Sulfonamide or sulfa drug is a known term used in various classes of medicines. Due to the high e... more Sulfonamide or sulfa drug is a known term used in various classes of medicines. Due to the high efficiency of sulfonamide group in various drugs candidates, it is still used as a vital moiety for the drug syntheses by the medicinal chemists. In this research, we have brominated benzenesulfonamide to get N, N-dibromobenzenesulfonamide. Furthermore, we have checked the comparative activities of both the starting sulfonamide and the brominated product. The anticholinesterase activity was determined with Ellman’s assay. α-Glucosidase inhibitory potential was determined with chromogenic assay. DPPH and ABTS free radicals were used in antioxidant assay. Both benzene sulfonamide and its brominated product showed activities in various concentrations in the in-vitro assays. The acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and& BChE) inhibitions of the brominated product were prominent, i.e., 63.98and#177;1.51% and 67.98and#177;0.07% at highest concentrations with IC50 192.89 and 120....
Based on our previous studies on cytotoxic potentials of Polygonum hydropiper L, two steroidal co... more Based on our previous studies on cytotoxic potentials of Polygonum hydropiper L, two steroidal compounds beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol were isolated from the most active fraction and were subjected to cell lines cytotoxicity. Isolated compounds were tested against HeLa, MCF-7 and NIH/3T3 cell lines following MTT assay. Furthermore, the compounds were also docked against tyrosine kinase enzyme to predict the binding mode of phytosterols in the active sites of the enzyme. Beta-sitosterol exhibited considerable cytotoxicity against NIH/3T3, HeLa and MCF-7 cell with 67.05 ± 2.08, 79.63 ± 2.34 and 71.50 ± 1.57% lethality respectively at 1 mg/ml concentration. Median inhibitory concentrations calculated from dose response curve against NIH/3T3, HeLa and MCF-7 cells were 440, 170 and 200 µg/ml respectively. Stigmasterol was more effective against MCF-7 and NIH/3T3 cells by killing 87.50 and 81.45% cancerous cells respectively at 1 mg/ml concentration. Stigmasterol showed 77.25% cyctotoxicity against HeLA cells at 1 mg/ml concentration in MTT assay. The IC values for HeLA, MCF-7 and NIH/3T3 cells were 170, 60 and 140 µg/ml respectively. In docking studies, the docking score for beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol were -7.266 and -4.89 respectively. The binding energies for beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol were -41.21 and -41.04 respectively. Such lower binding energies indicate that the compounds fit into the active site more strongly. Binding affinities for both compounds were -7.76 and -7.68 respectively. Both phytosterols possess significant anticancer potentials and can be effective in the prevention and treatment of several malignancies.
We investigated antioxidant, antibacterial potentials and secondary metabolites of Chenopodium bo... more We investigated antioxidant, antibacterial potentials and secondary metabolites of Chenopodium botrys aerial parts to rationalize its effectiveness in free radicals induced disorders and infectious diseases. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts were investigated using DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging assays. Antibacterial potential was studied using well diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis was performed for the presence of secondary metabolites. In DPPH assay chloroform fraction (CHF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and n-hexane fraction (NHF) were most active causing average inhibition of 65.9, 59.2 and 55.9% at concentration of 1mg/ml with IC50 values of 140, 30 and 590 μgml respectively. EAF, CHF and aqueous fraction (AQF) revealed highest scavenging effect against ABTS free radicals causing 85.46, 82.73 and 68.80% inhibition with of IC50 of 75, 94 and 530 μg/ml respectively. In antibacterial assay, CHF was found most effective against S. aureus presenting an inhibitor...
BMC complementary and alternative medicine, Jan 30, 2017
Since long, natural sources have been explored for possible managements of various diseases. In t... more Since long, natural sources have been explored for possible managements of various diseases. In this context, the study is designed to evaluate Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth for biological potentials including antibacterial, anthelmintic, insecticidal, anti-termites and anti-Pharaoh activities followed by GC-MS analysis of active fraction to identify various bioactive compounds. I. rugosus was investigated against eight bacterial strains using well diffusion method and microdilution method with ceftriaxone as positive control. Similarly, the insecticidal activity was carried out against Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica, Monomorium pharaonis and Heterotermis indicola following contact toxicity method. Likewise, anthelmintic activity was performed against Ascaridia galli and Pherethima posthuma using albendazole as positive control, in which the paralysis and death times of the worms were observed. The GC-MS analysis of the most active solvent fraction was performed for ident...
