Hybrid Cloud

— The cloud is no longer in future, it’s here today. The cloud has fundamentally changed the landscape of computing. Governments are facing critical challenge of improving resource utilization, increase service responsiveness, distributed storage of data, availability of resources at lower cost. In order to fulfil this huge challenge, Governments are fast adopting the new paradigm of computing: Cloud Computing. Governments are moving into Cloud as its adoption presents numerous costs, agility, and operational advantages. In early days of cloud, much of the debate focused on the different merits of Public & Private cloud and the best scenarios, in which a particular model should be adopted. Now there’s a growing realization that Hybrid Cloud is the best model for the government. The paper describes characteristics of each cloud computing deployment models and describes the best scenarios in which a particular model should be adopted based on certain parameters. However, the best scen...

In this paper, a resource management technique is proposed to handle the request of Virtual Machines (VM’s) as per the need of users, consisting of resources (mips, vm image size, network bandwidth, number of cpu’s) containing cloudlets which in turn are cloud-based application services (content delivery, social networks) commonly deployed in data centers. There are three priority mechanisms governing the user’s requests namely low, medium and high priority requests. Here, the priority is given to the amount of VM’s requested. To implement the above concept, the Hybrid Cloud model is used by which the benefits of both the private and public clouds can be reaped. This model has its advantages that it proves to be cost-effective as the resources are effectively utilized from private clouds and only when exhausted are taken from public clouds which is cheaper.

In this paper, a resource management technique is proposed to handle the request of Virtual Machines (VM's) as per the need of users, consisting of resources (mips, vm image size, network bandwidth, number of cpu's) containing cloudlets which in turn are cloud-based application services (content delivery, social networks) commonly deployed in data centers. There are three priority mechanisms governing the user's requests namely low, medium and high priority requests. Here, the priority is given to the amount of VM's requested. To implement the above concept, the Hybrid Cloud model is used by which the benefits of both the private and public clouds can be reaped. This model has its advantages that it proves to be cost-effective as the resources are effectively utilized from private clouds and only when exhausted are taken from public clouds which is cheaper.

Cloud Computing is an emerging technology. It is a growing technology which can change traditional IT systems. It plays a major role in today's technology sector. People are using it every day through one way or another. Education sector is not out of this phenomenon. At the present time the teaching method is changing and students are becoming much technology based and therefore it is necessary that we think about the most recent technologies to incorporate in the teaching and learning methods. By sharing Information technology related services in the cloud, educational institutions can better concentrate on offering students, teachers, faculty and staff the essential instruments. Bangladesh is a developing country. So applying this technology on education sector is a huge challenge for Bangladesh. In this paper it is discussed that how Bangladesh can be benefited by applying cloud in education and its challenges followed by some case studies and success stories.

Cloud Computing is an emerging technology. It is a growing technology which can change traditional IT systems. It plays a major role in today's technology sector. People are using it every day through one way or another. Education sector is not out of this phenomenon. At the present time the teaching method is changing and students are becoming much technology based and therefore it is necessary that we think about the most recent technologies to incorporate in the teaching and learning methods. By sharing Information technology related services in the cloud, educational institutions can better concentrate on offering students, teachers, faculty and staff the essential instruments. Bangladesh is a developing country. So applying this technology on education sector is a huge challenge for Bangladesh. In this paper it is discussed that how Bangladesh can be benefited by applying cloud in education and its challenges followed by some case studies and success stories.

Cloud Computing is an emerging technology. It is a growing technology which can change traditional IT systems. It plays a major role in today's technology sector. People are using it every day through one way or another. Education sector is not out of this phenomenon. At the present time the teaching method is changing and students are becoming much technology based and therefore it is necessary that we think about the most recent technologies to incorporate in the teaching and learning methods. By sharing Information technology related services in the cloud, educational institutions can better concentrate on offering students, teachers, faculty and staff the essential instruments. Bangladesh is a developing country. So applying this technology on education sector is a huge challenge for Bangladesh. In this paper it is discussed that how Bangladesh can be benefited by applying cloud in education and its challenges followed by some case studies and success stories.

