Thesaurus Construction

This essay presents a mission of reengineering of a thesaurus for the information intelligence and documentation unit of the banking group BPCE. After introducing the new standard ISO 25964 about thesauri and its main contributions, it discusses the specificities of a specialized thesaurus in business environment. The main topic of this paper is to provide methodological advice for this type of project management and to analyze the impact on participants’ skills and upon management of the team. To conclude, the author addresses the second part of the standard relating to interoperability between vocabularies in semantic Web context, and the involved opportunities for business applications.

Η αρχιτεκτονική βιβλιοθηκών είναι ένα θέμα που έχει απασχολήσει ελάχιστα την ελληνική
βιβλιοθηκονομική κοινότητα, η οποία δεν ασχολήθηκε επισταμένα ή στις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις
η αποψή της αγνοήθηκε παντελώς. Η επιτακτική ανάγκη να οργανώσουμε συλλογές
παρέκαμψε το κτιριακό πρόβλημα, η λύση του όμως δεν είναι πολυτέλεια είναι ανάγκη.
Σπάνια μιλάμε για το που και πως στεγάζονται αυτές οι συλλογές και ακόμα πιο σπάνια
εκπονούμε μελέτες για κατασκευή ή ανακατασκευή βιβλιοθηκών. Το θέμα του χώρου
και της αισθητικής του δεν πρέπει να αντιμετωπίζεται αποσπασματικά και κατά περίπτωση
ή ως ουτοπικό σύνδρομο. Η αρχιτεκτονική μορφή των βιβλιοθηκών πρέπει να μας απασχολήσει
ιδιαίτερα εν όψη των νέων τεχνολογιών που έτσι κι αλλιώς αμφισβητούν ήδη τα
όρια του χώρου της σύγχρονης βιβλιοθήκης. Η βιβλιοθήκη χωρίς τοίχους είναι μια πραγματικότητα.
Το νέο προφίλ και η εικόνα της σύγχρονης βιβλιοθήκης δεν είναι όμως μόνο η
web ιστοσελίδα της αλλά και ο φυσικός της χώρος. Οι φυσικές διαστάσεις του πληροφοριακού
χώρου, δηλαδή του χώρου της βιβλιοθήκης, πρέπει να εξυπηρετούν τις πραγματικές,
λειτουργικές και πληροφοριακές ανάγκες μιας βιβλιοθήκης που θα κληθεί στο μέλλον
να διαδραματίσει ένα διαφορετικό ρόλο απ' ότι σήμερα.

سردت الدراسة كمدخل لها التداخلَ الشائع في تعريف "كتاب الفنان" مع تعريفات أخرى كتعريف الكتاب المصوّر والقصة المصورة، وذلك اعتمادا على منهجية الدراسة في تقديم وسيط "كتاب الفنان" برؤية جديدة تعتمد على فرضية أساسها أنه من الممكن أن يتخذ "كتاب الفنان" الهيئة الشكلية لأي كتاب تقليدي لكن بمحتوى فني ابتكاري خاص بمؤلفه. وتتبّعت الدراسة بعض مؤلفات فنانين تشكيليين قاموا باستخدام الكتاب كوسيط للتعبير، حيث حللت الدراسة بعض الحالات على وجه الخصوص، وقامت بالنظر في كيفية تناول الفنان لهذا الوسيط في التعبير، بجانب وسائطه الأخرى، ومدى حاجته إلى ذلك، والطرق الإبداعية التي تفاعل بها وأضافها على الوسيط. وفي كل حالة قامت الدراسة باستخلاص نتيجة ترتبط بكيفية فهرسة تلك المؤلفات داخل مكتبات الفنون المتخصصة تحديدا. وحددت الدراسة الاختلافات بين السّير الذاتية وبين "كتاب الفنان" من حيث الفهرسة المتخصصة لتلك المؤلفات، مع تزايد الإنتاج الفني بوسيط "كتاب الفنان" في الممارسات المعاصرة التي تعتمد على البحث. وانتهت الدراسة بنقاط تحدد كيفية عمل المفهرس على كتاب الفنان في مكتبة الفنون المتخصصة.

