Microcontroller

The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. Multilevel inverter is to synthesize a near sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc voltages. In order to maintain the different voltage levels at appropriate intervals, the conduction time intervals of MOSFETS have been maintained by controlling the pulse width of gating pulses. In this paper single phase to three phase power conversion using PWM technique. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment which demonstrate the feasibility of proposed scheme.

This article illustrates the benefits of using PSoC microcontrollers for biomedical applications such as: electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG). The article also describes the steps to be followed for the implementation of biomedical equipment capable of capturing the different types of bio-potentials generated from the human body. These steps include: signal conditioning, filter design, signal digitalization, data communication and visualization. Finally, a low-cost electromyography device design is shown. The design easily serves as a device for either electroencephalography or electrocardiography, always using a lower amount of electronic components than regular equipment.

This research work is developed with two AT89C52 microcontrollers from Atmel. The microcontrollers provide all the functionality of the display notices and wireless control. The Display is obtained on a 7X96 Light Emitting Diode (LED) dot matrix display, arranged on a Vero board. A desired text message from a mobile phone is sent via a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) to the GSM module located at the receiving end. The GSM modem is connected, through MAX 232 Integrated Circuit (MAX 32 IC), to the AT89C52 microcontroller. The message that is stored in the Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) is then displayed on the LED dot matrix display. This hardware uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. A three-terminal LM7805 is employed for regulation of the voltage. A bridge type full-wave rectifier is used to rectify the AC output of the secondary of 230/12V step down transformer. The system was tested to work according to specification.

In this paper, we propose a method for a line follower robot based on the instantaneous computation of the radius of curvature of this line, using infrared line sensors. The number and layout of its sensors, as well as the method chosen, play an important role in the robot's response to the line, with the desired accuracy and speed. In addition, the robot must be equipped with an anti-collision system, using an ultrasonic distance sensor, to detect and avoid obstacles in several situations, especially at line crossovers, when other robots share a common complex line.

Water is a basic human need in all economic operations. Farmland, renewable energy, the industrial industry, and mining are all critical economic areas. Water supplies are under severe strain. With the population increase, the requirement for water from competing economic sectors is increased. So, there is not enough water left to meet human needs and maintain environmental flows that maintain the integrity of our ecosystems. Underground water is becoming depleted in many sectors, making now and future generations near the point of being deprived of protection from the increasing climate variability. Therefore, the critical role that information technology methods and internet communication technologies (ICT) play in water resources managing to limit the excessive waste of fresh water and to control and monitor water pollution. In this paper, we have to review research that uses the internet of things (IoT) as a communication technology that controls the preservation of the availabl...

Testing core based System on Chip [1] is a challenge for the test engineers. To test the complete SOC at one time with maximum fault coverage, test engineers prefer to test each IP-core separately. At speed testing using external testers is more expensive because of gigahertz processor. The purpose of this paper is to develop cost efficient and flexible test methodology for testing digital IP-cores [2]. The prominent feature of the approach is to use microcontroller to test IP-core. The novel feature is that there is no need of test pattern generator and output response analyzer as microcontroller performs the function of both. This approach has various advantages such as at speed testing, low cost, less area overhead and greater flexibility since most of the testing process is based on software.

Nowadays the technology is embedded in every utilized application to increase the reliability and minimize the human errors caused by the conventional methods. The traditional methods usually been used in restaurant is by taking the customer's orders and write it down on a piece of paper. Many ordering systems have been proposed in order to solve this issue. In this paper a newly proposed model called Smart Menu is designed basedon the Wi-Fi technology as the communication medium and Peripheral Interface Controller (ARM Cortex-m7 processor) as the hardware which implements faster ordering system. The aim for the smart menu model is to build and design both hardware and software for the ordering and delivering system at restaurants by using TFT LCD connected to the kitchen through WI-Fi technology. Result shows that the hardware and software are successfully functional and able to be used as a smart ordering system. The proposed model is able to handle the lack number of the workers, reduce the lateness and the error on ordering foods by the customers.