Cloud computing is a growing computing paradigm that provides Internet-based computer services on-demand basis. Adoption of cloud infrastructure promises enterprises numerous benefits. In particular, hybrid cloud, a combination of both public and private clouds, offers benefits of both the public and private clouds. The objective of this study is to identify the critical challenges, faced by client organisations in the adoption of hybrid cloud computing. The authors have reviewed the literature through systematic literature review (SLR) process. We have followed all the SLR steps by developing SLR protocol first which was then validated and implemented. We have identified a list of ten challenges, by extracting data from a sample of 120 papers, in the adoption of hybrid cloud. The identified challenges include three critical challenges such as: 'public cloud security concern', 'efficient management issue', and 'integration complexity'. We have further analysed the identified challenges with respect to time and study strategy. Clients should address all the identified challenges in general and the critical challenges in particular. Our next phase of the study is validation of the identified challenges through industry practitioners and to find solutions/practices for addressing these challenges, which will be published in future.

With the recent emergence of public cloud offerings, surge computing -outsourcing tasks from an internal data center to a cloud provider in times of heavy load- has become more accessible to a wide range of consumers. Deciding which workloads to outsource to what cloud provider in such a setting, however, is far from trivial. The objective of this decision is to maximize the utilization of the internal data center and to minimize the cost of running the outsourced tasks in the cloud, while fulfilling the applications' quality of service constraints. We examine this optimization problem in a multi-provider hybrid cloud setting with deadline-constrained and preemptible but non-provider-migratable workloads that are characterized by memory, CPU and data transmission requirements. Linear programming is a general technique to tackle such an optimization problem. At present, it is however unclear whether this technique is suitable for the problem at hand and what the performance implications of its use are. We therefore analyze and propose a binary integer program formulation of the scheduling problem and evaluate the computational costs of this technique with respect to the problem's key parameters. We found out that this approach results in a tractable solution for scheduling applications in the public cloud, but that the same method becomes much less feasible in a hybrid cloud setting due to very high solve time variances.

Cloud computing has become technological hyped these days by promising plenty of benefits. This hype has also affect government institutions where recently they begun to utilize cloud computing to fulfill their constituents needs. This paper aims to formulate framework for helping Indonesian government institution in choosing the appropriate cloud deployment model. The framework was developed by combining Benefits, Costs, Opportunities and Risks (BCOR) analysis, Entropy and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The framework was validated by distributing questionnaires to the IT officers in government institutions. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework, we conducted a case study in the municipality of Depok, a local government in Indonesia, where we found that private cloud as the most appropriate cloud deployment model to be implemented. In addition, our study also revealed that the factor considered the important by governmen...

Cloud Computing is an emerging technology. It is a growing technology which can change traditional IT systems. It plays a major role in today's technology sector. People are using it every day through one way or another. Education sector is not out of this phenomenon. At the present time the teaching method is changing and students are becoming much technology based and therefore it is necessary that we think about the most recent technologies to incorporate in the teaching and learning methods. By sharing Information technology related services in the cloud, educational institutions can better concentrate on offering students, teachers, faculty and staff the essential instruments. Bangladesh is a developing country. So applying this technology on education sector is a huge challenge for Bangladesh. In this paper it is discussed that how Bangladesh can be benefited by applying cloud in education and its challenges followed by some case studies and success stories.

Hybrid cloud storage infrastructure, which combines cost-effective but inflexible private resources and flexible but premium-priced public cloud storage, allows organizations to operate cost-efficiently under demand volume uncertainty. The extant literature, however, offers a limited analytical insight into the effect that the variation of demand has on the cost-efficient mix of internal and external resources. This paper considers the storage capacity acquisition cycle, i.e. the interval at which the organization re-assesses and acquires additional resources, as a parameter shaping the optimal mix of resources. It introduces a model capturing the compound effect of the acquisition cycle and volume variation on the cost-efficiency of hybrid cloud storage. The model is analytically investigated to demonstrate its inherent regularities, and empirically evaluated in numerical experiments. The analysis indicates that shortening the acquisition cycle reduces the volume variability thus reducing the costs. The costs decrease further if shortening the cycle reduces the demand volume uncertainty.
Keywords: hybrid cloud storage; volume variation; reassessment interval; concurrent sourcing
Laatikainen, G., Mazhelis, O., & Tyrväinen, P. (2015). Cost Efficiency of Hybrid Cloud Storage : Shortening Acquisition Cycle to Mitigate Volume Variation. In  ICIS 2015 : Proceedings the Thirty Sixth International Conference on Information Systems (pp. 1-19). Association for Information Systems (AIS).
Full paper available at: jyx.jyu.fi and http://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2015/proceedings/DecisionAnalytics/1/

