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- Systems Theory, Networks and Systems Dynamics in Tourism, Systems approach in the Interpretation of Events, Festivals, Cultural and Heritage Tourism, Tourism Systems, Tourism Systems and Networks, Systems Thinking for Tourism, Evolution of Consciousness, and 17 moreTourism Studies, Cultural Tourism, Modeling and Simulation, Sustainable Events and Festivals, Soft Systems Methodology, Quality of life, Rural Tourism, Rural Development, Consciousness, Systems Theory, Complex Adaptive Systems, Pilgrimage and Tourism, Color Psychology and Use of Colour, Natural Colour System, Mayan Studies, Sufism, and Shams Tabrezedit
- Tadeja Jere Jakulin (PhD) (before Lazanski) is Full Professor of Tourism Studies in UNESCO’s UniTwin Faculty of Touri... moreTadeja Jere Jakulin (PhD) (before Lazanski) is Full Professor of Tourism Studies in UNESCO’s UniTwin Faculty of Tourism Studies-TURISTICA at University of Primorska, Slovenia. She obtained her PhD for research on the systems, modelling and simulation in tourism, from the University of Maribor, Slovenia. She researches and teaches in the field of soft systems ( organisational networks, social and tourism systems) and consciousness as the evolutionary system. The research work gained her international (CASYS’09) and national (Slovene Scientific Foundation 2009 – Prometheus document of gratitude for excellence in scientific communication, University of Primorska -. teaching excellence), prizes. During 2008 and 2012 she was a Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Tourism Studies – TURISTICA and later Vice-Rector for International Relations of the University of Primorska (2012-2016). She lectured in Universities in Sweden (Kalmar and Stockholm 1997 – 2011), Croatia ( ZSM and VERN, 2003 – 2015), Serbia (Singidunum, 2012 – 2017) and has been appointed as a visiting professor at the University of Rijeka, Croatia (2016/2017, 2017/2018). She is a member of the UNWTO Panel of Tourism Experts, and a member of Chairs of Cultural Tourism within UNESCO UNITWIN Chair of Culture, Tourism, Development (Paris-Sorbonne). She is a board member of the IIAS (International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics), and of Colour Mirrors (Chromo practitioners and Chromo Teachers Network).edit
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In recent decades reported findings regarding gender differences in reading achievement, cognitive abilities and maturation process in boys and girls are conflicting. As reading is one of the most important processes in the maturation of... more
In recent decades reported findings regarding gender differences in reading achievement, cognitive abilities and maturation process in boys and girls are conflicting. As reading is one of the most important processes in the maturation of an individual, the aim of the study was to better understand gender differences between primary school students. The study evaluates differences in Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Electroencephalography (EEG), Electrodermal Activities (EDA) and eye movement of participants during the reading task. Taking into account that colour may affect reading skills, in that it affects the emotional and physiological state of the body, the research attempts to provide a better understanding of gender differences in reading through examining the effect of colour, as applied to reading content. The physiological responses of 50 children (25 boys and 25 girls) to 12 different background and overlay colours of reading content were measured and summarised during the r...
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Decision-making in the employment of hotel animation staff is an important factor in considering the future of a hotel animation team. Staffing in service industries is a task that should be done with great care and deliberation. It is... more
Decision-making in the employment of hotel animation staff is an important factor in considering the future of a hotel animation team. Staffing in service industries is a task that should be done with great care and deliberation. It is very important to choose the right selection procedure for the testing of applicants. Furthermore, the decision should not be made hastily and is worth investing much energy into it in order to be sure that the chosen person is just the right one for the job. In this paper two different ways of selection procedures for an animator in hotel are compared. The two selection procedures involve technical support to human decision-making. These are: the " INSIGHTS " method which offers a new computer-aided system for better self-knowledge and the DEX expert systems method, where we set the criteria for the animator we recognised in the first method. The second one (supported by an expert system in order to facilitate selection and provide clarity of decision) is derived from the first one, which is based on the psychological analytical work of the two pioneers in the field of personality research. Conclusions that were reached while investigating both methods are that both of them can help in the process of selecting the best candidate for the job of a hotel animator. Both methods are adaptable and can be used for selecting candidates for other jobs in the hotel and tourism business. The most important thing while applying both methods is to be highly consistent and thorough.