In each and every field there is a need of maintaining attendance management system. The system will maintain a log details of each and every in their respective field. From past few years Automatic Face Recognition (AFR) technologies have fair improvements in performance, and such systems are now widely used for security and commercial applications. Automated face recognition system is helpful for recognizing face of humans in a real time background mainly for college to mark the attendance of their students. Automatic Face Recognition System is a real world solution which is useful in everyday activities. The matched face is used to mark attendance of the student. This system maintains the attendance records of students. The traditional approach of manually entering of attendance in logbooks is a difficult task and it also wastes the time. So this system is going to design an efficient module that comprises of face recognition to manage the attendance records of students. The new ...

Poultry is a great potential industry particularly in Batangas Province. The method of feeding chicken needs to be considered as chicken must be fed regularly to be more productive. The conventional method of feeding chicken is the need to continuously provide the food, be alert and conscious on the food remaining in cages and to feed the chickens in a correct period of time to avoid the decline of the production. Growers also find it difficult to manage their businesses effectively because they need to be around the cages every now and then to monitor the poultry. Timing and exactness are the key to provide a uniform time in feeding the chickens. This will benefit the owner of the business in terms of time and effort. Another advantage of this project is in terms of savings to the owner of the poultry business. This technology was designed to automatically feed chickens at a given period of time and to give alarm when the feeds are running out of supply. The power to be supplied to this prototype will be drawn from the sun by means of solar panels and will be stored in typical car battery. The feeds will be stored in a container and evenly distributed by using a conveyor to the feeding basin of the poultry. It will be more efficient than manual conventional way of feeding because less effort will be needed in feeding the chickens and less feeds will be wasted. In addition to that, the stored power can also be used for lighting purposes for the growers to save energy and energy bills. INTRODUCTION Electricity is the most used energy nowadays. Most of the equipment and gadgets used by people need electrical energy to provide comfort and to make their life simpler and easier. There are different sources of energy that can be converted or transferred to electrical energy like energies from sun, water, wind, and even from mechanical movement. Energy from these sources can be converted to electrical energy by means of windmills for wind energy, water turbines for hydro-energy, and solar panels for solar energy. These forms of renewable energy have a great contribution to power or energy consumption. One of the applications of electricity is the automation of different equipment which can have a large role in making life easy. Automation is the use of machines, control systems and information technologies to optimize productivity in the production of goods and delivery of services [1].Equipment becomes more efficient, more accurate

In this paper we propose a design using both a microprocessor and light sensors for automatic room light detection and control. Our design, the HLCM (Home Light Control Module) which will be installed in every light fixture of a family, is made up of four blocks: the pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor circuit, the light sensor circuit, the microprocessor and the RF module. By using the PIR sensor circuit, the HLCM detects if a human body enters the detection area or not. If there is no human body present, all controlled lights are turned off. If there is, the HLCM detects the light intensity under the environment and maintains sufficient light by controlling the number of lights. We have also integrated an RF module to transmit and receive the data from each HLCM so we can control different lights in different regions. The result of using the HLCM shows that the total power consumption can be reduced.

Water is a basic human need in all economic operations. Farmland, renewable energy, the industrial industry, and mining are all critical economic areas. Water supplies are under severe strain. With the population increase, the requirement for water from competing economic sectors is increased. So, there is not enough water left to meet human needs and maintain environmental flows that maintain the integrity of our ecosystems. Underground water is becoming depleted in
many sectors, making now and future generations near the point of being deprived of protection from the increasing climate variability. Therefore, the critical role that information technology methods and internet communication technologies (ICT) play in water resources managing to limit the excessive waste of fresh water and to control and monitor water pollution. In this paper, we have to review research that uses the internet of things (IoT) as a communication technology that
controls the preservation of the available amount of water and not wastes it by homeowners and farmers. In contrast, they use water, and we have also reviewed some researches that preserve water quality and reduce its pollution.

