- Antennas & Radio Wave Propagation, Antennas and propagation, Ray Tracing, Radio Channel Modelling, Radiowave Propagation, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, and 15 moreSolar radiation, Indoor Channel Propagation and Mobile Communication, Millimeter Wave Propagation, Millimeter Waves, Propagation Models, Wireless indoor propagation modelling, Radio Propagation Models, Radio wave Propagation Modelling, Wireless Communications, Radio Localization, Remote Sensing, Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Techniques, Electromagnetics, Computational Electromagnetics, and Electromagnetic Compatibilityedit
- Enrico M. Vitucci received the 'Laurea' M.Sc. degree in telecommunication engineering, and the Ph.D. degree in electr... moreEnrico M. Vitucci received the 'Laurea' M.Sc. degree in telecommunication engineering, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Bologna, Italy. He is currently a senior tenure-track assistant professor at Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI). Formerly, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the DEIS Department of the University of Bologna, where he worked on the research project 'Deterministic and Hybrid Channel Models for MIMO and UWB Systems', and a Research Associate at the Center for Industrial Research on ICT (CIRI ICT) of University of Bologna. In 2007, he was an invited post-doctoral reasearcher at TKK-Helsinki University of Technology, now Aalto University, Finland. In 2016, he was a visiting researcher at Polaris Wireless, Inc., Mountain View, California (USA). He is author or co-author of about 60 publications on international journals and conferences. His research interests are in mobile radio propagation, ray tracing models, MIMO channel modelling, green ICT & ICT for green, solar radiation and energy efficiency in urban areas. He participated in the European Cooperation Actions COST 273, COST 2100, COST IC1004 and currently COST CA15104 IRACON, in the European Networks of Excellence FP6-NEWCOM and FP7-NEWCOM++, and in the EU Integrated Project FP7-ICT-ALPHA. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and he is a member of the Editorial Board of the journal "Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing". He also serves as TPC member and reviewer for a number of international conferences and journals including several IEEE and IET Transactions He held the habilitation as Associate Professor in Electromagnetic Fields, according to the Italian National Scientific Habilitation Procedure (ASN 2016-18).edit
The combination of distributed antenna systems (DAS) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) schemes opens the way to a variety of coverage solutions for indoor environment. In this paper interleaved-MIMO (i-MIMO) DAS indoor coverage... more
The combination of distributed antenna systems (DAS) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) schemes opens the way to a variety of coverage solutions for indoor environment. In this paper interleaved-MIMO (i-MIMO) DAS indoor coverage extension strategies are studied. Their performance in high-order MIMO cases is investigated in realistic conditions through LTE-A link-level simulations, based on statistical data extracted from radio channel measurements; the impact of the deployment strategy on performance is then evaluated and useful planning guidelines are derived to determine the optimum deployment for a given propagation environment.
According to the current prospect of allocating next generation wireless systems in the underutilized millimeter frequency bands, a thorough characterization of mm-wave propagation represents a pressing necessity. In this work, an “item... more
According to the current prospect of allocating next generation wireless systems in the underutilized millimeter frequency bands, a thorough characterization of mm-wave propagation represents a pressing necessity. In this work, an “item level” characterization of radiowave propagation at 70 GHz is carried out. The scattering properties of several, different objects commonly present in indoor environment are investigated by means of measurements carried out in an anechoic chamber. The measured data have been also exploited to tune some parameters of a 3D ray tracing model.
The determination of the complex permittivity of low-loss construction materials at frequency bands above 6 GHz that are being proposed to allocate forthcoming mobile radio services is of critical importance for the design and deployment... more
The determination of the complex permittivity of low-loss construction materials at frequency bands above 6 GHz that are being proposed to allocate forthcoming mobile radio services is of critical importance for the design and deployment of future wireless systems. In this paper, a simple free-space method for the electromagnetic characterization of construction materials that does not require multiple reflection or transmission coefficient measurements for different incidence angles or complex optimization procedures is proposed and tested. The method is shown to yield permittivity and conductivity values in agreement with the literature for some common-use materials using a relatively simple measurement setup and procedure.
