Discourses

Objectives The aim of this article is to recognize and understand how certain discourses and practices carried out by health professionals and sonographers shape the emotional experiences of women who aborted with medication in two provinces of Cuyo, Argentina. Method The research was carried out with a qualitative design through a biographical method and thematic life-stories that emphasize the experience with medical abortion in conditions where abortion is legally and socially restricted. For this research, 18 in-depth interviews were conducted and analysed with women who underwent at least one voluntary pharmacological abortion made in a clandestine way between 2010 and 2019 and who registered interactions with professionals. The interviews were conducted between 2016 and 2019. Results Criminalizing, disciplinary and/or normativizing discourses implemented through direct and indirect actions affected the configuration of women's emotional experiences. The emotional effects o...

This paper focuses on local perceptions of wellbeing, their underlying social and power relations and the resulting cultural resistance by Rarámuri indigenous people in the Tarahumara region, Mexico. It is based on findings from doctoral research that argues that understandings of wellbeing must be analysed in conjunction with its socio-cultural and political context and in relation to ethnic differences.  In this sense, the paper presents evidence that shows how Rarámuri people hold discursive understandings of wellbeing which evoke differentiated ways of living compared to those accounts described both in mainstream development thinking and those which occur in the national society in Mexico. Similarly, the paper considers the value of ethnography, semi-structured interviews and participant observation as a tool in documenting notions of wellbeing and what Rarámuri people value, as well as exploring reflections, fieldwork experiences, and methodological challenges encountered while doing fieldwork research.

This paper focuses on the urban graffiti painted with a political message by different
movements of the Italian political radicalism in the cities of Rome, Florence, Massa,
Carrara, Verona and Udine. For the purpose of this article, during the period from June
2011 to June 2012, a total of 165 graffiti have been photographed, of which 83 painted by
neo-fascist groups, 72 by extreme left groups and 10 by anarchist groups. These three
macro communities, made of different subgroups, emerged as the most active in expressing
their antagonism towards the parliamentary parties with their graffiti that combine semantic
(words) and semiotic (images) elements. An analysis of the collected graffiti’s language
form, meaning and context allows for the identification of the variety of styles of
communication adopted by the different political antagonisms and the different contents of
their communication through graffiti as well as the key elements of their political identities.
Key words: political radicalism, graffiti, linguistics

The study of the canals in the Parma region reveals a specific link with the rules governing representation.
This is due to the way in wich the survey’s techical traits are reflected in the shape of the landscape, wich represents the foremost documentation attesting to its history.
Large-scale plans with different geometric layouts have allowed us to identify three separate phases.
There is no graphic documentation of the works carried out by the Romans and during the Middle Age. It is the landscape itself that testifys to these sources: the signs of the water arrengement let us see the landscape projects that bear witness to the carefully controlled execution of hydraulic rearrangements.
The third one, carried out after the Duchy was created can be assessed using the cartographic collection in the Parma State Archives. The works, survey techniques and plottings are clearly shown in these documents, but the accurate and meticoluos syrvey doesn’t correspond to a geometrically ordered design in the landscape.
On the whole, these works require predetermined plans based on a in depht knowledge of the land, in particular about the gradients. Depht and distance measurement have to be calculated before the elaboration of the project and supervised during execution. So the ancient works validate the creation of reliable measuring systems and the existence of scale surveys and projects based on adequate tools.
The canals provide the opportunity to reinterpret the reason behind the three main phases of landscape transformation:
- the orthogonal pattern of the division of land into a network of plots, during the Roman Age, that imposed a geometric and homogeneous on the land after its conquest;
- the radial pattern during the Middle Age of a territory characterised by urban centrality as the main feature of the landscape;
- the modern re-design wich used survey to “bring together” what already existed in the framwork of a large scale management of a structured area.
These drawings show how geometry - using measurement to “create order” (Le Corbusier), design - used as an element attesting to the city’s way over the land and lastly the role of survey are essential tools in this management and developement of the legacy of the earlier centuries.

