Music Therapy for Children with Developmental Disabilities

Resumen En este artículo pretendemos buscar los aspectos que confluyen en el ámbito de la musicoterapia y el arteterapia, comenzando por su definición y orígenes y siguiendo con los modelos teóricos más importantes. Al analizar los trabajos de investigación elaborados a partir de proyectos en los que se combina la práctica de las dos disciplinas, observamos la necesidad de una mayor interdisciplinareidad. Esto daría lugar a un mayor enriquecimiento de las sesiones y por tanto, del trabajo terapéutico, lo que revertiría en una mejora de la calidad de la intervención. Abstract The purpose of this article is to find the aspects that influence in the field of music therapy and art therapy, starting with its definition and origins and continuing with the major theoretical models. In analyzing the research made from projects in which the practice of the two disciplines combined, we see the need for greater interdisciplinarity. This would result in further enrichment of sessions and therefore therapeutic work, which would result in an improvement in the quality of the intervention.

Songs and singing games are a healthy part of young children’s social, emotional and cognitive development. Such shared music making can facilitate and strengthen
relationships between parents and children. Family health workers can encourage carers’ informal uses of music with their children. In cases of developmental delay,
disability, severe illness or family stress, music can continue to have a significant role in supporting children and parents. In some cases referral to specialist music therapy services may be appropriate for assessment and/or treatment.

ABSTRACT This paper is a literature review of Music Therapy with people with Disorders of Consciousness, in minimally conscious states or vegetative states, with the goal of verifying the state of the art of Music Therapy research with this population during the last two years (2013-2015). Five studies were systematized in tables, one of them is a case report and the four others are research-based studies. They were analyzed according to objectives, methodology, method, participants, use of music, outcome measures, results and comments. These were publications of behavioral, physiological and EEG responses of health people and people with DC to a diversity of musical stimuli; of standardization of the music therapy tool MATADOC with adults and its possible application in pediatrics, and a case report of Creative Music Therapy assessed by another behavioral tool, WHIM. The author verified more emphasis on quantifying the results according to outcome measures and evidences. Recommendations to research and clinical practice were also given.
RESUMO Esse trabalho é uma revisão de literatura de Musicoterapia com pessoas com distúrbios da consciência, em estado de consciência mínima e/ou estado vegetativo, com o objetivo de considerar o estado da arte da pesquisa em Musicoterapia com essa população nos últimos dois anos (2013-2015). Cinco estudos foram sistematizados em tabelas, sendo 1 relato de experiência e 4 de pesquisa. Eles foram analisados em relação a objetivos, metodologia, método, participantes, uso da música, medida de resultados, resultados e comentários. Foram encontradas publicações relativas às respostas fisiológicas e de EEG de pessoas saudáveis e com DC frente a diversos estímulos musicais, à validação da ferramenta de musicoterapia MATADOC em adultos e sua possível aplicação na pediatria, assim como um relato de caso de musicoterapia criativa avaliado por outra ferramenta comportamental, o WHIM. Constatou-se maior ênfase na operacionalização dos resultados dos trabalhos por meio de medidas de resultados e de evidências. Foram realizadas recomendações para a pesquisa e a prática clínica a partir dessa revisão. Palavras-chave: Musicoterapia, Distúrbios da Consciência.

Music Therapy is an emerging and socially-benefitting field in not only music and holistic treatment stream but also gradually occupying its place in the medical science. Music therapy and interventions have been proved immensely effective and life-changing among the children or adults especially dealing with mental disabilities. For instance, music therapy is a very well-received tool among the people having diagnosed Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Indian music therapy, aka Raga Chikitsa is also a music healing tool which has been proven as one of the most therapeutic and engaging. As an Indian autistic client, it is highly beneficial to provide Indian music therapy interventions.

This experimental study is formulated to determine the efficacy of using music as a therapeutic tool among children with an autism spectrum disorder. The sample for the study was selected from the age group of 7-16 years who are attending special schools. After selecting 20 students, they were segregated into two groups i.e., control and experimental groups. The tool used for the analysis was a checklist prepared by the investigator along with BASIC-MR (Behavioral Assessment Scales for Indian Children with Mental Retardation). The intervention was done for 40 sessions each lasting 45 min for 2 months. A remarkable change was noticed in the pre and post-test scores in the statistical analysis. Hence, the study validated the significance of comprehending music as an intervention to enhance the development of functional social skills among autistic children.