The prediction of indoor coverage from outdoor base stations should be of even greater interest than outdoor prediction, as most wireless data traffic is generated indoors. Due to difficulties in acquiring indoor building maps on a large... more
The prediction of indoor coverage from outdoor base stations should be of even greater interest than outdoor prediction, as most wireless data traffic is generated indoors. Due to difficulties in acquiring indoor building maps on a large scale and integrating outdoor and indoor propagation models, outdoor-to-indoor prediction has been limited in practice to the use of generic outdoor-to-indoor attenuation factors or empirical formulas. In the present work, we propose a hybrid method based on deterministic 3-D outdoor prediction on building surfaces and indoor extension using a radiosity-based iterative method that does not require a detailed building map. Prediction results are checked against measurements and, surprisingly, they appear to be almost as accurate as outdoor prediction results.
A simple field prediction model based on a combination of a two-parameter propagation formula and a multi-wall model is proposed for fast and yet accurate indoor and indoor-to-outdoor field prediction. The model's approach is based on:... more
A simple field prediction model based on a combination of a two-parameter propagation formula and a multi-wall model is proposed for fast and yet accurate indoor and indoor-to-outdoor field prediction. The model's approach is based on: simplicity; physical soundness; and adaptability to the available environment-database format. The model is validated versus both ray tracing and measurements in different environments and it is shown to perform very well in all cases. Moreover, the model is very fast and can exploit the accuracy plus of deterministic prediction based on the 3-D indoor building map whenever it is available.
Frequency bands above 6 GHz are being considered for future 5G wireless systems because of the larger bandwidth availability and of the smaller wavelength, which can ease the implementation of high-throughput massive MIMO schemes.... more
Frequency bands above 6 GHz are being considered for future 5G wireless systems because of the larger bandwidth availability and of the smaller wavelength, which can ease the implementation of high-throughput massive MIMO schemes. However, great challenges are around the corner at each implementation level, including the achievement of a thorough multi-dimensional characterization of the mm-wave radio channel, which represents the base for the realization of reliable and high-performance radio interfaces and system architectures. The main properties of the indoor radio channel at 70 GHz, including angular and temporal dispersion as well as an assessment of the major interaction mechanisms, are investigated in this study by means of UWB directional measurements and ray tracing simulations in a reference, small-indoor office environment.
ABSTRACT In the present work a novel multi-link MIMO scheme for indoor applications, called Interleaved F-DAS MIMO, is proposed. The performance of an Interleaved F-DAS MIMO deployment in a typical indoor office environment is analyzed,... more
ABSTRACT In the present work a novel multi-link MIMO scheme for indoor applications, called Interleaved F-DAS MIMO, is proposed. The performance of an Interleaved F-DAS MIMO deployment in a typical indoor office environment is analyzed, with particular reference to the LTE standard with the help of Ray tracing prediction and an LTE link-level simulator. Results show that the proposed scheme, although simpler and relatively less expensive than conventional co-located MIMO schemes, achieves a similar level of performance in terms of radio coverage and system throughput.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The behavior of radio propagation in cross-polarization (X-pol) in urban environment is studied with the aid of both MIMO measurements and ray tracing simulation. Several microcellular scenarios are considered in the paper (LOS, NLOS,... more
The behavior of radio propagation in cross-polarization (X-pol) in urban environment is studied with the aid of both MIMO measurements and ray tracing simulation. Several microcellular scenarios are considered in the paper (LOS, NLOS, street corner), and the behavior of X-pol discrimination (XPD) as a function of the distance is analyzed. Results show that typical XPD values fall between 8 and 10 dBs, and are nearly independent of link distance.