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This paper examines the benefits of ecotourism in the Maya Rain Forest of Central America to promote sustainable tourism development. Central America is currently in the primary stages of tourism development and has an abundance of... more
This paper examines the benefits of ecotourism in the Maya Rain Forest of Central America to promote sustainable tourism development. Central America is currently in the primary stages of tourism development and has an abundance of natural resources and cultural history ...
This study investigated the influence of white vs. 12 background and overlay colors on the reading process in twenty-four school-age children. Previous research reported that colors could affect reading skills as an important factor in... more
This study investigated the influence of white vs. 12 background and overlay colors on the reading process in twenty-four school-age children. Previous research reported that colors could affect reading skills as an important factor in the emotional and physiological state of the body. The aim of the study was to assess developmental differences between second and third grade students of an elementary school, and to evaluate differences in electroencephalography (EEG), ocular, electrodermal activities (EDA) and heart rate variability (HRV). Our findings showed a decreasing trend with age regarding EEG power bands (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Theta) and lower scores of reading duration and eye-tracking measures in younger children compared to older children. As shown in the results, HRV parameters showed higher scores in 12 background and overlay colors among second than third grade students, which is linearly correlated to the level of stress and is readable from EDA measures as well. Our s...
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Background and Purpose: The standardisation and classification of managed events provide a legislative basis to distinguish events managed for tourism in their characteristics and quality. The systems approach to standardisation and... more
Background and Purpose: The standardisation and classification of managed events provide a legislative basis to distinguish events managed for tourism in their characteristics and quality. The systems approach to standardisation and classification of managed events is a unique, holistic view of event management quality and event organization in tourism. It enables a clear overview of a researched topic and provides adequate support to design and decision-making. In this paper, we explain the meaning of standardisation and classification for Slovenian legislation related to event management. We present the importance of a systems approach methodology for event categorization and classification as it relates to the quality of event management organization, the quality of staff, the quality of the event program and the quality of event services. Objectives: Provide an overview of events in tourism, related definitions and information gathered from scientific authors, which serves as cu...
Tourism has been hit the hardest by the pandemic. At the same time, we can say that a feedback loop has hit the immoderation and lack of systemic thinking in the entire tourism sector. The invited lecture presents a new trend in tourism,... more
Tourism has been hit the hardest by the pandemic. At the same time, we can say that a feedback loop has hit the immoderation and lack of systemic thinking in the entire tourism sector. The invited lecture presents a new trend in tourism, namely the tourists, who maintain contact with nature, the environment, and the locals. They travel and discovers the environment in small groups, local transport, tourist, and boutique offering. We named them with the abbreviation, which represents a new trend in tourism, "4W". (walker, watcher, wonderer, wanderer),
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This paper focuses on the highly demanding issue of managing residents’ attitudes towards tourism development in urban tourism destinations. The objective of this study was to find efficient solutions in how to manage residents’ attitudes... more
This paper focuses on the highly demanding issue of managing residents’ attitudes towards tourism development in urban tourism destinations. The objective of this study was to find efficient solutions in how to manage residents’ attitudes systematically to reduce residents’ irritation in urban destinations, which are considered as complex systems. Therefore, the systems approach methods such as system dynamics and simulation modelling were used. The presented system dynamic model represents the main theoretical contribution of this paper and fills a gap in the current theory of using systems approach to manage residents’ attitudes and reduce residents’ irritation. The model enables wide range of simulations and can be applied in practice in urban destinations with high tourism intensity to find suitable solutions for a particular destination. The case of Český Krumlov Town, the Czech Republic, show that regulating the number of visitors helps to reduce the overall irritation of resi...
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The purpose of this article is to develop a method to obtain a mathematical model for monthly water consumption versus occupation, from historical data from hotels, using linear regressions, validated by the square of the Pearson... more
The purpose of this article is to develop a method to obtain a mathematical model for monthly water consumption versus occupation, from historical data from hotels, using linear regressions, validated by the square of the Pearson correlation coefficient. Based on data of Majorca hotels with common studied characteristics, current consumption is modeled for each hotel and the group of hotels. Minimum values by intervals of occupation can be obtained from the corresponding optimal models. It is concluded that the methodology displayed for selection of data and hotels, allowed to reach values of the square of the correlation coefficient, higher than 0.89 in the optimal models of the hotels studied.
