EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Vol. V, Issue 6/ September 2017
ISSN 2286-4822
www.euacademic.org
Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF)
DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+)
Clash of Competitions:
A Study on Coaching Classes of Kota
Dr. PATANJALI MISHRA
Assistant Professor
School of Education, Vradhman Mahaveer Open University
Kota, Rajasthan, India
BHUPENDRA SINGH
Research Scholar
School of Education, Vradhman Mahaveer Open University
Kota, Rajasthan, India
Abstract:
The news of suicide by coaching student has become a common
phenomenon in these days. Sometimes over ambitions on the part of
parents, circumstances, in ability on the part of students, conflict
between dream of students and parents expectation produces conflict.
The American newspaper, The Washington Post published that more
than 70 students have committed suicide in the last five years in Kota
city of Rajasthan, India. It is quite evident in the report of the National
Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) that the rate of these suicides is much
higher than the national average of 10.6 suicides per one hundred
thousand (100,000) people in 2014. According to this report the
suicides are committed by hanging self, ablaze self and by jumping
from the heights. (Bray and Lykins, 2012) found also that the private
supplementary tutoring is widely known as shadow education, since it
mimics the mainstream. This research paper is not committed to
resolve the suicidal tendency but only focusing on the clash of
competitions where conflict arouses to tendencies for suicidal
commitment among students.
Key words: Competitions, Coaching, Suicide, Kota, NCRB.
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Coaching classes today have become an essential part of a
child‟s education in India. The trend, which was once
considered vexing by parents, is now utterly unavoidable.
According to the Asian Development Bank Report entitled
Shadow Education: Private Supplementary Tutoring and Its
Implications for Policy Makers in Asia, the coaching sector is
estimated to be growing at over 15 per cent each year. As per
the 2012 report by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), about
83 per cent of India‟s high school children attend coaching
classes. The daily newspaper „Business Standard‟ says seeing
the potential of the coaching business in the Indian market;
foreigners too are investing heavily in this arena. In 2011,
South Korean coaching giant Etoos invested Rs 30 Crores to set
up its centres in Kota, focusing on video lecturing and elearning.
In the past two decades Kota city has emerged as a
popular coaching destination for preparation of competitive
exams and education become the main economic base. It‟s an
education hub for all Indians and neighboring countries
because of its world class coaching‟s and studies. It is estimated
that every year two hundred thousand students are coming
here to get coaching of IIT- JEE (Indian Institute of
Technology- Joint Entrance Examination), PMT (Pre-Medical
Test), CPMT (Central Pre-Medical Test), AIEEE (All India
Engineering Entrance Examination) etc. with the hope that
after getting coaching they will be selected in their competitive
exams. So to fulfill their dreams for becoming doctor and
engineer young brains are leaving their families, relatives and
childhood friends at their home town (Prajapati & Singh, 2015).
Whereas, Narayana Murthy, the founder of Infosys, criticised
coachings during his speech to former IITians at „Pan IIT‟
summit on October 3, 2011 at New York that “the quality of
students entering Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) has
deteriorated over the years due to the coaching classes that
prepare engineering aspirants.”
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Figure 1 (Top Coaching Players in Kota)
(Source: http://www.forbesindia.com/printcontent/33050)
The foundation of the coaching industry at Kota, Rajasthan was
laid down in early 1980s by V. K. Bansal, an engineer at a J. K.
Synthetics factory who began his teaching career by taking
math tuitions for local students. Slowly, his students started
clearing the IIT exams. In 1986, Kota came in the IIT limelight
when local boy Sanjeev Arora topped the entrance exam.
Bansal says that 13 of his students cracked the entrance test in
1990. In the mid-1990s, after the closure of the J. K. Synthetics
factory, several engineers joined Bansal Classes. Many of them
later started their own institutes.
