Mohammed Kpakiko

This paper examined the role of libraries in the abuse of social media for national security, with particular reference to Facebook, WhatsApp, blog, Ins tagram, Linkedin, and Twitter. It examined social media as a network of individuals or organizations with the regular entry of commentaries, posts, descriptions of events, or other materials such as graphics, audio, or videos. Social Media is an interactive network platform, allowing visitors to leave comments and send messages to each other through widgets. Social Media technologies are used for reference services in libraries by making its customers aware of new programmes and services; provision
of a common platform to all clienteles for posting their views and valuable
suggestions on the Library services; Provision of current awareness services; dissemination of news or resources of interest to the patrons, posting book reviews from researchers, staff, students and faculty members; communicating new arrivals (new acquisitions) to the customers; announcing library news and events and the like. Social media technologies are abused through account hacking, posting fake pictures, information cloning, lies as well as numerous activities of social network
predators. The paper concludes that social media helps users and service providers to understand their strengths and weaknesses, which libraries are no exception. Hey must provide every opportunity to their users to provide feedback, both positive and negative, through Facebook, Twitter, and Linkedln, and on blog posts.
Keywords: Libraries, National Security, Nigeria,Social Media, Social Media Abuse

This paper presents the impact of telecommunications on the economies of Nigerians, specifically; on job creation, reduction in the crime rate, time wastage and general income flow. The GSM is an emerging communication industry in Africa, with Nigeria rated as one of the fastest growing market in the field of communication. The major objectives of this study among others are to bring to lime light the relationship between telecommunications and Nigerian economy, expose various effects
telecommunications have on poverty reduction in Nigeria and to sensitize government functionaries especially policy makers on the economic benefits of telecommunications to Nigerians. The extent of exploiting the different opportunities telecommunications has provided in order to reduce poverty in Nigeria were discussed. It also, discussed briefly on the geographical, socio-cultural and ethno-Iinguistic backqround of Nigeria.
Thepaper further highlighted some of the positive effects of telecommunications towards improving the economy of Nigerians. !~is pertinent also, to note that there are also negative effects but such are outside the scope of this study. Suggestions were offered on the need to focus attention on divergent business opportunities the utilization of the GSM offered for the development of Nigerian economies.

The paper presents the importance of managing web resources as a
remedy to information resources development crises in libraries and information centresin Nigeria. Web resources management involves the process of acquiring, organizing, controlling and evaluating electronic information resources and its associated technologies for a successful running of libraries and information centres for maximum accessibility and usability to community of users. The study was based on the review of available literatures and those extracted from free online journals. The objectives of this paper are to advocate acquisition and use of web resources in the libraries and information centres as complementary to the
print resources, addressing the problem of dwindling budget allocation to libraries and information centres for the purpose of information resource development, to address also, the problems of out datedness and difficulty in locating information resources available in the libraries and information centres. Various web resources available for information resources development in libraries and information centres were identified. Different access methods such as multiple user identification, authentication, technology requirement and the significance of managing web resources were presented. Worl<able suggestions were offered for effective and efficient web resources management that would bring about maximum usability and cost effectiveness in information resource development in
libraries and information centres in Nigeria

Thestudy )omsconducted to identify the problems militating against utilization of information resources by users in special libraries and specifically in Standards Organisation of Nigeria Libraries. The objective is
to examine the extent of satisfaction derived from utilizing the library resources by users, to identify the problems militating against utilization of information resources by users and provide measures to overcome
these problems. Survey research methodology was adopted for the study. Descriptive statistic such as frequency tables and percentages were used to analyze the data collected from the questionnaire. The findings revealed that different types of information resources were provided by S o.N libraries and were accessible, but onlyfew users patronized the libraries and utilized the resources effectively. The information resources utilized byfew users were also adequate, effective and relevant. Some problems militating against utilization of information resources include lack of users' education programme, inadequate libraries in other SON state offices, poor conducive library environment, among others. Measures recommended to
overcome the challenges include establishing well equipped libraries in all SON state offices across the federation and creation of conducive library environment among others.
KEYWORDS: Information, Standards Organization of Nigeria, Resources Utilization, Special Libraries

This study investigated the Library Management Software Packages adopted by the university libraries for library operations and services, the criteria that influenced the selection of such software packages adopted and the challenges that hamper complete implementation of the software packages adopted. Survey was used as the research method, using the questionnaire as instrument which was randomly distributed among respondents in the three university libraries studied. Random sampling technique was used to sample 21 librarians, 9 from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 7from Bayero University, Kano and 5from Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. Findings revealed that Virtua and KOHA are the library management software packages that are available and being used by the university libraries studied. It was found out that functionality, staff training and support services, open sources feature and conformity to standard are the major criteria that influence the choice of the application software packages adopted for library operations and services. It was also discovered thatfunding, inadequate technical expertise, hardware breakdown and unstable electricity supply are the major factors that impedes successfit! implementation of Library Management Software Packages in the university libraries studied. It was concluded that university libraries studied are grossly underutilising some essential modules found on the library management software packages instaLled in their libraries such as cataloguing/classification, electronic reference services, electronic document delivery, online-information resource development which has made automation services frustrating. The paper recommended that there is need to apply specialised software that will accommodate all core library operations including inter library loan, reference services and serials management. Factors like functionality, interoperability, productive enhancement should influence the choice of library management software and that libraries should form consortium in order to check inadequacy of funds and emphasize on stajJ training and development.

