Cultural Landscape

We present palaeoenvironmental, geomorphological, archaeological, and place-name data which allow a holistic assessment of the history of landscape change on Sandoy, Faroe Islands, especially in terms of the changes that occurred in response to the colonization of the island by humans. In contrast to other situations in the North Atlantic region, there is considerable continuity in the patterns and processes of landscape evolution across the initial

Landscapes with open evergreen oak woodlands in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula have been subjected to a consistent oak forest loss. In these landscapes, the abandonment of traditional land management activities have been associated with major land use transformations, such as the replacement of agricultural land uses and native oak woodlands by both shrublands and fast-growing Eucalyptus and pine (Pinus pinea L.) plantations. In this study a spatially explicit approach, combining aerial photographs, geographical information systems and land cover metrics, was used to assess long-term landscape dynamics over a 50-year period. The aim was to provide interpreted quantitative information on the landscape dynamics and to determine the key roles of open farmland, shrubland and new forest plantations on the ongoing loss and fragmentation of oak woodlands. Different trends of land abandonment and intensification of land uses were found across the study areas mainly related to combination of particular socioeconomic and biophysical conditions, resulting in different types of evergreen oak forest conservation and restoration issues. A comprehensive assessment of these (biophysical and socioeconomic) change driving forces is, therefore, presented and discussed, as a baseline for future planning by setting of appropriate management, restoration and conservation strategies for oak woodlands in the studied landscapes. Although this study focused on a specific system of Southwestern Mediterranean, the methodology applied herein can be extrapolated to other comparable human-driven scattered tree systems, within cultural landscapes.

This report is attempted to explain the cultural landscape definition that should appropriated with Thailand and why the cultural landscape should be in the category of site history, existing conditions, analysis, evaluation and recommendation in Tiger
Cave temple, Thailand. The cultural landscape study should provide more understanding the old place and rural context in Thailand and increasing local knowledge and awareness to protect destroying its cultural heritage and footprint in
the past. The concept of cultural landscape should be part of study, analysis,
evaluation and recommendation of cultural landscape for both local people and rural
planner. This case is Wat Tham Sua Or "Tiger Cave temple" is located Krabi
province in southern Thailand, the area is a center for meditation where teaches a form of Buddhism called Vipassana (insight meditation) and main tourist attraction in the temple complex where is the 1,237 steps climb up a limestone tower to see the
footprint of the Buddha and the replica of the Lord, Buddha's footprint, the Pagoda of the Holy Relic, and a huge Buddha image. The aim of this report is to deep understand on Tiger Cave temple cultural landscape. To analyze and identify the significance of landscape characteristics and features in the context of the landscape with creative ideas and future challenges. To recommend the preservation strategy for long-term management of cultural landscape based on its significance, existing condition, and use.

PLACE-Hampi provides a framework for a new approach to the rendering of the cultural experience, whose aesthetic and representational features gives the general public a dramatic new appreciation of the many layered significations of such historical, archaeological, and architectural spaces. While PLACE-Hampi embodies a single user interaction model, the autonomous narrative scenarios that populate each of the panoramic scenes with

tuotannossa havaittavaa käsitystä taiteesta utooppisena prosessina. Analysoin Jornin taidetta suhteuttaen sen Bloc hin utopian filosofiaan, koska Jornin ja Bloc hin avantgarden sekä 1900-luvun massakulttuurin ajan esteettistä utopia-ajattelua ei ole aikaisemmin vertailtu toisiinsa. Pohdin miten marxilainen dialektinen materialismi yhdistää utopian käsityksiä Bloc hin 1900-luvun filosofiassa ja Jornin 1930-1960-lukujen taiteessa. Taiteen utooppisuuden määrittelyn kannalta katson, että on hyödyllistä vertailla näitä kahta, selvästi yhdenmukaisten aatteiden mukaan toiminutta ajattelijaa 1900-luvun modernismin ja maailmansotien aikana.

O artigo apresenta os resultados do primeiro inventário de um hecta¬re realizado na área de um sítio tipo geoglifo. Até o momento, todos os geoglifos estudados não tinham cobertua vegetal. O geoglifo Três Vertentes não mostra evidência de ter sido queimado ou usado para agricultura ou assentamento no passado recente. Assim, é possível que a vegetação existente sobre o geoglifo não tenha sido perturbada, com a possívele exceção de usos extrativos pela caça ou coleta de látex. Trata-se de uma mata de cipó. Essa conclusão apoia-se na grande proporção de árvores dicotiledôneas cobertas por cipós, com a alta densidade e frequência de moráceas, cuja maior parte é composta por cipós ou trepadeiras. Há grande densidade e frequência de palmeiras excluem cipós, também a alta frequência de bananeiras bravas (Phenakospermum guyannense). Nota-se uma área basal relativamente pequena e o pequeno número de indivíduos com dbh ? 10 cm dentro de um hectare de floresta. É surpreendente o fato de haver ...

