Birds (Ecology)

Habitat use in birds of prey is still not really understood yet. In this study, the foraging behaviour of five Lesser Spotted Eagles (Clanga pomarina) in north eastern Germany were investigated. A dataset of GPS-fixes was used to determine, which crop types were used the most as hunt-ing sites. All of the five studied Eagles preferred to hunt on grasslands (pastures, hay meadows). Even though the availability for pastures was low, the Eagles hunted mostly there. This was found within a 1 km radius around the Eagles eyries. With respect to mowing, the Eagles hunted mostly on cereal fields as well as on rape seed fields after mowing. Grasslands was frequented before and after mowing.
Furthermore, the dataset of one of these five Lesser Spotted Eagles in this thesis was unique in relation to data availability. The combination of vegetation data (types of crop, mowing dates of grassland and crops), field observations of the tagged Eagles and GPS-fixes were in this case available for the first time. This allowed for the detection of crop types which were preferred for hunting by the Eagle and the assessment of differences between mown and unmown areas. Beside the conservation of extensively used grasslands, structural diversity of areas with small lakes, field hatches and solitary trees are also substantial for the preservation.
Moreover, the conservation practices for the Lesser Spotted Eagle have been rethought in terms of an environmentally ethical approach. Attributed to the holism, an environmental ethic that ascribes an intrinsic value to all creatures and existing entities, the Lesser Spotted Eagle is valuable on its own like a human. In this case most of the conservation practices are appropriated because humans want to compensate the mistake of reducing the population in Germany.
Therefore the conservation practices should focus more on bans for shootings at migration routes and achieve agricultural changes which can positively influence other species

The eighth international census of Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus wintering in Britain, Ireland and Iceland (also including the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands) took place in January 2020, to update the estimates of the size, midwinter distribution, habitat use and breeding success of the Icelandic Whooper Swan population. The total of 43,255 swans counted represented a 27.2% increase in numbers since the previous census in 2015. Overall, 36.8% of the population (15,927 birds) was recorded in England, 33.4% (14,467) in the Republic of Ireland, 11.7% (5,052) in Scotland, 10.7% (4,644) in Northern Ireland and 6.8% (2,923) in Iceland, with < 1% (242) in Wales, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands combined. Despite numbers increasing in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland since 2015, the proportion of the total population in the Republic of Ireland was significantly lower in 2020 and no significant difference was detected for Northern Ireland, whereas proportions in England and Scotland were significantly higher in 2020 and lower in Iceland. Breeding success was not associated with temperatures on either the breeding or wintering grounds. It also showed no clear trend over time, suggesting that increased survival may be the demographic driver of the population growth.

Bentang lahan Lembah Permai tersusun atas kebun campuran dengan komposisi tanaman buah-buahan (rambutan, nangka, mangga, pisang, durian, kelapa) yang bercampur dengan kebun kakao dan pepohonan yang tumbuh alami. Terdapat 18 (delapan belas) jenis burung yang berhasil diidentifikasi, statusnya resiko rendah (least concern-LC) berdasarkan kategori IUCN Red List.

Im 19. Jahrhundert, genau in einer Zeit in der viele neue wissenschaftliche Disziplinen und Fächer geboren wurden, interagierten Kunst und Wissenschaft zunehmend. Inspiriert von Alexander von Humboldts Ansichten und Erfahrungen, arbeiteten zahlreiche Künstler und Wissenschaftler an gemeinsamen Projekten, wie Weltreisen, Naturforschungen und Publikationen. Es entstanden nicht nur viele Kontakte, Netzwerke und Freundschaften zwischen Künstlern und Naturwissenschaftlern, sondern es kam auch zu spannenden und innovativen Zusammenarbeiten. Das 1864–1869 durch das Bibliographische Institut herausgegebene Illustrirte Thierleben gilt als eine exemplarische Zusammenarbeit zwischen einem Naturforscher und einem Künstler, namentlich Alfred Brehm und Robert Kretschmer.

