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This paper examines the inherent link between a countrys education system and its compar-ative advantage in trade. It suggests that di¤erences in education systems across countries are probably a stable equilibrium result that is compatible with and reinforced by trade patterns. In equilibrium, two distinct types of countries emerge, one that exports creativity-intensive prod-ucts and has an education system encouraging diversity (as illustrated by the US), and the other one that exports high-quality manufactured products and has an education system promoting homogeneity in student quality (as illustrated by Japan). Our …ndings present a novel expla-nation for the coexistence of low test scores of students and high economic performance in the US. JEL Classi…cation: F16, I20, J24.

This paper study about using of nonparametric
models for Gross National Product data in Turkey and Stanford heart
transplant data. It is discussed two nonparametric techniques called
smoothing spline and kernel regression. The main goal is to compare
the techniques used for prediction of the nonparametric regression
models. According to the results of numerical studies, it is concluded
that smoothing spline regression estimators are better than those of
the kernel regression.

This paper presents the design and analysis of a parallel connected inverter configuration of. The configuration consists of parallel connected three-phase dc/ac inverter. Series resistors added to the inverter output to maintain same current in each inverter of the two parallel inverters, and to reduce the circulating current in the parallel inverters to the minimum. High frequency third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM) employed to reduce the total harmonic distortion and to make maximum use of the voltage source. DSP was used to generate the THIPWM and the control algorithm for the converter. Selected experimental results have been shown to validate the proposed system.

This study examines primary school choice in seven states in rural north India, using data from a survey of schools and 1586 households in 274 villages. The analysis emphasizes the role of choice sets faced by rural households, given uneven provision of primary education, and of the relative importance of voice versus exit in household decisions on school choice. The overarching findings suggest that parents value the facilities and functionality of the chosen school and are sensitive to the characteristics of the alternatives available, with possible differences based on the gender of the child. Significantly, the odds that the chosen school is privately managed are lower when variables denoting quality of the government schools in the village are higher. However, the presence of vehicles for parental representation denoting voice does not matter in expected ways. Overall, parents might be discerning with respect to individual school characteristics rather than merely sorting over ...

Management consultancy, since its start as a profession and as a business 150 years ago, is expanding rapidly throughout the world. Management consulting is the rendering of assistance and independent advice about management issues. Management consultants have skills in research, analysis, communication and change management. They are able to identify problems, find relevant data, synthesize information, develop proposals for improvement, overcome resistance, transfer management techniques, and help clients to learn from experience. Besides traditional management consulting (e.g. strategy, organization, HR, change management, IT advice and project management) new service lines (e.g. development and integration excluding software development and outsourcing) also belong to this profession (Niedereicholz, 1996). Management consultants are agents in the dissemination of business knowledge thanks to their expertise and knowledge management practices. However, relatively few studies focu...

The impacts of feminist thinking can be traced on various subfields in linguistics and hence gave birth to new paradigms and approaches such as feminist pragmatics, feminist conversation analysis, feminist critical discourse analysis (FCDA), feminist sociolinguistics, and feminist post-structuralist discourse analysis (Edward & Milani, 2014). The feminists view language as an instrument to exercise power and coercion. Therefore, linguistic analysis with feminist approach, considering sociocultural factors, is produced in order to highlight the underlying mechanisms of the discourses to represent the powerful and oppressed groups. Similarly, feminist critical discourse analysis (FCDA) puts emphasis particularly on the ‘discourses which sustain a patriarchal social order: that is, relations of power that systematically privilege men as a social group and the disadvantage to excl ude and disempower women as a social group’ (Lazar 2005, p.5). Burck (2011) states that language not only s...