Editorial Team Editor in Chief Style reviewer and text editor Editorial Board Advisory Board (Spanish Members) Advisory Board (Other European Members) Advisory Board (Members from the rest of the world) THE STATE OF THE ART IN RESEARCH INTO RURAL TOURISM IN SPAIN: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE...more
The study of rural tourism has been addressed from different perspectives, such as geography, sociology, psychology, economics, business management, tourism marketing, etc. This positions it as a multidisciplinary research field of great... more
The study of rural tourism has been addressed from different perspectives, such as geography, sociology, psychology, economics, business management, tourism marketing, etc. This positions it as a multidisciplinary research field of great interest which is growing in strategic importance. However it requires appropriate tools to improve its performance and become more professional. The level of interest it now produces is palpable in the quantitative increase in the attention devoted to it in the scientific literature over recent years. Nevertheless there is a need to improve the quality of this research effort, especially in fields related to economics and the management of businesses and even more so with regard to issues related to marketing, all of which would contribute to a better understanding of issues such as the planning, management and marketing of these destinations and businesses. This paper is an analysis of rural tourism as an area of scientific research that aims to c...
In the last decade the mountains of Cuneo have met difficulties in attracting young tourists. Despite the large literature on drivers considered in the choice of a destination, a few contributions focus on the motivations that account for... more
In the last decade the mountains of Cuneo have met difficulties in attracting young tourists. Despite the large literature on drivers considered in the choice of a destination, a few contributions focus on the motivations that account for the choice on the part of young people. This paper, based on the identification of drivers of attractiveness of a tourist destination, investigates how the level of satisfaction of young people influences the quality of the offered services. This objective is achieved by means of a literature review on young-tourist destination and on the measurement of tourist satisfaction, the creation of an adapted SERVQUAL model able to measure the gap between Cuneo's youth priorities and satisfaction. This is possible throughout an explorative study performed by means of a questionnaire submitted to 200 young tourists. Finally, paths of action have been suggested to provincial Bodies throughout a focus group. Results show how young tourists consider very i...
Nowadays, health, wellness and medical tourism are recognized as one of the most developed and growing sector of today's thriving tourism industry that has increased its activity worldwide, due to a lot of social and economic... more
Nowadays, health, wellness and medical tourism are recognized as one of the most developed and growing sector of today's thriving tourism industry that has increased its activity worldwide, due to a lot of social and economic circumstancies that leads people to achieve and pursue a better quality of life. However, these kind of tourism face a multitude of challenges and one of that challenges is the discrepance on its different conceptual approaches and definitions. A literature review on this topic with a descriptive, comparative and exploratory nature was conducted, building a theoretical framework on this field of study. Units of meaning for the definition of the concept categories were elected, which allowed to reflect and sintetize the different approaches to the topic. This analysis brought other perspectives of identification and description of distinct themes, including a few issues about health, wellness, medical tourism, wellbeing and quality of life. Therefore, the ma...
Sport tourism has enjoyed a plethora of definitional and theoretical perspectives over the last three decades proposing a dynamic alternative to mass tourism with specific structural features and modus operandi. However, studies examining... more
Sport tourism has enjoyed a plethora of definitional and theoretical perspectives over the last three decades proposing a dynamic alternative to mass tourism with specific structural features and modus operandi. However, studies examining or suggesting the basic body of knowledge that would satisfy the educational needs of participants in this complex tourism form are lacking. The present study-through an analysis of the involved conceptual fields-aims to minor the gap between theoretical support and direction for tourism academics and the realistic skills needed by the sport tourism industry. The main focus of the study is to provide a theoretical platform based on the available paradigms that would facilitate the build of sport tourism related curriculums. The study embraces an analysis of available secondary sources, academic course outlines, official university's sites, policy declarations, etc. and parallels theoretical models to produce the basic thematic dimensions of a r...
We live under the influence of natural cycles caused by the rotation of our planet and its revolution around the sun. The nature of our nearest star is also subject to cyclical change. This article presents a study of a correlation... more
We live under the influence of natural cycles caused by the rotation of our planet and its revolution around the sun. The nature of our nearest star is also subject to cyclical change. This article presents a study of a correlation between sunspot cycles and foreign tourists arrivals in Slovenia, based on historical data between sunspot cycles and sea salt production in Slovenia's Municipality of Piran during the Maunder Minimum period (1645–1715). The production of salt by the solar evaporation of brine in salt pans and tourist industry are seasonal economic activities that are affected by changes to the weather. The paper looks at sea salt production in Piran during a particular period in the past. The repetition of the sea salt production in the past is not possible. For this reason, the study uses mathematical tools and an additional case study, which analyses arrivals of foreign tourists to Slovenia over the past 65 years (1948–2012). The study has two purposes: to identify...