Cancer, being the foremost challenge of the modern era and the focus of world-class investigators... more Cancer, being the foremost challenge of the modern era and the focus of world-class investigators, gargantuan research is in progress worldwide to explore novel therapeutic for its management. The exploitation of natural sources has been proven to be an excellent approach to treat or minify the excessive angiogenesis and proliferation of cells. Similarly, based the ethnomedicinal uses and literature survey, the current study is designed to explore the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic potentials of Rumex hastatus. Anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities were carried out using potato-disc model and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay respectively. Moreover, R. hastatus was also assessed for antibacterial activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens (tumor causing bacterial strain). The positive controls used in anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and antibacterial activities were vincristine sulphate, dexamethasone and cefotaxime respectively. The crude saponins (Rh.Sp), methanolic extract (Rh...
This study was designed to investigate antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential of Iris germa... more This study was designed to investigate antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential of Iris germanica var; florentina. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory potential of plant samples were investigated by Ellman's assay. Antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH, H2O2 and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. Total phenolics and flavonoids contents were expressed in mg GAE/g dry weight and mg RTE/g, respectively. In AChE inhibition assay, Ig.Fl, Ig.Sp and Ig.Cf fractions exhibited highest activity with IC50 values of…
Based on the ethnomedicinal uses and the effective outcomes of natural products in various diseas... more Based on the ethnomedicinal uses and the effective outcomes of natural products in various diseases, this study was designed to evaluate Isodon rugosus as possible remedy in oxidative stress, alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Acetylecholinestrase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of crude methanolic extract (Ir.Cr), resultant fractions (n-hexane (Ir.Hex), chloroform (Ir.Cf), ethyl acetate (Ir.EtAc), aqueous (Ir.Aq)), flavonoids (Ir.Flv) and crude saponins (Ir.Sp) of I. rugosus were investigated using Ellman's spectrophotometric method. Antioxidant potential of I. rugosus was determined using DPPH, H2O2 and ABTS free radicals scavenging assays. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents of plant extracts were determined and expressed in mg GAE/g dry weight and mg RTE/g of dry sample respectively. Among different fractions Ir.Flv and Ir.Cf exhibited highest inhibitory activity against AChE (87.44 ± 0.51, 83.73 ± 0.64%) and BChE (82.53 ± ...
The family Polygonaceae is known for its traditional use in the management of various neurologica... more The family Polygonaceae is known for its traditional use in the management of various neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In search of new anti-AD drugs, β-sitosterol isolated from Polygonum hydropiper was subjected to in vitro, in vivo, behavioral and molecular docking studies to confirm its possibility as a potential anti-Alzheimer's agent. The in vitro AChE, BChE inhibitory potentials of β-sitosterol were investigated following Ellman's assay. The antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 assays. Behavioral studies were performed on a sub-strain of transgenic mice using shallow water maze (SWM), Y-maze and balance beam tests. β-sitosterol was tested for in vivo inhibitory potentials against cholinesterase's and free radicals in the frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (HC). The molecular docking study was performed to predict the binding mode of β-sitosterol in the active sites of AChE and BChE as inhibitor. Considerable in vi...
Transition metal sulfide nanoparticles are a source of attraction for different applications, esp... more Transition metal sulfide nanoparticles are a source of attraction for different applications, especially in optoelectronics and catalysis, however, their uses in biomedicine are not well explored. To fill this vacuum, we have reported the different physical properties and biological applications of ZnS, MnS and NiS nanoparticles synthesized by a single precursor-based route. Techniques like p-XRD, UV–Vis, TEM and TGA were used to establish their physical properties, whereas, there in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxic and hemolytic potential were studied. XRD pattern revealed a single pure phase and sharp peaks owing to the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. TEM images indicated a different morphology (spherical to cube like) while the size of the nanoparticles was in the order of ZnS (6.5 nm) < MnS (13–24 nm) < NiS (50–90 nm). Antimicrobial potential was established using well-diffusion assay across different concentrations (250 µg/mL to 4 mg/mL). It was observed that the MnS nanoparticles inhibited all of the bacterial strains in the up to 500 µg/mL, however, at 250 µg/mL, 7 and 6.5 mm inhibition zones were revealed for B. subtilis and E. coli, respectively, while the other strains revealed no susceptibility. NiS nanoparticles inhibited S. epidermidis across all the tested concentrations and revealed inhibitory zones from 10 to 6.5 mm across 4 mg/mL to 250 µg/mL. As compared to the antibacterial properties, it was observed that the metal sulfides revealed excellent antifungal potential. All of the tested fungal strains revealed zones of inhibition across the tested concentrations of MnS, NiS and ZnS. Furthermore, the highest concentration i.e. 4 mg/mL revealed high potency then positive control in some cases for example the NiS revealed zone of 20 mm as compared to the 13 mm of antibiotic for A. niger. DPPH free radical scavenging potential was found as MnS-NPs > NiS-NPs > ZnS-NPs. Brine shrimp lethality and hemolysis assays revealed cytotoxic and hemolytic nature which decreased in a dose dependent manner. Our insights into the application of metal sulfide nanoparticles reveals promises, however, we strongly encourage studies on the mechanistic aspects as well as their toxicity in vivo.