This article contributes to the foundational understanding of the security vulnerabilities and risk towards wireless grid Edgeware technology. Since communication networks and devices are subject to becoming the target of exploitation by hackers (e.g., individuals who attempt to gain unauthorised access to computer systems), these individuals are gaining ever-increasing knowledge of the often widely-reported exploitable vulnerabilities in these types of innovative technologies; and thus are able to craft increasingly effective computer network attacks (CNA) against such technologies. This research responds to the overall proposition: what security vulnerability enumerations would contribute to the degradation and risk in using a wireless grid Edgeware application in a virtualised cloud environment? Using supporting research pertaining to cyber-attacks and vulnerabilities towards a wireless cloud (e.g., the integration of a cloud computing and a wireless grid architecture), security vulnerabilities in virtualisation environments and specific vulnerabilities exploited against a wireless grid Edgeware application, this research provides a greater understanding of the practical ways wireless grid Edgeware technology can be attacked and the risk in utilising this technology

In the era of service-oriented computing, ICT systems exponentially grow in their size and complexity, becoming more and more dynamic and distributed, often spanning across different geographical locations, as well as multiple ownerships and administrative domains. At the same time, complex software systems are serving an increasing number of users accessing digital resources from various locations. In these circumstances, enabling efficient and reliable access control is becoming an inherently challenging task. A representative example here is a hybrid cloud environment, where various parts of a distributed software system may be deployed locally, within a private data centre, or on a remote public cloud. Accordingly, valuable business information is expected to be transferred across these different locations, and yet to be protected from unauthorised/malicious access at all times.
Even though existing access control approaches seem to provide a sufficient level of protection, they are often implemented in a rather coarse-grained and inflexible manner, such that access control policies are evaluated without taking into consideration the current locations of requested resources and requesting users. This results in a situation, when in a relatively ‘safe’ environment (e.g., a private enterprise network) unnecessarily complex and resource-consuming access control policies are put in place, and vice versa – in external, potentially ‘hostile’ network locations access control enforcement is not sufficient. In these circumstances, it becomes desirable for an access control mechanism to distinguish between various network locations so as to enable differentiated, fine-grained, and flexible approach to defining and enforcing access control policies for heterogeneous environments. For example, in its simplest form, more stringent and protective policies need to be in place as long as remote locations are concerned, whereas some constraints may be released as soon as data is moved back to a local secure network.
Accordingly, this PhD research efforts aims to address the following research question – How to enable heterogeneous computing systems, spanning across multiple physical and logical network locations, as well as different administrative domains and ownerships, with support for location-aware access control policy enforcement, and implement a differentiated fine-grained access control depending on the current location of users and requested resources?
To address this question, the presented thesis introduces the notions of ‘location’ and ‘location-awareness’ that underpin the design and implementation of a novel access control framework, which applies and enforces different access control policies, depending on the current (physical and logical) network locations of policy subjects and objects. To achieve, this the approach takes the existing access control policy language SANTA, which is based on the Interval Temporal Logic, and combines it with the Topological Logic, thereby creating a holistic solution covering both the temporal and the spatial dimensions. As demonstrated by a hypothetical case study, based on a distributed cloud-based file sharing and storage system, the proposed approach has the potential to address the outlined research challenges and advance the state of the art in the field of access control in distributed heterogeneous ICT environments.

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) aims to execute mobile cloud services in edge servers located near end-users to provide higher Quality of Experience (QoE). Centralised methods for dynamic service placement in MEC require central access to control every server, which is challenging where servers belong to different administrative domains. Other approaches use distributed decision-making, but most of them do not consider cooperation between servers. Dynamic, distributed service placement can potentially provide workload orchestration and higher QoE. However, this is challenging where service demand patterns are non-stationary. This paper proposes a multi-armed banditbased method where servers cooperatively decide to host service replicas by applying reinforcement learning that uses service characteristics and context information to minimise response time and backhaul traffic. By sharing cached services, the servers achieve better workload distribution while autonomously making placement decisions. The simulations demonstrate improvements in response time and reduction in backhaul traffic compared to close baselines.