This Review Paper introducing the modeling of Brushed DC motor and different PID control techniques. A brushed DC motor is commutated an internally which is electric motor designed to be run by a direct current power supply. A Brushed motors were the first commercially important application for convert electric power to driving mechanical loads, and DC power distribution systems were used for more than 100 years to operate motors in commercial and industrial Applications. A conventional brushed DC Motor consist basically two parts,first one is the stationary body of the motor called the Stator and the other one is inner part which rotates producing the movement called the Rotor or " Armature " for DC motors. For the motion control of DC motor in almost applications, PID controller is used. The PID controllers have a long history in control engineering and they have been proven to be robust, simple and stable for many real world applications. Roughly, P action is related to the present error, I action is based on the past history of error, and D action is related to the future behavior of the error. From estimation point of view P, D, and I correspond to filtering, smoothing and prediction problems respectively.This control mode is combination of the Proportional, the Integral, and the Derivative mode. This is most powerful but complex controller mode. It provides accurate and stable control of the three controller mode. It is recommended in system where the load changes frequently. The Three-term , PID controllers are probably the most widely used industrial controller. An Even complex industrial control systems may comprises a control network whose main control building block is a PID control module. The three-term PID controller has had a long history of use and has survived the changes of technology from the analogue era in to the digital computer control system age quite satisfactorily. It was the first controller to be mass produced for the high-range volume market that existed in the process industries.

The emergence of new technologies in the era of globalization and liberalization entirely changed the nature of business transactions. By the evolution of business life cycles business transactions became very complex and managing risk became a challenging task for the organizations. Good corporate governance became a key word to handle accounting scandals and to mitigate growing concern about the quality of financial statements. Various committees have been formed globally to improve the effectiveness of corporate governance, in Zimbabwe, Audit committee from Cadbury committee report to Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe’s guidelines. This essay seeks to identify corporate governance challenges faced by Premier Services Medical Aid Society (PSMAS); these include lack of clear responsibility and accountability, lack of risk management, low levels transparency and disclosure, excessive bureaucracy, political interference, legal issues and nepotism.  Measures to address the challenges will be discussed making reference to Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe guideline and International codes of corporate governance.

Los ingenieros se ven enfrentados generalmente a la toma de decisiones en situaciones en donde la incertidumbre, el azar y el riesgo, son relevantes. La formación en probabilidad y estadística es importante para su desempeño laboral. Se presenta una breve descripción de las técnicas estadísticas de mayor uso para generar información útil en la toma de decisiones, junto con algunas áreas y disciplinas que guardan relación con la ingeniería, para las cuales la probabilidad y la estadística tienen aplicación.

Levy Institute scholars and conference participants. The purpose of the series is to disseminate ideas to and elicit comments from academics and professionals. Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, founded in 1986, is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, independently funded research organization devoted to public service. Through scholarship and economic research it generates viable, effective public policy responses to important economic problems that profoundly affect the quality of life in the United States and abroad.

This paper assesses the extent to which teachers ’ actions in the classroom influence the school environment. The assessment is based on a statistical analysis of videotaped classroom observations of 51,329 teachers. The classroom environment was found to have a significant influence on students ’ performance. More specifically, the teacher’s ability to handle the class as a group is consistently more significant than other measures of class environment. It was also founds that the overall school environment is a better predictor of students ’ test results than the environment in the classrooms of the students whose test results are being reported. This suggests that the most effective course of action would be to improve the overall school environment, although individual teachers have less control over this factor.

RESUMO: Em Introdução à filosofia (Einführung in die Philosophie), Edith Stein examina a questão do conhecimento, explicitando a impossibilidade de se conhecer completamente o que é individual; no caso do indivíduo humano, a investigação se es-tende para a análise da possibilidade ou a impossibilidade de se conhecer o eu. Examinando os estudos da pensadora sobre o conhecimento da subjetividade e tomando como fio condutor as análises de Edmund Husserl acerca da autoapreensão do ego puro, é possível destacar a importância dos papéis da evidência e da intuição do ponto de vista fenomenológico nos momentos constitutivos do ato de conhecer, especialmente, no que se refere ao caráter singular da pessoa humana.
Palavras-chave: Edith Stein; Edmund Husserl; Eu; Evidência; Conhecimento.

ABSTRACT: On Introduction to Philosophy (Einführung in die Philosophie), Edith Stein examines the question of knowledge, explaining the impossibility of knowing completely what individual is; in the case of the human individual, the investigation is extended to the analysis of the possibility or the impossibility of knowing the “I”. Examining Edith Stein’s studies of the knowledge of subjectivity and Edmund Husserl’s analysis of self-apprehension of pure ego, it is possible to emphasize the importance of the roles of evidence and of intuition from the phenomenological point of view in the constitutive moments of the act of knowing, specially, with regard to the singular character of the human person.
Keywords: Edith Stein; Edmund Husserl; I; Evidence; Knowledge.