This introductory tutorial is intended for anyone concerned with subject access to digital libraries. It provides a bridge by presenting methods of subject access as treated in an information studies program for those coming to digital libraries from other fields. It will elucidate through examples the conceptual and vocabulary problems users face when searching digital libraries. It will then show how a well-structured thesaurus / ontology can be used as the knowledge base for an interface that can assist users with search topic clarification (for example through browsing well-structured hierarchies and guided facet analysis) and with finding good search terms (through query term mapping and query term expansion - synonyms and hierarchic inclusion). It will touch on cross-database and cross-language searching as natural extensions of these functions. The workshop will cover the thesaurus structure needed to support these functions: Concept-term relationships for vocabulary control and synonym expansion, conceptual structure (semantic analysis, facets, and hierarchy) for topic clarification and hierarchic query term expansion). It will introduce a few sample thesauri and some thesaurus-supported digital libraries and Web sites to illustrate these principles.

When identifying new necessities, that make possible its development, the society modifies its conception of knowledge, which induces the creation of different forms of treatment of documents and its contents.  We have selected as object of our research, to study the processes by which codification and decoding the documentary information are connected.  We believe that such processes are constructed with the function of representing, and retrieval the knowledge registered in any type of document, therefore the codification needs and decoding are connected with the information needs of a society.  We demonstrated that the classification of the scientific knowledge, throughout centuries, was reflected in the organization of society’s knowledge, and the elaboration of the documentary information, was delegated to institutions for its preservation and dissemination. We support this idea by demonstrating its clarifying value, analyzing it dialectic tension that established entries to the systems of classification and the retrieval systems, and that it determines the semiotic process called documentary representation, and makes possible the connection of codification and of decoding of the documentary information.  We concluded our work by proposing a new model of Documentary Language that takes into account the dynamics of the enunciation of codification  and  of the enunciation of decoding of the documentary information.

Knowledge organization is the study of the order, whether natural or imposed, of knowledge. As researchers in this field of science have increasingly acknowledged the importance of different epistemologies, or ways of knowing, that merit not only acceptance but investigation, I have chosen to examine how a particular artistic community describes their processes and products via historical discourse found in graffiti zines from the mid-1980s to 1990s in comparison with the overarching art community discourse as evidenced by a popular controlled vocabulary. The focus of this research project is to examine the sufficiency of vocabulary contained within the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) for use in representing concepts from the graffiti art movement.

This article discusses the criteria and methodology applied for the insertion and later development of the archaeological terminology into the Andalusian Thesaurus of the Historical Heritage (TAPH), published in 1998. Firstly, the background and precedents that gave way to the creation of such documentation language are dealt with. Secondly, we comment upon the problems encountered in the integration of the archaeological vocabulary within a thesaurus that comprises several other heritage-related disciplines such as Architecture, Ethnology or Art History. Thirdly, the significance of the TAPH five years after its publication is evaluated, with a special emphasis in the process of its implementation and computerisation within the Information System of the Andalusian Historical Heritage.

El Tesauro de Patrimonio Histórico Andaluz (TPHA) es la primera experiencia integradora de todas las disciplinas relacionadas con el Patrimonio Histórico en un único lenguaje documental. Este trabajo parte de un concepto innovador del Patrimonio Histórico que entiende al bien patrimonial en relación con el contexto en el que se desarrolla y desde una interpretación polivalente del mismo. En este sentido es un instrumento ambicioso y novedoso que permite la posibilidad de acercarse al patrimonio desde diferentes enfoques y posibilita la descripción de un mismo objeto desde distintas perspectivas disciplinares. El TPHA es un lenguaje documental capaz de facilitar el tratamiento y recuperación de la información, así como, la integración de las distintas bases de datos patrimoniales que forman el Sistema de Información del Patrimonio Histórico Andaluz. El Tesauro de Patrimonio Histórico Andaluz tiene la vocación de ser útil a todas aquellas instituciones e investigadores relacionados con el conocimiento y la sistematización de la información del Patrimonio Histórico, no sólo a nivel autonómico sino también nacional, constituyendo un instrumento capaz de adaptarse a las necesidades planteadas desde los distintos ámbitos patrimoniales.