Birds encounter climate at the scale of microclimates that can vary rapidly in time and space and so understanding potential vulnerability and adaptations to those microclimates requires fine‐scale measurements that accurately track thermal exposures. However, few options exist for recording the microclimates actually experienced by birds (realized microclimates). We constructed and tested a simple, low‐cost, temperature logger for recording the realized microclimates of ground‐nesting birds. We developed attachment protocols for band‐mounting Thermochron iButtons on Ring‐billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) chicks. We tested these mounted, temperature‐logging devices on 20 chicks weighing > 200 g (device weight was 4 g), attaching devices for 48 h and observing behavior before and after attachment and removal. Devices recorded temperature immediately surrounding the leg at 2‐min intervals. Recorded temperatures were strong predictors of observed thermoregulatory behaviors (panting and sitting), outperforming predictions based on air temperatures measured by basic, static approaches. Through comparison with matched controls (chicks with just a band), we detected no adverse physiological effects of devices, no effects on social or feeding behavior, and only a short‐term decrease in inactivity immediately after device attachment (likely due to increased preening). By attaching iButtons to the legs of birds, we quantified realized thermal exposure, integrating air temperature, modes of environmental heat transfer, and bird behavior at microclimatic scales. Although not yet validated for broader use, our approach (including possible miniaturization) should be suitable to measure thermal exposure of adults, not just chicks, allowing collection of data concerning thermal exposures during flight under field conditions. At ~ $25 USD per device, our approach facilitates experimental protocols with robust sample sizes, even for relatively modest budgets.

En muchas especies es imposible distinguir visualmente los sexos, si bien en algunas de
ellas, machos y hembras muestran pequeñas, pero cuantificables, diferencias  biométricas que pueden usarse para discriminarlos. Este es el caso del grupo de los mosquiteros Phylloscopus, en los que se usa la longitud alar para distinguir los sexos. Hemos desarrollado un método en el que además del ala se tiene en cuenta el tarso y en el que mediante probabilidades multivariantes hemos aumentado la proporción de individuos que se pueden discriminar en tres especies: mosquitero común P. collybita, mosquitero musical P. trochilus y mosquitero ibérico P. ibericus. Además, nuestro método de sexado no tiene sesgos hacia uno de los dos sexos. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una guía práctica para la implementación de nuestro método usando el software libre R.

Unwanted sound or noise can very much damage one's psychological health like hypertension, high stress levels, tinnitus, hearing loss, sleep disturbances and other harmful effects. Specifically, it can also pose physiological changes to wildlife like increased heart rate, body shifting and wastage of stored energy, panic and escape behavior, avoidance of habitat and unattractiveness to mate (Radle, 2007). From all of these, the need to study and preserve natural soundscape comes into play. Natural soundscape, as concluded by many scientific studies can provide a good escape from noise pollution in the metro, thus, preservation and conservation of natural soundscape as a biophilic approach in designing and planning urban designs tapped new urban informatics and methodological analysis beneficial for the modern age metropolitan.

No Brasil, 53 espécies de aves são noturnas e crepusculares. Mesmo sendo a região ecotonal do Cerrado e Mata Atlân-tica no sul do estado de Minas Gerais orni-tologicamente bem estudada, ainda não há levantamentos focando as espécies de aves noturnas e crepusculares. São apresentados registros de 28 espécies de hábitos noturnos e crepusculares, o que representa 53% das espécies desta categoria ocorrentes no país. Comenta-se sobre a distribuição regional das espécies, destacando-se as ameaçadas, visando gerar bases para futuras ações de conservação e preservação. Palavras chaves: levantamento, aves noturnas e crepusculares, sul de Minas Gerais. Abstract. Birds with nocturnal and twilight habits in areas with great biodiversity in southern Minas Gerais. In Brazil, 53 species of birds are nocturnal and crepuscular. Even though the ecotonal region of the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in southern Minas Gerais is ornithologically well studied, there are still no surveys focusing on the nocturnal and twilight bird species. Here, we present records of 28 nocturnal and crepuscular, which represents 53% of the species in this category occurring in Bra-zil. We comment on the species' regional distribution and highlight the threatened species, aiming togenerate bases for future conservation and preservation actions.