Castalla Castle (Alicante, Spain), built between the 11 th and 16 th centuries, is one of the most outstanding fortifications in the province of Alicante, as part of al-Andalus, first, and the Kingdom of Valencia, after. The present work aims to deepen the knowledge of its landscape on a medium scale for a large part of the Middle Ages. In this way, analysing some material (archaeological) and cultural (written) sources, it has been possible to better draw the Castalla Castle landscape in the Foia de Castalla district, a geographic territory located in the north of the province of Alicante, between the 11 th and 15 th centuries and during two different chronocultural periods: Andalusian (11 th century-1244) and Christian (1244-1499).

Mobile livestock herders have long been seen as the main culprits of over-stocking and rangeland degradation. In recent years, however, anthropolo-gists and ecologists have argued that African pastoralists have developed sustainable modes of pasture management based on a ...

Dans les politiques de protection et de restauration de la nature, le paysage tient de plus en plus de place. II est pen.& comme I'instrument pertinent pour que les strategies de ceux qui agissent sur la nature, agriculteurs, pasteurs et sylviculteurs en particulier, se conforment aux nouvelles normes sociales. Prenant appui sur une meme entite geographique, les Grands Causses dont fait partie le causse Mejan, deux analyses sont publiees en parallele. La premiere pose le probleme des fluctuations historiques des conceptions normatives depuis le xlxejusqu'a nos jours et demonte les &apes du passage de referents ecologiques a des referents culturels. Toujours sur la base de cette confrontation entre differents registres de references mais en en elargissant la gamme, la seconde s'attache a la periode recente pour montrer I'ambiguitte des conceptions et des strategies qui se cachent derriere le consensus actuel sur les valeurs attribuees a ce paysage. Toutes deux ont en commun le croisement des regards disciplinaires et la volonte de preciser les roles des differents acteurs qu'ils soient scientifiques, gestionnaires ou eleveurs. Dans I'article de Lepart et al., il s'agit surtout des deux premiers. Dans celui de Friedberg et al., s'ajoutent les points de vue des acteurs locaux, eleveurs et touristes. L'interet de rapprocher ces deux textes est qu'ils portent sur le meme espace geographique, qu'ils traitent de la meme question et que, bien que partant de deux demarches differentes et non concertees -et d'une certaine man&e complementaire -, ils arrivent 8 des conclusions similaires, qui mettent en lumiere le caractere hautement hypothetique de la mise en ozuvre des politiques de conservation de la nature. L'analyse des jeux et enjeux autour de la notion de paysage le montre ; elle pose une question de portee g&-r&ale.

Landslides in topsoils, locally known as 'Blaiken', are caused by a set of factors which determine the probability of such slides. Apart from bedrock, relief and climate, the geomorphological changes in connection with land use, as well as vegetation and soil changes may influence landslides in alpine cultural landscapes. Within the framework of the EU project INTEGRALP (INTERREG II), the risk of erosion due to changes in land use within subalpine-alpine study sites was investigated (Passeier Valley, South Tyrol, Italy; Stubai Valley, North Tyrol, Austria). 42 potential factors were analysed in eroded and also in non-eroded areas. The factors included geomorphological, pedological, phytosociological and land-use characters. The statistical evaluation of the data was carried out via step-wise logistical regression. Twelve factors made a statistically significant contribution to the probability of landslides, and about 97% of the samples could be correctly categorised by using these factors. Apart from exposition, inclination and soil depth, land use was an important factor to landslides in topsoils. Managed meadows and pastures were significantly less erodible than abandoned grasslands. However, not the land-use activities themselves lead to changes in erosion risks, but rather the direct or indirect effects on vegetation and soil properties. They include relative cover of grasses, herbs and dwarf shrubs as well as the total root length and the rooting density in main fracture depth.