The comparative success rate of coaching institutes
(Based on availability on their respective website)
Figure (2) Students selected from Major Coaching’s of Kota in 2017
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Need of the study
It is seen that at the time of examination students become
monkey mind or imbalanced. Therefore, students or children
are sent to coaching classes for their study. Leaving too little,
this is where the tension begins to arise in the students. Today
a range of coaching classes is available in every big city of
India. In the Kota city of Rajasthan, there is a vast range of
coaching institutions for IIT, Engineering, Medical and NonMedical courses; where about the student of every corner of
India is coming for coaching for most of IIT, Engineering and
Medical courses. Cook (2017) has warned in his note which was
published in Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, that the stress of coaching
and the pressure to win sometimes can be a question of life or
death. According to The Huffington Post, till April 2017, Fifty
seven (57) coaching students have finished their life with their
own hands. It can be commonly experienced that the students
have a variety of stresses about various competitive
examinations, related to the environment, feeling, choice, and
often their fears of being selected into IIT, Engineering and
Medical courses.
The issue is serious and should be taken into account
with utmost care and sensitivity. This small study is intended
to look into the problem and how the problem may be resolved.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are as follows1. To study the satisfaction level of students who
are pursuing coaching for IIT, Engineering and
Medical courses in Kota city of Rajasthan.
2. To study the perception of teachers of coaching
institution in regard of different dimensions of
the students study and life skill.
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3. To study the accommodative facilities which are
being provided to the coaching students in hostels
of Kota city in Rajasthan.
4. To identify the dark area of coaching institute
with respect to students overall expectation and
performance.
5. To provide suggestions to overcome problems of
hostel life and stress of coaching students.
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
A mixed method sequential explanatory study was undertaken
using questionnaires for (1) Students (2) Teachers and (3)
Hostel owner‟s satisfaction. In the first quantitative phase,
questionnaires were administered to students of various
coaching institutes and hostel owners of Kota. 400
questionnaires were distributed for collecting data but only 300
questionnaires were properly filled and returned back by the
students who were pursuing coaching for IIT, Engineering and
Medical courses in year 2017. The same process was opted for
collecting the data from teachers / counselors / instructors of
coaching institutes. 150 questionnaires were distributed to
teachers of coaching institutes of Kota where 100
questionnaires were completely filled and returned back by the
teachers / counselors / instructors of coaching institutes. For
seeking the opinion of hostel owners 25 questionnaire was
distributed out of which 20 questionnaires was returned back
the hostel owners.
On the basis of the data collected from the students,
teachers and hostel owner‟s further study was undertaken.
Research design
Mixed method research is gaining increasing acceptance in
social science fields such as sociology, nursing, health and
education (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007). For this study
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sequential explanatory research design of mixed method is
used. It involves a two-phase study in which the research
moves from quantitative phase to qualitative phase
sequentially.
Sample and sampling technique:
Purposive sampling
In this research purposive and random sampling technique was
used where samples of coaching students and hostel owners
were selected randomly. The selected sample size for the study
was 400 students and 150 teachers / counselors / instructors
and 25 hostel owners.
Limitations
The study was limited to the students who were pursuing
coaching only for IIT, Engineering and Medical courses in Kota.
The results are dependent on methodological limitations and
limitations of the tools.
Procedure of data collection
The data for sample were collected from 400 coaching students
and 150 teachers and 25 hostel owners using three separate
questionnaires by performing a survey. 300 coaching students,
100 teachers and 20 hostel owners returned back the filled
questionnaire.
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
A study was conducted involving 400 students attending
different coaching institutes selected on the criteria that the
student is attending some coaching class The responses of 300
students were collected and tabulated on a fixed response
questionnaire containing Eight (8) major dimensions as Health
& Sports, Yoga & Meditation, Study Habits, Environmental
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Conditions, Infrastructural Facilities, Food Habits, SelfIdentification and, Tension & Stress. The responses on these
dimensions are given below-
Figure (3) Student Satisfaction Survey
The above data, which are obtained dimension wise, provide
ideas as we see in the above Figure (3) Health & Sports:
59.13% of students reported that they are actively aware about
their health and the activities like daily running, playing some
physical games, practice at gymnasium etc. which help to
improve the health. Other 40.87% students were known about
the benefits from games but due to busy time schedule, they
were not free to play.