This report evaluates the impact of live music in hospitals in the United Kingdom, as provided by OPUS Music Community Interest Company. Surveys and semi-structured interviews showed positive responses of hospitalised children. Parents reported increased well-being for their children and also for themselves, and similar patterns were found among hospital staff. Interactions with the musicians such as the child playing the instruments were important as well as hearing the music. Positive benefits were found in this music evaluation study from the three perspectives: the children, families and staff. The results suggest that 1) music can create a space for children in hospital to interact and ease their (and their parents’) anxiety and stress, and that 2) such music activities can support healthcare staff in their working environment by providing entertainment and creating more uninterrupted working time.

RESUMEN INICIAL EN PDF DE MI VOLUNTARIADO-INVESTIGACIÓN-DOCTORANDO CON LA TESIS FINALIZADA Y DEFENDIDA EXITOSAMENTE Y CON LA QUE HE CONSEGUIDO DEMOSTRAR LOS BENEFICIOS DE LA SINERGIA DE MUSICOTERAPIA EN LAS 3 POBLACIONES: PREMATUROS, MADRES Y PERSONAL SANITARIO. ¡¡¡VIVA LA MÚSICA!!!

SUMMARY IN PDF OF MY VOLUNTEERING-RESEARCH-DOCTORING WITH THE THESIS FINISHED AND DEFENDED SUCCESSFULLY AND WITH WHICH I HAVE DEMONSTRATED THE BENEFITS OF THE SYNERGY OF MUSIC THERAPY IN THE 3 POPULATIONS: PREMATURES, MOTHERS AND HEALTHCARE PERSONNEL. LONG LIVE MUSIC!!!

Assessment and clinical evaluation in music therapy are increasingly addressed as a topic of research from a theoretical and methodological perspective. At the beginning of the 21st century there is a considerable amount of music therapy literature to be found on a variety of topics, perceiving music therapy as a discipline or a profession. But there is not much literature available specifically on theory and method of assessment and clinical evaluation. Based on the results of a previous literature review in assessment and evaluation (Sabbatella, 1998a; 1998b, 1999) a new extensive review was made of papers published between 1985-2001 in order to update references to this topic. The objective of this article is to report and summarize the results of the literature review presenting a current overview of contemporary ideas on the status of music therapy assessment and clinical evaluation, and to propose a taxonomy of literature reviewed and research topics related to evaluation in clinical practice, in order to promote its study from an evaluation perspective.

This writing is a research based on historical and qualitative data that not only increases our knowledge in the areas of sound and music, it shows precise data and research from ancient history to cutting edge modern science of the greatest effects of healing that has prevailed in the medical, educational and therapeutic realms.

The way you use your voice affects the health of your thyroid.  This is because the thyroid gland is stimulated by vocal vibrations, being located adjacent to the voice box.  Shouting can over-stimulate the thyroid, just as being too quiet can under-stimulate it.  This link between the voice and thyroid stimulation can explain some cases of hypo- and hyper-thyroidism, and offers a non-medical option for the treatment of these conditions.

Resumen
Este artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación
que se llevó a cabo con alumnos de
ESO participantes en un programa de Musicoterapia.
Estos pertenecían a los grupos de 3º y 4º
de Diversificación Curricular de un centro escolar
de la Comunidad de Madrid. Para encuadrar
los resultados obtenidos se procede a explicar
el concepto de Musicoterapia y su aplicación
en el ámbito educativo. Posteriormente, se presentan
los objetivos a conseguir, la metodología
realizada con una propuesta didáctica con Musicoterapia,
para trabajar a través de la música el
mundo emocional del alumnado. A continuación,
se exponen los resultados obtenidos después
las sesiones, tras elaborar el test estandarizado
STAI, y el nivel de absentismo escolar que
presentan los días que acuden a ellas. Los resultados
reflejan que la utilización de la música con
un fin terapéutico, utilizando los medios que la
pedagogía musical nos brinda, ejercen un efecto
positivo, ya que se produjo, en este proceso, una
reducción del nivel de ansiedad en uno de los
grupos de Musicoterapia.
Palabras clave:
Musicoterapia educativa-adolescencia-ansiedad- absentismo-
riesgo social.
Abstract
This article shows the results of an investigation
carried out with students of a secondary school
being participants on a music-therapy program.
The individuals taking part in it belonged to 3rd
and 4th grades in the curricular diversification
program in a high school set in the community
of Madrid. Firstly, the concept of music-therapy
must be explained in order to frame the results
and its application within a pedagogical context.
Secondly, the goals to be achieved will be
identified, as well as the methodology used with
a music-therapy educational proposal, to work
throughout music on the affective world of the student.
Finally, the results of the sessions worked
on the STAI standard test will be presented and
the level of scholar absenteeism of the pupils on
the sessions. The outcomes reflect that the use
of music with a therapeutic goal and an approach
of music pedagogy have a positive influence on
the student since there happened a reduction of
anxiety of the participants in one of the musictherapy
groups during the process.
Keywords:
Music therapy-anxiety-adolescence-social risk- absenteeism.

