REDD

This training manual shares hands-on experiences from field programs and presents the essential practical and theoretical steps, methods and tools to estimate the opportunity costs of REDD+ at the national level. REDD stands for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation. REDD+ additionally includes conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of carbon stocks in developing countries. The manual addresses the calculation of costs and benefits of the various land use alternatives in relation to their carbon stocks and the identification of economic trade-offs involved in REDD+ activities. As required data are generally not readily available, the manual also includes information on data collection, analysis and evaluation techniques. http://wbi.worldbank.org/wbi/Data/wbi/wbicms/files/drupal-acquia/wbi/OppCostsREDD+manual.pdf

(Mémoire de fin d'études, pas Thèse de doctorat)

Le programme REDD (Réduction des Émission dues à la Déforestation et à la Dégradation des sols) a pour but déclaré de protéger les poumons verts de la Terre (Amazonie, forêt du Bassin du Congo et forêt indonésienne) par la mise en place de la compensation carbone (sic). La place des peuples indigènes est centrale dans cette bataille contre les fausses solutions aux changements climatiques.

Recently concerns have been raised regarding the potential for the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) framework to recentralize forests, potentially setting back efforts to institute localized and decentralized forms of natural resource management. Here, I apply a political ecology approach to consider access and exclusion to land and natural resources in the contexts of three emerging REDD projects in Cambodia and Laos. I argue that each represents either a partial, incomplete, or so far unfulfilled—but nevertheless useful—example of efforts to use REDD to strengthen local resource tenure. Thus, it is possible to
envision how REDD could be utilized to leverage decentralized forest tenure, even if such a reality seems far away at present.

... 7 to a lesser extent, coastal species is deteriorating faster than that of species in other ... consider ways of addressing REDD, and notes that effective actions to reduce deforestation could be a ... adapt to climate change, and notes that mitigation and adaptation activities can be done ...

Assemblage approaches are increasingly being used to understand new socio-natural formations arising in relation to the multiple crises of capitalism, climate change and environmental degradation. The valuation of nature is key to these new formations, which the creation of new 'valued entities', through calculative practices, that can be accounted for, costed and circulated in monetised and financialised forms in order to ostensibly 'fix' certain environmental outcomes in relation to contemporary global crisis. This paper uses an assemblage approach in relation to the global' transnational project of carbon forestry offsetting and REDD+ in a particular place, Uganda, arguing that it has utility in this respect. While Uganda has been named by Lang and Byakola (2005) as a 'funny place to store carbon' due to its contested land politics and history of violence its weak governance context paradoxically re-enforces the imperative for intervention. The paper argues that carbon forestry assemblages are inherently ephemeral and fundamentally contested in three ways: exhibiting a speculative virtuality, faltering materiality and disputed territoriality. Such analysis has the ability to go beyond technical and managerial, or solely pollical economic critiques of carbon forestry, to point at openings for alternatives.

Dual-polarised ALOS/PALSAR mosaic data were utilised in this study to provide information on forest cover change, activity data, and spatially explicit aboveground biomass estimates in support of REDD+ readiness processes implemented in Victoria-Anepahan mountain range, Palawan, Philippines. Ground-truthed data was used for forest/non-forest classification. Forest inventory plots of variable sizes were used to investigate the relationship of radar backscatter and ground-estimated aboveground biomass. Overall classification accuracies at 87.28% and 91.60% were achieved using the support vector machine classifier for the 2007 and 2010 PALSAR data, respectively. Results showed that a total of 4,864.24 ha of forests were converted to other land uses within the study area in a span of four years. R-squared correlation of radar backscatter to biomass was observed to be higher at 1.0 ha plot sizes for the combination of radar channels consisting of HV polarisation, HH/HV ratio, and contras...

Even as millions of rural workers have organized into agrarian movements, their efforts to benefit from progressive social mobilizations often fail. To understand how agrarian movements can overcome these difficulties, this contribution acknowledges a dilemma central to all agrarian movements: As their members create ties to land they necessarily confront new forms of exclusion. We discuss this exclusionary land dilemma, with a focus on Sumatra's agrarian reactionaries as an elite class possessing a potent exclusionary force that seeks to erase agrarian movement legitimacy and block rural workers' mobilizations to reclaim and occupy land. We trace these agrarian reactionaries' public life across a state-corporate-criminal apparatus and their repression of two agrarian movement mobilizations. We find agrarian reactionaries' actions offer a partial explanation for the still-limited gains of Sumatra's rural workers' movements. Agrarian reactionaries legitimize their exclusions with nativist, ethno-territorial ideas that co-opt indigenous rights claims. In response, laborers and agriculturalists are now refining a more inclusive land politics - one of greater unifying influence that does not depend upon claims of indigeneity - to overcome reactionary repression.

