Lupinus albus

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of seed treatments of lupine plants (cv.Giza 2) with chemical inducers Bion (5mM), salicylic acid (5mM) and saccharin (3mM) as well as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Trichoderma harzi-anum as biotic inducers on the infection with Rhi-zoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lupini under greenhouse and field conditions. Under greenhouse condition (Agricultural Research Centre, Giza) all treatments significantly reduced the percentages of pre-and post-emergence damping-off compared with the untreated control, the highest percentage of survived plants was achieved 92% by Bion and T. harzi-anum as well as fungicide Rizolex-T followed by salicylic acid and P. polymyxa as 88%. On the other hand, all treatments decrease significantly the incidence and severity of wilt, also increased the percentage of survived plants compared with untreated control. Under field conditions at Giza and Ismailia Agricultural Research Stations (Giza and Ismailia governorates) during winter season 2016-2017, all the treatments decreased the percentage of pre-and post-emergence damping-off as well as the percentage of wilted plants and increased the percentage of survived plants compared with untreated control in two locations. At Giza research station , the highest percentages of survived plants were recorded with Rizolex-T followed by Bion, P. polymyxa, and salicylic acid. While at Ismailia, the highest percentage of survived plants were recorded with Rizolex-T followed by Bion, P. poly-myxa, T. harzianum, and salicylic acid. Meantime, these treatments improved growth parameters i.e. plant height, number of pods/plant, the weight of seeds /plant and the weight of one hundred seed. The higher increase in seed yield (ton /feddan) was obtained with Rizolex-T and Bion treatments followed by Salicylic acid, P. polymyxa, and T. har-zianum at two locations. Activities of peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxi-dase (PPO) enzymes and phenol content were determined. Bion treatment showed the highest increase in PO and PPO activity, and total phenols followed by salicylic acid and P. polymyxa treatments in the presence of R. solani or F. ox-ysporum. f. sp. lupini.

Three experiments were conducted to assess whether an α-galactosidase supplement improved the utilisation of lupin seeds by growing and finishing pigs and to determine the best lupin variety in presence of α-galactosidase. In experiment 1, three iso-nitrogen (iso-N) and iso-net energy (iso-NE) diets containing 15% of soybean meal (SBM diet) or 20% of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus var. Arès), with

... 63:153–178. Analysis of Grain-Yield Components and Inflorescence Levels in Winter-Type White Lupin Steven L. Noffsinger,* Christian Huyghe, and Edzard van Santen ABSTRACT increased during the past 20 yr. ... Our objective was to determine the importance ghe, 1993). ...

Chlorophyll fluorescence has been used routinely to investigate photosynthetic activity in plants subjected to both biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this work was to compare the perturbations in photosynthesis induced by ozone and by a pathogen. By using a conventional fluorometer a similar response pattern was observed in inoculated and O(3)-fumigated leaves. The application of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging provided further detailed information on the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of the response of white lupin leaves to fungal pathogen or to ozone fumigation. In particular, 48 h after artificial inoculation with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pleiochaeta setosa, the leaves showed a remarkable alteration in PSII operating efficiency (Phi(PSII)), which affected the whole surface. Afterwards, the infection site was surrounded by a ring of increased photosynthetic activity. The response of ozonated leaves was quite different. The reduction in Phi(PSII) was already evident...

Three different species of lupins, Lupinus albus , Lupinus luteus and Lupinus mutabilis were evaluated for vernalisation responses under glasshouse conditions. A range of genotypes in terms of maturity type were included from each species. Three weeks after emergence each line was vernalised from zero to four weeks in a cool room at 6° ±1 C with 14 h photoperiod. Vernalisation did not affect flowering time in early season genotypes of all lupin species. However, significant differences occurred in midseason to late flowering genotypes. All the responsive genotypes including very late wild types flowered after two weeks of vernalisation, indicating the most critical vernalisation period was two weeks. The leaf node numbers were not affected by vernalisation in early to midseason lines of all lupin species, but they were significantly affected in the late flowering lines indicating that the number of internodes in the later group is not fixed at emergence.

The wide range of plant responses to ammonium nutrition can be used to study the way ammonium interferes with plant metabolism and to assess some characteristics related with ammonium tolerance by plants. In this work we investigated the hypothesis of plant tolerance to ammonium being related with the plants' capacity to maintain high levels of inorganic nitrogen assimilation in the roots. Plants of several species (Spinacia oleracea L., Lycopersicon esculentum L., Lactuca sativa L., Pisum sativum L. and Lupinus albus L.) were grown in the presence of distinct concentrations (0.5, 1.5, 3 and 6 mM) of nitrate and ammonium. The relative contributions of the activity of the key enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS; under light and dark conditions) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were determined. The main plant organs of nitrogen assimilation (root or shoot) to plant tolerance to ammonium were assessed. The results show that only plants that are able to maintain high levels of GS activity in the dark (either in leaves or in roots) and high root GDH activities accumulate equal amounts of biomass independently of the nitrogen source available to the root medium and thus are ammonium tolerant. Plant species with high GS activities in the dark coincide with those displaying a high capacity for nitrogen metabolism in the roots. Therefore, the main location of nitrogen metabolism (shoots or roots) and the levels of GS activity in the dark are an important strategy for plant ammonium tolerance. The relative contribution of each of these parameters to species tolerance to ammonium is assessed. The efficient sequestration of ammonium in roots, presumably in the vacuoles, is considered as an additional mechanism contributing to plant tolerance to ammonium nutrition.

The antibacterial and anticandidal properties of essential oils obtained from 7 plant species used in traditional medicine in Saudi Arabia and other Middle East countries were evaluated for activity against test bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans using an agar dilution method. Our results showed that oils from Azadirachta indica, Ziziphus spine, Matricaria chamomilla,

Seven Lupinus albus L. landraces were selected, based on their geographic origin and the soil type and pH at the site of collection of the seeds, and compared with the cv. Kiev mutant. We hypothesised that those landraces collected from red/yellow acidic sands (pH 5–5.7) would be better at acquiring P from FePO4 or AlPO4 than those selected from brown neutral (pH 7) or fine, calcareous, alkaline sands (pH 9), and that those selected from fine calcareous sands would be more effective at acquiring P from Ca5OH(PO4)3. Plants were grown in sand and supplied with 40 mg P/kg as the above sparingly soluble forms, or as soluble KH2PO4; control plants received no P. All genotypes were able to use these P sources. Variation in using poorly soluble P was not due to differences in rhizosphere carboxylate concentration, cluster-root development, or rhizosphere-extract pH. L. albus landraces with a better ability to use P from different sparingly soluble forms could be exploited to develop cultiv...

An integral component of a conservation-tillage system in corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the use of a winter cover crop. A field experiment was initiated in 2002 to evaluate winter weed dynamics following various winter cover crops in both continuous cotton and ...