NFT

For years people had to follow some form of central authority. Whether it be central banks or the government, society would have to accept whatever these central authorities said and did. In video games, the companies publishing and developing the video games were the central authorities. Players often spent large sums of money on their video games for virtual goods that would enhance their gaming experience. However, these could be taken away easily and often did not have a monetary value for any resale. Artists had the issue of proving they were the original author, and some struggled to make a career in art. Non-fungible tokens have provided a gateway for all these parties to benefit. Artists can prove ownership of their work and build a stable income, players can own something of monetary value, and game developers can improve their games and create strong revenue streams. Non-fungible tokens are a very new innovation that was born from blockchain developments. Using them in video games has only recently become a thing for developers. Data that was collected for this research on how non-fungible tokens can be implemented into video games. It also shows how the industry will be impacted and where it will lead to. The findings show a promising future for non-fungible tokens and blockchain gaming and this paper acts to add to the existing body of knowledge around non-fungible tokens in video games.

The art industry has commercialised and popularised non-fungible tokens (NFTs), with the volume and value of NFT transactions rapidly growing to US$ 10.7 billion in Q3 2021. The increase in NFT transactions has drawn the attention of the art market to the consequent carbon emissions resulting from verifying transactions in proof-ofwork blockchains supporting NFT transactions. With CO 2-related deaths attributable to NFT transactions, social pressure from the art market has helped to progress the switch away from the deliberately polluting proof-ofwork blockchains to more sustainable consensus protocols. Nonetheless, many popular types of blockchain have resisted the pressure to decrease their environmental impact, including Bitcoin, whose attributed 2021 annual emissions will produce emissions responsible for around 19,000 future deaths. In response, recent global policy interventions have employed legal and fiscal tools to reduce the carbon impact of some or all types of blockchains. Linking the damage caused by proof-of-work blockchains to climate change and human mortality, this study examines the recent policy interventions designed to motivate a shift in blockchain consensus protocols and promote miners' energy efficiency to mitigate environmental damage. This article further explores available policy intervention options that are currently not utilised.

Digital Twins (DTs) are a conventional and well known concept, proposed in 70s, that are popular in a broad spectrum of sciences, industry innovations, and consortium alliances. However, in the last few years, the growth of digital assets and online communications has attracted attention to DTs as highly accurate twins of physical objects. Metaverse, as a digital world, is a concept proposed in 1992 and has also become a popular paradigm and hot topic in public where DTs can play critical roles. This study first presents definitions, applications, and general challenges of DT and Metaverse. It then offers a three-layer architecture linking the physical world to the Metaverse through a user interface. Further, it investigates the security and privacy challenges of using DTs in Metaverse. Finally, a conclusion, including possible solutions for mentioned challenges and future works, will be provided.

Araştırma dahilinde NFT’lerin gelişimini ele almak ve güncel sanat mecralarında edindikleri pozisyonu değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bunu yaparken (konuya dair çerçevenin oldukça geniş olması sebebi ile) yalnızca yakın zamanlı ve uygulama esaslı bilgilere yer veren sınırlandırılmış bir metin sunmak hedeflenmiştir. Dolayısıyla makale literatür taramasını esas alan iki alt başlıktan oluşmaktadır. Başlıklardan ilki Değişen ve Gelişen Sanat Olgusu’dur. Burada günümüzdekine benzer bir geçiş sürecini sembolize etmesi nedeni ile 20. Yüzyılda gerçekleşen sanat içerikli gelişmelere ve bilhassa Video Sanatı’na değinilmiştir. Blockchain ve NFT Sanatı’nda ise başlığa ismini veren dijital aktörlerin niteliklerinden söz edilmiştir. Bağıntılı gelişmeler sürece dair yorumlar ile desteklenirken değerlendirme Sonuç başlığı altında ve sanat eğitimine yakın duracak biçimde yapılmıştır.

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II - Agile Methodology
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INTRODUCTION
Scientists agree that a pathogen is likely to cause a global pandemic in the near future. But which one? And how?
While we can’t know which pathogen will cause the next pandemic, by unraveling the story of how pathogens have caused pandemics in the past, we can make predictions about the future. In Pandemic: Tracking Contagions, from Cholera to Ebola and Beyond, the prizewinning journalist Sonia Shah―whose book on malaria, The Fever, was called a “tour-de-force history” (The New York Times) and “revelatory” (The New Republic)―interweaves history, original reportage, and personal narrative to explore the origins of contagions, drawing parallels between cholera, one of history’s most deadly and disruptive pandemic-causing pathogens, and the new diseases that stalk humankind today.
To reveal how a new pandemic might develop, Sonia Shah tracks each stage of cholera’s dramatic journey, from its emergence in the South Asian hinterlands as a harmless microbe to its rapid dispersal across the nineteenth-century world, all the way to its latest beachhead in Haiti. Along the way she reports on the pathogens now following in cholera’s footsteps, from the MRSA bacterium that besieges her own family to the never-before-seen killers coming out of China’s wet markets, the surgical wards of New Delhi, and the suburban backyards of the East Coast.
By delving into the convoluted science, strange politics, and checkered history of one of the world’s deadliest diseases, Pandemic reveals what the next global contagion might look like― and what we can do to prevent it.
https://b-ok.cc/book/2660199/949408
Extraits/Excerpts
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