This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation and mapping through high-resolution optical satellite imagery (≤5 m spatial resolution). Based on the literature review, 44 peer-reviewed journal articles were published in 15 years (2004–2019). Twenty-one studies were conducted in Asia, eight in North America and Africa, five in South America, and four in Europe. This review article gives a glance at the published methodologies for AGB prediction modeling and validation. The literature review suggested that, along with the integration of other sensors, QuickBird, WorldView-2, and IKONOS satellite images were most widely used for AGB estimations, with higher estimation accuracies. All studies were grouped into six satellite-derived independent variables, including tree crown, image textures, tree shadow fraction, canopy height, vegetation indices, and multiple variables. Using these satellite-derived independent variables, most of th...

ABSTRACT Using an ecofeminist critical analysis, this paper examines the extent to which two forest related ‘payments for ecosystem services’ (PES) schemes maintain a mainstream anti-nature and exploitative conceptualization of human/nature relationships. It does so by integrating various ecofeminist themes to analyse the two PES schemes and to assess the extent to which they can protect women and nature while marketizing and commodifying the environment. The author examines the justifications for integrating PES into a green economy, including the proposed benefits resulting from the implementation of PES, and safeguards ensuring the inclusion and participation of local communities. The author concludes that an ecofeminist examination highlights the inherently exploitative nature of PES and its continuation of the currently exploitative free market paradigm.

Este estudio se enfocó en el análisis del cambio de uso y cobertura del suelo y la identificación de áreas potenciales para la aplicación del Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio (MDL) y proyectos de Reducción de Emisiones de Carbono Derivadas de la Deforestación y Degradación Forestal (REDD) en el municipio de Riberalta, Amazonía Boliviana.
Mediante la aplicación de análisis de Percepción Remota y Sistemas de Información Geográfica se encontró que entre 1986 y 2011 1,141.46 km2 de la superficie municipal mostró cambios de uso y coberturas de suelo originales a nooriginales. Un total de 415.28 km2 de coberturas son disponibles para actividades de reforestación, mientras solo 57.13
km2 de esta superficie efectivamente tiene potencial para la implementación de proyectos MDL. También se identificó 7,200.81 km2 como potenciales para la aplicación de proyectos REDD. Existe un potencial considerable de áreas para la implementación concreta de proyectos MDL y REDD en este municipio, y estos representan una valiosa oportunidad para establecer pagos por servicios ambientales.

This paper examines unique opportunities provided by international discourses and practices of the Green Economy approach and valuation of ecosystem services (as promoted under the international climate change regime) on the sustainable management of indigenous forests and lands in Peru. It examines the influence of epistemological changes prompted by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on the improved understanding and conceptualization of the role of forests and sound natural resource management; and how these changes at the international level have positively impacted traditional land rights in Peru.1 It also analyses how increased development and financing of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) processes and projects have enhanced the incorporation of interculturality into indigenous peoples’ public policy in Peru.

The Conference of the Parties (COP) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) invites developing countries aiming to undertake REDD+ activities to provide a number of strategic documents. Indonesia accepts the invitation to submit proposed national forest reference emission level (FREL) for deforestation and forest degradation in the context of results-based payments for activities relating to REDD+. The FREL in this publication attempts to improve the previous FRELs, which was developed under three initiatives (Second National Communication/SNC, REDD+ Agency/RA, and Ministry of Forestry/MoFor) and fulfill the COP requirements by following the guidance for technical assessment and adopting principals on transparency, accuracy, completeness and consistency .....

This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation and mapping through high-resolution optical satellite imagery (≤5 m spatial resolution). Based on the literature review, 44 peer-reviewed journal articles were published in 15 years (2004–2019). Twenty-one studies were conducted in Asia, eight in North America and Africa, five in South America, and four in Europe. This review article gives a glance at the published methodologies for AGB prediction modeling and validation. The literature review suggested that, along with the integration of other sensors, QuickBird, WorldView-2, and IKONOS satellite images were most widely used for AGB estimations, with higher estimation accuracies. All studies were grouped into six satellite-derived independent variables, including tree crown, image textures, tree shadow fraction, canopy height, vegetation indices, and multiple variables. Using these satellite-derived independent variables, most of th...