Estuaries and coastal lagoons around the world are wetlands of great
importance and they are regularly targeted as prime conservation sites.
Many include wildlife refuges and have nature reserves that were set up in
areas preserved from development in order to keep valuable species and
habitats, while maintaining traditions and sustained use.
Tidal wetlands are often mentioned in the literature as natural habitats
with high biological productivity. The net primary production in a salt
marsh is often higher than in temperate or tropical forests and this productivity
is directly linked to the important role halophytes play in estuaries,
in terms of the value-added.
Salt marshes may be a sink of heavy metals. The ability to phytostabilize
contaminants in the rhizo-sediment is an important aspect in the selfremediative
processes and biogeochemistry of this ecosystem, and will
help fi ltering natural and anthropogenic loads of nutrients and pollutants
discharged into the wetland.
There is also a provision of rare and unique habitats, which support nursery
grounds for commercial fi sh and wildlife, including vital feeding grounds
for many migratory birds. Rediscovered as a new source of amenity and leisure
activities for the population living in urban areas, salt marsh halophytes
and estuaries have an important role in the preservation of biodiversity.
In this paper we discuss the support of the salt marsh ecosystem to the
estuarine birds, and consequently its contribution for biodiversity.

Point counts are widely used to assess bird diversity. However, this method has some limitations and can be affected by observer bias. For this reason, it is commonly complemented with other methods (e.g., mist-nets, sound recordings). Surprisingly, camera traps are rarely used on birds, despite being a common approach for wildlife monitoring. This approach has many advantages: minimum observer interference, little demanding in the field, cost-effective, and can be operated over large areas and long periods. We contrasted the results of point counts and camera traps along a 450-km transect, comprising four habitat types (old-and second-growth native forests, logged forests, and abandoned forestry plantations). We detected 21 understory bird species using point counts (effectiveness of 91.3%) and 18 species using camera traps (effectiveness of 78.3%). From those, we detected 16 species with both methods. Species richness estimations across habitats were variable when we used point counts, but we found similar results with camera traps. Point counts performed better on large-bodied and conspicuous species, camera traps were less biased towards body size and conspicuousness and performed better than point counts in some cases. Camera traps are a useful approach to assess understory bird diversity, providing similar results than point counts. Furthermore, we can obtain better results if we use both methods simultaneously.

The microphone is the main component of the recording equipment used in bioacoustics. There is currently a wide range of microphones in the market; choosing the right one is a difficult task, if the specifications are unknown, and rarely described. This study describes and compares acoustic features of the main commercial microphones as well as a couple of homemade devices. We determined and compared the microphones fidelity to a scale of frequencies ranging between 100 Hz and 20,000 Hz, and two bird sample vocalizations, with a range from 300 Hz to 10,000 Hz. This experiment was conducted at the Gamboa research station of the Smithsonian Institute in Panama in September of 2012. The professional microphones had the highest correlation values; nonetheless, the homemade microphones also had high values and a close-to-professional fidelity. The study allowed us to determine that, in order to choose an adequate microphone for a specific research objective, it is essential to know the acoustic features. Furthermore, we concluded that homemade microphones are a viable option, which offers acceptable fidelity and can reduce the production costs in more than 50 percent