References

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That talk is never disinterested complicates the relationship between the environment and the claims people make about it. Talk about place, and one's self in it, is particularly complex when the environment poses risk or is otherwise problematized. This study, a secondary analysis of interview data, seeks to extend discursive work on place-identity by examining the ways in which 14 residents of a small English village talk about themselves and their locale. The locale accommodates an active quarry, and many residents had lodged complaints to the quarry about dust, noise and vibrations from blasting. Attention to the interactional context of the interviews illustrates the ways in which (simply) interviewing people about their locale can threaten self- and place-identity. When asked about life in the village, interviewees oriented to two main dilemmas in protecting self- and place-identity: (1) how to justify continued residence in a challenging environment and (2) how to complain about the locale whilst maintaining positive place-identity. Discursive responses to these dilemmas drew upon typical identity processes, such as self- and place distinctiveness and the formulation of out-groups, as well as upon constructions of localized power-sharing and morally obligated tolerance of risk. We suggest that research on problematical places, and of environmental risk, needs to be sensitized to how it may constitute a threat to self- and place-identity, and how this may mediate formulations self and place, as well as of environmental risk.

Participatory cartographies allow people to show on a map different situations that form the territory where they live. This process is carried out wiyhout intermediaries. Concerning heritage, participatory cartographies are being used to reflect those highly valued buildings, spaces or events that contribute to create the identity of a community. Moreover, these processes are useful to give expression to the relations and conflicts related to local heritage. In this article, four experiences concerning heritage and participatory cartographies are exposed: the sound map of Malaga, the Mapeandonos initiative, the workshop called “What maps don’t show” and the Malagaturismo project. In all cases goals, methodology and conclusions are presented.

The Waldseemuller map of 1507, most well known as the map that first named the New World “America” has generated interest for well over a century after its re-discovery in the library of a German prince by a Jesuit scholar in 1901. The map had long been an object of contention by geographers and historians who often argued over its existence and authenticity.This map was created by a small academy of humanist scholars from a provincial town in whatis now the Lorraine/Alsatian area of France, quite near to the border of modern Germany. The majority of scholars that have researched this map often focused on the reasons why this group of relatively unknown scholars named the North and South American continents after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci. This paper will argue that not enough attention has been placed on the semiotic value this map had, echoing Euro-centric worldviews and the imperial ambitions of the Hapsburg Holy Roman Empire. Taking inspiration from Thongchai Winichakul,Matthew Edney, D. Graham Burnett and other scholars who have re-examined the power of cartography and its role in imperialism, this paper will examine the nationalistic sentiment withinthe Holy Roman Empire, New World discoveries and how this map reflected the consciousness of the most powerful hegemonic empire of the sixteenth-century

"Cette thèse se veut une première approche du rôle des technologies de cartographie en ligne à l’ère du Web social (géoweb) dans le domaine de la planification urbaine participative. Son ambition est de proposer, par la prise en compte des dimensions humaines et sociales des technologies, un angle de lecture et un cadre d’analyse innovant pour appréhender une thématique souvent victime de lectures trop rapides.

Plus spécifiquement, l’objectif est d’appliquer une approche sociogéographique du géoweb à la problématique de l’aménagement urbain participatif avec la volonté de renouveler l’analyse de la participation publique en analysant le rôle de l’information géographique et des technologies en ligne (sites Web, réseaux sociaux, blogues, etc.). La question fondamentale posée est celle de l’utilisation du géoweb et d’Internet par les acteurs de la participation et de ses impacts sur les dynamiques participatives.

Basée sur une étude de cas monographique fine et détaillée mobilisant une panoplie variée de méthodes (analyse documentaire, entrevues, observations directes et participantes), la démarche méthodologique basée sur l’observation de pratiques concrètes, le dialogue et les interactions avec les acteurs de la participation vise à la fois à rassembler des éléments empiriques et à en proposer une interprétation.

Ce travail confronte ainsi des questionnements théoriques sur les nouveaux usages de l’iconographie territoriale numérique et du géoweb avec un corpus d’éléments empiriques issus du cas des procédures et des pratiques de participation publique de la ville de Québec. L’organisation de la thèse s’articule autour de 3 parties et 8 chapitres.