This booklet is about music and autism. It examines the neurological basis of autism and how music can be used as a step by step approach. It is primarily meant as a guide for ABT Practitioners who are working with children on the autism spectrum.

All ABT Practitioners who are working with groups having communication, expressive, cognitive and motor difficulties will also find the tools and techniques very useful. 

The booklet is dedicated to parents-teachers, who have to become extra-ordinary so that they can connect to children who do not tolerate the ordinary. 

WCCL Foundation would like to thank and acknowledge the support of Sir J.R.D. Tata Trust, Mumbai (http://www.dorabjitatatrust.org) for their valuable financial support, Prasanna Autism center (www.prasannaautism.org), for its sincere commitment towards serving children on the autistic spectrum.

Music therapists provide critical, evidence-based care to a diverse range of clients. However, despite their active role in empowering individuals affected by disability, stigma, grief, and trauma, music therapists remain understudied by the HCI community. We present the results of a mixed methods study of 10 interviewees and 20 survey respondents in the U.S., all of whom are practicing music therapists. Our results show that music therapists engage in technology-aided practices such as making personalized connections with clients, assisting in identity formation, encouraging musicking (music-making), and preserving legacies. Results also show that music therapists face key challenges such as environmental, societal, and financial constraints, including high workload, lack of awareness of the value of music therapy among the general community, and limited access to secure technologies for remote client care. In light of these challenges, we present a set of design implications for creating future technologies for music therapists. This work diverges from previous studies on music therapy technologies, which focus largely on interventions with music therapy clients, by highlighting the often-neglected perspectives from music therapists.

Background: Even though the harmful influences of parental substance abuse on children have been well studied globally, statistics on these children's impacts in Hong Kong were not generally available. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of drug-abusing parents on their children via a previous survey conducted at local drug treatment and rehabilitation centres in Hong Kong.

SUMMARY Assessment and clinical evaluation in music therapy are increasinglyaddressed as a topic of research from a theoretical and methodologicalperspective. At the beginning of the 21st century there is a considerableamount of music therapy literature to be found on a variety of topics,perceiving music therapy as a discipline or a profession. But there is notmuch literature available specifically on theory and method of assess-ment and clinical evaluation. Based on the results of a previous literaturereview in assessment and evaluation (Sabbatella, 1998a; 1998b, 1999) anew extensive review was made of papers published between 1985-2001in order to update references to this topic. The objective of this article isto report and summarize the results of the literature review presenting acurrent overview of contemporary ideas on the status of music therapyassessment and clinical evaluation, and to propose a taxonomy of litera-ture reviewed and research topics related to evaluation in cl...

Music is a divine power and universal language that can be understood by non professionals also. Music is one of the most mystical powers that can affect the individual without getting noticed and can hypnotise to act accordingly or can have an amazing impact on mood, mind, personality and behaviour. This proposed research paper would reveal how listening of music can impact individual's personality according to the inclination of music depending on gender (male/female). The result was, an eye opener to the fact that listening of music as therapy has main relation to the one's personality and each individual 's choice of music is the reflection of their personality unlike its dependency on gender aspect.

