PI Controller

The power system network is becoming more complex nowadays and it is very difficult to maintain the stability of the system. Today's enhancement of technology makes it possible to include new energy storage devices in the electric power system. In addition, with the aid of power electronic devices, it is possible to independently exchange active and reactive power flow with

Abstract—This paper reports on the control structure of the pneumatic biped Lucy. The robot is actuated with pleated pneumatic artificial muscles, which have interesting characteristics that can be exploited for legged machines. They have a high power to weight ratio, an ...

In islanding operating mode of microgrid, the voltage and frequency of system must be maintained by the microgrid, or else the system will crumble due to the characteristics of different distributed generators (DG) utilized in microgrid. The voltage and frequency lost provision when main grid is disconnected. This paper presents PI controller based voltage controller to regulate voltage to its normal condition. The controller is proposed to be utilized individually with each distributed generator (DG) in microgrid. The controller compares inverter output voltage with voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) and its output is feed to PWM pulse generator to generate appropriate pulses for inverter to regulate voltage to its nominal value. The simulation results of proposed system are shown using MATLAB/Simulink platform.

This manuscript deals with the simulation of DC-DC Zeta converter for high power drive application with greater efficiency, lesser losses and power factor correction. It involves simpler control circuitry with less external components. The explanation of Fundamental function of Zeta converter is given in this paper. To condense the harmonic content the PI, PID and Fuzzy Logic controller are used. The operation of Zeta converter in open loop, closed loop is obtained. Closed loop system of zeta converter proves better performance over open loop system. Open and closed loop circuits are simulated by using MATLAB simulink. By giving disturbance in closed loop and open loop systems, feat of Zeta converter is compared

In this paper the analytical comparison of brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive with proportional integral (PI) and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based speed controllers is estimated. Proportional integral (PI) has disadvantages like it do not operate properly when the system has a high degree of load disturbances. In recent years, the application of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for high dynamic performance of motor drives has become an important tool. FLC is a good for load disturbances and can be easily implemented. The modeling and simulation of both the speed controllers have been made by MATLAB/SIMULINK. The dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (speed and torque) response, obtained under PI and Fuzzy logic based speed controller, are compared for various operating condition [1]. 1. INTRODUCTION BLDC motor is defined as a type of self-synchronous rotary motor controlled by electronic commutation unlike DC motors have mechanical commutator. So BLDC motors do not have brushes but D...

This paper introduces a neuro-fuzzy controller (NFC) for the speed control of a PMSM. A four layer neural network (NN) is used to adjust input and output parameters of membership functions in a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The back propagation learning algorithm is used for training this network. The performance of the proposed controller is verified by both simulations and

Transmission of electrical power through High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) has attracted the attention of several researchers in recent years. For satisfactory power transfer through an HVDC link, the interaction between ac systems and the HVDC link should be analyzed. To study such interactions, a well-developed simulation model of line commutated converter (LCC) based monopolar HVDC transmission system is presented in this article. In which the DC transmission link is connected between two strong AC systems with adequate controllers based on proportional-integral (PI) controller. The HVDC transmission system model is implemented in the MatlabSimulink working platform. The performance has been investigated during steady-state.

This paper presents a design and implementation of a high power dc distributed system supplied by a fuel cell generator. A proposed parallel power converter with interleaving algorithm is chosen to boost a low dc voltage of fuel cell to a dc bus utility level. The present interleaved step-up converter is composed of two identical boost converters connected in parallel. Modules are controlled by interleaved switching signals, which have the same switching frequency and the same phase shift. During the past decade, power electronics research has focused on the development of interleaved parallel converters. For an interleaving technique with a real fuel cell source, this work is the first presentation; it is not just a fuel cell simulation. So, the design and experimental verification of 1.2-kW prototype converter at a switching frequency of25 kHz connected with a Nexa™ PEM fuel cell system (1.2-kW, 46-A) in a laboratory are presented. Experimental results corroborate the excellent system performances. The fuel cell ripple current can be reduced. As a result, the fuel cell mean current is nearly equal to the fuel cell rrns current.

Mainly the DC motors are employed in most of the application. The main objective is to Regulate the DC motor system. A motor which displays the appearances of a DC motor but there is no commutator and brushes is called as brushless DC motor. These motors are widespread to their compensations than other motors in relationships of dependability, sound, efficiency, preliminary torque and longevity. To achieve the operation more reliable and less noisy, brushless dc motors are employed. In the proposed work, dissimilar methods of speed control are analysed. In real time submission of speed control of BLDC motor, numerous strategies are executed for the speed control singularity. The modified approaches are the employment of PI controller, use of PID controller and proposed current controller.