ในอนาคตอันใกลนี้ หากมีโครงการพัฒนาขนาดใหญเกิดขึ้นในพื้นที่ชายฝงอาวไทยตอนใน อาจจะทํา
ใหแหลงอาศัยหลักชวงนอกฤดูผสมพันธุ (wintering grounds) ลดนอยลง ซึ่งจะสงผลกระทบตอนกชายเลน
อพยพชนิดอื่นๆ ดวย เพราะนกชายเลนหากินสัตวหนาดินขนาดเล็กที่อาศัยอยูตามหาดเลน/ หาดทราย ไดแก
ไสเดือนทะเล ปลาวัยออน ครัสเตเชียน (กุง/ ปู)แมลง และตัวออนแมลง เปนอาหาร ดังนั้น การเปลี่ยนแปลง
สภาพ หรือการพัฒนาขนาดใหญในพื้นที่ดังกลาว ซึ่งในชวงระยะกอสราง และดําเนินโครงการอาจมีการ
เปลี่ยนแปลงการไหลเวียนของน้ําทะเล หรือฝุนตะกอนที่อาจปนเปอนในระบบนิเวศหาดเลน/ หาดทราย ยอม
สงผลตอจํานวนประชากรของนกชายเลนอพยพเหลานี้ทั้งสิ้น

The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) began successfully breeding a pair of wild-caught birds in its Species Survival Center on Saint Catherine Island off the Georgia coast in 1988. Beginning in 1996, the offspring from this pair were transferred to the WCS/Bronx Zoo in New York, where they continue to be part of a successful breeding and research program.  At the time of this publication, 29 maleo have been successfully hatched and reared to adulthood at the WCS facilities.

Despite the rapid urban transformation in green space in most cities in Ghana, knowledge on urban tree diversity and the evidence of the consequences of built-up expansion on trees is scanty. This article provides a novel contribution to the current urban trees abundance and richness in Kumasi Metropolitan Area, Ghana. Post classification change detection technique was applied to quantify urban land use land cover (LULC) transformations (urban forest, agricultural, riparian vegetation and built-up) from 2007 to 2017. Species rank abundance distribution and richness were quantified using geometric series and individual-based rarefaction models. A total of 858 individual trees belonging to 76 taxa were recorded across the four LULC classes. Species abundance distributions in three LULC types varied substantially, with the exception of riparian LULC (slope [k] ¼ 0.086 6 0.12, v 2 P ¼ 19.42, P ¼ 0.15). Land use pressure led to a 13.56 km 2 reduction in forest cover, while built-up and agricultural LULC increased by 31.13 and 1.85 km 2 , respectively. These disturbances did not only affect indigenous tree dominance (41.3%) in favour of exotic species (58.7%) in the agricultural and built-up LULC types but also impacted on tree abundance (n ¼ 126) and richness (n ¼ 28) in agricultural land compared to abundance (n ¼ 280) and richness (n ¼ 67.86) in forest cover. Despite the contribution of LULC transformation to increase in tree diversity, there is the likelihood of future dominance of exotic species in the Metropolis if urban planners do not institute measures to conserve indigenous species.

Il volume racconta gli uccelli segnalati nell'oasi del Lago del Frassino, l'enorme importanza di questo sito per le anatre tuffatrici, le possibilità di birdwatching nelle stagioni. Tutte le 160 specie note per questa zona protetta (e due aufughe) sono elencate in una dettagliata check-list, 42 delle più comuni sono illustrate nel dettaglio in schede dedicate, dove per ognuna si ricorda l'abbondanza, la frequenza e le abitudini nel Veronese e al Frassino, indicando anche i nomi dialettali. Sono ricordate nel dettaglio anche tutte le specie acquatiche e i rapaci. Una guida all'identificazione delle anatre tuffatrici aiuta il lettore grazie a immagini e disegni. Al volume è anche allegato un CD audio con le voci di 54 diverse specie! Le voci delle associazioni protezionistiche ricordano l'importanza di quest'oasi e della salvaguardia dell'ambiente.

A study of food provisioning of Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis chicks showed that a single chick (Nest 1) received 1,456 food deliveries, while two chicks (Nest 2) received 755 food deliveries during 30 hours of observations. Mean food provisioning rate (FPR) for Nest 1 was 0.79 food deliveries per min-1 (SD = ± 0.64). Mean
FPR for Nest 2 was 0.43 food deliveries per min-1 (SD = ± 0.27). Four observation periods chosen at random for Nest 2 showed that the percentage of fish delivered ranged from 46.5% to 93.5%. Deliveries of fish at Nest 1 were rare, and there was no significant difference in mean FPR between Nest 1 and Nest 2.