Yoga & Meditation:
In this study we found that 25% students were engaged in
practicing Yoga and Meditation & Surya Namaskara daily or
on free time but 75% students were spending their free time by
playing games, seeing television, listening to songs, walking,
etc.
Study Habits:
Only 35.33% students‟ study habits were not in managed form
while 64.67% arranged their time for systematic study in
coaching as well as in hostel.
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Environmental Conditions:
66.50% students were found satisfied with the environmental
conditions of hostel like the place where hostel was established,
ventilation, air flow system and accordance to seasons like
winter, summer and rainy season.
Infrastructure Facilities:
21% students complained about room conditions, height of roof,
wardrobe, toilets, congestion and problem of suffocation while
79% were satisfied with the infrastructural facilities of hostels.
Food Quality:
Only 78% students were dissatisfied with the food quality of the
food which was given in hostels but a galore of students (22%)
were enjoying with food.
Self-Identification:
A few students near about 47% were aware for self entity while
about 53% were ignorance about to know the self in terms of
personality, attitude and capabilities.
Tension & Stress:
62% students were found in tension and stress while 38% were
free from it. Reason of tension and stress was due to tough
selection procedure, family pressure, no friend circle, no game,
no music and no leisure activity to release stress and tension.
Findings on the basis of responses of students:
1. Average number of students is satisfied with
their studies, however satisfactions with coaching
is lesser.
2. Almost half of the students are hopeful for their
success.
3. Most of the students reported about having no
time for game and sports.
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4. Most of the students reported a high pressure
from their parents for success.
5. Hostel facilities as reported are satisfactory only.
6. Most of the students reported having no time to
watch movies.
7. A major concern is that the most of students
reported that they are attending coaching as per
their parents‟ wishes.
8. Most of the students are of the opinion that
sports may release the pressure and stress.
9. Surya Namskara and other activities are needed
to be encouraged.
Teacher/Counsellor/Instructor Survey
For the present study data was collected from 150
teacher/counselor/instructors who are teaching in coaching
institutions of Kota city. Only 100 questionnaires were
returned back by them. The questionnaire consists of Eight (8)
dimensions as Health & Sports, Yoga & Meditation, Study
Habits, Environmental Conditions, Infrastructural Facilities,
Self-Confidence and, Tension & Stress.
Figure (4) Teacher/Counsellor/Instructor Opinion Survey
The above data, which are obtained dimension wise, are the
basis of the ideas mentioned in the above Figure (4). 49%
teachers/counselor/instructors believe that there is a little
facility to maintain health and for sports activities because of
lack of time and formality for norms by coaching owners. While
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51% refused for availability of, game and health kit in coaching
institution.
39% said yes for practicing yoga and meditation in
coaching classes but only for 30 minutes before starting the
classes. Other 61% showed incapability of practicing Yoga
owing to other problems like little space, time schedule, tough
instructions by the institution owners etc.
Most of teachers 37% appreciate the timing schedule,
management, study material, etc. for better study habits of the
students but 63% said it very busy and fatiguing schedule.
88% teachers said that there are good environmental
conditions and 92% teachers shoed satisfaction towards
infrastructural conditions like building, hostel, mess, lighting,
ventilation, air flow, space in classrooms, etc. A less amount of
teacher 12% for environmental conditions and 8% for
infrastructural facilities were dissatisfied in regard of these
facilities.
Only 44% teachers/counselor/instructors were satisfied
with the self-confidence of the students whereas 56% were
worried for the lack of self-confidence of the coaching students.
81% teachers/counselor/instructors says that they identify the
stress among students but they are not well equipped to
counter the stress problems in terms of training and specialty,
while 19% replied that they come across the thousands of
students daily so they are not able to identify the problems of
students.