"Werner Hüllen makes a thoughtful, well-documented, and wide-ranging case for placing Peter Mark Roget’s (1779–1869) popular, and by now iconic, Thesaurus (1852) at what he claims is an important nexus in the history of linguistics, particularly in the sub-discipline of semantics. He argues that the Thesaurus is a “pivotal point” between the pre-theoretical thinking and “practical” work on definition and meaning “during the preceding centuries of European cultural history” (p. 324) and the history of semantics post–1852. In order to connect his work on Roget to the discourse of linguistics and the history of linguistics, Hüllen begins with a plain spoken assertion: “Roget’s Thesaurus is an outstanding work of English lexicography”; he follows quickly by calling the work “a real achievement in linguistics-based lexicography”, “a dictionary of synonyms”, “a topical dictionary” and “a topical dictionary of synonyms” (1ff.). In order to support his claims, Hüllen sets himself three tasks: (1) “synonymy must be outlined as an experience of everyday linguistic behavior and in its more recent scientific conceptualizations”; (2) “the historical path of English dictionaries of synonyms must be charted” as well as (3) “the topical tradition of English lexicography” (5ff.).

This paper aims to provide a diagnosis for the election of thesaurus management software that also serves as management tool ontologies. The goal is to restructure and update the thesaurus of a legal information system-election, specifically the Federal Electoral Institute in Mexico. For this, we conducted an analysis of the prerequisites of a Web application for the maintenance and use of thesauri. We analyzed various technologies web application development, as well as guidelines and criteria provided by certain technical disciplines.

The discussion identified the following issues 1. Thesaurus use in relation to structure C The age-old question: Do we need thesauri and do they really improve retrieval? Or more precisely: Under what circumstances can a good thesaurus make what difference in retrieval and use of information? Which elements of thesaurus structure have what effects? Still more research is needed , taking into consideration improved methods in the structuring and application of thesauri C How do users interact with thesauri, seen as a function of user knowledge (for example, user knowledge of using hierarchy in searching and of specific hierarchies). This needs more research, taking into consideration the possibilities of users interacting with elctronic thesuri using improved interfaces and search possibilities C Interfaces for interacting with thesauri, especially for end users on the Web Integrated interface to multiple thesauri and other lexical resources C Behind the scenes use of thesauri to improve retrieval. A thesaurus as a knowledge base for a user-system dialog Use of thesaurus structure to support browsing C User learning from thesaurus structure. Thesaurus as a resource for users in interpreting information, for example by providing concepts and terminology of a domain unfamiliar to the user Thesaurus as an education tool generally C Effect of thesaurus structure and content on user success. Which thesaurus elements influences success C Application of thesauri to indexing very large collections, specifically the Web. Thesauri as knowledge bases for automated indexing C Use of thesauri in collection building (if the object in question cannot be indexed with the thesaurus, either the object is out of scope or the thesaurus needs to be updated) C Thesaurus structure in relation to the granularity of the objects retrieved (whole documents, small units of text, whole data tables, individual data such as property data or commodity prices) 2. Thesaurus structure and content.

В статье освещаются важнейшие результаты, достигнутые в ходе работы над проектом «Тезаурусное моделирование предметной области компьютер-

ной вирусологии с применением нейросетевых технологий для автоматизации

разработки онтологий» (РФФИ, проект No 14-06-31143). Статья направлена на описание методики графосемантического моделирования с применением интеллектуальных систем для упорядочения терминологии компьютерной вирусологии. Исследование выполнено на стыке прикладной лингвистики и информационных компьютерных технологий.

The multilingual synopsis provides 1 207 terms/concepts and
their equivalents in 11 languages. There are a total of 13 277
terms in all languages. The table is presented ‘by default’ in
English alphabetical order, but can be sorted in each language.
It is also possible to sort by microthesaurus. Each term is presented in the following languages: English (EN), Danish (DK), Dutch (NL), Estonian (ET), Finnish (FI), French (FR), German (DE), Italian (IT), Polish (PL), Portuguese (PT), and Swedish (SV). The last column of the table displays the microthesaurus to which each of the terms belongs. ETT is organised in 18 different microthesauri. Microthesaurus categories are only available in English.

Linguistic ambiguity and linguistic variations are two major problems associated with modern information retrieval systems. Handling the vocabulary problem by using a thesaurus is an ideal solution. This paper deals with the overview of methodologies suggested for the development of a thesaurus. The work further describes the approaches adopted for designing and development of a thesaurus in Nanotechnology.