Foodborne diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in low-inco... more Foodborne diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in low-income countries with poor sanitation and inadequate healthcare facilities. The foremost bacterial pathogens responsible for global outbreaks include Salmonella species, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Vibrio, Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium botulinum. Among the viral and parasitic pathogens, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Giardia lamblia, Trichinella spiralis, Toxoplasma and Entamoeba histolytica are commonly associated with foodborne diseases. The toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens also cause these infections. The currently available therapies for these infections are associated with various limited efficacy, high cost and side-effects. There is an urgent need for effective alternative therapies for the prevention and treatment of foodborne diseases. Several plant extracts and phytochemicals were found to be hig...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive inability manifested due to the accumu... more Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive inability manifested due to the accumulation of β-amyloid, formation of hyper phosphorylated neurofibrillary tangles, and a malfunctioned cholinergic system. The degeneration integrity of the neuronal network can appear long after the onset of the disease. Nanotechnology-based interventions have opened an exciting area via theranostics of AD in terms of tailored nanomedicine, which are able to target and deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The exciting interface existing between medicinal plants and nanotechnology is an emerging marvel in medicine, which has delivered promising results in the treatment of AD. In order to assess the potential applications of the medicinal plants, their derived components, and various nanomedicinal approaches, a review of literature was deemed as necessary. In the present review, numerous phytochemicals and various feats in nanomedicine for the treatment of AD have been discuss...
Sulfonamide or sulfa drug is a known term used in various classes of medicines. Due to the high e... more Sulfonamide or sulfa drug is a known term used in various classes of medicines. Due to the high efficiency of sulfonamide group in various drugs candidates, it is still used as a vital moiety for the drug syntheses by the medicinal chemists. In this research, we have brominated benzenesulfonamide to get N, N-dibromobenzenesulfonamide. Furthermore, we have checked the comparative activities of both the starting sulfonamide and the brominated product. The anticholinesterase activity was determined with Ellman’s assay. α-Glucosidase inhibitory potential was determined with chromogenic assay. DPPH and ABTS free radicals were used in antioxidant assay. Both benzene sulfonamide and its brominated product showed activities in various concentrations in the in-vitro assays. The acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and& BChE) inhibitions of the brominated product were prominent, i.e., 63.98and#177;1.51% and 67.98and#177;0.07% at highest concentrations with IC50 192.89 and 120....
Based on our previous studies on cytotoxic potentials of Polygonum hydropiper L, two steroidal co... more Based on our previous studies on cytotoxic potentials of Polygonum hydropiper L, two steroidal compounds beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol were isolated from the most active fraction and were subjected to cell lines cytotoxicity. Isolated compounds were tested against HeLa, MCF-7 and NIH/3T3 cell lines following MTT assay. Furthermore, the compounds were also docked against tyrosine kinase enzyme to predict the binding mode of phytosterols in the active sites of the enzyme. Beta-sitosterol exhibited considerable cytotoxicity against NIH/3T3, HeLa and MCF-7 cell with 67.05 ± 2.08, 79.63 ± 2.34 and 71.50 ± 1.57% lethality respectively at 1 mg/ml concentration. Median inhibitory concentrations calculated from dose response curve against NIH/3T3, HeLa and MCF-7 cells were 440, 170 and 200 µg/ml respectively. Stigmasterol was more effective against MCF-7 and NIH/3T3 cells by killing 87.50 and 81.45% cancerous cells respectively at 1 mg/ml concentration. Stigmasterol showed 77.25% cyctotoxicity against HeLA cells at 1 mg/ml concentration in MTT assay. The IC values for HeLA, MCF-7 and NIH/3T3 cells were 170, 60 and 140 µg/ml respectively. In docking studies, the docking score for beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol were -7.266 and -4.89 respectively. The binding energies for beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol were -41.21 and -41.04 respectively. Such lower binding energies indicate that the compounds fit into the active site more strongly. Binding affinities for both compounds were -7.76 and -7.68 respectively. Both phytosterols possess significant anticancer potentials and can be effective in the prevention and treatment of several malignancies.
