Research Interests:
Competition is one of the best and most popular tools in the educational process. Through competition, new talent emerges in specific areas. This research focuses on secondary school students’ interest in space weather monitoring systems... more
Competition is one of the best and most popular tools in the educational process. Through competition, new talent emerges in specific areas. This research focuses on secondary school students’ interest in space weather monitoring systems during and after their involvement in this competition. The objective of the research was to highlight the competition process. The competition was held in Malaysia and was open to all form 4 and form 5 secondary school students between the ages of 16 and 17. Each school was represented by one team and each team was comprised of four students guided by science teachers acting as mentors in a competition based on a module developed by researchers from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Each team was required to build and design a VLF antenna, assemble the electronic components on the PCB to build the preamplifier and then analyze the data that they received. They had to create graphs and identify peaks indicating solar flares. Their findings were compared to GOES satellite data for verification. They were also required to prepare and upload their progress and final technical reports to be evaluated by a panel of judges. As stated in Vision 2020, this competition will hopefully cultivate interest amongst future scientists in the country especially the younger generation. This project revealed that the students were able to conduct research with minimal guidance and that they enjoyed participating in the competition.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The objective of the paper is to present findings of a Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) outreach program on Smart Control Helicopter. The program involved 27 school students in Selangor, Malaysia where they learned a... more
The objective of the paper is to present findings of a Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) outreach program on Smart Control Helicopter. The program involved 27 school students in Selangor, Malaysia where they learned a microcontroller board called Arduino to control mini helicopters. Students had exposed to the procedures to assemble simple circuits for the control system, the connection process of the circuit to a microcontroller, and communication with the computer. The activity has equipped the students with basic knowledge in performing accurate programming to maneuver a mini helicopter. A few university students assisted the learning activities based on a developed module. The program was conducted in the form of a competition to self-motivate the students. The students completed a questionnaire and quiz on the technical knowledge of technology and electronics. As a result, students were able to gain knowledge on the related skills and showed active participa...
Research Interests:
Objective of this paper is to report the outreach of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) program in Malaysia conducted by UKM. The program involved school students in Selangor where they learned to use a program code... more
Objective of this paper is to report the outreach of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) program in Malaysia conducted by UKM. The program involved school students in Selangor where they learned to use a program code called Arduino to control mini helicopters. Students were exposed on how to assemble simple circuit for control system and how the circuit was connected to a micro controller, which communicate with the computer. This equipped the students with basic knowledge in making the right program to move the helicopter. All learning activities were greatly assisted by university students through a teaching module. Moreover, the program was conducted in the form of competition and this helped to bring out the competitiveness within the students. As a result, students were able to garner new knowledge within a short span of time.
Research Interests:
The present study is a continuation project of the UKM SIDπ outreach program that aims to provide a meaningful science learning for school students. Interactive activities were implemented in two phases to expose students on space... more
The present study is a continuation project of the UKM SIDπ outreach program that aims to provide a meaningful science learning for school students. Interactive activities were implemented in two phases to expose students on space science. At phase one, two hundred two students from four schools engaged in hands-on and minds-on activities while interacting with UKM scientists through space detective, mini solar system and habitat on the moon. Thirty students participated for the second phase where the two-day workshop was held to provide input on STEM and the UKM SIDπ project and installation. The phase two participants are presently collecting data using the SIDπ kits at the school. The feedback from phase one and workshop showed students enjoyed learning space science through the activities and majority willing to participate for the next program.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The teaching concept based on Outcome Based Education (OBE) has been implemented at the Faculty of Engineering, UKM beginning in 2005. Through this approach, each programme is required todevelop programme educational objectives and... more
The teaching concept based on Outcome Based Education (OBE) has been implemented at the Faculty of Engineering, UKM beginning in 2005. Through this approach, each programme is required todevelop programme educational objectives and programme outcomes upon consultation with stakeholders such as government, employers and alumni. Hence, this paper presents a method which can be used to measure stakeholders' perception on importance and achievement of statements of the programme educational ...