This paper presents the review of microcontroller and ultrasonic sonar based security system. Considering the high rate of crime and insecurity, there is an urgent need to design a security system that takes proper measure to prevent intrusion, unwanted and unauthorized user(s). Decoder, ultrasonic sonar, LCD and microcontroller as its main components to control the system. The result of these processes led to a security door which can be accessed by entering the corresponding keys of the assigned codes on the LCD screen or by entering the corresponding code. The system allows only that person who has a valid ID and at the same time unconscious the suspected person who is not having their ID proof. The designed system has been proven to be a reasonable advancement in access control and security system technology.

The report focuses on the design and demonstration of an anthropomorphic robotic arm with seven degrees of freedom using readily available low-cost components to perform different real time human hand applications. The robotic arm consists of a shoulder, elbow, wrist and a five-finger gripper. It can perform different gripping actions, such as lateral, spherical, cylindrical and tip-holding gripping actions; each finger has three movable links. The actuator used for the robotic arm is a high torque dc servo motor and the five-finger gripper consists of five cables placed like tendons in the human arm. Implementation is done using a human hand glove which senses the motion from sensor technology to produce a proportional analog voltage, digitized via the microcontroller Atmel ATmega32. The microcontroller then through the processed signal controls the mechanical structure that is the robotic arm.

In this work a review of existing fire-detector types has been carried out along with the development of a low cost, portable, and reliable microcontroller based automated fire alarm system for remotely alerting any fire incidents in household or industrial premises. The aim of the system designed is to alert the distant property-owner efficiently and quickly by sending short message (SMS) via GSM network. A Linear integrated temperature sensor detects temperature beyond preset value whereas semiconductor type sensor detects presence of smoke or gas from fire hazards. The sensor units are connected via common data line to ATMega8L AVR microcontroller. A SIM300CZ GSM kit based network module, capable of operating in standard GSM bands, has been used to send alert messages. The system is implemented on printed circuit board (PCB) and tested under different experimental conditions to evaluate its performances.

The circuit breaker plays the role of electrical switch which is operated automatically during electrical fault and overload. Due to poor communication between lineman and electric substation personnel, fatal accidents have been recorded overtime when operating on the circuit breakers. To this effect, this work is centered on the design of a passworded circuit breaker which can only be operated by authorized persons. The work was carried out by using an 8-bit microcontroller. The microcontroller is connected with a keypad which is used to enter the password and the password is stored in an Electrical Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM). The device was actuated as the password was rightly provided. Result obtained for the current limit test was satisfactory even with the little deviations due to expected fluctuations in the load current.

Advertisements have become today’s most direct marketing channel that provide information and discount offers about products to customers and allow marketers to reach a precise goal by creating campaigns. Making these Ads location-specific would not only render them more relevant but also personalized and targeted to specific audience. This paper presents a brief survey on Location-based Advertisements (LBA) with emphasis on their applications in Public Transportation Systems (Buses, Trains, Airplanes, etc.). Furthermore, this paper also proposes the design and implementation of a low-cost embedded system using Global Positioning System (GPS) which displays these Ads on real-time passenger information display system inside the vehicle. The objective of this review is to summarize and compare some of the well-known extensive research done in the field of LBA in order to make the existing technology even better.

There are several mundane and repetitive tasks in recent times that call for the development of effective and efficient robots that can be remotely controlled for safety, accuracy and flexibility. In the work reported here, a versatile and low cost "Pick and Place Robot" that can be remotely controlled is developed. The robot uses two Arduino microcontrollers connected in a master/slave configuration. The master controls the robotic arm while the slave controls the robotic base. The arm utilizes servomotors to provide motion in the required axis. The base consists of dc geared motors and tracked wheels for transporting the robotic arm with the griper. The result of this project is a miniature robot that provides pick and place functions that can be used in several applications by changing the program of controller. The structure is designed to lift light loads. The applications of this system include warehousing, performing tasks in factory lines and even it can be employed as a personal helper for people with disabilities