We investigated antioxidant, antibacterial potentials and secondary metabolites of Chenopodium bo... more We investigated antioxidant, antibacterial potentials and secondary metabolites of Chenopodium botrys aerial parts to rationalize its effectiveness in free radicals induced disorders and infectious diseases. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts were investigated using DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging assays. Antibacterial potential was studied using well diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis was performed for the presence of secondary metabolites. In DPPH assay chloroform fraction (CHF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and n-hexane fraction (NHF) were most active causing average inhibition of 65.9, 59.2 and 55.9% at concentration of 1mg/ml with IC50 values of 140, 30 and 590 μgml respectively. EAF, CHF and aqueous fraction (AQF) revealed highest scavenging effect against ABTS free radicals causing 85.46, 82.73 and 68.80% inhibition with of IC50 of 75, 94 and 530 μg/ml respectively. In antibacterial assay, CHF was found most effective against S. aureus presenting an inhibitor...
BMC complementary and alternative medicine, Jan 30, 2017
Since long, natural sources have been explored for possible managements of various diseases. In t... more Since long, natural sources have been explored for possible managements of various diseases. In this context, the study is designed to evaluate Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth for biological potentials including antibacterial, anthelmintic, insecticidal, anti-termites and anti-Pharaoh activities followed by GC-MS analysis of active fraction to identify various bioactive compounds. I. rugosus was investigated against eight bacterial strains using well diffusion method and microdilution method with ceftriaxone as positive control. Similarly, the insecticidal activity was carried out against Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica, Monomorium pharaonis and Heterotermis indicola following contact toxicity method. Likewise, anthelmintic activity was performed against Ascaridia galli and Pherethima posthuma using albendazole as positive control, in which the paralysis and death times of the worms were observed. The GC-MS analysis of the most active solvent fraction was performed for ident...
Cancer, being the foremost challenge of the modern era and the focus of world-class investigators... more Cancer, being the foremost challenge of the modern era and the focus of world-class investigators, gargantuan research is in progress worldwide to explore novel therapeutic for its management. The exploitation of natural sources has been proven to be an excellent approach to treat or minify the excessive angiogenesis and proliferation of cells. Similarly, based the ethnomedicinal uses and literature survey, the current study is designed to explore the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic potentials of Rumex hastatus. Anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities were carried out using potato-disc model and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay respectively. Moreover, R. hastatus was also assessed for antibacterial activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens (tumor causing bacterial strain). The positive controls used in anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and antibacterial activities were vincristine sulphate, dexamethasone and cefotaxime respectively. The crude saponins (Rh.Sp), methanolic extract (Rh...
This study was designed to investigate antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential of Iris germa... more This study was designed to investigate antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential of Iris germanica var; florentina. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory potential of plant samples were investigated by Ellman&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s assay. Antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH, H2O2 and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. Total phenolics and flavonoids contents were expressed in mg GAE/g dry weight and mg RTE/g, respectively. In AChE inhibition assay, Ig.Fl, Ig.Sp and Ig.Cf fractions exhibited highest activity with IC50 values of…
Based on the ethnomedicinal uses and the effective outcomes of natural products in various diseas... more Based on the ethnomedicinal uses and the effective outcomes of natural products in various diseases, this study was designed to evaluate Isodon rugosus as possible remedy in oxidative stress, alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Acetylecholinestrase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of crude methanolic extract (Ir.Cr), resultant fractions (n-hexane (Ir.Hex), chloroform (Ir.Cf), ethyl acetate (Ir.EtAc), aqueous (Ir.Aq)), flavonoids (Ir.Flv) and crude saponins (Ir.Sp) of I. rugosus were investigated using Ellman's spectrophotometric method. Antioxidant potential of I. rugosus was determined using DPPH, H2O2 and ABTS free radicals scavenging assays. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents of plant extracts were determined and expressed in mg GAE/g dry weight and mg RTE/g of dry sample respectively. Among different fractions Ir.Flv and Ir.Cf exhibited highest inhibitory activity against AChE (87.44 ± 0.51, 83.73 ± 0.64%) and BChE (82.53 ± ...