This paper investigates the role that Web 2.0 technologies and applications can play in helping Destination Management Organisations coordinate local tourism stakeholders. It illustrates the structure of an online platform which allows... more
This paper investigates the role that Web 2.0 technologies and applications can play in helping Destination Management Organisations coordinate local tourism stakeholders. It illustrates the structure of an online platform which allows Destination Management Organisations to combine and display the contents developed by a wide range of local tourism players. The way such a platform enhances coordination and a number of related implementation issues are then discussed. Further research on the topic is finally suggested.
Advertisements play a significant role in communicating product information, guarantees and service excellence. This study aims to investigate the role played by hotel advertisements in building customers' expectation of service... more
Advertisements play a significant role in communicating product information, guarantees and service excellence. This study aims to investigate the role played by hotel advertisements in building customers' expectation of service quality. After a mixed qualitative and quantitative research on 14 hotel marketing officers and 228 potential customers in Jordan, collected questionnaires were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis refining study model's dimensions; the model was inherent to study's results which adopts that advertisements should convey a message of quality through its attractiveness (celebrity endorsement, entertainment, tangibles and appeal), credibility (reliability, promise of quality, slogan, and reasonable price) and information (imagery, risk reduction and message effectiveness). Results of the factor analysis confirmed that all dimensions' items were loaded significantly proving their validity. Having established models' constructs' val...
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Systems methodology as a support for strategic decision-making will be discussed in the paper. A society will be presented as a complex system, which is comprised of many smaller, complex systems as its component parts. The healthcare... more
Systems methodology as a support for strategic decision-making will be discussed in the paper. A society will be presented as a complex system, which is comprised of many smaller, complex systems as its component parts. The healthcare system is one of them. The support to the strategic decision-making in a healthcare system will be shown through systems thinking and systems modelling. We will develop models of a healthcare system in frame of a systems dynamics; a qualitative causal loop diagram (CLD), which helps us to discuss the challenges categorically and a quantitative model, which is a simulation model. Both models illustrate the discussed methodology.
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This paper explores the ways in which the rigour of systems thinking can underpin critical research in religious tourism. Following a brief introduction of the principles of analytical systems approaches, the paper elaborates how these... more
This paper explores the ways in which the rigour of systems thinking can underpin critical research in religious tourism. Following a brief introduction of the principles of analytical systems approaches, the paper elaborates how these principles can drive analyses of religious tourism. Systems approach is a methodology for complex phenomena research, theory and cybernetics, the disciplines, which play an important role in different fields of scientific research. Hereby we will present the tourism system from systems point of view with special regards on religious tourism. Systems Approach uses a different process. It puts the system in the context of the larger environment it is a part of and studies the role it plays in the larger whole. The parts are no longer primary focus. The parts are essential but what is more important is the interrelationship between the parts as they work together to fulfil the purpose of the whole system. Systems approach is optimal for understanding int...
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The complexity of tourism systems requires holistic and accurate decision-making. Systems thinking became a mode of thinking in the last century; it is a point of view that approaches tourism and its challenges as a whole. Through systems... more
The complexity of tourism systems requires holistic and accurate decision-making. Systems thinking became a mode of thinking in the last century; it is a point of view that approaches tourism and its challenges as a whole. Through systems methodology, methods of modeling and simulation, we present a survey of tourism systems as a very important branch of welfare through feedback loops and a simulation model. Such a model usually consists of a causal loop diagram. Simulation becomes a multidisciplinary approach to solving problems of complex systems. This paper demonstrates that simulation results are evaluated with the group decision-making support system and with expert systems. Conclusions derived from a model understanding and model simulation give optimal results to the decision-makers. Thus, systems thinking principles lead towards thinking of cooperation and co-creation in tourism and life in general.