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ABSTRACT The polarimetric properties of the radio channel, with particular reference to the Dense Multipath Components (DMC), are analyzed in the present work for different types of outdoor and indoor environments, with the aid of... more
ABSTRACT The polarimetric properties of the radio channel, with particular reference to the Dense Multipath Components (DMC), are analyzed in the present work for different types of outdoor and indoor environments, with the aid of measurements and Ray Tracing (RT) simulations. A heuristic Diffuse Scattering model, suitable to be embedded in RT tools, is properly tuned and parameterized to reproduce the cross-polar discrimination (XPD) characteristics of the DMC extracted from measurement data in the above mentioned scenarios.
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Graph theory channel modeling is an efficient approach to simulate multipath radio propagation including the reverberation effect of electromagnetic waves. In this contribution, without modifying the modeling framework, we proposed a... more
Graph theory channel modeling is an efficient approach to simulate multipath radio propagation including the reverberation effect of electromagnetic waves. In this contribution, without modifying the modeling framework, we proposed a semi-deterministic channel modeling approach by associating the scatterers with realistic environment objects, and by calculating the coefficients of the propagation paths on the base of a physically sound and proven diffuse scattering theory. The diffuse multipath components are then combined with the specular components (SCs) simulated by ray-tracing (RT) to obtain a complete channel representation. The proposed method is evaluated in two reference scenarios at 3.8 and 60 GHz, respectively, by comparing the simulated channel characteristics with channel measurement data. Results show that the proposed method can accurately predict the channel characteristics in both the delay domain and the angular domain. The proposed approach is appropriate to model multipath propagation in confined indoor or dense-urban environment at millimeter (mm)-wave frequencies and above, where reverberation and rough-surface scattering can be important phenomena.
ABSTRACT In the present work, the performance of indoor deployment solutions based on the combination of Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) and MIMO transmission techniques (Interleaved-MIMO DAS solutions) is investigated for high-order... more
ABSTRACT In the present work, the performance of indoor deployment solutions based on the combination of Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) and MIMO transmission techniques (Interleaved-MIMO DAS solutions) is investigated for high-order MIMO schemes with the aid of LTE link level simulations. Planning guidelines for linear and 2D coverage solutions based on Interleaved-MIMO DAS are then derived.
Research Interests:
The polarimetric characteristics of the signal back scattered from a building wall are studied in this paper with the aid of MIMO measurements and Ray Tracing simulation. A very simple environment with a single rural building amid an open... more
The polarimetric characteristics of the signal back scattered from a building wall are studied in this paper with the aid of MIMO measurements and Ray Tracing simulation. A very simple environment with a single rural building amid an open area is considered to reduce complexity and better isolate the different kinds of back-scattered contributions: specular reflection, diffractions, diffuse scattering. Narrowband
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The results of a measurement campaign aimed at determining the far-field diffuse scattering pattern of typical building walls are shown in the paper. Such results are then used to determine and tune simple diffuse scattering models based... more
The results of a measurement campaign aimed at determining the far-field diffuse scattering pattern of typical building walls are shown in the paper. Such results are then used to determine and tune simple diffuse scattering models based on the effective roughness approach, to be embedded into ray tracing simulators. It is shown that by adopting an appropriate single-lobe scattering pattern the agreement between simulation and measurement is very good
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT In the present work a novel multi-link MIMO scheme for indoor applications, called Interleaved F-DAS MIMO, is proposed. The performance of an Interleaved F-DAS MIMO deployment in a typical indoor office environment is analyzed,... more
ABSTRACT In the present work a novel multi-link MIMO scheme for indoor applications, called Interleaved F-DAS MIMO, is proposed. The performance of an Interleaved F-DAS MIMO deployment in a typical indoor office environment is analyzed, with particular reference to the LTE standard with the help of Ray tracing prediction and an LTE link-level simulator. Results show that the proposed scheme, although simpler and relatively less expensive than conventional co-located MIMO schemes, achieves a similar level of performance in terms of radio coverage and system throughput.