Bioproductive land is one of the most significant natural resources. People use the land for receiving ecological services. This leads to humans using and favouring certain species, while competing with all other species. Land use can create diverse cultural landscapes of outstanding aesthetic, economic and ecological value, but it may equally result in land degradation, soil loss and impoverished ecosystems. Hence land use is shaped by processes of society-nature interaction. These processes can detract from sustainability-in other words, society-nature interaction may deplete the natural capital upon which the provision of ecosystem services for humans depends. Sustainability indicators aim at monitoring key aspects of society-nature interaction in order to generate information needed to document the current state and the history leading up to it. Moreover, they are useful to communicate complex sustainability problems within the scientific community, to policy-makers and the broad public. This paper introduces a special issue that seeks to contribute to the development of sustainability indicators that track society-nature interaction. We focus on a variety of concepts that measure socioeconomic metabolism. All the discussed approaches relate socioeconomic energy and material flows to the bioproductive area needed to support them, above all, the ecological footprint and the human appropriation of net primary production. In addition, this special issue also analyses the consequences of land use intensity on the diversity, naturalness and patterns of landscapes.

The ecological context for the woodlands of much of eastern North America requires that they be understood as part of a cultural landscape. The dominant urban and agricultural matrix of southern Ontario is a novel landscape with remnant woodlands embedded in it. It serves as a model to understand how eastern forests have been regarded as representative of a previous wilderness landscape, but are profoundly affected by historical anthropogenic forces and by external processes in the current cultural landscape. These woodlands change in unpredictable ways, as envisaged in the new ecological paradigm, with no single, predictable ecological pathway, and no final stable state. Research, decision-making, and management requirements for eastern woodlots are identified using this perspective. The paper summarizes specific research needs based on previous publications and recent workshops concerning southern Ontario woodlots.

“วัดพู” เป็นศาสนสถานที่แสดงถึงความรุ่งเรืองของอายธรรมบนที่ราบลุ่มริมน้ำโขงในเขตจำปาสัก และถือเป็นรากฐานสำคัญที่แสดงให้เห็นการก่อร่างสร้างตัวมีพัฒนาการทางสังคมวัฒนธรรม และรูปแบบศิลปกรรมที่เป็นเอกลักษณ์แห่งภูมิภาคเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ จากสังคมบุพกาลที่ดำเนินชีวิตอย่างเรียบง่ายสู่สังคมแห่งอารยธรรมที่มีโครงสร้างสลับซับซ้อนในระหว่างพุทธศตวรรษที่ ๕-๑๘

นักวางผังในสมัยโบราณได้ปรับใช้ลักษณะทางกายภาพของพื้นที่ ให้ตอบสนองต่อแนวความคิดทางศาสนาโดยเปรียบให้ยอดภูเก้าที่เรียกว่า ลึงคปรวต (Lingaparvata) อันเป็นที่สถิตแห่งองค์ศิวะเทพหรือสัญลักษณ์แห่งบุรุษเพศ แม่น้ำโขงก็เปรียบได้กับแม่น้ำคงคา (Ganges River) ส่วนศาสนสถานทางฝั่งซ้ายตรงตำแหน่งปลายอีกด้านของแกน เป็นศาสนสถานแห่งพระรุทรานีอันเป็นศักติของพระอิศวรก็เปรียบเป็นศาสนสถานแห่งอิตถีเพศ ที่ราบลุ่มระหว่างภูเก้าและน้ำโขงอันเป็นที่ตั้งของเมืองโบราณจึงเปรียบได้กับทุ่งกุรุเกษตรา (Kurukshestra) ลักษณะของภูมิทัศน์วัฒนธรรมแห่งนี้ จึงเป็นการแสดงออกให้เห็นอัจฉริยะภาพของการวางผังเมืองที่ตอบสนองต่อจักรวาลทัศน์ และตำนานความเชื่อในลัทธิไศวนิกายแห่งศาสนาฮินดู รวมไปถึงการประยุกต์เอาแนวคิดดั้งเดิมของภูมิภาคที่เคารพ ต่อภูเขาและแม่น้ำด้วย นอกจากการวางผังเมืองแล้ว การวางผังกลุ่มอาคารศาสนสถานวัดพูก็ยังมีความสำคัญ

