Habituality

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJfpa9vv9pg

This presentation considers how the phenomenological work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961) contributes to an understanding of architecture and place experience via his emphasis on the lived body. The focus is on architect Thomas Thiis-Evensen's " architectural archetypes " and architectural theorist Bill Hillier's " space syntax. " The presentation highlights three claims: First, that Thiis-Evensen provides a language for locating unself-conscious, visceral aspects of buildings & architectural meaning (Merleau-Ponty's perception and phenomenal field); second, that Hilllier illustrates how the spatiality of place—i.e., pathway configuration— supports or inhibits particular actions & routines of lived bodies as they come together or remain apart spatially (Merleau-Ponty's body-subject and intercorporeality); and, third, that both Thiis-Evensen & Hillier illustrate ways via architecture and place whereby pre-reflective bodily awareness and actions play an important role in the lifeworld (Merleau-Ponty's emphasis on the lived body as intentional but pre-reflective agent).

In this paper I claim that, in spite of the tenseless character of the verbal inflection in BH, the temporal interpretation of verbal statements in a poetic text is possible as in any other type of discourse, if we systematically assess the rendering of deictic, anaphoric and sequential times, and take into account the pragmatic principles that control temporal implications of aspectual and modal forms in texts. However, many statements in biblical poetic discourse remain ambiguous as regards their temporal interpretation due to the basic 'atemporal perspective' at work. Atemporality in language and discourse correlates with two main phenomena — stativity and illocatability. Stativity in language is associated with such verbal constellations as states and general statives. Stativity in discourse has two sides: there are discourse modes that generally incorporate static entities; some discourse modes demonstrate atemporal text-progression. Illocatability in language is exemplified through the problem of the temporal structure of general statives. Illocatability in discourse is associated with deficiency in the context of deictic and anaphoric elements, necessary for temporal interpretation; in biblical poetry the deficiency of temporal indications can be intensified by poetic terseness and flexibility. Most of the features, associated with atemporal perspective, are not specific to poetic language; they have a universal character and may occur in other discourse types as well. However, the high concentration of all the 'atemporal' phenomena and their foregrounded, pragmatically prominent position in a poetic text make biblical poetic speech more 'atemporal' than most other speech types. In this paper, I adopt a comprehensive approach to temporality, formulated by Carlota Smith. The investigation is based on the linguistic analysis of poetic fragments from the Torah and Former Prophets (the so-called 'archaic' poetry) and the classical prophetic poetry from the books of Amos, Hosea and Isaiah.

Este trabajo se centra en el estudio diacrónico de la perífrasis SOLER + infinitivo en español. Se observa que la perifrasis, entre los siglos XII y XVI carece del sentido frecuentativo propio del español moderno. Postularemos que, al principio, SOLER tan solo cobraba una lectura genérica de tipo actitudinal, puesto que asigna a la entidad una propiedad definitoria que permite distinguirla de entre las demás. No presupone excepciones, esto es, eventos o situaciones que no se dan. Poco a poco, la lectura de SOLER+ infinitivo evoluciona desde una lectura genérica actitudinal hasta una lectura individual frecuentativa. Este trabajo está organizado de la siguiente forma. En las secciones 2 y 3, presentamos
los problemas planteados por la perífrasis soler + infinitivo, así como un estado de la cuestión en castellano antiguo. En la 4a sección, exponemos nuestra propuesta. En la 5a, estudiamos soler + infinitivo del siglo XII al siglo XV. En la 6a, analizamos la perífrasis del siglo XVI al siglo XVII. En la 7a, nos centramos en el análisis de la construcción del siglo XVIII al siglo XXI. Finalmente, presentamos nuestras conclusiones.

Phenomenologically speaking, one can consider the experiencing body as normative insofar as it generates norms through repeated actions and interactions, crystallizing into habits. On the other hand according to Foucauldian approaches, the subjective body does not generate norms but is itself produced by norms: Dominant social norms are incorporated via repeated practices of discipline. How is the individual level of habit formation in phenomenology related to this embodiment of supra-individual norms? In what sense can we differentiate between a habit formation that results in a skill and one that disciplines a body? To address these questions the paper will analyze examples of the embodiment of norms in Foucault and feminist philosophy and show how they rely on the phenomenological concept of the actual and habitual body.