El tesauro ha ido evolucionando como una herramienta de recuperación de información inestimable en los procesos de organización del conocimiento. Las designaciones terminológicas usadas para definir esa evolución no tienen un significado clarificador. En este caso la informática como disciplina que ha otorgado una funcionalidad diferente al tesauro ha impuesto su terminología, creando bastante confusión. En general, la difusión mayor para distinguir las dos grandes etapas han sido para los siguientes términos: tesauros terminológicos y tesauros conceptuales. Planteado así parecería que con la primera designación los tesauros no trabajarían con conceptos. Nada más alejado de la realidad porque en la organización del conocimiento se ha buscado desde un principio, la representación del contenido documental mediante conceptos y no los términos presentes en los documentos. A pesar de la opinión de muchos de los autores citados a lo largo de este trabajo se utilizará el término tesauros d...

Учебно-методическое пособие «Английский язык (профессиональный): моделирование тезауруса с помощью программы идентификации терминов TSBuilder» предназначено для студентов очного отделения магистратуры механико-математического факультета обучающихся по направлению 02.04.02 «Фундаментальные информационные технологии» является дополнительным к основному учебнику. Пособие направлено на обучение автоматизированной разработке электронного англо-русского словаря терминов научной предметной области «Фундаментальные информационные технологии».

The paper studies the structure of word meanings of expressive attributive lexemes in wordnet-dictionary RussNet. The adjectives in question express appraisal of objects and situations, denoted by nouns. The assessment might depend on intrinsic qualities of objects or convey subjective attitude of the speaker.

Information Retrieval (IR) covers the problems relating to the effective storage, access, searching and locating documents that are relevant for user's information need or query from large collection documents. Many techniques and tools have been developed to improve these processes. One of these tools is the thesaurus. This paper will present a tool for users to build thesauri according to their own requirements. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of how thesauri can be created automatically. The main goal is to design a comprehensive thesaurus-building tool that can be used in any specialty field. The system provides sufficient structure to represent different relationships among concepts and terms as well as to extract these relationships. In addition a thesaurus builder can also use different methods to extract terms and relation between them from document corpus. So, the system provides a set of interface functions through which the user can easily build a thesaurus.

Pollux’ Onomasticon is a Greek dictionary of the 2nd century CE. It is the first extant representative of the genre of the onomasiological dictionary in Greek. It attempts to organize the vocabulary of the Greek language into object domains and wordfields, and thus must resolve questions concerning the overall logical structure of the concepts (macrostructure) as well as the organization of the words cited under each concept (microstructure). In this paper, I examine together two devices used to produce structures in the Onomasticon: logical/descriptive categorizations, which are clearly object oriented, such as “people who construct X”, “people who use X“, “things to be found in X”, and which are used primarily to produce macrostructures; and the classification system of the parts of speech (PoS system), which is clearly word-oriented and which is used to produce microstructures. Despite the fact that these two types of categorizations are used primarily to produce structures belonging to different levels (macro- and microstructures respectively), there are cases in which they are mixed and combined on the microstructural level. I will focus on such cases and show that the combination between logical, object-oriented categories and parts of speech gives some insight into the logical importance that the parts of speech can have in an onomasiological dictionary. It can also explain a striking peculiarity in the PoS system Pollux uses, namely the regular appearance of the part of speech πράγματα (deverbal nouns) as distinctive from the part of speech ὀνόματα (nouns and adjectives).