Music's double role as an educational possession and a therapeutic tool, takes place since Ancient Times. Plato, classifies it on the base of the educational procedure, absolutely correlating the kind of music that youth were listening, with the ethos they were developing. The aspect of music as a mean, correlating to the feelings and overwhelming the whole spirit of a person, leading to purification, refers to Aristotle's theories. Nowadays, music as a mean of treatment, aims to get inside a person's spirit and restore it's lost functionality. Music therapy immediately associates to human development. Besides, emotional maturity begins already in intrauterine age and is determined from the sounds surrounding it. Then, according to the development or not of a type of secure bond, as also with the existence or not of a supporting surrounding, full of experiences and incentives, it is determined whether behavioral or emotional disorders and some forms of learning disabilities will occur to the toddlers. At this point, nursery school's role is determinant as far as the existence of early interventional programs and the detection of a problem are concerned. Music then, can become a useful tool approaching children's difficulties, making them functional in a social, emotional and at the same time cognitive level. That's why, we refer to Pedagogical music therapy in education, as every activity based on music that takes place, is an experience that has an impact to the multilateral development of a child. Music therapy does not give importance to the musical outcome but to the whole process, being indifferent to the outcome. That's the reason why, recent years, music as a mean of treatment is of particular interest to the field of Special Education.



Keywords: music therapy, toddlers, learning disabilities, emotional and behavioral disorders, early intervention, support.

Community is essential for individuals to feel like a part of something larger; however, many individuals with disabilities and their families lack a connection to community due to the display of unusual social behaviours or unavailable accommodations when at community-based events. Community music therapy (CoMT) encompasses an effort to build community around music-making and enjoyment for the collective whole, as well as supporting social justice and self-advocacy for individuals. One CoMT effort specific to individuals on the autism spectrum is the Sensory Friendly Concerts® (SFCs), a music enjoyment and making venue that promotes the social acceptance of each individual, specifically of those who identify as ‘autistic’ and seek to develop an autistic culture and community. SFCs are not only a venue to create ‘equal access to the fine arts’, but also serves as a platform for self-advocacy, thus promoting the social justice of a typically marginalized population. The purpose of this project report is to discuss how SFCs, as a CoMT initiative, can provide an opportunity for individuals and families to explore the arts, develop an inclusive community and promote social justice for autistic people. To this effect, this article will discuss SFCs within the broader scope of community music and CoMT, introduce core concepts of the Neurodiversity movement, and present initial programme evaluation data and personal accounts from SFCs.

Due to copyright contract with the publisher, only the first page is uploaded. Please go to: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/intellect/ijcm/2014/00000007/00000001/art00007 It is only $18.

Children with a Language Impairment frequently experience additional difficulties with social interaction, emotional regulation and self-esteem. This article illustrates some ways in which music therapy addresses these secondary effects of language impairment, using examples from small group music therapy with two boys aged 5 years with Mixed Expressive-Receptive Language Disorder. Improvised drum games (non-verbal interaction), kazoo-vocalization (quasi-verbal interaction) and the therapist's musical/verbal narration of the children's play were used to offer musical alternatives to normal verbal interaction with the aim of increasing fluency, decreasing aggressive/frustrated behaviours and raising self-esteem. Video analysis of sessions indicates that competitive/aggressive play decreased during the course of music therapy, as did episodes of high-pitched screaming (indication of frustration). Cooperative play increased as did the frequency of attempts at verbal interaction. This suggests that in terms of social communication, positive changes in relationship patterns and increased spontaneous speech and cooperative play occurred during music therapy for these children with a language impairment.

En este artículo pretendemos buscar los aspectos que confluyen en el ámbito de la musicoterapia y el arteterapia, comenzando por su definición y orígenes y siguiendo con los modelos teóricos más importantes. Al analizar los trabajos de investigación elaborados a partir de proyectos en los que se combina la práctica de las dos disciplinas, observamos la necesidad de una mayor interdisciplinareidad. Esto daría lugar a un mayor enriquecimiento de las sesiones y por tanto, del trabajo terapéutico, lo que revertiría en una mejora de la calidad de la intervención.

While music is the primary tool music therapists use to develop therapeutic relationships with clients, visual elements might be a useful additional tool when communicating with clients with limited verbal skills. This project aims to gain a better understanding of the use of visual elements in music therapy for adolescents with learning disabilities by conducting semi- structured interviews with four music therapists with relevant experience. The interview materials were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The findings suggest that music therapists experienced the use of visual elements differently depending on their therapeutic approaches; they experienced benefits and challenges of using visual elements; they identified benefits and limitations of working with other professionals in Special Educational Needs (SEN) schools when using visual elements with adolescents with learning disabilities. It is my hope that this project will benefit adolescents with learning disabilities receiving music therapy, as well as music therapists who wish to explore non- musical tools to support the musical therapeutic experience with their clients.