Hostels and Hostel Facilities (Based upon the response
of hostel owners)
There are an estimated more than 800 private hostels in Indra
Vihar, Talwandi, Vigyan Nagar and Rajeev Gandhi Nagar
localities alone. Overall, nearly 70 per cent of Kota‟s economy
depends on these businesses. In recent years, however, growing
competition among coaching centres has led to simpler entrance
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tests. Most institutes admit almost all students who apply as
they do not want to lose revenue (Malhotra, 2013).
In order to assess the quality of hostel facilities in
context of recreation, leisure and medical facilities at different
hostels available nearby coaching institutes was conducted
using a fixed response questionnaire. 25 small and big hostels
were selected randomly having at least the capacity of
accommodating 30 students. But only 20 hostel owner
responded for the research. The result on seven (7) dimensions
is as below-
Figure (5) Hostel Owner Satisfaction Survey
As the chart indicates, 70% of hostels arranged high level
infrastructural facilities like space in room, ventilation, toilets,
sleeping beds, study tables, lighting, easy approachable to
coaching classes etc. while 30% hostels were out of approach of
coaching institutions.
Majority of 65% hostels have only televisions and cable
connections in canteens to entertainment only at the time of
breakfast, lunch and dinner. In the other hand 35% hostel
owner believe that television with set top box or dish cable
creates hurdles in the study of the students. No other
recreational facilities were found there in most of hostels.
Almost no hostel has any sports facility, which was the
major finding of this survey research. Although one hostel
owner said that he is having the facility of games and sports
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but during the observation of the available facility that was
found almost useless.
45% hostel owners were found to behave like guardian of
the students but 55% were not interested to interfere in life of
students.
A majority about 75% of hostel owner refused to feel any
type of external conflict in the students. But they did not say
anything on internal conflict.
According to the 75% hostel owners says that most of
students feels loneliness at the time of any occasion such as on
examination or some festivals etc. while 25% hostel owner
replied that they do not bother about the students.
90% hostel owners were not aware about the safety of
the students whereas 10% were aware about the safety of the
students by following safety precautions like having fire safety
cylinder, gatekeeper etc.
Major Findings on the basis of responses of hostel
owners
1. Hostels have almost no facility of games and
sports.
2. Students who feel alone in hostels.
3. Most of the hostel owners think that students are
under great pressure.
4. Hostel owners are not connected to their
students. They are actually involved in only
money making.
5. Hostels have no medical facility available to
them.
The Dark side / Grey area of the story
Headlines “Inside Kota’s coaching factories: Pressure, anxiety
prey on students” of May, 15, 2016 of newspaper Hindustan
Times exposed the dark side of coaching institutions. The
mushrooming coaching industry of Kota has a dark side as well.
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1. Lack of Sports Activity: This study reveals clearly
that Kota coaching industry is lacking in terms of sports
facility in coaching centers as well as in the hostels. The
major concern of government and coaching
centers should be the encouragement of sports
activity. This study reveals that games and sports
facility will surely work in the direction of releasing the
pressure and stress which will surely work in the
direction of lessening the suicides.
2. Lack of Guidance and Psychological Counseling
Services: The counseling services are almost
unavailable in the coaching centres. The counseling
services should be enhanced to save the students from
the depression and stress. This research reflects that
available counselors are not well equipped in taking up
the serious issue of suicide among the students. The
qualified and properly trained psychological counselors
should be appointed by the coaching centres for
providing better counseling services.
3. Divisions of Students in categories have and
haven’t: Various scholars has expressed their worries
on growing private tutoring practices indicating the
disparity between students who have some specific
facilities and who have not. For example, Kota has many
hostels providing AC Rooms@15000-20000 INR per
month. Clearly it is not easy for parents of Middle
income group to afford this. As a result many students
hire shared room and depend upon Mess for their food.