This paper presents an intelligent control technique for the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of a photovoltaic (PV) system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) under variable solar irradiation conditions. The MXS 60 PV Module specifications is considered for the analysis and models of solar PV module and a DC/DC Boost converter are developed in MATLA/SIMULINK environment. Initially, an MPPT controller is designed using Perturb and Observe (P&O) method. However, this conventional method cannot track rapid changes in the solar irradiation effectively. Hence, an intelligent controller is designed using ANFIS which draws much energy and fast response under continuously changing operating conditions. The PV module with proposed MPPT controller is analyzed in stand-alone mode.  The major disadvantage with PV system is its uncertain and intermittent power output which depends on weather conditions. PV module alone cannot supply reliable power to the isolated load effectively. To overcome this, PV module can be connected to the grid. It serves two purposes; in case of deficit solar irradiation, power can be taken from the grid and when there is surplus irradiation, power can be fed to the grid.  In order to predict the power supplied to the load and grid under different operating conditions sensitivity analysis has been carried out for the PV system with designed MPPT controller is simulated using HOMER Pro Software.

In this study, a Best First Search (BFS) Based Intelligent PID Tuning Method is proposed for a mobile robot path tracking problem. BFS is an informed search strategy in Artificial Intelligence (AI). It has been used in many areas of intelligent systems. Here, it is used to search values of both ultimate period and ultimate gain of Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) PID Tuning Method. So, using these ultimate period and gain, PID parameters can be c from tables of ZN method. The performance measure in this problem is described as minimizing total error during any specified trajectory tracking. Thus the proposed method does not depend on the system model. It only needs error information during the tracking control. So, this method can be used to tune PID parameters of any tracking controller for a system with unknown system dynamics. The proposed method is tested with simulations in MATLAB during trajectory tracking of a mobile robot. In addition, it is compared with classical PID and conventional PID tuning methods including Ziegler-Nichols method, Tyreus-Luyben method, and Shinskey method.

Keywords: Intelligent PID tuning, best first search, autonomous mobile robot, mobile robot path tracking problem, computed torque PID control, dynamic model, Ziegler-Nichols, Tyreus-Luyben, Shinskey.

This paper presents the enhancement of voltage stability using Static Synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and Static Synchronous series compensator (SSSC). In recent past years, along with the rapid increasing electrical power requirement has caused system to be heavily loaded leading to voltage instability. Under this condition there may be insufficient reactive power causing voltage to drop at various buses. The result would be the occurrence of voltage collapse which leads to total blackout of the whole system. FACT controllers have been used for solving various stability control problems. In this paper, SSSC and STATCOM are used to investigate the effect of these devices in controlling active and reactive powers to maintain voltage stability. The PI Controller is used to tune the circuit and to provide the zero signal error. Simulation results have been presented in MATLAB/Simulink environment for two machines four buses system.

This paper describes bidirectional DC-DC converter fed separately excited dc motor for EV application. Battery fed electric vehicles (BFEVs) is required to function in three different modes namely: normal (steady-state) mode, acceleration mode and braking (regenerative) mode. During acceleration and normal modes the power flow is from battery to motor whereas during braking or regenerative mode the kinetic energy of the motor is converted into electrical energy and fed back to battery.

Mainly the DC motors are employed in most of the application. The main objective is to Regulate the DC motor system. A motor which displays the appearances of a DC motor but there is no commutator and brushes is called as brushless DC motor. These motors are widespread to their compensations than other motors in relationships of dependability, sound, efficiency, preliminary torque and longevity. To achieve the operation more reliable and less noisy, brushless dc motors are employed. In the proposed work, dissimilar methods of speed control are analysed. In real time submission of speed control of BLDC motor, numerous strategies are executed for the speed control singularity. The modified approaches are the employment of PI controller, use of PID controller and proposed current controller.

In the power generation sector, Natural Resources like Solar, Wind, Tidal, Geothermal, Hydro etc have always played a very important role. Out of these solar PV (photo voltaic) is most popular due to its significant advantages. Controlling the output of solar PV system and harmonics at the load end are key
aspects. The main theme of this paper is to control output of solar PV system with the help of PI controller and reduction of harmonics at the load end by using Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Inverter. In this paper, commercial solar arrays of 1.2 kW along with close loop boost converter have been interfaced with neutral point clamped multilevel inverter. In this paper mathematical model of PV system have been presented and the characteristic of pv cell have been verified experimentally with the help of solar simulator under varying climate and load condition. Also, design and simulation of a Boost converter
which works in continuous conduction mode (CCM) using Solar PV array voltage as input has been done. PV model has been interfaced with Multilevel inverter (MLI) and the results for three level, five level, seven level, nine level and eleven level are presented. Models have been developed for different level of inverter in MATLAB to achieve this purpose.

