Saponin

Objective: The main objective of present study is to treat Alopecia. Alopecia areata is an unpredictable hair-loss condition. Alopecia is a dermatological disorder with psychosocial implications on patients with hair loss. Herbal systems of medicine have become increasingly popular in recent years. Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of hair diseases since antiquity. Herbs such as turmeric, fenugreek, ginger, Cyperus (Nagarmotha), and holy basil are integral parts of ayurvedic formulations. Cyperus rotundus is a well-known ayurvedic herb with purported claims of hair growth promotion. Methods: Extracts are prepared by separating the soluble matter from vegetable tissues by the application of a suitable solvent such as alcohol, water, or ether. The resultant liquid is concentrated by evaporation to obtain a liquid extract or concentrated almost to dryness to obtain the solid extract and its volatile oil. Hair formulation of C. rotundus belonging to family Cyperaceae in the form of herbal formulation (5% herbal cream and oil) was studied and it showed excellent hair growth activity with standard (2% minoxidil ethanolic solution) in Wister albino rats. Results: Hair growth initiation time was significantly reduced to half on treatment with the oil, as compared to control animals. The hair growth-promoting effect was evaluated against the control, standard, and test animals at 0, 10, 15, and 20 days with the formulated hair oil and hair cream prepared from the volatile oil extracted from the C. rotundus and the significant hair growth was observed, and the growth was compared with the standard drug used 2% solution of minoxidil. Conclusion: The results of treatment with oil were better than the positive control minoxidil 2% treatment. It holds the promise of potent herbal alternative for minoxidil.

In this study optimization of extraction conditions for saponin from Sapindus mukorossi was investigated. Results showed that polarity of the extraction solvent affects the yield percentage of the extraction process. Best yield percentage was obtained as 78.1 % at 1:10 solid-liquid ratio in aqueous ethanol solution (50% v/v). The antimicrobial properties of extracts containing saponins were investigated for different microorganisms. Minimum inhibition concentrations of extract were obtained against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of saponin extract ranged between 12.5 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL.

Objective: The review was carried out to discuss in detail about pharmacological activities of Momordica cymbalaria. Methods: Various literature collection of this plant and collection of its pharmacological actions. Results: The phytoconstituents of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, sterols, terpenoids, and saponins are present in Momordicacymbalaria. In this review evaluate the various pharmacological activities of the Momordicacymbalaria. From the literature collections the Momordica cymbalaria had the Anti-diabetic Activity, Hypolipidemic activity, Anti-diarrhoeal activity, Antiulcer activity, Neuroprotective Activity, Cardioprotective Effects, Hepatoprotective activity, Nephroprotective, Anti-Cancer Activity, Anticonvulsant activity, Anti-inflammatory activity,antiovulatory, abortifacient activity and Antimicrobial Properties. Conclusion: In this review was concluded that Momordicacymbalaria plant pharmacological literature used for further studies of this plant.

Six new triterpene glycosides, repensosides A–F (1–6, resp.), were isolated from the roots of Gypsophila
repens L. Their structures, established by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMRspectroscopi c experiments
as well as MS analyses, were found to be based on gypsogenic acid (or gypsogenin) as aglycone, with three
to nine branched or unbranched sugar moieties.

The main objective of this case study is to analyze the effect that a significant technological innovation in quinoa processing has had on the productivity of companies devoted to this activity and the impact of such an innovation on the growth and organization of the quinoa cluster in Bolivia, and its possible effects on the future. The study will explain how the boost engendered by technological innovation in quinoa processing has triggered a series of events that have allowed the establishment of an ambitious development program. The sector’s main companies and producer associations are part of this program, which is called the “Quinoa Alliance. ” The program has become a unique opportunity for agro-industrial development in the Bolivian

Mongolian licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is a pharmacologically important plant rich in flavonoids and saponins. For tissue culture, root and cotyledon explants from seedlings were used. Sterilized explants with one node were used for micropropagation. Half-strength Murasige-Skuge medium and Gamborg's B5 medium with different supplements were used for the induction of calluses and multiple shoots. Conditions for tissue culture and micropropagation of G. uralensis were determined.

Colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs), first described by Felix Sebba in his book Foams and Biliquid Foams-Aphrons in 1987, consist of a system of spherical microbubbles with diameters mostly above 25 μm and classified as kugelschaums (ball foam). They possess some colloidal properties and can be pumped at uniform rate through pipes and channels, much like liquids. Also, they have high stability due to very small size and thick surfactant shells. Research work published over the past two decades indicate effective applications of CGAs for clarification of particles and microorganisms, protein separation, gas and nutrient transfer and pollutant separation from water and soil matrices. In this review paper, the techniques for generating CGAs and their application to pollution abatement are discussed. Some mineral separation processes by CGA flotation have also been reviewed because of their relevance to contaminant removal processes. The CGAs were found to function on the principles of bubble entrained floc flotation, electrostatic and ionic interaction, diffusion of entrapped gas and hydrophobicity of the pollutant particles. Two tables have also been provided to present a comparative overview of the generation technologies and the effectiveness of pollution remediation techniques. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jctb.3691/full

