𝑟⃗) − 𝐵2𝑛 (𝑟⃗) = 0 Then 𝑩𝟏𝒏 (𝒓 ⃗⃗) = 𝑩𝟐𝒏 (𝒓 ⃗⃗) Technical College / communication Dept. 5 By: Ghufran M. Hatem Lecture 7 Antenna And Wave Propagation Dielectric Boundary Conditions
Which says the normal component of the magnetic field is always continuous. In words, this means: 1- The tangential electric field is continuous. 2- The tangential magnetic field is discontinuous if 𝐽𝑆 = 0. 3-The normal component of the magnetic flux is continuous. 4-The normal component of the electric flux is discontinuous if 𝜌𝑆 = 0. Interface between two lossless dielectric layers (no charge, no current at the interface) can be given as:
𝐸1𝑡 − 𝐸2𝑡 = 0
𝐻1𝑡 − 𝐻2𝑡 = 𝐽𝑆 = 0
𝐷1𝑛 − 𝐷2𝑛 = 𝜌𝑆 = 0
𝐵1𝑛 − 𝐵2𝑛 = 0
Example
Solution
Technical College / communication Dept. 6 By: Ghufran M. Hatem
Lecture 7 Antenna And Wave Propagation Dielectric Boundary Conditions
Technical College / communication Dept. 7 By: Ghufran M. Hatem
Lecture 7 Antenna And Wave Propagation Dielectric Boundary Conditions
2- Conductive- Dielectric Boundary Conditions
The interface between a perfect conductor and a dielectic shown in figure
Technical College / communication Dept. 8 By: Ghufran M. Hatem
Lecture 7 Antenna And Wave Propagation Dielectric Boundary Conditions
The conductor is assumed to be perfect (i.e., 𝜎 → ∞ or 𝜌𝑠 → 0). Although such a
conductor is not practically realizable, we may regard conductors such as copper and silver as though they were perfect conductors. To determine the boundary conditions for a conductor-dielectric interface, we incorporate the fact that E = 0 inside the conductor. 𝐷𝑛 = 𝜌𝑠
Thus under static conditions, the following conclusions can be made about a perfect conductor: 1. No electric field may exist within a conductor; that is
Technical College / communication Dept. 9 By: Ghufran M. Hatem
Lecture 7 Antenna And Wave Propagation Dielectric Boundary Conditions
𝜌𝑠 = 0 𝐸=0
2. Since E =0, there can be no potential difference between any two points in the conductor; that is, a conductor is an equipotential body.
3. The electric field E can be external to the conductor and normal to its surface; that is An important application of the fact that E = 0 inside a conductor is in electrostatic screening or shielding. Example
Solution
Technical College / communication Dept. 10 By: Ghufran M. Hatem
Lecture 7 Antenna And Wave Propagation Dielectric Boundary Conditions
Technical College / communication Dept. 11 By: Ghufran M. Hatem