It increases the disparity between so called rich and poor
students which causes conflict and an inferiority
complex among poor students. Perhaps Amartya Sen is
right when he mentions that that private tutoring
divides the student population into haves and have-nots;
it makes teachers less responsible and it diminishes
their central role in education; it makes improvements
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in schooling arrangements more difficult since the more
influential and better placed families have less at stake
in the quality of what is done in the schools.
4. A Negative Socio-Educational Trend of Dummy
Schools: Owing to growing culture of coaching in Kota,
Dummy School Culture has been grown up which is a
serious issue. As these coaching institutes conducts
preparatory classes since class 6th during day time, it is
difficult for students to attend classes at affiliated
schools from where they will get the degree. Coaching
Institutes come with a solution of this by providing
enrolment option in a dummy school where student need
not attend regular classes. On a nominal payment at
those affiliated schools, a student gets enrolment, gets
attendance without attending the school appears in the
board examination and gets degree of 10th and 12th
classes.
5. Suicides among students: Kota witness several cases
of suicide every year. As Malhotra (2013) observed “The
town witnesses at least a dozen suicides a year by
engineering aspirants. Psychiatrist C.S. Sushil, a
professor at Kota Medical College, says the problem of
depression is growing among students. He says the town
has 11 psychiatrists, who attend at least five children
daily on average. In most cases, these students were
toppers in their schools, villages and states. But when
they come here, amidst a line of toppers from across
India, their rank falls. “At the back of a student’s mind is
the fear of being a failure and all the money that his
family has spent on him,” says Sushil. He adds that,
since children come here at a young age, they suffer from
separation anxiety disorder due to staying away from
home for a prolonged period. “Such cases have shot up in
the past seven-eight year.
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6. Juvenile Delinquency: Apart from Suicides, increased
crime rate is common in Kota which is frequent and
committed usually by Juvenile Delinquents. Students
coming from rural background comewith a dream of
being reach by becoming a reputed Doctor or Engineer.
Sometime due to any reason they are not able to cope up
but high aspirations of their parents does not allow them
to go back to their home. In such a case to earn money in
a shortcut way they choose the illegal way like theft,
robbery, kidnapping etc. As Prajapati & Singh observed
that “Kota in Rajasthan is a place where lacs of students
are coming to take coaching for their competitive exams
but apart from studies they are indulging in several
crime, delinquent behaviour and acts. In this paper
researcher tries to find out the causes and effect on
society of Juvenile delinquency. Self-constructed
questionnaire and checklist were used to collect data. Indepth interviews were conducted with psychologists,
doctors, police officers and care takers of rehabilitation
centres and borstal. 100-100 psychologists, police officers,
parents, borstal and hostel care takers were selected as
sample through purposive sampling method. Mostly
delinquents are associated with the stealing, forged
signatures, damaging property of schools and their
coaching, bullying and mockery, torturing, using abusing
language, exhibitionism, homo sexuality, hetero
sexuality, making sexual suggestions, masturbation,
obscene drawing and pictures, regardless of gender,
robbery, smuggling, drug trafficking, truancy etc. but
very less students are involved in committing suicide,
prostitution, murder and rape. The study revealed the
reasons behind this juvenile delinquency are family
influences, films and television, school factors, peer group
and geographic influences and scholastic attainment,
body build and disabilities, physiological characteristics,
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personality characteristics, and genetic factors. As a
result it was found that parents’ observation and
supervision must require controlling and yoga,
meditation, motivational seminar and conferences,
individual and group counselling are important sources
to stop diverting children in criminal acts and measures
for prevention of juvenile delinquency”.
Suggestions to overcome problems of hostel life and
stress
A great atmosphere can shape or distort a hostel life. Having
daily activities obviously helps improve hostel atmosphere and
of course, lots of hostels are doing this right! But smaller places
or newly-opened ones might lack the resources, either human or
financial, necessary to establish a weekly schedule of on-site
activities. Here are some ways that might help improve hostel
atmosphere.