Research Interests:
The prediction of RF coverage in urban environments is now commonly considered a solved problem with tens of models proposed in the literature showing good performance against measurements. Among these, ray tracing is regarded as one of... more
The prediction of RF coverage in urban environments is now commonly considered a solved problem with tens of models proposed in the literature showing good performance against measurements. Among these, ray tracing is regarded as one of the most accurate ones available. In the present work, however, we show that a great deal of work is still needed to make ray tracing really unleash its potential in practical use. A very extensive validation of a state-of-the-art 3D ray tracing model is carried out through comparison with measurements in one of the most challenging environments: the city of San Francisco. Although the comparison is based on RF cellular coverage at 850 and 1900 MHz, a widely studied territory, very relevant sources of error and inaccuracy are identified in several cases along with possible solutions.
Research Interests:
Level crossings are critical elements of railway networks where a large number of accidents take place every year. With the recent enforcement of new and higher safety standards for railway transportation systems, dedicated and reliable... more
Level crossings are critical elements of railway networks where a large number of accidents take place every year. With the recent enforcement of new and higher safety standards for railway transportation systems, dedicated and reliable technologies for level crossing surveillance must be introduced in order to comply with the safety requirements. In this survey the worldwide problem of level crossing surveillance is addressed, with particular attention to the recent European safety regulations. In this context, the capability of detecting, localizing, and discriminating the vehicle/obstacle that might be entrapped in a level crossing area is considered of paramount importance to save lives, and at the same time avoid costly false alarms. In this article the main solutions available today are illustrated and their pros and cons discussed. In particular, the recent ultra-wide bandwidth technology, combined with proper signal processing and backhauling over the already deployed optical fiber backbone, is shown to represent a promising solution for safety improvement in level crossings.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Juho Poutanen#* *Aalto University Department of Radio Science and Engineering, SMARAD PO Box 13000, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland {pertti.vainikainen, tommi.laitinen, velimatti.kolmonen, juho.poutanen}@aalto.fi +Alma Mater Studiorum, Università... more
Juho Poutanen#* *Aalto University Department of Radio Science and Engineering, SMARAD PO Box 13000, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland {pertti.vainikainen, tommi.laitinen, velimatti.kolmonen, juho.poutanen}@aalto.fi +Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di ...
Research Interests: Mobile Communication, Antenna arrays, MIMO, Correlation, Long Term Evolution, and 11 moreAntenna Array, Electromagnetic wave propagation, System Evaluation, Channel model, Laboratory Tests, Mobile Communication System, Computational Method, Base station, Antenna measurements, Cellular system, and Mobile Terminal
Abstract Recent studies highlighted the important role of diffuse (or distributed) scattering in determining the actual time-and angle-dispersion of the radio channel in urban environment. Diffused scattering however, is inherently a... more
Abstract Recent studies highlighted the important role of diffuse (or distributed) scattering in determining the actual time-and angle-dispersion of the radio channel in urban environment. Diffused scattering however, is inherently a distributed phenomenon, ie it takes origin from every single ...
Research Interests:
In this paper a novel model for forward diffuse scattering of indoor walls is presented which is suitable for integration in ray-based prediction tools for indoor environment. The model extends the already-available Effective-Roughness... more
In this paper a novel model for forward diffuse scattering of indoor walls is presented which is suitable for integration in ray-based prediction tools for indoor environment. The model extends the already-available Effective-Roughness (ER) diffuse-scattering model in a straight-forward way and allows for a different scattering behaviour of the wall in the backward and forward half-spaces to be described. The model is checked against measurements on a wall sample and it is shown to sensibly improve the accuracy of the prediction of the overall scattering pattern of the wall.