Research Interests: Systems Thinking, Modeling, Complex Systems, Tourism, Simulation, and 3 moreTurizem, Simulacija, and MODSIM
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Systems thinking following Capra’s definition (Capra, 1996), is a framework that is based on the belief that the parts of a system will act differently when the systems relationships are removed and it is viewed in isolation. The only way... more
Systems thinking following Capra’s definition (Capra, 1996), is a framework that is based on the belief that the parts of a system will act differently when the systems relationships are removed and it is viewed in isolation. The only way to fully understand why a problem or element occurs and persists is to understand the part in relation to the whole. In this paper we would like to introduce systems thinking from historical, Mayan, systems and methodological points of view in order to adapt it to sustainable tourism decision making and solutions. These will bring us to the shift of perception in thinking, important for tourism as a complex system, whose problems are softly defined and phenomena uncertain. Decision-making in tourism is difficult, solutions are short termed. This is just a fact, which we can notice, when we use linear thinking. The use of system thinking brings us broader perspectives, long-term solutions, naturally achieved sustainability and harmonious elements wi...
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Achieving a bigger share of international tourist arrivals has led to growing intense competition between destinations. A comparison of tourism competitiveness between two popular tourist destinations, Bangkok and Singapore could be of... more
Achieving a bigger share of international tourist arrivals has led to growing intense competition between destinations. A comparison of tourism competitiveness between two popular tourist destinations, Bangkok and Singapore could be of interest to tourism planners, practitioners and researchers. This study aims to investigate and compare the competitiveness of Bangkok and Singapore as tourist destinations by examining tourism standing, contemporary tourism marketing strategies and their available features and benefits for arriving tourists. The research methodology is a qualitative interpretative approach, employing structured interviews and participant observation. Content analysis and constant comparison are applied to analyze the data. The emerging findings look at issues and perspectives related to how national tourism organizations and marketers can effectively apply tourism marketing strategies to enhance destination competitiveness.
Systems approach represents thinking outside the box and is connected to the transformation of common linear approach and thinking. Western society followed rules of classical western science, which form many centuries took analysis as... more
Systems approach represents thinking outside the box and is connected to the transformation of common linear approach and thinking. Western society followed rules of classical western science, which form many centuries took analysis as mainstream of thinking and researching. One can find perfect and logical explanation for this. In the past, classical science researched matter and reached optimal results with analysis and analytical thinking. Nowadays more and more scientists research intangible world around matter and cooperate with prevailed, fastest growing service industry such as tourism. Following paper presents systems approach in tourism, which defines wideness, co-dependency among tourism system elements, and "big picture" point of view. In a frame of systems methodology, we will show the importance of systems approach in order to understand complexity in the area of tourism. At once an excellent example of the analytical approach will be shown in so called "...
Abstract: We live under the influence of natural cycles caused by the rotation of our planet and its revolution around the sun. The nature of our nearest star is also subject to cyclical change. This article presents a study of a... more
Abstract: We live under the influence of natural cycles caused by the rotation of our planet and its revolution around the sun. The nature of our nearest star is also subject to cyclical change. This article presents a study of a correlation between sunspot cycles and foreign tourists arrivals in Slovenia, based on historical data between sunspot cycles and sea salt production in Slovenia’s Municipality of Piran during the Maunder Minimum period (1645–1715). The production of salt by the solar evaporation of brine in salt pans and tourist industry are seasonal economic activities that are affected by changes to the weather. The paper looks at sea salt production in Piran during a particular period in the past. The repetition of the sea salt production in the past is not possible. For this reason, the study uses mathematical tools and an additional case study, which analyses arrivals of foreign tourists to Slovenia over the past 65 years (1948–2012). The study has two purposes: to id...
In the current real life, systems theory is an abstract background of systems thinking, which is a part of systemic behavior. The systemic behavior is the alternative to the currently prevailing one-sidedness that puts all of humankind in... more
In the current real life, systems theory is an abstract background of systems thinking, which is a part of systemic behavior. The systemic behavior is the alternative to the currently prevailing one-sidedness that puts all of humankind in danger of self-destruction due to the crucial over-sights (all the way to world wars) that unavoidably result from the current over-specialization (along with crucial, but partial insights), if the specialists fail to practice creative interdisciplinary cooperation. This contribution is a next phase of research after the contributions by Matjaz̆ Mulej, Zdenka Z̆enko and Viktor Z̆akelj (2017) and by Matjaz̆ Mulej, et al. (2013). Although the abstract background and thinking that the systemic behavior applies, are very necessary, theory and thinking are no longer enough for systems science to be a relevant science and practice helping humankind find the way out from the current blind alley and survive as a healthy civilization with a healthy social a...