1. Give priority to your studies: This is difficult
especially in India where we enter the
college/coaching after lots of hard work and
expect enjoyment there. We have often heard
from our parents “First get into a college then
enjoy yourself and do whatever you want to do”.
2. Arrangement for sports and game facility:
This study reveals clearly that Kota coaching
industry is lacking in terms of sports facility in
coaching centers as well as in the hostels. The
major concern of government and coaching
centers should be the encouragement of sports
activity.
3. Arrangement
of
Guidance
and
Psychological Counseling Services: The
counseling services are almost unavailable in the
coaching centres. The counseling services should
be enhanced to save the students from the
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depression and stress. The qualified psychological
counselors should be appointed by the coaching
centres for better counseling services.
4. Build meaningful friendships: To make a
better and happy environment every person
wants of friends. So it is necessary to make a peer
group to overcome loneliness.
5. Say no to drugs: Never take drugs to release
the mental pressure. These are not for a healthy
body. These are the reason of memory losses.
6. Join a society: To overcome on burden and
stress of study join a society it may be sports,
music, dance and literary club.
7. Change up your routine: If you‟ve always been
a competitive runner, take a look at other less
competitive options that may help with stress
reduction, such as Pilates or yoga classes. As an
added bonus, these kinder, gentler workouts may
enhance your running while also decreasing your
stress. Believe it that Hostel is the place of cure
for homesickness. Say your problems with the
hostel owner and your room mate.
8. Identify your interests: Think about what you
want to do next in your life. Help yourself to
decide aim of your life and remember it. Every
time feels that there are many people that love
you and they are dreaming for you.
9. Love yourself: Some time it is necessary to be
selfish. There will be a lot of people backbiting
about you, don‟t cares about them, love yourself.
10. Exercise and stress relief: Exercise increases
your overall health and your sense of well-being,
which puts more pep in your step every day. But
exercise also has some direct stress-busting
benefits.
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a. It pumps up your endorphins: Physical
activity helps bump up the production of
your brain‟s feel-good neurotransmitters,
called endorphins. Although this function
is often referred to as a runner‟s high, a
rousing game of tennis or a nature hike
also can contribute to this same feeling.
b. It’s meditation in motion: After a fastpaced game of racquetball or several laps
in the pool, you‟ll often find that you‟ve
forgotten the day‟s irritations and
concentrated only on your body‟s
movements. As you begin to regularly
shed your daily tensions through
movement and physical activity, you may
find that this focus on a single task, and
the resulting energy and optimism, can
help you remain calm and clear in
everything you do.
c. It improves your mood: Regular
exercise can increase self-confidence, it
can relax you, and it can lower the
symptoms associated with mild depression
and anxiety. Exercise can also improve
your sleep, which is often disrupted by
stress, depression and anxiety. All of these
exercise benefits can ease your stress
levels and give you a sense of command
over your body and your life.
CONCLUSION
The preliminary study on student‟s satisfaction indicated an
average level of satisfaction of students at different coaching
institutes of Kota. A relatively higher number of students
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reported that they are fulfilling their parent‟s wish which is a
major concern. Students feel very high pressure from parents,
peers and coaching and thus study hours are longer for them
and less likely to get indulged in game and sports and
recreational activities. Most of the coachings do not have
provision of any type of co-curricular activities or no provision
of any type of psychological counselling to overcome the stress.
Sometimes coaching‟s focus on only students of their top
batches to be taught by top teachers to grow their business,
remaining other students are not taken care of properly. Due to
the growing coaching industry a trend of dummy schools has
been developed, juvenile delinquency has also been increased
and as disparity between who have and who don‟t have has
been increasing. High pressure to succeed has made students a
study machine only increasing suicide rates and such tendency
among students. Hostel facilities are average depending upon
the payment capacity of individual students. Accommodation
ranges from well-furnished room with AC and mess to separate
room without facility with a monthly rental of 20000 INR to
4000 INR respectively.
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