Biduri plants (Calotropis gigantea L) are used as medicinal plants, namely as cough and anti-allergic medicines. Research conducted by (Suchita Siggn. 2014) shows the presence of glycoside compounds, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. then the researchers are interested in carrying out research on the identification and determination of saponin levels from the extract of the baby root (Calotropis gigantea L) by the Gravimetri method. Qualitative test was carried out by inserting 500 mg of biduri root extract (Calotropis gigantea L) into a test tube, then adding 10 ml of hot water, shaking vigorously for 10 seconds and adding HCL, then a quantitative test was carried out using the gravimetric method. Based on the results of research that has been carried out the extract of the betel root (Calotropis gigante L) positive containing saponin compounds with saponin content is 2.6% with a weight of 1.16 gram saponins using the gravimetric method

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin (SELE) are consistently expressed in the vascular endothelium. Several evidence support the crucial role of adhesion molecules in the development of atherosclerosis and plaque instability. Due to the anti-inflammatory activity of Tribulus terrestris (TT), the present study investigated the effect of aqueous extract and saponin fraction of TT on the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and SELE genes in endothelial cells during normal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human bone marrow endothelial cells (HBMEC) were cultured, stimulated by LPS, and treated with aqueous extract and saponin fraction of TT. Finally, the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and SELE genes were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. LPS-induced HUVECs and HBMECs significantly increased the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and SELE in comparison with control groups (P<0.001). Treatment of LPS-induced HUVECs and HBMECs by aqueous extract and saponin fraction of TT decreased the expression of all three mentioned genes significantly (P<0.001) in comparison with LPS-induced cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TT has an anti-inflammatory effect. In vivo study about anti-inflammatory effect of this herb may provide new insights into the development of a herbal drug for the prevention/therapy of atherosclerosis.

Saponin merupakan golongan senyawa alam yang rumit dan mempunyai masa molekul besar terdiri dari aglikon baik steroid atau triterpenoid dengan satu atau lebih rantai gula/ glikosida. Jumlah saponin dalam tanaman berbeda-beda tergantung pada umur fisiologis, kondisi agronomis dan lingkungan dalam suatu spesies. Saponin merupakan komponen senyawa yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, tetapi penggunaan dalam jumlah berlebih dapat menimbulkan efek negatif, Saponin umumnya hadir dalam akar tanaman, tetapi saponin juga ditemukan pada bagian daun tanaman. Tujuan dari narrative review untuk mengetahui tentang senyawa Saponin Pada Berbagai Tanaman, seperti pada tanaman Lidah Buaya (Aloe Vera L.), tanaman Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L), Binahong (Anredera cordifolia), dan Kamboja Merah (Plumeria rubra L.) serta Daun Inggu (Ruta angustifolia L.).
Kata kunci: Identifikasi, Saponin, Tanaman.

Objective: In recent years, the incidences of opportunistic fungal pathogens have increased and development of fungal resistance to antifungal drugs is a global concern. Therefore, it is important to identify new antifungal agents. Saponins are secondary metabolites that are found in various plant species and show antifungal activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate antifungal activity of saponin extracted from the Glycyrrhiza glabra against Candida species (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalic and Candida glabrata). Antifungal activity Quillaja saponaria total saponin (QST) was also evaluated. Methods: The roots of the plant were dried, powdered and def-fatted with petroleum ether in a soxhlet apparatus. The air dried powder was successively extracted with methanol, n-butanol and diethyl ether. The antifungal activity of the saponins was carried out using well diffusion method and also the value of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) was calculated. Clotrimazole was used a...

Mongolian licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is a pharmacologically important plant rich in flavonoids and saponins. For tissue culture, root and cotyledon explants from seedlings were used. Sterilized explants with one node were used for micropropagation. Half-strength Murasige-Skuge medium and Gamborg&#39;s B5 medium with different supplements were used for the induction of calluses and multiple shoots. Conditions for tissue culture and micropropagation of G. uralensis were determined.

Platycodin D (PD), a major saponin derived from Platycodin grandiflorum, exerted
cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cell lines (PC3, DU145 and LNCaP cells) with IC50 values in the
range of 11.17 to 26.13μmol/L, whereas RWPE-1cells (a non-malignant human prostate epithelial cell
line) were not significantly affected. A further study in these cell lines showed that PD could potently
affect cell proliferation (indicated by the bromodeoxyuridine assay), induce cell apoptosis (determined by
Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry) and cause cell cycle arrest (indicated by PI staining). After being treated with PD for 48
hours, DU145 and LNCaP cells were arrested in the G0 /G1 phase, and PC3 cells were arrested in the G2/M phase. A
Western blotting analysis indicated that PD increased the expression of the FOXO3a transcription factor, decreased the
expression of p-FOXO3a and MDM2 and increased the expression of FOXO-responsive genes, p21 and p27. MDM2
silencing (transiently by siRNA-MDM2) increased the PD-induced FOXO3a protein expression, while MDM2
overexpression (in cells transiently transfected with a pcDNA3-MDM2 plasmid) decreased the PD-induced expression of
the FOXO3a protein. Moreover, PD dose-dependently inhibited the growth of PC3 xenograft tumors in BALB/c nude
mice. A Western blotting analysis of the excised xenograft tumors indicated that similar changes in protein expression
also occurred in vivo. These results suggest that PD exhibits significant activity against prostate cancer in vitro and in
vivo. The FOXO3a transcription factor appears to be involved in the activity of PD. Together, all of these findings provide
a basis for the future development of this agent for human prostate cancer therapy.