Endozoochory is usually involved in seed dispersal mutualisms, whereas ectozoochory is non-rewarding, and therefore neutral (or even negative) for the animal vector. Synzoochory is an intermediate dispersal type between endo and ectozoochory in which propagules are deliberately transported (usually in the mouth) but with no ingestion or gut passage involved. We present empirical evidence of synzoochoric mutualism between the hummingbird Sephanoides sephaniodes and cryptogams (one fern and seven moss species). Two species (Lophosoria quadripinnata and Ancistrodes genuflexa) constituted the bulk of nest biomass, and another six moss species were  present in lesser quantity. The hummingbird was selective when collecting nest material so that the nests contained a higher density of reproductive structures (that could be dispersed further) than natural patches of the cryptogam species. Even after one year, the nests maintained half of the original reproductive structures (sporangia, sporophytes) and biomass, constituting an important dispersal source. These results show a new type of mutualism in which mosses could be dispersed throughout longer distances (several kilometers) by hummingbirds and to higher positions (particularly for ground-living species, promoting dispersal potential). The hummingbird benefits from collecting cryptogam material for nest building, and cryptogams benefit from the concentration and relocation of diaspore sources into more effective recruiting sites. Similar mutualistic relationships could be a general phenomenon, of importance in many ecosystems.

The Western Ghats are a world renowned Biodiversity Hotspot with high endemic value and an abundance of natural resources. However, the forest habitats have been severely depleted and fragmented resulting in a degraded system of discrete, disconnected primary forest fragments, set in an agricultural landscape with areas of scrubland and secondary forest growth. The modern era of exploitation can be traced back to the colonial years and has been continued in in recent times as urban development and population growth squeeze natural ecosystems into smaller spaces. It has been noted that throughout this era of exploitation there has been a tendency towards management concentrated on discrete forest patches, which lack data and knowledge regarding their ecological communities. As habitats continue to be degraded there is a need to fill these knowledge gaps and improve habitat management towards catchment and landscape-scale thinking. The research presented here focuses on Avian-floristic relationship, nature education and community exploitation of forest resources. It combines mega flora diversity, tree species assemblage and abundance, density, species richness canopy cover and bird diversity along with surveys of village inhabitants. The aim is to understand the quality of different forest types, specifically primary and secondary forests, work with village communities to understand their need to exploit forest resources, and how this exploitation impacts the ecologies of the forests. Finally, suggestions for improved management of forests are offered placing the forest fragments into the context of landscape-scale conservation management. A bark identification key was developed to assist with identifying tree species divided into 9 bark types. It was shown that
Legumenosae followed by Moraceae are dominant tree species in the forests. While the inventory revealed 61 species of trees and 85 bird species within the forests. The results showed the canopy cover structure and Gap Light Analysis (%Canopy openness and %transmitted gap light) interlinked and how these change season by season. The village surveys highlighted a need to develop awareness raising within local communities. However, it was found that poverty and poor resources forced people to exploit the forests. Thus, poverty was a clear driver for accessing the forests for products such as food, firewood and medicinal plants. This direct forest exploitation was further exacerbated by agricultural encroachment, particularly of livestock grazing.
Bird species displayed a clear preference towards primary forests suggesting a richer habitat in both plant and invertebrate species. This highlighted the need to protect primary forests. At the same time it was felt important to recommend extending forest cover through regeneration of trees in plots adjacent to primary forests. Other conservation measures recommended included better management of riparian zones, increased wildlife corridor cover as well as improved resources for the rural poor who are forced to exploit primary forests despite the negative impacts of such exploitation.

The vegetation in the habitats of the endemic montane grassland bird Nilgiri Pipit at Palani Hills and Nilgiri Hills of southern Western Ghats is delineated in this study. Threats to the habitats of the Nilgiri Pipit by invasive plants species is also discussed.

The Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus began to breed in the Veneto region in the years 1992-1994. Initially, it settled in the foothills and mountains in the provinces of Treviso, Belluno, Vi- cenza and Verona. Later it nested in the Colli Euganei (PD), Colli Berici (VI) and with a few pairs in the province of Rovigo. After a period of increase in its nesting population, since about 2010 it has shown a decrease in Veneto of 35% in the extreme values detected, with the current population estimated at 45-50 pairs over the last five years. Only 2-3 pairs have bred on isolated buildings or within inhabited areas. The remaining pairs have occupied niches or ledges in mountainous or hilly areas. Some human activities in the vicinity of the breeding sites, such as forestry activities and in particular winter forest felling near the nesting cliffs, and rock climbing activities, have had an impact.

Birds are one of the most diverse groups of ecosystem
service providers, whose ecological functions range
from creating soil to shaping primate behavior, Nevertheless,
the impression that birds have little influence on
ecological processes has been hard to change. Given the
ongoing declines in avian functional groups, there is a
pressing need to compare avian ecological functions to
those of other taxa, to understand how these functions
translate to ecosystem services and to estimate the
ecological implications of bird declines. Here, I review
the ecological functions of birds, link them to ecosystem
services and outline research priorities for understanding
avian contributions to ecosystem functioning.

The marine environment of the atolls of Scilly (Manuae) and Mopelia (Maupiha'a), located at the western end of French Polynesia, is still very little studied, as well as terrestrial and marine birds. An ornithological inventory of Scilly and Mopelia atolls has been carried out on part of a scientific mission conducted from 25 November to 8 December 2014.
The assembly of seabirds in these atolls is particularly diverse with respectively 9 and 11 species observed in Scilly and Mopelia, with 4 confirmed breeding species in Scilly and 10 in Mopelia in the 17 of the Society Island and in the 28 of French Polynesia. Many seabird colonies are located on the uninhabited motus (islet) and not exploited for coprah. The main motu of Mopelia houses a large Sooty Tern colony of about 110 000 pairs, while Vini peruviana, a protected species of category A, present on only a few atolls and classified as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, is widespread on the two atolls. The absence of the black Rat and the relatively small predation threats of invasive or introduced species help to preserve the richness of avian heritage of these islands. These atolls are therefore important areas for bird conservation.

Le milieu marin des atolls de Scilly (Manuae) et Mopelia (Maupiha’a), situés à l’extrémité Ouest de la Polynésie française, est encore très peu étudié, de même que l’avifaune terrestre et marine. Un inventaire ornithologique des atolls de Scilly et Mopelia a été réalisé sur dans le cadre d’une mission scientifique menée du 25 novembre au 8 décembre 2014.
L’assemblage des oiseaux marins de ces atolls est particulièrement diversifié avec 9 et 11 espèces rencontrées respectivement à Scilly et Mopelia, pour 4 espèces reproductrices confirmées à Scilly et 10 à Mopelia, sur les 17 de la Société et les 28 de la Polynésie française. De nombreuses colonies d’oiseaux marins sont situées sur les motu inhabités et non exploités pour le coprah. Le motu principal de Mopelia abrite une importante colonie de Sterne fuligineuse d’environ 110 000 couples, tandis que le Vini peruviana, espèce protégée de catégorie A présente uniquement sur quelques atolls et classée vulnérable sur la liste rouge de l’UICN, est largement répandu sur les 2 atolls. L’absence du Rat noir et les menaces liées à la prédation d’espèces invasives ou introduites encore relativement réduites ont permis de préserver la richesse du patrimoine avien de ces îles. Ces atolls constituent donc des zones importantes pour la conservation des oiseaux.