Les 3 premiers chapitres, qui correspondent à la partie d’exploration de la thèse, proposent une vue d'ensemble de l’univers d’étude tant dans sa dimension sociopolitique (débat public, iconographie territoriale, etc.) que technologique (cartographie en ligne, SIG participatifs, géoweb). Les trois chapitres suivants sont consacrés à l’exposé des observations réalisées dans l’étude de cas consacrée à la Ville de Québec (présentation du terrain d’étude, iconographie territoriale mise en œuvre, usage des technologies par les acteurs). Enfin, la dernière partie, consacrée à l’interprétation, propose en premier lieu une synthèse sur le géoweb comme levier de participation puis propose de nouvelles perspectives de recherche."

This essay treats the relationship between native south american shamanic practices and contemporary arts  which is suported on occidental trascendental arts theory as part of mixed-blooded identity owned by artist Francisco Cabanzo. The essay was presented in year 2002 at the Univerity of Barcelona to receive the High Studies Diploma (DEA) or research proficiency. The work was made under the supervision of Professor Josep Cerda of the Sculpture Department at the Fine Arts Faculty.

Academic Philosophy = Death: Long Live Philosophizing

Philosophy is the making of theories, badly or occasionally better, with sets of ideas that resembles fiction, poetry and literature and theology in certain ways in so far as the author uses his imagination and intuition to produce a set of ideas that may or may not attempt to refer to and/or represent or reflect and create a certain reality or life-worlds. It differs from fiction and is relatively unique in so far as it employs reasoning, argumentation and other philosophical tools. It seems as if philosophy is self-incestuous (verbal masturbation), conceptual games with and about concepts using propositions, reasoning and argumentation to make assertions about other concepts (as if the lion is trying to speak, attempting to convey to us what he thinks and how he experiences his life-world), and thereby produce insular, enclosed, self-referential, circular systems of ideas.

Dealing with issues about the impossibility of creating metaphysics, epistemology and ontology.

Manuscripts of most of my 100 books can be downloaded for FREE at Ulrich de Balbian where my work is in the top 0.5% of about 1 million researchers.

Academic, derivative philosophy by scholars and teachers studying and teaching the work and ideas of other philosophers and contrived academic issues are irrelevant and equates with death. Original-, creative-thinking and ideas by philosophers are and always will be alive.

The present paper focuses on the concepts of urban and linguistic space. It considers the city as a diamesic melting pot. Graffitism is seen as a communication channel that needs to be examined in order to better understand the urban language and its many forms.
Key words: graffiti, linguistics, diamesia

The discovery of the Sungai Batu complex by the Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia in 2007 is of great significant in understanding the early civilisations in Malaysia. The complex was found during a scientific palaeoenvironmental reconstruction sutdy. A total pf 97 mounds were mapped and identified in 3km2 area that has great archaeological potential. To date, excavations at 16 mounds revealed ritual monuments, a riverside jetty built in the 2nd century CE, and iron smelting sites that were used from the 1st century CE. The discovery of the iron smelting industry in this complex showed that the Sungai Batu civilisation had an economic base. These new findings give a more holistoc and complete picture of the Bujang Valley civilisation and should lead to a significant re-evaluation of the evidence that has been accumulated since the 1840s. Based on the early research results, the Bujang Valley civilisation was thought to date as early as the end of the 4th century CE and to be primarily a Hindu-Buddhist site (Coedes, 1968). These new finds with chronometric dating (radiocarbon and OSL) allow us to re-write not onl the history of Malaysian civilisation but also that of the region. To date, the important discovery of a 110 CE monument meant Sungai Batu provides the earliest evidence of a monument (with chronometric dates) in Southeast Asia.

