RK University

SDS Electrical DEPARTMENT

Subject: ET&C Prepaid by :Dhara

Kalola

Chapter:2 Electric traction motor.

Traction motor refers to an electric motor providing the primary rotational torque of a
machine, usually for conversion into linear motion (traction).

General feature of traction motor

Mechanical features

Electrical features

Mechanical features

robustness & ability to withstand continuous vibration

The weight of the traction motor should be minimum in order to increases the pay load
capacity of the vehicle

The traction motor must be small inn overall dimensions

The traction motor must be totally enclosed type to provide protection against dirt,
dust ,water

Electrical features

High starting torque

Parallel running

Simple and easy speed control

Overload capacity

Fluctuation of voltage

Temporary interruption of supply

 Easy electric braking

Self relieving property

High efficiency

D.C MOTOR

d.c series motor

d.c shunt motor

A.C MOTOR

1-phase a.c motor

Repulsion motor

Linear induction motor

3-phase induction motor

D.C series motor

Magnetizing characteristic

Torque current characteristics

Speed current characteristics

Speed torque characteristics

Torque current charac.

 Ta Ia

Upto magnetic saturation, Ia so that Ta Ia2

After magnetic saturation, is constant so that Ta Ia Thus upto magnetic saturation, the
armature torque is directly proportional to the square of armature current. If Ia is doubled,
Ta is almost quadrupled.

This means that starting torque of a d.c. series motor a will be very high as compared to a
shunt motor (where that Ta Ia)

Speed /current chara.

 N Eb/

Eb = V Ia (R a + Rse )

When the armature current increases, the back e.m.f. Eb decreases due to Ia(Ra + Rse).

Upto magnetic saturation, Ia

Voltage is constant so N 1/ Ia

So , if load current is small the speed will be high viceversa

Speed torque charac.
 It has a high starting torque because initially Ta I2

It is a variable speed motor it automatically adjusts the speed as the load changes. Thus
if the load decreases,

its speed is automatically raised and vice-versa.

At no-load, the armature current is very small and so is the flux. Hence, the speed rises to
an excessive high value (Q N 1/). This is dangerous for the machine which may be
destroyed due to centrifugal forces set up in the rotating parts. Therefore, a series motor
should never be started on no-load. However, to start a series motor, mechanical load is
first put and then the motor is started

SERIES AC MOTOR

A series ac motor is the same electrically as a dc series motor. Refer to the

figure and use the left- hand rule for the polarity of coils. You can see that the
instantaneous magnetic polarities of the armature and field oppose each other, and motor
action results. Now, reverse the current by reversing the polarity of the input. Note that
the field magnetic polarity still opposes the armature magnetic polarity. This is because
the reversal effects both the armature and the field.


The ac input causes these reversals to take place continuously. The construction
of the ac series motor differs slightly from the dc series motor. Special metals,
laminations, and windings are used. They reduce losses caused by eddy currents,
hysteresis, and high reactance. Dc power can be used to drive an ac series motor
efficiently, but the opposite is not true.

Linear induction motor

Linear Induction motor abbreviated as LIM, is basically a special purpose motor that is
in use to achieve rectilinear motion rather than rotational motion as in the case of
conventional motors.

A linear motor or linear induction motor is an alternating current (AC) electric motor that
has had its stator "unrolled" so that instead of producing a torque (rotation) it produces a
linear force along its length. The most common mode of operation is as a Lorentz-type
actuator, in which the applied force is linearly proportional to the current and the
magnetic field (F = qv B).
 Many designs have been put forward for linear motors, falling into two major
categories, low-acceleration and high-acceleration linear motors. Low-acceleration linear
motors are suitable for maglev trains and other ground-based transportation applications.
High-acceleration linear motors are normally quite short, and are designed to accelerate
an object up to a very high speed and then release it, like roller coasters. They are usually
used for studies of hypervelocity collisions, as weapons, or as mass drivers for spacecraft
propulsion.

Construction of a Linear Induction Motor

Construction wise a LIM is similar to three phase induction motor in more ways than one
as it has been depicted in the figure below the stator of the poly phase induction motor
shown in the figure is cut along the section aob and laid on a flat surface, then it forms
the primary of the LIM housing the field system, and consequently the rotor forms the
secondary consisting of flat aluminum conductors with ferromagnetic core for
 Which has a primary winding on either side of the secondary, for more effective
utilization of the induced flux from both sides.

Working of a Linear Induction Motor

When the primary of an LIM is excited by a balanced three phase power supply, a
traveling flux is induced in the primary instead of rotating 3 flux, which will travel
along the entire length of the primary.

Electric current is induced into the aluminum conductors or the secondary due to the
relative motion between the traveling flux and the conductors. This induced current
interacts with the traveling flux wave to produce linear force or thrust F. If the secondary
is fixed and the primary is free to move, the force will move the primary in the direction
of the force, resulting in the required rectilinear motion.

The developed field will results in a linear traveling field, the velocity of which is given
by the equation,

vs = 2 t fs m/sec.

where, vs is velocity of the linear traveling field, and t is the pole pitch.

For a slip of s, the speed of the LIM is given by

v = (1-s) vs
 Disadvantage

Poor utilization of motor due to transverse edge effect and end effect

High capital cost

Complicated Difficulties encountered in maintain adequate clearance at points and

crossing