เนื่องจากเป็นการวางผังศาสนสถานในลักษณะศาสนบรรพตที่เป็นแม่แบบให้แก่ศาสนสถานแห่งอื่นๆคุณค่าของภูมิทัศน์วัฒนธรรมอีกประการหนึ่ง คือ ร่องรอยของมรดกทางวัฒนธรรมประเภทต่างๆที่มีความสัมพันธ์ซึ่งกันและกัน ทั้งศาสนสถาน, ร่องรอยการตั้งถิ่นฐานชุมชน, พื้นที่เกษตรกรรม, เหมืองตัดหิน, เตาเผา, คันดิน, เส้นทางคมนาคม, แหล่งน้ำ และการชลประทาน สิ่งต่างๆเหล่านี้ล้วนประกอบขึ้นเป็นภูมิทัศน์วัฒนธรรมที่ยังปรากฏอยู่ในพื้นที่มานับพันปี แสดงถึงอัจฉระยภาพในการสร้างสรรค์ของมนุษยชาติ และแสดงให้เห็นถึงองค์ประกอบของโครงสร้างสังคม, วัฒนธรรม, วิถีชีวิต, เศรษฐกิจ การปกครอง และการศาสนาของบรรพบุรุษและต้นธารวัฒนธรรมแห่งเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ ศูนย์มรดกโลก องค์การยูเนสโกจึงได้ประกาศรับรองว่าพื้นที่มรดกทางภูมิทัศน์วัฒนธรรมจำปาสักเป็นมรดกทางภูมิทัศนวัฒนธรรม (World Heritage Cultural Landscape) เมื่อปี พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๔ โดยเข้าเกณฑ์ข้อที่ ๓, ๔ และ ๕ ตามบรรทัดฐาน ๖ ข้อว่าด้วยการพิจารณาการขึ้นบัญชีมรดกทางวัฒนธรรมโลก (Criteria for the Inclusion of Cultural Properties in World Heritage List)

คุณค่าดังที่กล่าวมาข้างต้นทำให้เกิดแนวความคิดในการจัดการ และการอนุรักษ์มรดกทางภูมิทัศน์วัฒนธรรมของพื้นที่ โดยหัวใจหลักของการจัดการต้องคำนึงถึงความยั่งยืนของภูมิทัศน์และการดำเนินต่อไปของประโยชน์ใช้สอยในปัจจุบันของชุมชนเจ้าของพื้นที่ โดยมีอิสระในการดำเนินชีวิตเพื่อการพัฒนายกระดับคุณค่า และความมั่นคงแห่งชีวิต ด้วยการอยู่ร่วมกับสภาพแวดล้อมทางธรรมชาติและวัฒนธรรมของตนอย่างยั่งยืน การจัดการและการพัฒนาที่ปราศจากการมีส่วนร่วมของชุมชนมิอาจเป็นการพัฒนาที่ยั่งยืนได้ รวมไปถึงการท่องเที่ยวที่ปราศจากการจัดการที่ดีและละเอียดลึกซึ้งเพียงพอจะกลายเป็นสิ่งที่ก่อให้เกิดผลกระทบต่อภูมิทัศน์วัฒนธรรมและมรดกทางวัฒนธรรมรวมไปถึงการสร้างความอ่อนแอให้กับชุมชนในระยะยาวด้วย

The book has great potential as a textbook for upper level undergraduate courses. This potential is enhanced by the inclusion of boxes, chapter summaries, discussion questions, “further reading” lists, and Web sites. I would have thought a map or two would make an appearance, and the visuals in general are fairly sparse, given the textbook styling. Yet the book’s utility outweighs these minor shortcomings, particularly because it is also a book valuable for research purposes, providing engaged, highlevel arguments on a number of key debates. McEwan’s extensive and ecumenical reading of postcolonial studies, development geography, and global feminism are put to good use throughout the text.

Publikacijoje pateikiami 102 tautosakos tekstai apie 30 vietovių ir jose esančius objektus, visų pirma kalnus, miškus, akmenis, šaltinius, esančius regione tarp Vilniaus ir Kernavės (žr. schemą). Išimtį sudaro tik padavimai apie Astruvkos akmenis (Čiobiškio apyl.), Karvio ežerą (Maišiagalos apyl.), Šventosios upę (dešinysis Neries intakas) ir Trakų pilį. Visi šie pasakojimai, padavimai ir sakmės praplečia mūsų žinias apie Vilniaus krašto pasakojamosios tautosakos žanrus ir specifiką, o svarbiausia -leidžia užpildyti bent dalį tų tautosakos fiksavimo spragų, kurios ilgainiui susidarė dėl politinės bei kultūrinės šio krašto istorijos ypatumų ir tautosakos gyvavimo lietuviškai nebekalbančiame sociume.