The increasing expansion of productive lands around the world during the last decades constitutes a strong driver of biodiversity loss, as they are usually established near to high diversity areas. Despite many studies that have compared bird diversity between natural and productive systems, a global synthesis is still missing and important for understanding how biodiversity is being altered. We conducted a meta-analysis based on 144 case studies to assess the effects of four types of plantations (forestry, oil palm, coffee, and cacao) on bird species richness and abundance. We examined those effects in function of plantation type, latitudinal zone (temperate or tropical), geographical context (mainland or island), zoogeographic zone, and biodiversity hotspots. Plantations presented negative effects on both bird species richness and abundance. Oil palm plantations showed more negative effects followed by forestry plantations, whereas coffee and cacao agroforestry plantations had no significant effects. Those effects were geographically variable, being more pronounced in islands and temperate zones, as well as at the Oriental, Palearctic, and Neotropical zoogeograghic regions, and at the Sundaland and Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspots. Our results showed that productive systems reduce both species richness and abundance of bird species, being insular species particularly susceptible. Exotic monocultures with low structural heterogeneity (e.g., oil palm plantations) derive in highly impoverished bird communities dominated by generalist species. We identified South East Asia, tropical South America, and the Mediterranean Basin as the most threatened regions because of the sensitivity of their bird communities and the increasing rates of native forest replacement. K E Y W O R D S abundance, commercial plantations, islands, latitude, meta-analysis, productive systems, species richness

Le Chott de Djendli (3700 ha) appartient au complexe des zones humides Sud-constantinoises. L’étude menée de février 2006 à mars 2007 nous a permis la caractérisation bioécologique des éléments tant biotiques qu’abiotiques du site. Elle nous a également permis d’avoir un aperçu sur son importance, en étudiant et en suivant plusieurs paramètres physico-chimiques du sol et de l’eau ainsi que la richesse floristique et faunistique. En effet, nous avons déterminé le…

ECOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES IN LAKE AYATA (OUED RIGH VALLEY: NORTHERN ALGERIAN SAHARA).
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ABSTRACT: Ayata Lake (155 ha) belongs to the complex of wetlands of Oued Righ Valley in Algerian Lower-Sahara. This study conducted between October 2009 and June 2010 has allowed a bioecological characterization of both biotic and abiotic elements of the site.
Flora and fauna Inventories have revealed existence of 13 plant species, 03 fish, 02 amphibians, 06 reptiles, 55 birds and 07 mammals. The flora of the site is mapped then the dynamics of dominant plant species is assessed by GIS software. Bio-ecological Statuses (faunal, trophic, phenological and protection) are attributed to the species surveyed and they are discussed. The spatiotemporal occupation of the lake by birds is mapped and detailed. Furthermore, this study includes a general review on wetlands ecosystems. Wetlands of the Lower-Sahara region (Ziban, Souf, valley of Oued Righ, and Ouargla) are inventoried, classified and mapped. This approach helped to highlight the biological resources of Ayata Lake and determine its actual ecological value. This can lead to propose suggestions for management and conservation close to its socioeconomic status in a sustainable development view.

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RÉSUMÉ: Le Lac Ayata (155 ha) appartient au complexe des zones humides de la Vallée d’Oued Righ au Bas-Sahara algérien. L’étude menée entre octobre 2009 et juin 2010 a permis une caractérisation bioécologique des éléments tant biotiques qu’abiotiques du site. Les inventaires de la flore et de la faune ont révélé l’existence de 13 espèces végétales, 03 poissons, 02 amphibiens, 06 reptiles, 55 oiseaux et 07 mammifères. La flore du site est cartographiée et la dynamique saisonnière des espèces dominantes est estimée par un logiciel de SIG. Des statuts bioécologiques (fauniques, trophiques, phénologiques et de protection) sont attribués aux espèces animales inventoriées puis ils sont discutés. L’occupation spatiotemporelle du lac par l’avifaune est cartographiée et détaillée. Par ailleurs, cette étude comporte des connaissances générales sur les des zones humides. Celles-ci sont inventoriées, classifiées puis cartographies dans la région du Bas-Sahara (Ziban, Souf, Vallée d’Oued Righ et Ouargla). Cette approche a permis de mettre en valeur les ressources biologiques du site et de déterminer son importance écologique. Ceci peut aboutir à des suggestions de gestion et de conservation étroites à son état socioéconomique dans une prospection d’un développement durable.