The study focuses on the republican murals painted on the walls of two cities, Belfast and Derry, in May 2009. The idea for the study was born during a trip to Northern Ireland during which I had the opportunity to observe the murals and to talk with some of the authors and with persons who had actually experienced
the events represented in the murals.
The nationalist murals have been studied by the author under different perspectives: language, iconography, political symbolism and social environment. Murals are, for sure, the community’s reaction to the British political and violent domination on Northern Ireland and they become instruments of rebellion representing
a collective request for freedom and independence. But they also represent a more complex phenomenon as they embody values and perspectives of the entire nationalist community in Northern Ireland. The study analyses the murals both as single artworks and as a collective phenomenon.A strong focus is given at all the political and social themes represented in the murals and at the different linguistic and iconographic styles of communication
as well as how different themes and styles combine. The nationalist murals are also examined under an artistic perspective with a special focus on the figure of the “artista armato”, the artist as a warrior that uses art as an instrument for communicating higher, collective (moral, social, religious, political) values. This
perspective brings the author to draw and analyse a parallel between the phenomenon of nationalist murals and Futurist art: a comparison based on the themes represented in the artworks, on the placing of the art pieces and on the social role of the artists.
If words, pictures and colours used in the nationalist murals become, as analysed in the study, the voice of the Catholic community in Northern Ireland, a voice not so often listened in the EU, it becomes crucial to understand what the artists
want to communicate, why and how. This study aims also to open up to a new research perspective based on a multidisciplinary approach through the integrated use of semiotics and semantics in ethnography in order to offer a more complete and holistic interpretation of the phenomenon of the Northern Irish republican
murals.

Incógnitas en la Geografía de Ptolomeo - Su cartografía en discusión
Pablo Cayuela, UTN, UCC, UNC, cayuela@ieee.org

Resumen

La gran obra de Geografía (Geōgraphikē hyphēgēsis) de Claudio Ptolomeo, siempre mentada como el más antiguo y completo intento de cartografía matemática que se conserva, es sin embargo un trabajo en el que quedan todavía puntos por dilucidar, tanto sobre sus fuentes, como su transmisión e interpretación hasta la época moderna.
Como ejemplo, baste recordar que las grandes hazañas de la época de los descubrimientos junto con el renacimiento de la cartografía en gran escala en la Europa de la época que las emprendió (siglos XV-XVI), fueron lideradas por España y Portugal, y a pesar de esto no existen versiones completas de estudio de la Geografía en las lenguas de la península, ya que generalmente era leída en latín en ediciones difundidas por la imprenta; incluso al día de hoy es difícil encontrar versiones de estudio completas en inglés, francés o italiano. Solo recientemente se publicó una versión de estudio en alemán de uno de los manuscritos más antiguos .
Por ello, en este trabajo se propone la discusión de esos puntos pendientes y se hacen propuestas para emprender soluciones e interpretaciones para algunos de ellos. Estos son:
• La génesis de la cartografía matemática.
• La dimensión de la Tierra.
• Reconstrucción de los mapas de Ptolomeo.
• Reconstrucción del mapa de Marino de Tiro.
• El océano Índico como mar cerrado.
• La península india y su achatada representación.
• Taprobana, ¿Ceilán, Sumatra o Borneo?
• La doble representación de la península malaya.
• El meridiano cero. ¿Canarias o Cabo Verde?
• La unión de Cattigara con el extremo oriente.
• Megas Kolpos - Sinus Magnus. ¿Océano Pacífico?
• La costa de Cattigara. ¿Costa Pacífica de América?

(SPANISH) Part TWO, contains a secondary sources review, as part of field work preliminary research. The theoretical framework, the focal orientation, as well as  the characterizations of characters, situations, ceremonies and places, plus hypothetical routes and the research and artistic experimentation conclusions. The project remains open, conclusions are partial and presented as impressions besides possible transcendental art research and experimental developments.
ABSTRACT
“Oklahoma – Nararachi, peyote road landscapes” puts together  science and art knowledge, this thesis work deals with images and words, memory and identity, travel and trance to build landscapes. Traveling by car, on the road,  trip starts in Oklahoma, goes on through Texas, Arizona, California, and New Mexico, crossing the border towards Chihuahua, to finish at the Sierra Tarahumara. It is an artistic exploration and research work conducted as a work in progress, following the contemporary Cheyenne poet Lance Henson.
This work provides a crossing of glances crossing photography (Cabanzo Francisco, visual artist), documentary film (Federico Lanchares, documentarist) and poetry languages (Lance Henson, poet and writer, Sundance ceremonial dancer, Dogsoldier clan member, trip guide).
The second part is composed by a set of secondary informations that help to achieve the conceptual and methodological background research that was made by Francisco Cabanzo as a visual artist in order to achive the necessary information to develop a parallel work: first as the documentary research and direction assistant for director F. Lanchares following poet Lance Henson. An to help develop the work as a visual artist do build several video-art (sequencies) and photographic documentation (backstage) of "oklahoma-nararachi peyote road landscapes" trip."