Bir  denizaltı  modelinin  Bulanık  Mantık  (BM)  ile  derinlik  denetimi  sağlanmıştır. Sistemin  yapısı;  birim  basamak  tepkisi  ve  kök  yer  eğrisi  incelenmiştir.  Sistemin  kararlıdenetimini  sağlayan  BM  denetleyiciye  göz  atılmıştır.  Sistemin  BM  ve  Oransal+  İntegral (PI)  denetleyici  ile  blok  şeması  ortaya  çıkarılmıştır.  BM  denetleyicisinde  BM  üyelik  fonksiyonu  olarak  5  kurallı  cauchy  üyelik  fonksiyonu  seçilmiştir.  Sistemin  başarısıdeğerlendirilmiştir. Bu yazının amacı geri besleme için mümkün olan denizaltı modelinin derinlik kontrolünün incelenmesi ve denetlenmesidir.

This paper presents a current control technique for a single-phase grid-connected DC/AC inverter which is used in photovoltaic power conditioning system (PV PCS). A proportional-resonant (PR) controller is used for replacing the conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller in this system. By comparison with the conventional PI control method, the PR control can introduce an infinite gain at the fundamental frequency and hence can achieve zero steady-state error. A theoretical analysis of the PR controller is presented and verified by experiment. Furthermore, a pseudo synchronous d-q transformation is employed in current control scheme and an all-pass filter based single-phase digital phase-locked loop (PLL) is introduced to detect the phase of grid voltage. Based on the theoretical analysis, the control strategy is implemented on a 32-bit fixed-point TMS320F2812 DSP and tested in a 3 kW prototype PV PCS. Simulation and experimental verify the high performance of the implemented control scheme.

In current Scenario, efficiency and economic are the major concerns in designing
and developing low-power applications. The aim of the paper is to design a Bridge
Less Power Factor Corrected (BLPFC) buck boost converter for low power
applications. The diode bridge is eliminating using bridgeless configuration thus
reducing the conduction losses associate with in it. A BLPFC buck boost converter is
design to operate in Discontinuous Current Mode (DCM) to provide a better Power
Factor Correction (PFC) at AC mains. The PI controller design will be used to reduce
the harmonics present in the system and to maintain the unity power factor at different
voltages. This drive is to compare with the different input voltages and shows
satisfactory performance. The performance of the system is to be simulated using
MATLAB/Simulink. The experimental output values will be tabulated and the system is
maintaining unity power factor at various voltages (90V, 100V, 125V).

The harvesting of renewable solar energy is on demand due to the rising need of electricity in the current global scenario. PV generation system which is connected with Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters. Many companies are striving to improve the performance of this system since electrical has become a very precious thing hence this paper proposes an idea as a solution to that by improving the system performance by reducing its THD and harmonics.

In current Scenario, efficiency and economic are the major concerns in designing and developing low-power applications. The aim of the paper is to design a Bridge Less Power Factor Corrected (BLPFC) buck boost converter for low power applications. The diode bridge is eliminating using bridgeless configuration thus reducing the conduction losses associate with in it. A BLPFC buck boost converter is design to operate in Discontinuous Current Mode (DCM) to provide a better Power Factor Correction (PFC) at AC mains. The PI controller design will be used to reduce the harmonics present in the system and to maintain the unity power factor at different voltages. This drive is to compare with the different input voltages and shows satisfactory performance. The performance of the system is to be simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The experimental output values will be tabulated and the system is maintaining unity power factor at various voltages (90V, 100V, 125V).

Because of the low maintenance and robustness induction motors have many applications in the industries. Most of these applications need fast and smart speed control system. This paper introduces a smart speed control system for induction motor using fuzzy Sliding mode controller. The fuzzy-logic with sliding mode speed controller is employed in the outer loop. The performance of Fuzzy Logic control technique has been presented and analyzed in this work. The fuzzy logic controller is found to be a very useful technique to obtain a high performance speed control. The indirect vector controlled induction motor drive involves decoupling of the stator current in to torque and flux producing components. The analysis, design and simulation of the fuzzy logic controller for indirect vector control of induction motor are carried out based on fuzzy set theory. The model is carried out using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results shows the superiority of fuzzy sliding mode controller in controlling three phase Induction motor with indirect vector control technique.

In this paper a regulation of the terminal voltage of synchronous generator (SG) has been developed. Here, the nonlinear model of the SG is used directly without requirement for a linearized mathematical model of the generator. A proportional integral PI-controller is used to adjust the duty cycle of the DC chopper of step-down type for controlling the field voltage and consequently the output voltage of the generator. Furthermore, Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed as an optimization technique for tuning the optimal parameters of the PI controller (Kp and Ki). This is achieved by the minimization of the quadratic output error between the reference voltage and the output voltage calculated from the adopted model at the same time. In order to test the performance of the PSO-PI controller, results are compared with the genetic algorithm (GA). Moreover, to reduce the overshoot resulting in the response of the terminal voltage, a varied reference voltage is adopted. Results obtained show the superiority of the varied reference voltage to decrease the overshoot versus the fixed reference voltage.