The alluring adaptability and flexibility of migrating to the cloud, is the talk of the town amongst increasing number of organizations sporting solutions to migrate their data and services. Enterprises are now beginning to gradually implement cloud services from different vendors using a private and/or public framework with accessibility and security, as crucial components of implementation and policy regulation. Hybrid clouds is a concept that emerges as a way to mitigate the concerns of internal controls whilst dealing with the ability to securely scale businesses. In the following paper, an infrastructure that combines private cloud security with economical, powerful and ascendable public cloud attributes is addressed for a simple use case proposition thought of by students at Syracuse University. Hybrid cloud policies customize usage requirements according to users, application, devices and clients. And thus the aspect of functionality and compliance solely lies in the hands of the organizations adopting such implementations. Policy governance helps administrators resolve access rights and effectively deliver services using techniques like either orchestration, containerization or tokenization for cloud platform services. The following research paper, focuses on the identifying the characteristics of a hybrid cloud with access and security policy as the primary aspect. It analyzes a solution oriented implementation that can be adopted by Disaster Management Agencies and Social Media Platforms with standard norms in the pursuit of achieving a specific goal which is for the betterment of inhabitants within the environment. The analysis of this vast concept, is supported with a constructive use case developed by students at Syracuse University.

— The cloud is no longer in future, it’s here today. The cloud has fundamentally changed the landscape of computing. Governments are facing critical challenge of improving resource utilization, increase service responsiveness, distributed storage of data, availability of resources at lower cost. In order to fulfil this huge challenge, Governments are fast adopting the new paradigm of computing: Cloud Computing. Governments are moving into Cloud as its adoption presents numerous costs, agility, and operational advantages. In early days of cloud, much of the debate focused on the different merits of Public & Private cloud and the best scenarios, in which a particular model should be adopted. Now there’s a growing realization that Hybrid Cloud is the best model for the government. The paper describes characteristics of each cloud computing deployment models and describes the best scenarios in which a particular model should be adopted based on certain parameters. However, the best scen...

Cloud computing is considered as the one of the most dominant paradigm in the field of information technology which offers on demand cost effective services such as Software as a service (SAAS), Infrastructure as a service (IAAS) and Platform as a service (PAAS).Provisioning all these services as it is, this cloud computing associates with number of challenges such as data security, abuse of cloud services, malicious insider and cyber-attacks. Among all these security requirements of cloud, access control is the one of the prominent requirement in order to avoid unauthorized access to data stored in the cloud. Main objective of this research is to review the existing methods of cloud access control models and their variants pros and cons and to identify further related research directions for developing an improved access control model for cloud data storage. We have presented detailed access control requirement analysis for cloud computing and have identified important gaps, which are not fulfilled by conventional access control models. As the final outcome of the study we have come up with an improved access control model with hybrid cryptographic schema and hybrid cloud architecture and practical implementation of it. Finally we have tested our proposed model for security implications, performance, functionality and data integrity to prove the validity. We have used advanced encryption standard (AES) which is a private key algorithm and Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) public key algorithm to implement the cryptographic schema and used public and private cloud to enforce our access control security and reliability. By validating and testing we have proved that our model can withstand against most of the cyber-attacks in real cloud environment. Thus it has improved capabilities compared with other previous access control models that we have reviewed through the literature.

Fundamental advances in data acquisition introduces data-ripples in the form of structured and unstructured contents in our daily life. With the increased adoption of hybrid cloud, data governance is more converged and transparent than ever before

Cloud computing has made the dream of scalability of resources on demand come true. As the usage of the resources on the cloud involves cost, their optimal utilization is vital. Various scheduling algorithms are being designed and implemented seamlessly to achieve this goal. One of the factors that have a high impact on the scheduling algorithm design is the dependency of the tasks. Dependency implies that the tasks are executed in some precedence order. This survey provides a review of the various scheduling algorithms in cloud mainly from the perspective of task dependency. The broad categorization, advantages and the disadvantages of the various scheduling algorithms available for both dependent and independent tasks are discussed. Based on a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and the current research trends, some open issues worthy of further exploration are proposed.