Emanuel Tov

Arabic translation of Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism of the Bible: An Introduction, 2nd ed., rev. and enl.; The Biblical Encyclopaedia Library 31 (Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 2013). under the name: The History of the Torah: From the Revelation until the Codification, trans. Sharif Hamed Salem, rev. and intr. Ahmed Mahmud Hewidi (Cairo: no publ., 2023), pp. 751

A série Supplements to Vetus Testamentum abrange toda a extensão de estudos do Antigo Testamento, incluindo estudos sobre a Septuaginta, pesquisas relevantes de ugarítico para o estudo do Antigo Testamento, estudos hebraicos, estudos sobre a antiga história e sociedade israelitas e estudos sobre a história da disciplina. Há tanto obras individuais quanto volumes coletivos, estes últimos incluem os Proceedings of the Triennial International Congresses of the International Organization for the Study of the Old Testament. Este volume contém trinta e oito estudos dedicados à Septuaginta, escritos por um expert reconhecido em nível internacional sobre a referida versão bíblica clássica e a sua relação com a Bíblia Hebraica. A experiência do autor sobre tais tópicos é baseada em mais de três décadas de trabalho no Hebrew University Bible Project (HUBP), no projeto Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint Studies (CATSS) e em cursos anuais sobre a Septuaginta ministrados na Universidade Hebraica de Jerusalém. Tais estudos, originalmente publicados entre 1971 e 1997, tratam dos seguintes assuntos: tópicos gerais, lexicografia, técnicas de tradução e exegese da Septuaginta, crítica textual e literária da Bíblia Hebraica e as revisões da Septuaginta. Todos os estudos incluídos nesta obra foram revisados, ampliados ou, em alguns casos, encurtados de maneira considerável; e integram estudos que apareceram posteriormente após a redação original dos mesmos. Emanuel Tov é doutor em estudos bíblicos pela Universidade Hebraica de Jerusalém (1973). Ele tem publicado de maneira extensiva estudos sobre crítica textual da Septuaginta e da Bíblia Hebraica. Em 1990 ocupou a cadeira do Departamento J. L. Magnes de Estudos Bíblicos na mesma universidade. Tov especializou-se em vários aspectos da crítica textual e literária da Bíblia Hebraica e da Septuaginta, bem como dos Manuscritos do Deserto da Judeia. Além de escrever vários livros e artigos, o autor ainda está envolvido em vários projetos de pesquisa. Entre 1990 e 2009, direcionou a sua energia no projeto de publicação de todos os Manuscritos do Deserto da Judeia na série Discoveries in the Judaean Desert (DJD). Tradução Edson de Faria Francisco

Twenty-eight revised and updated essays on the textual criticism
of the Hebrew Bible, the Torah, the (proto-) Masoretic Text, the
Septuagint, and the Dead Sea Scrolls originally published between
2010 and 2018 are presented in this fourth volume of the author’s
collected essays. These areas have all developed much in modern
research, and the author, the past editor-in-chief of the
international Dead Sea Scrolls publication project, has been a
major speaker in all of them. The topics presented in this volume
display some of his emerging interests (the text of the Torah and
the proto-MT), including central studies on the development of the
text of the Torah, the enigma of the MT, and the Scripture text of
the te 􀆬llin.

Twenty-eight revised and updated essays on the textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible, the Septuagint, and the Dead Sea Scrolls are presented in this fifth volume of the author’s collected essays. All but two chapters have been published previously between 2019 and 2023, while chapters 22 and 27 are new. Ch. 27: Has the Field of Textual Criticism Changed in the Past Half-Century (1970–2023)?’ chapter 28 contains ‘Some Academic Memoirs.’

Even though the Dead Sea Scrolls have opened up seemingly endless resources that help us better understand and reconstruct the early biblical text, we are still groping in the dark when we try to
understand how the various biblical texts emerged. Thus, the more we know, the less we know.
We will never have firm answers regarding whether there was once an original text of Hebrew Scripture and which of the known texts represents that text best. Moreover, at least in some chapters, it seems quite possible that more than one formulation of the text circulated already in early times, making it difficult to even discuss which formulation is earlier or later.
TheMasoreticText(MT)oftheTorah,theversionusedbyallJewstoday(including Karaites),[1] is a carefully
copied text,butthatdoesn’tmeanitisperfectoralwaysreflectiveoftheoriginal.[2] Whenanalyzingvariants, scholars will often express an opinion on the comparative value for each reading, and I will do so here as well.

The focus of this study is the biblical Dead Sea Scrolls, 65 years after their discovery near the Dead Sea, with the purpose of improving our understanding of the text of Hebrew Scripture. The Qumran finds (more than 200 fragmentary scrolls) reflect textual plurality, and all the biblical texts were probably considered authoritative. At the same time, the 25 Scripture scrolls from sites in the Judean Desert outside Qumran are virtually identical to the medieval MT.

Various passages within rabbinic literature cite a series of alterations which were inserted into the Greek translation of the Torah. In these passages a list of 10 (11), 13, 15, or 18 (16) such alterations appears along with a brief account of the circumstances under which they were inserted in the translation. The background of this rabbinic tradition is examined here, as well as its importance for LXX studies. Special attention is given to the implications of the exact wording of the list for our understanding of the original form of the LXX.

The CATSS project created a flexible multipurpose database which contains data needed for the study of the LXX and its relation to MT (for bibliography, see section III). In the perusal of the database (see section IV), certain types of information can be disregarded when necessary, and other information can be added according to specific needs. The main section of the database is composed of the following elements: a. A parallel alignment of all elements of the MT and LXX. The text of MT (BHS) was encoded under the direction of R. Whitaker and H. Van Dyke Parunak and verified by a team at the Westminster Theological Seminary headed by A. Groves. The text of the LXX (the edition of Rahlfs) was created by the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae in Irvine, CA. The initial alignment of the LXX and MT was created in 1982–1983 by an automatic program written by J. Abercrombie, and the results were corrected in accord with the project's conception of the equivalence of the MT and LXX by the team in Jerusalem. The alignment of MT and the LXX creates exact equivalents of all elements in both texts in two parallel columns: 1. Column a of the Hebrew records the formal equivalents of all elements of the two texts, as if the LXX were a translation from MT. In this recording, several types of symbols are used indicating special phenomena and features which can be listed and analyzed separately. 2. Column b of the Hebrew records a selection of presumed equivalents of the LXX retroverted from the Greek, when the Greek seems to reflect a reading different from MT. It also records select differences between the LXX and MT in the area of translational technique. The main purpose of this column is to provide data which are not available through the use of col. a.

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.