El presente artículo explora la noción de estilo en la fenomenología husserliana como una noción que permite describir la totalidad concreta de la vida humana en su de-sarrollo temporal. Partiendo de las consideraciones generales sobre esta noción, cen-tramos la investigación en el estilo corporal de la conciencia. En un primer momen-to describimos las características animales o sensibles de la conciencia humana, para luego dar paso a la consideración de las mismas desde una óptica personalista, propia del ser humano, y ver cómo estas están asumidas en el desarrollo de la persona. Con-cluimos ponderando la relevancia de la noción de estilo para la fenomenología y otras disciplinas.

Palabras clave: fenomenología, estilo, Husserl, cuerpo vivido, normalidad.

Corporal style: on the notion of style in husserlian phenomenlogy

This paper explores the notion of style as exposed in Husserl's writings. We consider it an useful resource to describe concrete totality of human life in its temporal becoming. We start from a general consideration of the concept and we focus on the embodied style of consciousness. In the first step, we describe animal or sensible features of human consciousness, in order to understand, in the second step, how these are conceived from a personalistic perspective, and to see how they are adopted in personal development. Finally, we make some general observations about the relevance of the notion of style for phenomenology as well as other disciplines.

The paper sets out to challenge the claim that the distribution of FCany
in bare generic sentences giving rise to dispositional readings
constitutes empirical evidence for the Possibility Hypothesis, assuming
that dispositional sentences feature a covert existential modal
quantifier equivalent to can or might. More generally, the paper attempts
to suggest that dispositional and habitual readings, which
arise in bare characterizing sentences, are not due to the same underlying
covert modal operator. What enables suggesting such a
view is the fact that bare characterizing sentences present different
properties from those characterizing sentences that feature overt
(temporal) quantification. It is shown that bare characterizing sentences
pattern alike aspectually, irrespective of whether they give
rise to a habitual or a dispositional reading. Following work by
Boneh & Doron (2010, 2013), it is suggested that whereas quantified
characterizing sentences feature the quasi-universal Gen, bare ones
feature a VP-level operator Hab, built on the availability of sums of
events in all relevant accessible worlds once a disposition for this
type of event iteration is manifested in the actual world.

This paper constitutes a first investigation into the strategies for encoding habitual aspect in Muklom, a Sal language of Northeast India, and contains a short survey into the grammatical encoding of habitual aspect in a sample of Sal languages, a sub-branch of the Tibeto-Burman family. While some languages in the sample show cognate markers, others show non-cognate forms. The habituals can be linked etymologically to other grammatical categories such as facultative or deontic modality, locative, progressive, continuative, but also to a verb meaning 'to eat soft foods'. Due to their potential diachronic instability, dedicated habitual markers are of limited use to the internal classification of Sal languages.

Lithuanian has regular past habitual forms with the suffix -dav-, which can be explained as an originally iterative suffix -dau- restricted to the past tense (Fraenkel 1936). Dialectal and Old Lithuanian, in addition to -dav-, also feature habituals with the suffixes-lav-and-dlav-, which could have followed the same path of development (Fraenkel 1936), as evidenced by a number of diverse languages (Bybee et al. 1994). Using an electronic edition of Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (The Dictionary of Lithuanian) as the data source, a limited number of possible iteratives with -dau- and other related suffixes were found, which has led to two main conclusions. (1) Habituals were restricted to the past tense before the appearance of the first written Lithuanian texts (mid-16 th c.) and the present and the infinitive stems went out of use. If this had not been the case, more corresponding verbal formations should have remained. (2) Iteratives with the habitual-to-be suffixes had to be productive to some extent in the dialects, which grammaticalized them as past habituals. If these formations had been productive in all dialects of Lithuanian, more iteratives should have been found in the areas that did not grammaticalize them as past habituals. It is also suggested that the form-frequency correspondence principle (Haspelmath 2008; 2014; 2017) should have operated in the formation of the Lithuanian habitual. Longer suffixes were chosen to mark habitual situations as a less frequent subtype of iterative situations and habitual forms were restricted to the past tense because habituality is one of the default (more frequent) readings of the present and hence the habituals in the past tend to be marked explicitly (Bybee et al. 1994).

In this paper, we investigate whether expressions of habituality in UK English, in particular adverbs of event distribution and the auxiliaries used to and would, pertain to hierarchically different layers of semantic organization, in the sense that they would have different portions of the semantic structure in their scope. This question is addressed using the framework of Functional Discourse Grammar. The application of the Complement Clause Test and the Scope Test reveals that indeed habituality operates at three