Up until the present, canals and ditches in Europe have been used to drain and thus devastate fens (lowland moors). However, in many cases, their function can be changed from drainage to irrigation and re-wetting of previously drained areas. These systems of canals and ditches are characteristic elements of the historically developed cultural landscape. Therefore, management and development plans should be oriented towards their continual maintenance. Despite the density of canals and ditches in many regions of Germany, especially of Eastern Germany, there are only a few studies to evaluate these systems of waterways, and an integrated approach towards their assessment has been totally absent. Existing approaches for typology and assessment of flowing waterbodies have been investigated in the Drö mling Natural Park with regard to their applicability to such artificial canals and ditches. Special attention is given to the composition of macroinvertebrate fauna and the assessment of factors that determine it. Surprisingly, most water sectors have a high conservation value. High total numbers of species correlated well with the occurrence of endangered species. Among the macroinvertebrates, limnophil and phytophil species were dominant, but rheophil fauna were also commonly present. This was caused by the intermediate status of canals and ditches, since they are neither completely flowing nor completely stagnant waterbodies. Habitat quality of these waters is determined by a small number of morphological parameters: bank steepness, depth of bottom, substrate diversity, hydraulic structures, and the structure of surroundings. In the framework of management and development measures, they should be maintained and improved for the future. To assess water quality, the Saprobic index and the Chemical index were appropriate, but for indication of trophic status, the Macrophyte-trophic index was adequate. Estimation of ecological integrity by a multimetric index using macroinvertebrates indicates that waterbodies are in a good status according to the demands of the European Water Framework Directive.

Racconti Saraceni di Sicilia  di Michelangelo Caldara. Presentazione, Stralci. Sinossi. Indice.
        La Sicilia delle radici meticce. Berberi, arabi, aleramici, normanni, greci, sicani. Humus, di ancestrali legami con la terra; con l’anima contadina. Il sangue smarrito.
    Cronaca speciale di persone comuni e frammenti particolari di eventi e personaggi della storia, inusualmente s’incontrano e si fondono in Racconti Saraceni di Sicilia. Brevi racconti. Sapori moderni e antichi.
Link to the Book:
https://publishde.bookmundo.com/books/220004

Program Ujedinjenih naroda za razvoj (UNDP) svjetska je mreža UN-a za razvoj koja zagovara promjene i povezivanje država sa znanjem, iskustvom te potencijalima kako bi se građanima omogućilo da izgrade bolji život. UNDP djeluje u 166 zemalja.

The contribute wants to show how the concepts of landscape and cultural landscape fit within the international debate by reading the international charts, the 1972 UNESCO Word Heritage Convention concerning the protection of the word cultural and natural heritage to the 2005 Faro Convention.
Starting from the concept of heritage formulated in the Word Heritage Convention (WHC) we will take into consideration the concept of cultural landscape expressed in the “Guidelines on the inscriptions of specific types of properties on the word heritage list” (representing the evolution of the WHC) and in the European Landscape Convention. We finally will examine the contributions at the international debate given by to the 2003 Convention for safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage and the 2005th Faro Convention on the value of cultural heritage.
The WHC expressed heritage as a set of properties that have exceptional significance, strictly separated into two categories of "cultural heritage" and "natural heritage". It was born from the desire to protect them from degradation also due to social changes and economic changing conditions in those years. Since1992 the category of "cultural landscapes" was included in the “Guidelines on the inscriptions of specific types”: they represent one of the specific properties to be protected because they illustrate the evolution of human society. The 2000 European Landscape Convention (ELC) instead recognizes value to each type of landscape as a bearer of meaning, even those degraded.
The two different interpretations of landscape and cultural landscape given from the Guidelines and the ELC are affected by the different roles of the institutions  which pertain, UNESCO and the Council of Europe. The WHC refers in only to sites that have an "exceptional universal value", while the ELC emphasizes the value of the landscape as an area of human activity. Together they help us to understand how in the debate on cultural heritage there are different views of the same property.

This paper presents the spatial structure(s) of the Belgian housing stock and the spatial outcome of socio-economic inequalities at a (sub)regional level and shows the link with the cultural landscape. A selection of housing patterns illustrates the processes that segment the Belgian housing stock today: north-south contrasts, east-west differences, centre-periphery and urban-non-urban dualities.

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This article intends to provide a few remarks towards theology of the landscape, especially with regard to the so-called spatial turn in general and to the spatial turn in theology in particular. In outline, spatial turn is a cultural turn, but finds its resonance within the field of theology, where it can inspire towards deeper theological reflection of space, places and the landscape.