Purpose: A growing body of evidence suggests that long-term music training provides benefits to auditory abilities for typical-hearing adults and children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how music training may provide perceptual benefits (such as speech-in-noise, spectral resolution, and prosody) for children with hearing loss.

Method: Fourteen children aged 6–9 years with prelingual sensorineural hearing loss using bilateral cochlear implants, bilateral hearing aids, or bimodal configuration participated in a 12-week music-training program, with 9 participants completing the full testing requirements of the music training. Activities included weekly group-based music therapy and take-home music apps 3-times a week. The design was a pseudo-randomised, longitudinal study (half the cohort was waitlisted, initially serving as a passive control group prior to music training). The test battery consisted of tasks related to music perception, music appreciation, and speech perception. As a comparison, sixteen age-matched children with typical-hearing also completed this test battery, but without participation in the music training.

Results: There were no changes for any outcomes for the passive control group. After music training, perception of speech-in-noise, question/statement prosody, musical-timbre, and spectral resolution improved significantly, as did measures of music appreciation. There were no benefits for emotional prosody or pitch perception.

Conclusion: The findings suggest even a modest amount of music training has benefits for music and speech outcomes. These preliminary results provide further evidence that music training is a suitable complementary means of habilitation to improve the outcomes for children with hearing loss.

Se propone la construcción de un instrumento de evaluación del discurso narrativo de niños/as de 3 a 5 años. Estudios previos mostraron la relevancia del discurso narrativo para el pensamiento, la socialización y la escolarización. Los escasos instrumentos diseñados para su evaluación contemplan la comprensión y producción de narrativas de ficción en población inglesa. Sin embargo, las narrativas producidas por niños/as hispanohablantes no presentan las mismas características. Si bien se diseñaron instrumentos para la evaluación de la comprensión de narrativas de ficción en niños/as hablantes de español, el desarrollo de la complejidad estructural de las narrativas de experiencia personal tiene lugar antes: por ello resulta valioso contar con un instrumento evaluativo.
Objetivos específicos: analizar y describir las características macro y microestructurales de las narrativas de experiencias personal producidas por niños/as 3, 4 y 5 años de diferentes grupos socioculturales; construir una escala empírica; analizar la validez, la fiabilidad y la consistencia interna del instrumento; documentar el desempeño de 150 niños/as.
Metodología. El proyecto adopta un diseño cuasi experimental, transversal. El corpus comprende relatos de experiencias pasadas producidas por 60 niños/as de 3, 4 y 5 años. Se les tomará la prueba PLS5 (Zimmerman et al., 2012) que evalúa habilidades de comprensión y producción de lenguaje. Se cuenta también con 300 narrativas de experiencia personal producidas por niños/as de 3, 4 y 5 años. Las narrativas se registrarán mediante audio y se transcriben según el formato CHAT. El análisis contemplará sus características macro y microestructurales. Se analizará la confiabilidad y la validez del instrumento.

This forthcoming paper draws attention to some possible unconscious processes that might occur in the transference /counter-transference work with a severely depressed patient - especially when things seem stuck at an impasse, and the patient seems to have withdrawn into painful silences.
Some  material from psychotherapy  with a young women who had been abused intrusively by her father when she was a young child is discussed, with a view to highlighting some hitherto obscure aspects of an infant's psychological use of the Father - particularly in relation to the capacity for experimentation and exploration in imaginative thinking and the enjoyment of a fantasy life, as a prelude to adult sexuality.
Some common counter-transference traps and technical difficulties receive some speculative comments - as do some ideas about the formation of creative, experimental states of mind in adult intimate relationships.
Melanie Klein thought that projective identification could have its positive aspects, when used as a basis for empathy - the (Shakespearean) capacity to imagine oneself into the psyche of an Other.
But, this is only possible for the child in a spirit of play and adventure and safety - beyond the sometimes intrusive thoughts or actions of a disturbed parent, or parent figure.