metaphor in terminology, special knowledge transfer, computer discourse, medical discourse, pharmaceutical discourse Current development of modern information oriented society requires special attention to the process of knowledge transfer and acquisition. This claim is particularly relevant for the sphere of professional communication, where “inadequate knowledge transfer and the ensuing ambiguity in knowledge acquisition result in problems on language and conceptual levels” (Bogatikova at al. 2014). The evidence suggests that targeted language use underpins deliberate conceptual frame creation, thus, provides a solid ground for adequate special knowledge transfer (Beger 2011; Cameron 2003; Steen 2011a; Steen 2011b). Another feature of modern society is the interplay of two opposite trends: intensification and specification of separate scientific fields on the one hand, and reinforcement of interdisciplinary links on the other hand. Therefore the study of terminology that provides deep understanding and insight into the fundamental knowledge of particular field of science as well as reasoning for interdisciplinary knowledge continuity is particularly topical. Our research centered around the issue of term semantic transformation in different discourses provides evidence on both etymological and metaphorical consistency of the term virus in medical, pharmaceutical, and computer discourses. The invariability of conceptual frames of virus in the three discourses mentioned above has been proved via the implementation of Five step method (Steen 2007). Subsequently, we discuss the implication of our research for special knowledge transfer enhancement, namely deliberate term usage for framing coherent with both background and scientific knowledge of an addressee. The research is funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project number 14-06-31143) References Beger, A. Deliberate metaphors? An exploration of the choice and functions of metaphors in US-American college lectures. metaphorik.de 20/2011 Bogatikova, E., Isaeva, E, Rukavishnikova, N. Knowledge Transfer in the Scope of Transdiscursive Professional Communication. SGEM2014 Conference on Psychology and Psychiatry, Sociology and Healthcare, Education, Vol. 3, No. SGEM2014 Conference Proceedings, ISBN 978-619-7105-24-7/ ISSN 2367-5659, September 1-9, 2014, Vol. 3, 483-490 pp. (2014), pp. 483-490 pp, doi:10.5593/sgemsocial2014/B13/S3.065 Cameron, L. (2003). Metaphor in Educational Discourse, London/New York. Steen, G.J. (2007). Finding metaphor in grammar and usage: A methodological analysis of theory and research. (Converging Evidence in Language and Communication Research, Vol. 10.) Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

This paper aims to provide a diagnosis for the election of thesaurus management software that also serves as management tool ontologies. The goal is to restructure and update the thesaurus of a legal information system-election, specifically the Federal Electoral Institute in Mexico. For this, we conducted an analysis of the prerequisites of a Web application for the maintenance and use of thesauri. We analyzed various technologies web application development, as well as guidelines and criteria provided by certain technical disciplines like accessibility, usability and information architecture. We have also carried out a functional description of the main features of an application of this type, which integrates the functions of query and maintenance.

Concept analysis is perhaps the most important and certainly the most difficult task in thesaurus development. This presentation will address this task by discussing an example, the analysis and structuring of prevention concepts in the Alcohol and Other Drug Thesaurus, third edition. The completely revised structure is based on a careful analysis of the relevant literature, using facet analysis to clarify many confusions. Most concepts are defined in scope notes. Prevention concepts are often culturally and politically charged. Concept analysis can help to crystallize commonalities and differences. An international AOD (or ATOD) Thesaurus that is based on cross-cultural analysis, working out commonalities of definition and structure yet maintaining differences with clear explication, might increase comparability of research results and facilitate communication among program planners and policy makers from different countries. http://etoh.niaaa.nih.gov/AODVol1/Aodthome.htm

В статье освещаются важнейшие результаты, достигнутые в ходе работы над проектом Тезаурусное моделирование предметной области компьютерной вирусологии с применением нейросетевых технологий для автоматизации разработки онтологий (РФФИ, проект N 14-06-31143). Целью статьи является описание особенностей трансдискурсивной коммуникации специального знания с применением методики графосемантического моделирования и интеллектуальных систем для упорядочения терминологии компьютерной вирусологии. Исследование выполнено на стыке прикладной лингвистики и ИКТ.

Genetika selazimnya merupakan cabang ilmu hayati. Namun kali ini, genetika sebagai cabang ilmu yang berusaha menjelaskan materi pembawa informasi untuk diwariskan (bahan genetika), bagaimana materi pembawa informasi itu diekspresikan (ekspresi genetika), dan bagimana informasi itu dipindahkan dari satu individu ke individu yang lain (pewarisan genetika) berusaha diterapkan pada gejala pembentukan bahasa. Untuk itu, pertama-tama diuraikan kembali informasi-informasi pembentuk “gen” bahasa Indonesia, dimulai dari identitas keindonesiaan, keserumpunan bahasa-bahasa di kepulauan Asia Tenggara, dan diakhiri dengan kemungkinan merekayasa genetika bahasa Indonesia guna membentuk kerangka bahasa Indonesia yang lebih baik melalui pemilahan sinonim yang berakar dari bahasa daerah dalam tesaurus.
*Makalah pada pertemuan Tim Kecil Perevisi Tesaurus Bahasa Indonesia di Pusat Dokumentasi Sastra HB Jassin, Taman Ismail Marzuki, Jakarta Selatan, 5 Agustus 2010.