In the 1880s British and American planned industrial communities revealed a distinct shift in spatial practices as two discrete architecture and landscape architectural aesthetics were applied to community design: Beaux Arts, and Arts and Crafts. Two of the most extensive planned industrial communities during this decade received aesthetic attention: Pullman, Illinois near Chicago (1880), established by George Pullman, and Port Sunlight, near Liverpool (1888), established by William Lever. Both Pullman and Lever believed that by applying a distinctive aesthetic they could establish a cohesive visual ideology for social control. Lever and Pullman believed that by creating “beautiful” spaces, this would encourage and/or constrain worker attitudes and behaviors, what Henri Lefebvre calls “means of control” (1991, p 26). In addition, both Pullman and Port Sunlight became central to establishing and maintaining each company's brand identity. This paper explores the visual ideologies these two industrialists used to produce a distinctive sense of community while also revealing the inherent tensions and limitations of those aesthetics. Not only do Pullman and Port Sunlight reflect an important shift in spatial practices during the 1880s, their architects and landscape architects became influential leaders in the visual ideologies of the City Beautiful and Garden City planning movements.

Beiting, slått and the restoration of old buildings have prompted new activities and discussions in the Vega Archipelago. The long-term study of the interaction between man and nature in the cultural landscape of Vega shows that increased biodiversity, the reintroduction of the old Norwegian sheep, the rediscovery of old traditions and skills, the revitalisation of the eider duck tradition, together with local outreach programmes such as haymaking courses for children and restoration workshops for adults, have not just boosted tourism on the archipelago but have also helped to reinforce the islanders’ sense of pride, thus creating new energy to invest further in Vega’s future.

Resumen:

La intervención en el Convento dos Capuchos de Alferrara es el resultado de la interpretación del tiempo y del lugar, instalación y desactivación de la unidad paisajística donde se integra este conjunto edificado. Tras el abandono de las estructuras arquitectónicas, sus ruinas sugieren la inversión temporal en el sentido de que, aunque permanezcan como elementos de fuerte expresión identitaria, se encuentran en plena transición de sentido de su uso, por más que éste, subliminalmente, permanezca.
Nuestra propuesta es no reconstruir el Convento, pero interponer en el interior la idea de “astillero” fundacional de la obra. Este referente introduce la idea de que el Convento se encuentra estacionado en el período de su edificación y no en proceso de ruina. Se intenta de sustentar un proceso de mediación sociocultural de la presencia continuada del Hombre en la construcción del paisaje para continuar a disfrutar de éste, sin que se plantee la necesidad de (re)construir.


Abstract:

The intervention in the Capuchos Convent in Alferrara is the result of interpreting time and space, despite human action in the cycles of recognition, installation and deactivation of the landscaped unit where this built complex is integrated. After the abandonment of the architectural structures, their ruins suggest a temporal inversion in the sense that, although they remain as strong expressions of identity, they are at a transitional situation in terms of use, even though the original function still subliminally remains.
Our proposal does not aim to rebuild the Convent; on the contrary, we intend to introduce the idea of the foundational construction site in its interior, introducing the idea that the Convent is frozen in its construction period and not in a process of ruin. This intervention aims to sustain a process of sociocultural mediation of the continued presence of man in the construction of the landscape in order to continue to benefit from it without, however, needing to (re)build.

Cultural, Social and Economic Aspects for Greening of Surface Mining Landscapes On the pages of Greening Deserts and in the entire concept, cultural, social, economic and scientific aspects of professional greening and research projects for mining, surface mining and post-mining landscapes are described. Important and additional points are summarized here.

• Establishment and development of a professional network with experts in the fields of culture, business and science – especially in the field of nature conservation, sustainable greening, agriculture, forestry and greenhouse management
• Development and offer of an extensive sociocultural program with art and music, free of charge and paid • Offer and sale of natural products (medicines and crops) and services, see concept and section ‘Services’ • Exhibitions from and for art, not just landscape art
• Involvement of artists and works of art in the landscape and processes • Introduction of landscape planning, nature conservation and socioeconomic areas or fields by integrating suitable and interested institutions, organizations and partners as well as persons and associations with potential or professional competence
• Promotion of the recultivation and rehabilitation of opencast mining areas for a better future use, sustainable nature conservation, cultural, social and economic purposes in connection with the respective municipalities and regions
• Integration of schools, universities and other educational institutions in the development and development process, but also through extra programs, guided tours, trainings, workshops and events
• Sustainable landscaped recreational use, national and international tourism with the best possible natural experience, cultural and artistic life experience
• Sustainable and economical management, optimization and improvement of the energy industry
• Use and adaptation of conditions and properties of opencast mining deserts for realistic desert exploration, especially in the summer • Continuous research and development of forms or techniques of greenhouse, forestry and agriculture
• Development and research of wind, water and solar systems within the framework of the research projects