Background and Purpose: The complexity of the tourism system, as well as modelling in a frame of system dynamics, will be discussed in this paper. The phaenomenon of tourism, which possesses the typical properties of global and local... more
Background and Purpose: The complexity of the tourism system, as well as modelling in a frame of system dynamics, will be discussed in this paper. The phaenomenon of tourism, which possesses the typical properties of global and local organisations, will be presented as an open complex system with all its elements, and an optimal methodology to explain the relations among them. The approach we want to present is due to its transparency an excellent tool for searching systems solutions and serves also as a strategic decision-making assessment. We will present systems complexity and develop three models of a complex tourism system: the first one will present tourism as an open complex system with its elements, which operate inside of a tourism market area. The elements of this system present subsystems, which relations and interdependencies will be explained with two models: causal-loop diagram and a simulation model in frame of systems dynamics. Design/methodology/approach: Systems me...
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Agritourism as a type of niche tourism is a complex and softly defined phaenomenon. The demands for fast and integrated decision regarding agritourism and its interconnections with environment, economy (investments, traffic) and social... more
Agritourism as a type of niche tourism is a complex and softly defined phaenomenon. The demands for fast and integrated decision regarding agritourism and its interconnections with environment, economy (investments, traffic) and social factors (tourists) is urgent. Many different methodologies and methods master softly structured questions and dilemmas with global and local properties. Here we present methods of systems thinking and system dynamics, which were first brought into force in the educational and training area in the form of different computer simulations and later as tools for decision-making and organisational re-engineering. We develop system dynamics models in order to present accuracy of methodology. These models are essentially simple and can serve only as describers of the activity of basic mutual influences among variables. We will pay the attention to the methodology for parameter model values determination and the so-called mental model. This one is the basis of...
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Background and Purpose: The standardisation and classification of managed events provide a legislative basis to distinguish events managed for tourism in their characteristics and quality. The systems approach to standardisation and... more
Background and Purpose: The standardisation and classification of managed events provide a legislative basis to distinguish events managed for tourism in their characteristics and quality. The systems approach to standardisation and classification of managed events is a unique, holistic view of event management quality and event organization in tourism. It enables a clear overview of a researched topic and provides adequate support to design and decision-making. In this paper, we explain the meaning of standardisation and classification for Slovenian legislation related to event management. We present the importance of a systems approach methodology for event categorization and classification as it relates to the quality of event management organization, the quality of staff, the quality of the event program and the quality of event services.Objectives: Provide an overview of events in tourism, related definitions and information gathered from scientific authors, which serves as cur...
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Purpose – This paper aims to analyse whether and how the Development Plan and Policies of Slovenian Tourism (SiPlan) could be improved systematically and systemically, enabling more comprehensive management of innovation.... more
Purpose – This paper aims to analyse whether and how the Development Plan and Policies of Slovenian Tourism (SiPlan) could be improved systematically and systemically, enabling more comprehensive management of innovation. Design/methodology/approach – The data were obtained within a comprehensive national innovation study. Data analysis was performed in four phases. In the initial phase, a link between the innovation project and SiPlan was established. In the next phase, which of the innovation factors are significantly correlated with the tourism destination development concept was identified. In the third phase, further policy potential for improving the innovation factors was identified. In the last phase, a systems approach was applied to develop a qualitative systems model, a causal loop diagram, taking into consideration the empirically identified strengths and weaknesses of the current SiPlan and other pertinent factors. Findings – The results of empirical research indicate t...
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Tourism has been hit the hardest by the pandemic. At the same time, we can say that a feedback loop has hit the immoderation and lack of systemic thinking in the entire tourism sector. The invited lecture presents a new trend in tourism,... more
Tourism has been hit the hardest by the pandemic. At the same time, we can say that a feedback loop has hit the immoderation and lack of systemic thinking in the entire tourism sector. The invited lecture presents a new trend in tourism, namely the tourists, who maintain contact with nature, the environment, and the locals. They travel and discovers the environment in small groups, local transport, tourist, and boutique offering. We named them with the abbreviation, which represents a new trend in tourism, "4W". (walker, watcher, wonderer, wanderer),