Abstract.
The interlink between the determination of the circumference of the Earth and the geographical mapping performed by Ptolemy in his Geography (c. 150 AD) is discussed. As Ptolemy himself stated, he used the value of 180,000 stades for the circumference of the Earth which is in stark contrast to the famous result of Eratosthenes, i.e. 252,000 stades. Many scholars see these different values as a result of the diverse definitions of a stade used by both ancient authors. Such a view cannot, nevertheless, explain the excessive distortion of Ptolemy's world map along the east-west direction. We have treated the problem with the methods of spherical trigonometry and have shown that many features of Ptolemy’s map can be easily explained and corrected under the presupposition that the length of the stade used by Ptolemy coincides with that of Eratosthenes. The latitudinal distortion in Ptolemaic map is caused by his underestimating of the size of the Earth in combination with his efforts to keep the known latitudes of the localities. Another mathematical consequence is a significant displacement of the localities lying approximately on the same meridian (so-called antikemenoi poleis), as in the case Carthage in relation to Rome. It is shown that a simple transformation of the Ptolemaic coordinates to the circumference of the Earth measured by Eratosthenes drastically improves the positions of the locations given in Ptolemy´s catalogue. The comparison of the recalculated positions of the identified localities with their actual positions confirmed a very high precision of Eratosthenes' result for the circumference of the Earth.

Zusammenfassung
Untersucht wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Bestimmung des Erdumfangs und dem kartographischen Verfahren, das Ptolemaios in seiner Geographie (ca. 150 n. Chr.) anwendet. Wie Ptolemaios selbst behauptet, verwendet er statt des Resultats der berühmten Erd-umfangsmessung des Eratosthenes (252 000 Stadien) den Wert von 180 000 Stadien für die Erdgröße. Die meisten Forscher heute führen diesen Unter-schied auf unterschiedliche Stadien-Längen zurück. Eine solche Ansicht kann aber z. B. nicht die starke Ost-West-Überdehnung der Oikumene erklären, wie sie aus der Erdkarte des Ptolemaios bekannt ist. Wir haben daher dieses Problem mit den Methoden der Sphärischen Trigonometrie behandelt und können nun zeigen, dass sich viele Verzerrungen leicht erklären und korrigieren lassen, wenn wir annehmen, dass das Ptolemäische Stadion mit dem des Eratosthenes identisch ist. Vielmehr wird die Über-dehnung der Oikumene durch den zu geringen Erdumfang bei Ptolemaios in Verbindung mit seinem Bestreben, die überlieferten Breitenangaben für bekann¬te Orte zu bewahren, verursacht. Eine andere mathematische Konsequenz ist die signifikante Verlagerung von Orten, die auf dem gleichen Meridian liegen (so genannte antikemenoi poleis), wie die von Karthago gegenüber Rom. Wir können nachweisen, dass durch eine Rekalkulation der Ptolemaischen Koordinaten in Bezug auf die “richtige” Erdgröße des Eratosthenes die Positionen der Orte in seinem Katalog dramatisch verbessert werden. Ein Vergleich zwischen den rekalkulierten und modernen Koordinaten bestätigt außerdem die Genauigkeit der Eratosthenischen Erdmessung.