Further points and extensive information on the topics are extensively described in the Masterplan “Concept and Study on Sustainable Greening Methods, Greenhouse Management, Forestry, Agriculture and Culture Industry for Surface Mining and Post-Mining Landscapes“.

Author: Oliver Gediminas Caplikas / www.Greening-Deserts.com

De kustzone van Holland wordt gekenmerkt door een afwisseling van parallel aan elkaar liggende strandwallen en tussenliggende strandvlakten. Op de oude wallen liggen de geesten, voor de Hollandse kust kenmerkende akkercomplexen. Ook in de omgeving van het Noord-Hollandse Castricum worden in de literatuur geesten onderscheiden, maar omdat hier de monding van het Oer-IJ lag zijn er geen strandwallen aanwezig. Welke geesten zijn er in Castricum, en welke bodemkundige eigenschappen hebben deze bouwlanden?

Cultural landscapes represent social structures, interests, and values. At the same time, the observer can derive, interpret, reinterpret, and inscribe new meanings to the landscape. Landscapes that are saturated with ideologically charged symbols dictate to the viewer what can and cannot be seen and derived from them. On the other hand, landscapes that are abandoned, ruined, partly erased, and deprived of actors, activities, and political context present a different sort of setting. What can be derived from them? What or whom do they represent? Can the current conceptualisations help to capture their meanings? This paper attempts to expand the debate on cultural landscapes, by exploring the linkages to the concepts of haunting and ghosts. It uses the Russian settlements of Barentsburg, Pyramiden, and Grumant, located in Svalbard (Norway), as an example. The paper argues that ruined and abandoned landscapes are 'haunted', and that the viewer can engage with a haunted landscape through interactions with 'ghosts'-fictitious agents that fulfil two roles: i) allowing the viewer to associate with the ghost, and ii) reminding the viewer of the bygone actors, forces, and contexts that shaped the landscape.

Even if a landscape is characterized by the occurrence of no particular natural or cultural attractions, it is of undeniable cultural and historical value since it documents a long-term relationship between humans and the place where they have spent their lives. One way to identify and quantify the values of normal, unexceptional types of landscapes is by using the concept

Some of the main research questions in the assessment ecosystem services include how to integrate ecological and social information into the analysis and how to make it spatially explicit. We mapped six ecosystem services delivered by forests in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (south-east Spain) from the supply-to the demand-sides, taking into account the influence of protected areas on the capacity of supply services. Semi-structured interviews and geographical information system sources were used to map the supply-side, whereas 205 face-to-face questionnaires were distributed to assess and map the demand-side. Our results show the existence of consistent ecosystem service bundles in terms of both the supply-and demand-sides, particularly between erosion control-recreational hunting and between mushroom harvesting-nature tourism. We found a spatial scale mismatch for the erosion control, with its supply at the local scale and its demand at the regional-national scales, with implications at the institutional scale at which it should be managed. Consequently, mapping both the supply-and demandsides is essential for environmental decision making because it can indicate where management interventions should be focused, either by defining high-priority areas for protection or defining the institutional scale at which these services should be managed.

In dit overzicht komt de onderzoeksgeschiedenis van het Oer-IJ gebied aan de orde en de interactie tussen de inheemse bevolking en de Romeinen die hier in d eeerste helft van de eerste eeuw een havenfort hadden. Verder aan bod komen huisbouwtraditie en aardewerk en de opvallende rituele deposities.