Research Interests:
This paper presents the temporal characteristics of electromagnetic fields produced by cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes associated with Antarctica storms. A total of 51 positive CG (+CG) and 103 negative CG (−CG) flashes have been... more
This paper presents the temporal characteristics of electromagnetic fields produced by cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes associated with Antarctica storms. A total of 51 positive CG (+CG) and 103 negative CG (−CG) flashes have been recorded by a magnetic direction finder (MDF) sensor in King Sejong Station, King George Island. In total, 47 positive and 107 negative return strokes were located, ranges from 32 to 569 km. All CG flashes were detected to occur over the ocean. The return strokes characteristics include the observations of slow front, fast rising, rise time, and pulse duration with geometric mean values of 3.2, 0.53, 3.21, 13.12, and 67.09 µs for +CG flashes, while 3.9, 0.57, 3.72, 20.75, and 69.86 µs for −CG flashes, respectively. Additionally, the average peak currents of +CG and −CG flashes were 4.13 kA and 3.14 kA, respectively. The temporal characteristics of the return strokes of Antarctica storms are comparable to other geographical regions. The smaller peak c...
Research Interests:
Studies on counter-electrojet currents (CEJ) using ground data revealed that this current could occur simultaneously among locations that are less than 30° longitude apart. In our work, the symmetricity of CEJ variation between the west... more
Studies on counter-electrojet currents (CEJ) using ground data revealed that this current could occur simultaneously among locations that are less than 30° longitude apart. In our work, the symmetricity of CEJ variation between the west and east of Southeast Asia, separated by ~25°, was preliminarily examined according to its types: morning (MCEJ) and afternoon (ACEJ). Since most of the past studies had overlooked the occurrence after dusk, the monitoring period was also extended from 18:00 to 21:00 LT, namely, the post-sunset depletion (PSD). The magnetometer station in Davao, Philippines (DAV) and Langkawi, Malaysia (LKW) were chosen to represent the east and west parts. The EEJ index (i.e., EUEL) over the periods of the solar cycle 24 (2008–2018) was utilized specifically during magnetically quiet days (Kp < 3). As the result, both parts symmetrically showed that MCEJ and ACEJ were positively and negatively correlated with the F10.7 index. Contrarily, MCEJ and ACEJ were asymme...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The paper examines the Ionospheric response to the annular eclipse of the sun on January 15, 2010 over eastern and western Malaysia using GPS data measurement from 14- ground station in Malaysia. The GPS sensing technique employs two... more
The paper examines the Ionospheric response to the annular eclipse of the sun on January 15, 2010 over eastern and western Malaysia using GPS data measurement from 14- ground station in Malaysia. The GPS sensing technique employs two different approaches to verify the TEC depletion occurrence at the 14-stations. The first approach measures the TEC depletion parameters at the 14 GPS stations during the solar event. The second approach compares the TEC value with the quiet day TEC variation at one of the station 3-days before and 3-days after the solar eclipse event. The GPS observation indicates occurrence of TEC depression at 6 stations where the behaviour varying from one station to another. On the basis of the first and second measurement techniques, the range of TEC depletions at the six stations were 9 to 20 %, while for the other 8-stations 0.4 to 12% respectively. The measurement shows that TEC depression at most GPS stations began on the neck of the first contact of the solar...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The ionosphere is a notable source of error that disrupts the accuracy of the global position system (GPS) signal to the ground by changing the speed and direction of the signal propagation and in the process causing a delay in the... more
The ionosphere is a notable source of error that disrupts the accuracy of the global position system (GPS) signal to the ground by changing the speed and direction of the signal propagation and in the process causing a delay in the signal. Therefore, forecasting the ionospheric delay is very important to reduce the GPS positioning error. In this work, statistical Holt-Winter method was chosen due to its suitability in forecasting time series with repeated seasonal patterns. This involved the forecast of ionospheric delays covering the period from October 2009 to December 2010 using GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor (GISTM) over Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) station, at geographic coordinate of 2.55 °N, 101.46 °E. The comparisons of Additive and Multiplicative Holt-Winter models were done in terms of month-to-month error measurement, the difference of the actual and forecasting delay and the monthly average of the forecast. The maximum difference between actual and...