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ABSTRACT In the present work a 3D Ray Tracing model is used to predict the wideband characteristics of the radio channel in a large indoor environment. A detailed analysis is carried out to show not only the wideband prediction accuracy... more
ABSTRACT In the present work a 3D Ray Tracing model is used to predict the wideband characteristics of the radio channel in a large indoor environment. A detailed analysis is carried out to show not only the wideband prediction accuracy potential of ray tracing, but also how the potential can be reached. In particular the description of the environment, which should include the surrounding buildings, and other computation parameters have a significant impact on the reliability of the simulation results.
ABSTRACT Back-scattering from buildings at 2GHz is studied through measurements on a 60 GHz scaled-model and ray tracing simulations. Comparing simulations to measurements, which separately consider different interaction mechanisms... more
ABSTRACT Back-scattering from buildings at 2GHz is studied through measurements on a 60 GHz scaled-model and ray tracing simulations. Comparing simulations to measurements, which separately consider different interaction mechanisms (reflection, diffraction, and diffuse scattering), we validate our ray tracing model and determine the relative importance of each interaction mechanism to the back-scattered signal.
ABSTRACT It is known that Diffuse Scattering (DS) modelling must be embedded into Ray Tracing propagation prediction tools to achieve realistic results. However, the extension of the common ray based approach to include DS phenomena... more
ABSTRACT It is known that Diffuse Scattering (DS) modelling must be embedded into Ray Tracing propagation prediction tools to achieve realistic results. However, the extension of the common ray based approach to include DS phenomena results in an increased computational burden due to the distributed nature of DS, which supposedly requires wall-surface discretization and therefore a much higher number of elements to be considered in the visibility algorithm. In this work a fast DS model which doesn't require discretization is implemented into a Ray Tracing propagation simulator and performance is assessed in terms of CPU time and result accuracy with respect to more conventional DS models.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT
A key point in the deployment of new wireless services is the cost-effective extension and enhancement of the network's radio coverage in indoor environments. Distributed Antenna Systems using Fiber-optics... more
A key point in the deployment of new wireless services is the cost-effective extension and enhancement of the network's radio coverage in indoor environments. Distributed Antenna Systems using Fiber-optics distribution (F-DAS) represent a suitable method of extending multiple-operator radio coverage into indoor premises, tunnels, etc. Another key point is the adoption of MIMO (Multiple Input-Multiple Output) transmission techniques which can
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT In the present work, the performance of indoor deployment solutions based on the combination of Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) and MIMO transmission techniques (Interleaved-MIMO DAS solutions) is investigated for high-order... more
ABSTRACT In the present work, the performance of indoor deployment solutions based on the combination of Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) and MIMO transmission techniques (Interleaved-MIMO DAS solutions) is investigated for high-order MIMO schemes with the aid of LTE link level simulations. Planning guidelines for linear and 2D coverage solutions based on Interleaved-MIMO DAS are then derived.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT A Ray Tracing (RT) algorithm has been developed to predict the amount of solar radiation incident on the façades of buildings in urban environments. Such algorithm can be used to estimate the amount of solar energy turned into... more
ABSTRACT A Ray Tracing (RT) algorithm has been developed to predict the amount of solar radiation incident on the façades of buildings in urban environments. Such algorithm can be used to estimate the amount of solar energy turned into heat energy which contributes to the Urban Heat Islands (UHI) effect, to evaluate the energy efficiency of solutions like solar captators and, therefore, to estimate the overall energy efficiency of an urban area.
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Diffuse or dense multipath components play an important role in determining the polarization behavior of wireless transmission channels. In this communication, we parametrize a polarimetric diffuse scattering model in two indoor... more
Diffuse or dense multipath components play an important role in determining the polarization behavior of wireless transmission channels. In this communication, we parametrize a polarimetric diffuse scattering model in two indoor environments. Our method relies on the empirical extraction of dense multipaths by means of a high resolution algorithm and on the investigation of the properties of this diffuse component. The analysis reveals that diffuse scattering significantly depolarizes the impinging wave in indoor scenarios, yielding cross-polar discrimination values close to 0 dB.