This paper contributes to debates in the emerging field of cinematic cartography (Caquard and Taylor 2009) by exploring the ways in which strategies of digital cinemapping can function as tools of critical spatial practice and urban wayfinding. More specifically, the paper considers the scope for digital video technologies to re-shape, contest and ‘ground’ spaces of urban representation and the ‘spatial stories’ these bring into play. Basing my analysis on the mediation of the events surrounding the abduction and murder of the two year old boy James Bulger in 1993, I examine the case as a constellation of spatial narratives within which I weave my own spatial story in the form of a video mapping of the abduction route (in Bootle near Liverpool) and the responses and issues this further mediation has provoked. Methodological reflections on the map-making process are discussed alongside narratives generated by the video on YouTube. The paper argues that, by adopting practices of wayfinding, and by being critically attentive to the ways in which film and video-making practices are also spatial practices, moving image cartographies can provide insights into lived and embedded spaces of memory, and the hidden or muted spatial stories to which they play host.

At first glance the typical medieval Islamic map of ‘the West’—Surat al-Maghrib— strikes us as nothing more than a quaint abstraction of circles, triangles, and oblong shapes ornately adorned with vivid pigments. Closer study presents a more complex image, however, of passion and conflict; of attraction and revulsion; of love and hate. Indeed the Maghrib map is by far the most dissonant image in the extant collection of medieval Arabic and Persian maps and, as such, one of the most engaging. Whereas all the other images have a veneer of harmony and balance, this one is—by deliberate design—passionately conflicted. It is the discord of desire inlaid within the Muslim pictographs of the Maghrib that is the focus of this chapter, the over-arching question being how did medieval Islamic cartographers settle on such a strange looking image as a representation of the Western Mediterranean— in particular, North Africa, Islamic Spain, and Sicily? Answering this question requires immersing ourselves in the map-image itself, and takes us through a series of subliminal messages ranging from intra-Islamic imperial ambitions to erotic and nostalgic Andalusian poetry.

This historical and archaeological research assesses the construction methods and geographical placement of the Hammock Landing Battery (8LI334) in Liberty County, Florida. Landscape data and terrain analysis demonstrates the location of the battery conferred a tactical advantage to the Confederate military. Constructed during the summer of 1863, the Hammock Landing Battery mounted six heavy guns served by three powder magazines and was one component in the line of defense to prevent Federal blockading vessels from reaching the important industrial complex of Columbus, Georgia. Archaeological investigations allowed a comparison of its construction techniques with period engineering manuals. Although many of the dimensions of the excavated structural features differ from the archetype presented in contemporaneous manuals, they exhibit similar characteristics. Artifacts recovered from the site also shed light on the labor exerted during construction of the earthworks, as well as the types of ordnance stores available to Confederate troops in northern Florida.

Nicola Guerra’s essay deals with the recent Italian migration to Finland. The author examines why a growing number of young people has moved to Finland in the last ten years and many young Italians look to the Scandinavian country with a desire to settle there soon. The investigation of the driving forces behind
the flow is accomplished through the semantic analysis of the migrants’ narratives. The study places the reasons for the exodus within the social and economic settings that characterize the two European nations. Guerra identifies the quality of life, rather than the opportunity to get a job matching one’s
educational qualification, as the reason for the decision to migrate.

This chapter studies Cypriot LGBTIQs’ intersectional politics amidst the socio-political environment within which these are articulated, marked by strong nationalistic discourses as well as tensions with European identity and belonging. Specifically, it examines the ways in which local and EU discourses about nationhood, gender, and sexuality shape dynamics of intersectionality. It does so by analysing how gender and sexual identities are formed and by questioning how these formations inform LGBTIQ movement politics in contentious contexts. The chapter employs a qualitative research design and thematically analyses empirical ethnographic data that includes interviews with Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot LGBTIQ participants. It marks intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic dynamics of in-group exclusions. The research argues that these exclusions are reinforced by local notions about ‘Europe,’ expressed through the ‘Europe/West-versus-the-Rest’ dichotomy. Nonetheless, it also finds that the successes of the Cypriot LGBTIQ movement have been based on opportunities afforded by ‘Europe’ and Europeanisation. Therefore, this chapter builds a theoretical and empirical framework for understanding the implications of understandings of nationhood, gender, and sexuality on LGBTIQ politics when the ‘Rest’ meets the ‘West/Europe.’