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نظم المعلومات للمبتدئين

The document discusses the goals and concepts of information systems. It aims to define information systems, and teach their analysis, design, and evaluation. It defines key terms like systems, information, and information systems. An information system is described as an organized process for collecting, classifying, sorting, processing, and converting data into information that can be retrieved when needed by users to complete tasks or make decisions.

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Dr.Doaa Mohamed Sayed
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800 views3 pages

نظم المعلومات للمبتدئين

The document discusses the goals and concepts of information systems. It aims to define information systems, and teach their analysis, design, and evaluation. It defines key terms like systems, information, and information systems. An information system is described as an organized process for collecting, classifying, sorting, processing, and converting data into information that can be retrieved when needed by users to complete tasks or make decisions.

Uploaded by

Dr.Doaa Mohamed Sayed
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺩ‪ /‬ﺩﻋﺎء ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬


‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ‬

‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺘﻌﻠــﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﺤــل ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﺤﻠﻴــل ﻭﺘﺼــﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟــﻨﻅﻡ ﻓــﻲ ﻤﺠــﺎل ﻨﻅــﻡ‬


‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺘﻔﺎﻋـل ﻤـﻊ ﺒﻌﻀـﻬﺎ‬


‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻏﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -2‬ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﻫــﺎ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤــﺔ ﻭﺘﺸــﻴﺭ ﺇﻟــﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘــﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻜــﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘــﻲ ﻴﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﻬــﺎ‬


‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﻴـﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﺒـﺭ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﺘﺼـﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻭﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺴــﺎﻥ ﺍﻟــﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺘــﺎﺝ ﻭﻴﺴــﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫــﻭ ﻨﻔﺴــﻪ ﻤﻨــﺘﺞ‬


‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺎﻗل ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﺁﻟﻴــﺔ ﻭﺇﺠــﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﻅﻤــﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺴــﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﺠﻤﻴــﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺼــﻨﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓــﺭﺯ‬


‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴـــﺎﻨﺎﺕ ‪ data‬ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬــﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤــﻥ ﺜــﻡ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬــﺎ ﺇﻟــﻰ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـــﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ information‬ﻴﺴــﺘﺭﺠﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻨﺴــﺎﻥ ﻋﻨــﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠــﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴــﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤــﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤل ﺃﻭ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ـﺩﻭﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ـﺎﺕ ﻴـ‬
‫ـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـ‬
‫ـﻲ ﻨﻅـ‬
‫ـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓـ‬
‫ـﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـ‬
‫ـﺘﻡ ﺍﺴـ‬
‫ـﺩ ﻴـ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻗـ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘــﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴــﺔ ﻫــﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴــﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻨﻅــﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤــﺎﺕ‬


‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻭﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﻭ‪:‬‬

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‫ـﻰ‬
‫ـل ﻤﻌـﺎﹰ ﻋﻠـ‬
‫ـﻲ ﺘﻌﻤـ‬
‫ـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘـ‬
‫ـﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﻟﻴـ‬
‫ـﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸـ‬
‫ـﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﻤـ‬
‫" ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻤﻴــﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨــﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬــﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬــﺎ ﻭﺘﺒﻭﻴﺒﻬــﺎ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻘــﺎﹰ ﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋــﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺠــﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﻨﻨــﺔ ﻷﻏــﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺤــﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐــﺭﺽ ﺇﺘﺎﺤﺘﻬــﺎ ﻟﻠﺒــﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺼــﺎﻨﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻘــﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴــﺘﻔﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺨــﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺸــﻜل ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤــﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻔﻴﺩﺓ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ‪.People‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ‪. Hardware‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـــــﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨـــــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـــــﺔ ﻟﻸﻨﻅﻤـــــﺔ‬


‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ‪Software‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪. Data‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ‪.Networks‬‬

‫ﻭﻫــﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼــﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤــﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻀــﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﻤــل ﺒﻌﻀــﻬﺎ ﺍﻟــﺒﻌﺽ‬


‫ـل‬
‫ـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻴﺘﻜﺎﻤـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟـ‬
‫ـل ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـ‬
‫ـﺎﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻤـ‬
‫ـل ﺍﻟﻨﻅـ‬
‫ـﻜل ﻴﺠﻌـ‬
‫ـﺭﺍﺒﻁ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸـ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘـ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

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