(Artigo elaborado com o apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES).

Abstract: A separation of provider and purchaser roles- together with performance-based reimbursement- were recently introduced in several county councils, which are the local governments that provide and fund almost all health care in Sweden. These changes have been motivated by efficiency and consumer choice arguments. In this paper we analyze the outcome of the former by studying differences in productive performance for county councils with and without new internal organizations. Performance is measured in terms of technical efficiency and productivity growth. The performance measures are estimated using data envelopment analysis. Using data for the 26 county councils between 1989 and 1994 we find differences in mean efficiency between the two groups, indicating higher technical efficiency in the group with performance based reimbursement (internal markets). Differences in productivity growth are also found, although the differences are significant in one period only.

Un problema común en ingeniería, es la determinación de estrategias que faciliten el ajuste de parámetros que optimicen el funcionamiento de los procesos. Esta búsqueda de parámetros puede encontrar funcionamientos aceptables, los cuales en un conjunto de soluciones son denominados máximos locales, que son aceptables pero no se acercan en eficiencia al máximo global de la solución. Este artículo explora los Algoritmos Genéticos, como estrategia de búsqueda en diferentes líneas de la ingeniería, ilustrando sus utilidades en problemas de optimización, donde se procura la  localización del máximo global. A través de ejemplos el documento muestra que esta metodología de búsqueda, puede encontrar la mejor solución al problema planteado y optimizar el desempeño del proceso.

Saat ini sumber energi yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia adalah energi fosil yang berupa bahan bakar minyak. Indonesia sendiri saat ini masih sangat tergantung pada energi fosil. Hampir 95% dari kebutuhan energi Indonesia masih disuplai oleh energi fosil. Sekitar 50% dari energi fosil tersebut adalah minyak bumi dan sisanya adalah gas dan batubara. Energi fosil adalah energi yang tak terbarukan dan akan habis pada beberapa tahun yang akan datang. Diprediksi tidak lebih dari 50 tahun lagi energi fosil di dunia akan habis. Selain karena akan habis, energi fosil juga berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Emisi gas rumah kaca dari pembakaran energi fosil berdampak pada pemanasan global yang menyebabkan perubahan iklim. Karena itulah energi pengganti fosil sangat diperlukan untuk kebutuhan energi di masa yang akan datang. Energi alternatif merupakan solusi dari permasalahan-permasalahan di atas. Beberapa energi alternatif telah dikembangkan seperti panas bumi, biomassa, sinar matahari, nuklir, dan sebagainya. Kebanyakan energi alternatif yang dikembangkan merupakan energi terbarukan. Namun ada pula yang tidak terbarukan, salah satunya nuklir. Namun nuklir dapat menjadi energi alternatif karena lebih ramah lingkungan dan sangat hemat sehingga ketersediaannya di alam dapat digunakan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Berikut inilah 7 sumber energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil; 1. Panas Bumi Panas bumi merupakan energi yang alami dan terdapat di dalam bumi hasil dari interaksi antara panas batuan dan air. Energi ini merupakan energi terbarukan. Menurut UU No. 27/2003; Panas bumi adalah sumber energi panas yang terkandung di dalam air panas, uap air, dan batuan bersama mineral ikutan dan gas lainnya yang secara genetik semuanya tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam satu sistem panas bumi dan untuk pemanfaatannya diperlukan proses penambangan. Sistem panas bumi terdiri dari Heat Sources, Reservoir dan Clay Cap, dan adanya Hydrology System. Seperti inilah sistem panas bumi: Sistem Panas Bumi (klik gambar untuk memperbesar) Sumber: Dirjen EBTKE Kementerian ESDM Indonesia memiliki potensi panas bumi yang sangat besar yaitu mencapai 29.215 MW atau sekitar 40% dari cadangan panas bumi di seluruh dunia. Saat ini potensi tersebut baru digunakan sekitar 1.281 MW (Data Badan Geologi bulan Desember 2011). Dengan potensi sebesar itu, Indonesia diprediksi oleh Al Gore, mantan Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat, mampu menjadi negara super power pengguna energi panas bumi. Al Gore mengatakan hal itu saat membuka KTT Asia-Pasific The Climate Project di Jakarta pada tahun 2011.