“REDD+” is a mechanism created under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for Reducing {carbon} Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation and forest enhancement. In addition, REDD+ “safeguards” are intended to protect non-carbon forest values. While REDD+ countries are formally requested to provide information on safeguards, there is as yet no agreement on the relative priority of carbon versus non-carbon values, and the appropriate level of safeguard standardization.This, we argue, has allowed REDD+ to function as a “boundary object” spanning disparate priorities. Meanwhile, the contestation of these priorities has been displaced from intergovernmental processes to the various organizations involved in operationalizing REDD+ activities. This article applies a set of organizational, substantive and conceptual typologies to compare differences in the balance of actors, interests and ideas across these organizations. It finds that multi-lateral funding programs have drawn heavily on existing safeguards for international aid, while private certification schemes have specialized in different niche priorities at the project level. In regards to the substance of safeguard requirements, the involvement of donors and investors appears correlated with a stronger emphasis on carbon and risk mitigation while greater NGO involvement and the decoupling of safeguards design from REDD+ funding appear correlated with greater emphasis on social rights and benefits.These findings have several critical implications for future REDD+ activities. Firstly, the choice of organizations involved in defining, funding and verifying safeguard activities, and the balance of actors in their governing structures, are likely to influence the relative emphasis on non-carbon values. Secondly, a diversity of approaches to disbursing REDD+ incentives may be necessary to maintain widespread support for REDD+. Thirdly, it remains to be seen whether REDD+ will remain a boundary object if it transitions to a national-level, performance based system where the design and enforcement of safeguards competes directly with financial compensation for measurable emissions reductions.► Safeguards enable REDD+ to gain support as a “boundary object” meaning different things to different actors. ► These different meanings are reflected in different approaches to safeguards. ► Donor involvement is correlated with an emphasis on carbon and managing risk, while NGOs emphasize non-carbon values. ► The decoupling of safeguards from funding requirements appears correlated with a greater emphasis on non-carbon values. ► The involvement of a diversity of organizations in operationalizing REDD+ may be necessary to maintain widespread support.

Addressing the global challenges of climate change, food security, and poverty alleviation requires enhancing the adaptive capacity and mitigation potential of agricultural landscapes across the tropics. However, adaptation and mitigation activities tend to be approached separately due to a variety of technical, political, financial, and socioeconomic constraints. Here, we demonstrate that many tropical agricultural systems can provide both mitigation and adaptation benefits if they are designed and managed appropriately and if the larger landscape context is considered. Many of the activities needed for adaptation and mitigation in tropical agricultural landscapes are the same needed for sustainable agriculture more generally, but thinking at the landscape scale opens a new dimension for achieving synergies. Intentional integration of adaptation and mitigation activities in agricultural landscapes offers significant benefits that go beyond the scope of climate change to food securi...

This publication is by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit through the Climate- relevant Modernization of Forest Policy and Piloting of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) Project in the Philippines, funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) under its International Climate Initiative. The BMU supports this Initiative based on a decision of the German Parliament. For more information see http://www.international-climate-initiative.com. This study has been implemented by Fauna & Flora International in collaboration with the UNDP/GEF- funded NewCAPP, which cofinanced the field work for the biodiversity survey in Mt. Nacolod.

La bioprospection, les Paiements pour Services Environnementaux (PSE) et les mecanismes REDD renvoient a la promesse que les mecanismes de marche sont les mieux a meme de realiser les objectifs de conservation de l'environnement. En reprenant l’idee « d’economie de la promesse » (avancee par differents chercheurs en STS a propos de l'innovation technologique) et en l’adaptant a l’innovation institutionnelle et politique, on veut analyser ces mecanismes dans leur dimension rhetorique, dans leur performativite et dans leur mise en oeuvre. L'idee que l'on defend est que ces mecanismes sont plus importants par leurs effets performatifs - notamment leurs ancrages dans les institutions et les transformations neoliberales de ces dernieres - que par leur mise en oeuvre concrete, souvent difficile. Tres loin de l'ideal de marche sur la base duquel ils sont promus, ces mecanismes reposent sur des marchandises pour le moins fuyantes et necessitent des arrangements instituti...

Models to assist management of lowland forests in Tanzania are in most cases lacking. Using a sample of 60 trees which were destructively harvested from both dry and wet lowland forests of Dindili in Morogoro Region (30 trees) and Rondo in Lindi Region (30 trees), respectively, this study developed site specific and general models for estimating total tree volume and aboveground biomass. Specifically the study developed (i) height-diameter (ht-dbh) models for trees found in the two sites, (ii) total, merchantable, and branches volume models, and (iii) total and sectional aboveground biomass models of trees found in the two study sites. The findings show that site specific ht-dbh model appears to be suitable in estimating treeheightsince the tree allometry was found to differ significantly between studied forests. The developed general volume models yielded unbiased mean prediction error and hence can adequately be applied to estimate tree volume in dry and wet lowland forests in Tan...