Research Interests:
This paper investigates co-seismic and post-seismic ionospheric and magnetic disturbances during the M9.0, 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The investigation collects data from two sources which are the GEONET GPS stations located in the... more
This paper investigates co-seismic and post-seismic ionospheric and magnetic disturbances during the M9.0, 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The investigation collects data from two sources which are the GEONET GPS stations located in the near zone of the epicenter and the MAGDAS stations located near and far from the epicenter. Three types of ionospheric disturbances were detected: direct acoustic wave (894m/s), gravity wave from a propagating Tsunami (226 m/s), and secondary wave from the Rayleigh surface wave (2862 m/s). The directivity of the wave propagation was found to be northward from the epicenter. In addition, magnetic disturbances with period ranging from 4-6 min were also found near the epicenter. These magnetic field disturbances were associated with the short-period ionospheric disturbances induced by the direct acoustic wave from the epicenter.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This paper presents a seasonal analysis of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash activity in the Western Antarctica using a lightning detector sensor installed at the Carlini Base station. Data obtained from the detection system between... more
This paper presents a seasonal analysis of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash activity in the Western Antarctica using a lightning detector sensor installed at the Carlini Base station. Data obtained from the detection system between February and December 2017 were analyzed. Three common locations and areas of composite active thunderstorms (labelled storm regions A, B, and C) were detected by the sensor within a 1000 km radius from the station. Storm region A was located to the northwest (N/W) of the station and covered the Amundsen/Bellingshausen Sea (ABS), whereas storm region C was located on the southeastern (S/E) side of the station over the Weddell Sea (WS), with distances ranging from 500 to 800 km and bearings of 270° to 360° and 90° to 180, respectively. Storm region B was located around 100 km from the station with the bearings of stroke taken from 0° to 360°. A total of 2,019,923 flashes were detected, of which 43.01% were positive CG and 56.99% were negative CG flashe...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication techniques are highly interesting because they seek to rearrange the huge spectrum of UWB for diverse applications. Therefore, UWB is the main technique employed in communication systems for 4G wireless... more
Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication techniques are highly interesting because they seek to rearrange the huge spectrum of UWB for diverse applications. Therefore, UWB is the main technique employed in communication systems for 4G wireless networks. However, several issues in UWB technology, such as interference with various existing civil and military communication systems, require resolution. In this study, the number of impulses (M) obtained from a pulse is optimized to implement a special correlation technique called optimized impulse correlation (OPIC). The UWB transmitted-reference (TR) receiver correlates all impulses in the pulse. The new technique contributes to the reduction of multi-user interference (MUI), especially in concurrent schemes. According to the OPIC curve, a value of M from (M = 1, 3, 5) is the most suitable to eliminate MUI in the TR receiver, not a value of M from (M = 7, 9,..., 49).
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Smart homes have gained a lot of attention in recent years. People are looking forward to receiving an opportunistic network, where they can gather communication devices within a wireless heterogeneous network. The most important issue in... more
Smart homes have gained a lot of attention in recent years. People are looking forward to receiving an opportunistic network, where they can gather communication devices within a wireless heterogeneous network. The most important issue in a wireless heterogeneous network is to manage bandwidth, due to the scarcity of this resource in wireless links, compared to wired networks. Bandwidth management inefficiency may result in an unsatisfactory performance of a network. This paper investigates bandwidth allocation based on Radio Access Technology (RAT) selection in a wireless heterogeneous smart home environment that integrates different RATs considered in the study, which are Bluetooth, cellular 3G, and Wi-Fi. The nodes/users in a smart home are served through a RAT that best fits the service requirements; with adequate bandwidth that guarantees Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. We will demonstrate the comparison between the bandwidth occupancy of each RAT using two types of serv...