El paradigma occidental de simplificación y parcialización del conocimiento formulado por Descartes, postuló el pensamiento disyuntor como método en la investigación científica. No sería hasta el siglo XX cuando éste, comenzaría a revelar vacios, con el surgimiento del pensamiento estructuralista, la teoría de sistemas y los estudios de la complejidad como respuesta a esta parcialización del conocimiento, evidenciando la necesidad de una integración del conocimiento en sus tres grandes campos; la biología, la física y las humanidades. A este último campo pertenece la disciplina de la conservación del patrimonio, que en este comunicado argumenta la necesidad de considerar metodologías integrativas para una nueva visión de la conservación del patrimonio cultural enfatizando la importancia de la investigación del paisaje cultural como parte esencial de una metodología que permita hacer una lectura más acertada del espacio habitable (en sus tres niveles de concreción –territorio, asentamientos humanos, arquitectura-) con el objetivo de englobar diversos enfoques, que coadyuven a una lectura, interpretación y registro del paisaje cultural. Los argumentos a favor de considerar un enfoque holístico, integrativo y transdisciplinario del conocimiento tienen aplicación clara en la identificación, protección, conservación y políticas de desarrollo sustentable de los paisajes culturales. Para este estudio se toma el paisaje de la Cuenca Lacustre de Pátzcuaro que fue en época mesoamericana el centro de la cultura purépecha, conservándose en la actualidad como uno de los sitios más extensos y homogéneos de esta cultura.

Palabras clave: Transdiciplina, Paisaje cultural, Patrimonio intangible, Páztcuaro

This paper explores the relationships between Christianity, Englishness, and ideas about the southern English landscape in the writings of the 1930s and 1940s rural commentator, H.J. Massingham. The paper begins by looking in general terms at the conjunction of religious and national identities in the context of national landscapes before moving on to consider in more detail one particular instance of this in the writing of H.J. Massingham. Massingham's understanding of a divine natural order, his construction of a kind of 'divine Englishness' and the way in which he relates this to particular English landscapes is explored. In particular, the paper investigate s the natural, social and political power relationships which are embedded in Massingham's work, and suggests that his writing provides an interesting example of one way in which theological reasoning can re ect and reinforce concepts of a naturally ordered national identity.

The Kyklades or Cycladic Islands have always been popular amongst archaeologists working on the Aegean Bronze Age and the 'glorious' Classical Greek past. In contrast, not much light has been shed upon aspects of post-Roman life on the islands. Research into the post-medieval period has been a subject mainly for historians and folklorists. This paper attempts to explore aspects of the lifestyle of the peoples who inhabited this island group throughout the more recent, yet most neglected centuries of Greek history, using archaeological, textual and other sources and methods. My aim is to reconstruct everyday rural life in Greece, by focusing on the domestic sphere and addressing questions concerning society and the domestic material culture of a littoral area that has remained traditional until very recently.
This paper examines some .first results of the CYRE.P. (Cyclades Research Project) and introduces examples concerning the domestic material culture of the late medieval and post-medieval periods (early 13th-late 19th centuries) in the Aegean Islands of the Cyclades, with particular reference to housing, furniture and internal.fittings, costumes and embroideries.

I recently had the opportunity to review Alex Gibson’s thought provoking volume, 'Enclosing the Neolithic: Recent studies in Britain and Europe'. That review, to which the reader is directed for further commentary, identified as a weakness the uneven spread of regional case studies, and in particular the omission of studies from the West Country, Wales and North West England, which are so important in understanding the Irish Sea Zone. The aim of this paper is to address this with regard to the material from the North West of England, and in particular Cumbria. This paper is therefore meant to be read in conjunction with Gibson’s edited volume.

Today's landscape planning and design cannot favour one of the alternatives either to reproduce only historical images of landscapes and treat landscape a patient or to transform land use by following the organisational principles of human natural systems. Landscape planning must focus on the multi-functionality of the landscape using the premise of sustainable land use. Three examples, in Germany, that illustrate possibilities of future landscape transformation are presented. Though landscape planning is an important instrument to regulate the relationship between man and environment in such landscapes, in general practice landscape planning faces a lot of concrete problems. Requirements, methods and potentials of landscape planning that enable it to tackle these problems are proposed.

Boathouse Row, in Philadelphia's Fairmount Park, is one of the city's longstanding heritage landscapes. Among this historic collection of buildings stands Turtle Rock Lighthouse, Philadelphia's only remaining lighthouse and one of the few standing in Pennsylvania. Notably, Turtle Rock is embedded within one of the boathouses, the Sedgeley Club, which was the first women's athletic club founded in the United States. This paper traces the co-development of both Turtle Rock Lighthouse and the Sedgeley Club into a single institution as they became significant but lesser-known features of both Philadelphia's social history and heritage landscape. Through this case study's deeper examination of the historical and geographical contexts, I argue that lighthouses are too often overlooked or disregarded elements of cultural landscapes in scholarship and should be better appreciated aspects of our heritage and built environment.