Research Interests:
The polarimetric characteristics of the signal back scattered from a building wall are studied in this paper with the aid of MIMO measurements and Ray Tracing simulation. A very simple environment with a single rural building amid an open... more
The polarimetric characteristics of the signal back scattered from a building wall are studied in this paper with the aid of MIMO measurements and Ray Tracing simulation. A very simple environment with a single rural building amid an open area is considered to reduce complexity and better isolate the different kinds of back-scattered contributions: specular reflection, diffractions, diffuse scattering. Narrowband
Research Interests:
2ABSTRACT An advanced ray tracing model has been used to perform a multidimensional characterization of propagation in ideal, Manhattan-like environments. MIMO performance estimates have then been derived from ray tracing output,... more
2ABSTRACT An advanced ray tracing model has been used to perform a multidimensional characterization of propagation in ideal, Manhattan-like environments. MIMO performance estimates have then been derived from ray tracing output, including capacity estimates, in a variety of cases. ...
Research Interests:
The combination of Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) schemes opens the way to a variety of coverage solutions for indoor environment. In this paper Interleaved-MIMO (i-MIMO) DAS indoor coverage... more
The combination of Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) schemes opens the way to a variety of coverage solutions for indoor environment. In this paper Interleaved-MIMO (i-MIMO) DAS indoor coverage extension strategies are studied. Their performance in high-order MIMO cases is investigated in realistic conditions through LTE-A link-level simulations, based on statistical data extracted from radio channel measurements; the impact of the deployment strategy on performance is then evaluated and useful planning guidelines are derived to determine the optimum deployment for a given propagation environment.
Research Interests:
Dense multipath components may represent an important part of wireless transmission channels, yet little is known about their physical properties. For this reason, we parameterize an ad hoc diffuse scattering model, which can be easily... more
Dense multipath components may represent an important part of wireless transmission channels, yet little is known about their physical properties. For this reason, we parameterize an ad hoc diffuse scattering model, which can be easily included in ray-tracing tools. The work, focusing on the polarimetric properties of diffuse contributions scattered off building walls, relies on experimental data. By means of a joint post-processing of the data in conjunction with ray-tracing simulations, characteristic parameters of diffuse scattering are extracted. The analysis reveals that diffuse scattering represents an crucial part of the received power. Regarding depolarization caused by diffuse scattering, our work highlights that depolarization appears to be small for homogeneous brick walls, but is far from negligible for more complex wall structures.
Research Interests:
Cross-polarization coupling is an important radio propagation characteristic in dual-polarized multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems. Still, few studies analyze the polarimetric properties of the radio channel in relation to the... more
Cross-polarization coupling is an important radio propagation characteristic in dual-polarized multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems. Still, few studies analyze the polarimetric properties of the radio channel in relation to the actual propagation conditions and processes taking place in urban environment. The topic is studied in the present paper with the aid of dual-polarized MIMO measurements and ray tracing simulations. Several scenarios are considered, and the impact of the different propagation characteristics (LOS, NLOS, link-distance, presence of diffuse-scattering, angular distribution of the signal, etc.) on cross-polarization coupling is analyzed. Generally, a fairly high degree of coupling is observed due to multipath propagation and especially to diffuse scattering. Surprisingly, it does not appear to depend on link distance.
Research Interests:
Juho Poutanen#* *Aalto University Department of Radio Science and Engineering, SMARAD PO Box 13000, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland {pertti.vainikainen, tommi.laitinen, velimatti.kolmonen, juho.poutanen}@aalto.fi +Alma Mater Studiorum, Università... more
Juho Poutanen#* *Aalto University Department of Radio Science and Engineering, SMARAD PO Box 13000, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland {pertti.vainikainen, tommi.laitinen, velimatti.kolmonen, juho.poutanen}@aalto.fi +Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di ...