The monograph is dedicated to study the ecological traits of quail populations in natural and transformed ecosystems, its migration, and an analysis of conservation measures to preserve these birds. The work presents for the first time a complex study of the quail nesting densities in various biotopes of the five different physico-geographic zones of Ukraine. An estimate of the population numbers in Ukraine is presented. Specific traits of biotopic distribution of the quail populations were studied in different regions of the country.
The migratory routes of the quail and their changes during seasonal migrations in Ukraine were studied for the period 1975-2005. Based on questionnaire data, we demonstrate statistically significant differences in arrival and departure dates between regions with early and late spring and autumn migration terms.

Historically the species was widespread and very common; the decline of the population probably took place at the end of 19th century and went on in the first decades of the 20th century. At the moment there are 20-22/25 breeding pairs, 15-20 of which in the north-west while the others are to be found in the middle-east and in the south of the island. The current population is the same estimated in the period 1970-1980, but compared to the past the range has reduced. The species breeds on trees (h 13-20 m) on open valleys, usually in groves and reforestation areas, also near urban areas and roads above 3-400 m above sea level. The earliest layings take place around mid-March, juveniles fledge between the first two weeks of June and July. In Sardinia it is a regularly migratory and wintering species, but data are inadequate in order to understand whether the whole population is sedentary. Limiting factors are linked above all to direct human intervention (poaching, poisoned bites, etc.) and to changes in farming techniques and sheep-breeding. Besides, individuals wounded or killed by firearms and nests deserted owing to photographers disturbance were recorded. Another danger is represented by electrical power lines and, above all, by wind farms: these are growing considerably
on the whole Sardinian territory and are endangering other protected birds of prey such as Gyps fulvus, Circus sp., Aquila chrysaetos and other rare species such as Tetrax tetrax.

Çeviren: Murat Erşen

ARKA KAPAK

Yaşamın sağduyulu ustaları kuşların, doğallıkları ve hafiflikleriyle bize söyleyecekleri çok şey var. Yeter ki onlara kulak verelim.

Ömrünü kuşları izleyerek geçirmiş Fransız kuş bilimci Philippe J. Dubois ve filozof Élise Rousseau, kuşların yaşamlarından ilham almış yirmi iki küçük hayat dersi ile bizi –evrimin tepesinde olduğunu düşünerek kendini “dünyanın efendisi” ilan eden bizi!– önce kendimiz üzerine düşünmeye, sonra da kanatlarımızı açmaya davet ediyor.

15 dile çevrilen Kuşların Felsefesi’ni okurken kızılgerdanın neden kartaldan daha cesur olduğunu, kuzey denizkırlangıcının bize “yola çıkmak” hakkında neler öğretebileceğini ve –yeşilbaş ve penguenin göstereceği üzere– sevmenin en iyi yolunun akıldan mı yoksa kalpten mi geçtiğini keşfedeceksiniz. Doğanın ritmini duymamızı sağlayan, hayatı nasıl yaşayabileceğimize dair taptaze bir bakış açısı kazandıran bir kitap bu.

“Nefis, büyülü, çarpıcı. Artık kuşları eskisi gibi görmem mümkün değil.” -Peter Wohlleben, Ağaçların Gizli Yaşamı’nın yazarı...

Petite Philosophie Des Oiseaux

Özellikler

Cilt Durumu : Ciltsiz
Basım Tarihi : Kasım 2020
Basım Yeri : Türkiye
Boyutlar : 13,00 x 20,00 cm
Basım Dili : Türkçe
Orijinal Dil : Fransızca
Kağıt Tipi : 2. Hamur
Sayfa Sayısı : 172
Barkod : 9786051981406

Kategoriler

Felsefe / Diğer, Bilim - Mühendislik / Popüler Bilim

Katkıda Bulunanlar

Çevirmen
Murat Erşen

Editör
Algan Sezgintüredi

Kapak Tasarım
Gülay Tunç

Katkıda Bulunan (İçerik)
Mehmet Ali Kırpık
Duygu Topçu
Joanna Lisowiec
Betül Güzhan