Research Interests:
Localization of mobile users is very important feature that has been studied in location-based service (LBS). The accuracy of the estimation of mobile user’s position through wireless communication services is the main issue especially in... more
Localization of mobile users is very important feature that has been studied in location-based service (LBS). The accuracy of the estimation of mobile user’s position through wireless communication services is the main issue especially in the case of emergency. The main goal of this work is to analyze the accuracy of Hybrid Localization Determination Technique (HLDT) based on Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Time of Arrival (TOA) in localizing of the mobile user which is located in the vicinity of area with the availability of heterogeneous network that consist of GSM, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), WiMAX and Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. This localization method was chosen as the user equipment (UE) often experiences enough hearability for the trilateration method in urban area. Several drive tests have been observed in urban area sample from Shah Alam to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data from drive test of Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) of Node Bs have been...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.8 No.9, September 2008 154 ... Determination of GPS Total Electron Content using Single ... Norsuzila Ya'acob, Mardina Abdullah, and Mahamod Ismail,... more
IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.8 No.9, September 2008 154 ... Determination of GPS Total Electron Content using Single ... Norsuzila Ya'acob, Mardina Abdullah, and Mahamod Ismail, ... Department of Electrical, ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Geodesy, Computer Science, Atmospheric Science, Global Positioning System, GPS, and 12 moreIonosphere, Model validation, Space Weather, Profitability, Total Electron Content, Wave propagation, International reference ionosphere, Tec, Error Correction Model, Navigation System, baseline, and Polynomial
The present study aims to investigate the influence of the zonal wind velocity on equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) occurrences over Southeast Asia. The observation of the EPB occurrence is obtained from the GPS Rate of TEC change index.... more
The present study aims to investigate the influence of the zonal wind velocity on equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) occurrences over Southeast Asia. The observation of the EPB occurrence is obtained from the GPS Rate of TEC change index. Meanwhile, the zonal winds were measured using a Fabry‐Perot interferometer located at Kototabang and Chiang Mai stations, and the height of F layer was acquired using an ionosonde at Chumphon station near the magnetic equator. This is the first study to report the influence of zonal wind velocity variation on EPB occurrences with the presence and absence of EPB using GPS data in the Southeast Asian sector. The results illustrated that the average magnitude of zonal wind velocity during the presence of EPB (78 ± 23 m/s) was higher than that of its absence (68 ± 21 m/s). It was observed using long‐term data analyses which led to in‐depth analyses. The analysis of temporal variation of zonal wind variation demonstrated that the zonal winds during EPB were higher in the evening compared to midnight and postmidnight periods from medium to high solar activities. The dependence of zonal wind velocity on EPB over local time was obtained based on the analysis which utilized the data collected during equinox in high solar activity. Besides that, a positive correlation was obtained between the zonal wind velocity and EPB occurrences during pre‐reversal enhancement (PRE) corroborated the effects of zonal wind influence on PRE, and thus EPB occurrences.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Malaysia Real-Time Kinematics GNSS Network (MyRTKnet) which consists of 78 GPS receivers was used to investigate the occurrence of equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) along 96°E-120°E longitude. In this study, we present the monthly occurrence... more
Malaysia Real-Time Kinematics GNSS Network (MyRTKnet) which consists of 78 GPS receivers was used to investigate the occurrence of equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) along 96°E-120°E longitude. In this study, we present the monthly occurrence rate of EPB along the geographical longitudes of 96°E-120°E for a half of solar cycle period (2008-2013). A 2D map of rate of TEC change index (ROTI) projected at 300 km altitude was derived from the signal paths between GPS satellites and the receivers. A ROTI keogram for one day period was obtained from the east-west cross section of the 2D ROTI maps at 4°N for every 5 min. The occurrence day of EPB was determined from the keogram by the existence of ROTI larger than 0.1 TECU/min within the 96°E-120°E longitude. The results show that the occurrence of EPB along the 96°E-120°E has maximum during equinoctial months and is consistent with previous studies. The occurrence rate of EPB during equinoctial months shows similar characteristics in low and high solar activity due to the broad observational coverage of the MyRTKnet. In contrast, the occurrence rate of EPB during solstice months shows significant relation with solar activity. Solstice months recorded high occurrence rate of EPB in high solar activity that might be attributed to post-midnight irregularities.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
AbstractThe regional ionosphere maps over Malaysia were studied during the minimum phase of solar cycle 23. Fifty-seven GPS RTK reference stations for the network covering the whole of Malaysia managed by JUPEM were used in this... more
AbstractThe regional ionosphere maps over Malaysia were studied during the minimum phase of solar cycle 23. Fifty-seven GPS RTK reference stations for the network covering the whole of Malaysia managed by JUPEM were used in this analysis. TEC is the measure of the ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Stanford SOLAR Centre of Stanford University introduced the Space Weather Monitoring program with the aim of building and distributing inexpensive ionospheric monitors named Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance or SID for short. These SIDs are... more
Stanford SOLAR Centre of Stanford University introduced the Space Weather Monitoring program with the aim of building and distributing inexpensive ionospheric monitors named Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance or SID for short. These SIDs are used to detect changes to the Earth’s ionosphere caused by solar flares and other ionospheric disturbances. In 2009, through collaboration between the Institute of Space Science (ANGKASA), UKM (currently known as Space Science Centre) and Stanford University, U.S., research in remote sensing using Very Low Frequency (VLF) receiver was initiated at UKM using the AWESOME monitor. Later, when the International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) was established with the main aim of focusing on space weather research, UKM was provided with a set of low cost version of the AWESOME monitor called Super Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SuperSID) ionospheric monitor which was designed for high school. In 2012, UKM researchers succeeded in building their own VLF ...