Aim: This qualitative single-case study seeks to investigate possible patterns and behaviors in improvisational music therapy (IMT) with a seven-year-old boy with moderate autism, which could be described as autism-atypical, and to detect possible variables in the improvisational music therapy and in the therapist's actions that support the client's new behaviors, as well as discussing if those are signs of new skills creating new choices of action and coping mechanisms. In addition, this study aims to find answers to how those patterns and new communicative skills, displayed in the music and the client's behavior, can be interpreted in the light of the chosen theories, and to what extent they are signs for the music therapy’s (MT) ability to create new choices and coping mechanisms for the client.
Background: This master thesis is based on my 9th semester’s internship, which took place at a primary school in North Jutland, Denmark with special classes for children with neurodevelopmental conditions within the autism spectrum. My client was a highly verbal seven-year-old boy diagnosed with autism, with advanced motor skills, but lacking other age-appropriate competencies, in terms of contact, arousal regulation, and social play.
Method: To answer the research questions, a qualitative single case study, based on the hermeneutic and phenomenological approach of the interpretative method has been conducted. The clinical material including video recordings from eleven MT sessions has been analyzed with an ethnographic, descriptive, microanalysis approach.
Results: The results of the research indicate ‘atypical’ behavior of the client during MT, leading to new options of action. The identified patterns and new communicative skills detected in the music and in the client's behavior could be interpreted as a result of effective intervention with musical stimuli. Certain patterns in the client’s behavior seem to have been altered and influenced in forming new patterns and behaviors as a possible result of resonance and synchronicity. The client acquired and displayed strong musical and emotional self-awareness and creative expression, he narrated the emotional qualities in music and in feelings, reflected on the impact of the musical emotions on others, and often initiated musical contact and play. This would suggest that IMT can mitigate impairments and draw from strengths. In addition, establishing a shared musical history with returning subjects, thus building a trusted relationship, enabled the client to explore new musical and emotional expressions and to engage in social interactions and play.

Keywords: Improvisational music therapy; autism spectrum; highly verbal; primary school child; neurodiversity.

Songs and singing games are a healthy part of young children's social, emotional and cognitive development. Such shared music making can facilitate and strengthen relationships between parents and children. Family health workers can encourage carers' informal uses of music with their children. In cases of developmental delay, disability, severe illness or family stress, music can continue to have a significant role in supporting children and parents. In some cases referral to specialist music therapy services may be appropriate for assessment and/or treatment.

This report presents an evaluation of the feedback by musicians from the
Rhythmix, Wishing Well programme, who are providing a live music-making
programme in healthcare settings in South East England. Evaluations that the musicians provided during their work at The Royal Alexandra Children’s hospital in 2015-2016 were summarised and analysed.

The results suggest that:
● this music-making programme has positive effects for patients, families and caregivers
● building and strengthening the relationships with staff seems helpful for these types of music-making programmes
● a balance is needed between welcoming staff’s assistance in prioritising which patients should take part in the music activities and allowing the musicians to use their expertise when approaching patients, in order to achieve the most positive outcome for patients
● opportunities for musicians to practice self-care are necessary in order to avoid ‘burn out’ and emotional trauma.

RESUMEN
La música que atesoramos, que nos habita y secuestra, provoca un ahondamiento, una receptividad hacia emociones que de otro modo nos serían desconocidas. Los intentos de desarrollar una psicología, una neurología y una fisiología de la influencia de la música sobre el cuerpo y la mente se remontan a Pitágoras y la magia terapéutica, pasando por Schopenhauer y Nietzsche, hasta llegar a Sloterdijk, quien plantea como basamento de este interrogar, como pregunta estrictamente filosófica, exploratoria de la experiencia musical: ¿dónde estamos, cuando escuchamos música? A la que podríamos añadir ¿a dónde nos dirigimos cuando escuchamos música? O, mejor aún, ¿hacia dónde somos conducidos?
La música puede invadir y sensibilizar la psique humana ejerciendo una especie de secuestro del ánimo, con una fuerza de penetración y éxtasis, tal vez sólo comparable a la de los narcóticos o a la del trance referido por los chamanes, los místicos y los santos. No es casual que la palabra alemana Stimmung signifique "humor" y "estado de ánimo", pero también comporte la idea de "voz" y "sintonía". Somos "sintonizados" por la música que se apodera de nosotros. La música puede transmutarnos, puede volvernos locos a la vez que puede curarnos. La importancia de la música en los estados de anormalidad del ánimo es un hecho reconocido incluso en el relato bíblico donde David toca para Saúl. Las estructuras tonales que llamamos 'música' tienen una estrecha relación con las formas de sentimiento humano -formas de crecimiento y atenuación, de fluidez y ordenamiento, conflicto y resolución, rapidez, arresto, terrible excitación, calma o lapsos de ensoñación- quizás ni gozo ni pensar, sino el patetismo de uno u otro y ambos, la grandeza y la brevedad y el fluir eterno de todo lo vitalmente sentido. Tal es el patrón, o 'forma lógica', de la sensibilidad, y el patrón de la música es esa misma forma elaborada a través de sonidos y silencios. La música es así "una analogía tonal de la vida emotiva".
Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca

This book offers a practical, ready-to-use MuSense program. Originally designed for music therapists working with individuals with profound multiple disabilities, the MuSense program provides comprehensive guidance to music therapists on how to effectively work with individuals whose needs can be extremely difficult to meet. Containing a robust, structured, evidence-based protocol of music therapy, and supported by case studies throughout, this book is also an essential resource in treatment planning for other diverse populations needing to develop enhanced body and sensory awareness.

We gave 32 people with cerebral palsy the opportunity to use a motion tracking system to convert their movements into musical sounds. Due to their physical limitations, people with Cerebral Palsy have traditionally had fewer opportunities to make music or dance. Motion tracking can palliate this inequality, since it permits any movement to be mapped to music and sound. We used two sensor systems: a video-camera based system and electrode-based physical touch system. The former is based on human motion and the latter requires physical contact between therapist and subject to control sound. By correlating each subject's physical handicap with specific movement-to-sound mappings, we gained insight into how motion tracking can be used as an artistic tool for people with cerebral palsy.

The main purpose of this study of development the Attention-deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder in childhood, adolescent and adulthood. ADHD is a disorder of childhood that tends to develop before the age of 12. ADHD, often referred to as hyperactivity, is characterized by difficulties that interfere with, effective task-oriented behavior in children particularly impulsivity, excessive or exaggerated motor activity, such as aimless or haphazard running or fidgeting, and difficulties in sustaining attention (Nigg et al 2005; see DSM-5 criteria for ADHD). Longitudinal research involves studying and collecting baseline information on specific group of interest (patients with a given disorder, high-risk children, etc) and then following up with them at a future date (e.g. 1,5 or even 20 years later) to determine the changes that have occurred over the Intervening period. Uses of some medications and drugs to reduce ADHD. Some authorities prefer using psychological interventions in conjunctions with medications (Mariano & Levin 2007). The use of behavioural treatment methods for ADHD has reportedly been quite successful, at least for short-term gains. The use of psychological treatment of ADHD has also shown positive results (Pelham &Fabiano,2008; Cor coran 2011). ADHD consist of a pattern of behavior that is present in multiple setting where it gives rise to social, educational or work performance difficulties.

Nikić, R., Pacić, S., Milićević, M., Eminović, F., Gavrilović, M. (2015). Participacija dece sa smetnjama u razvoju u zabavnim, kulturnim i umetničkim aktivnostima. U M. Petrović (Ur.), Zbornik sažetaka XVIII pedagoški forum scenskih umetnosti "Artikulacija kao sredstvo komunikacije, interpretacije i značenja", Beograd, 11–13. decembar, 2015. (str. 75-77). Beograd: Fakultet muzičke umetnosti. ISBN 978-86-88619-64-6

Music therapists provide critical, evidence-based care to a diverse range of clients. However, despite their active role in empowering individuals affected by disability, stigma, grief, and trauma, music therapists remain understudied by the HCI community. We present the results of a mixed methods study of 10 interviewees and 20 survey respondents in the U.S., all of whom are practicing music therapists. Our results show that music therapists engage in technology-aided practices such as making personalized connections with clients, assisting in identity formation, encouraging musicking (music-making), and preserving legacies. Results also show that music therapists face key challenges such as environmental, societal, and financial constraints, including high workload, lack of awareness of the value of music therapy among the general community, and limited access to secure technologies for remote client care. In light of these challenges, we present a set of design implications for c...

How hearing impairment effects a persons process to perceive music and in what way is it different from a persons normal hearing. This paper discusses two common hearing impairments known as conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss. The paper unpacks what these impairments are and how they effect the person in an everyday world as well as a musical world.