The family Polygonaceae is known for its traditional use in the management of various neurologica... more The family Polygonaceae is known for its traditional use in the management of various neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In search of new anti-AD drugs, β-sitosterol isolated from Polygonum hydropiper was subjected to in vitro, in vivo, behavioral and molecular docking studies to confirm its possibility as a potential anti-Alzheimer's agent. The in vitro AChE, BChE inhibitory potentials of β-sitosterol were investigated following Ellman's assay. The antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 assays. Behavioral studies were performed on a sub-strain of transgenic mice using shallow water maze (SWM), Y-maze and balance beam tests. β-sitosterol was tested for in vivo inhibitory potentials against cholinesterase's and free radicals in the frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (HC). The molecular docking study was performed to predict the binding mode of β-sitosterol in the active sites of AChE and BChE as inhibitor. Considerable in vi...
Transition metal sulfide nanoparticles are a source of attraction for different applications, esp... more Transition metal sulfide nanoparticles are a source of attraction for different applications, especially in optoelectronics and catalysis, however, their uses in biomedicine are not well explored. To fill this vacuum, we have reported the different physical properties and biological applications of ZnS, MnS and NiS nanoparticles synthesized by a single precursor-based route. Techniques like p-XRD, UV–Vis, TEM and TGA were used to establish their physical properties, whereas, there in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxic and hemolytic potential were studied. XRD pattern revealed a single pure phase and sharp peaks owing to the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. TEM images indicated a different morphology (spherical to cube like) while the size of the nanoparticles was in the order of ZnS (6.5 nm) < MnS (13–24 nm) < NiS (50–90 nm). Antimicrobial potential was established using well-diffusion assay across different concentrations (250 µg/mL to 4 mg/mL). It was observed that the MnS nanoparticles inhibited all of the bacterial strains in the up to 500 µg/mL, however, at 250 µg/mL, 7 and 6.5 mm inhibition zones were revealed for B. subtilis and E. coli, respectively, while the other strains revealed no susceptibility. NiS nanoparticles inhibited S. epidermidis across all the tested concentrations and revealed inhibitory zones from 10 to 6.5 mm across 4 mg/mL to 250 µg/mL. As compared to the antibacterial properties, it was observed that the metal sulfides revealed excellent antifungal potential. All of the tested fungal strains revealed zones of inhibition across the tested concentrations of MnS, NiS and ZnS. Furthermore, the highest concentration i.e. 4 mg/mL revealed high potency then positive control in some cases for example the NiS revealed zone of 20 mm as compared to the 13 mm of antibiotic for A. niger. DPPH free radical scavenging potential was found as MnS-NPs > NiS-NPs > ZnS-NPs. Brine shrimp lethality and hemolysis assays revealed cytotoxic and hemolytic nature which decreased in a dose dependent manner. Our insights into the application of metal sulfide nanoparticles reveals promises, however, we strongly encourage studies on the mechanistic aspects as well as their toxicity in vivo.
Foodborne diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in low-inco... more Foodborne diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in low-income countries with poor sanitation and inadequate healthcare facilities. The foremost bacterial pathogens responsible for global outbreaks include Salmonella species, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Vibrio, Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium botulinum. Among the viral and parasitic pathogens, norovirus, hepatitis A virus, Giardia lamblia, Trichinella spiralis, Toxoplasma and Entamoeba histolytica are commonly associated with foodborne diseases. The toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens also cause these infections. The currently available therapies for these infections are associated with various limited efficacy, high cost and side-effects. There is an urgent need for effective alternative therapies for the prevention and treatment of foodborne diseases. Several plant extracts and phytochemicals were found to be hig...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive inability manifested due to the accumu... more Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive inability manifested due to the accumulation of β-amyloid, formation of hyper phosphorylated neurofibrillary tangles, and a malfunctioned cholinergic system. The degeneration integrity of the neuronal network can appear long after the onset of the disease. Nanotechnology-based interventions have opened an exciting area via theranostics of AD in terms of tailored nanomedicine, which are able to target and deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The exciting interface existing between medicinal plants and nanotechnology is an emerging marvel in medicine, which has delivered promising results in the treatment of AD. In order to assess the potential applications of the medicinal plants, their derived components, and various nanomedicinal approaches, a review of literature was deemed as necessary. In the present review, numerous phytochemicals and various feats in nanomedicine for the treatment of AD have been discuss...
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