This paper investigated the impact of social networking with particular
reference toface book and twitter on the academic performances of Usmanu Danfodiyo University students. It examined jive faculties namely: Social Sciences. Education, Law, Health and Sciences. The technology adoption theory of the media was used as the theoretical framework. Survey was also used as the research method, using the questionnaire as instrument which was accidentally distributed among respondents in thejive faculties. Convenience sampling technique was used to sample 150 students, 30 each from the five faculties under study. It was concluded that although respondents use face book and twitter frequently, which takes much of the time meant for their studies, it has a positive impact on their academics too. The paper recommends that more academic utility should be introduced into face boo and twitter to justify the time spent on friendship networking to more academic programmes, and that based on the positive impact facebook and twitter has on their academics, academic libraries and the university authorities should be encouraged to subscribe to this media, as this will enable them to share useful academic information with students within and outside the institution globally.

Implication: The paper suggested that the adoption of digital technologies in library environment enhances the proliferation of e-resources which have tremendously changed information needs of the users. The study therefore, encourages the library managers to make adequate provision for the training of library users through the provision of adequate ICT facilities for practical interactions. This have greater impact in persuading the library users in making maximum utilization of modern libraries and its resources to seek information as opposed to the traditional ways of physical searching. Originality/Value: It was recommended that electronic resources in the Libraries should be configured and customized in a more interactive and flexible modules to enable users with low computer selfefficacy have maximum use of them. Electronic Library Managers should embark on continuous education of e-library users on the significance of other e-resources such as e-maps and e-reports that are less utilized. Students should be engaged in periodic orientation on the need to acquire ICT skills so that they can be able to make maximum use of the available e-resources in the Library.

Covid-19 pandemic has truncated or even brought to halt socioeconomic and cultural activities around the world. The worst hit is the educational sector where all educational institutions were closed down for almost a year. Educational institutions around the world have therefore adopted the use of information and communication technology (ICT) at various levels ranging from communication, commerce and even human resource management. This paper explores the use of e-learning as a tool for social and collaborative teaching and learning in pandemic era. The paper adopted descriptive documentary review approach based on the information that advocates for technology adoption for teaching and learning where tools and technologies for creating e-learning platforms were discussed. The Unified Modelling Language (UML) techniques of Use Case and Activity diagrams were used. The models show the interactions based on email interactions, social media network, and learning management system (LMS) were identified and described as tools for social and collaborative teaching and learning models. The paper concluded that educational systems in Nigerian should learn from the experience of developed nations such as America, Britain, France, Germany etc on e-learning to ensure continuity and stability in education systems even in the face of unexpected such as pandemic. The paper recommends that e-learning platforms should be used at various levels of educational institutions in Nigeria, stakeholders in education sector should come up with a policy framework that will enforce the adoption of e-learning in addition to conventional teaching and learning models in Nigeria, library and information services should be digitalized with cutting edge digital infrastructure in order to partake in the information sharing networks amongst others.

Abstract 
The study investigated the awareness, perceptions and reactions on the Science Hub (Sci-Hub)
website use among the postgraduate students of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The
objectives of the study were to find out the postgraduate students’ level of awareness,
perceptions and contributions of Science Hub website use for research and to ascertain their
reactions and extent of satisfaction with it. The study adopted the survey research design. The
population for the study comprised of postgraduate students of the university. Four faculties
namely: Science, Health, Veterinary and Agriculture were purposively selected for the study.
This is due to the fact that about 98.5% of the information resources in Science Hub are science,
health and biomedical based. Simple random sampling was used to select one hundred and
twenty (120) PG students that is thirty (30) each from the faculties under study. The
questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed
descriptively using tables, frequency and simple percentage statistic tool. The study found out
that only few postgraduate students are aware of the existence of Science Hub website for
research, majority of the postgraduate students who are aware of the Si-Hub website are making
use of it because it provide free access to expensive online articles and books, majority of the
respondents who are aware of the Sci-Hub website make use of it after few hours and majority of
the respondents who are aware of the Sci-Hub website make use of it after few hours, among
others. The study concluded that Science Hub website renders significant information services
delivery to the users. Hence it provides free access to expensive online articles and books that
ordinarily would have been out of reach of many students and researchers. The study
recommended that based on the significance of this site to academia, the university library may
1
communicate its value as well as its copyright status quo to the students especially during
orientation programmes and the postgraduate students of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
should take advantage of free access offered by Science Hub website and utilize it in addition to
the proprietary databases provided by the university library, among others. 
Keywords: Awareness, Perceptions, Reactions, Science Hub, Postgraduate students, Usmanu
Danfodiyo University, Sokoto

The paper investigated the level of awareness and usage of available electronic information resources in Abdullahi Fodiyo Library Complex and its impact on the teaching and research performances of the academic staff members of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. It examined five faculties namely: Social Sciences, Sciences, Law, Health Sciences and Education. The objective of the paper is to find out the level of awareness on the existing e-resources in the library, e-resources frequently used, level of satisfaction and challenges encountered while using the e-resources. Adaptive structuration theory (AST) of the media was used as the theoretical perspective. Survey technique was used using the questionnaire as instrument which was randomly distributed among respondents in the five faculties. It was concluded that although respondents use e-resources frequently, which is characterised by a number of challenges such as network down time, slow download, and erratic power supply among other challenges. The paper recommended for an inclusion of a specialised online bibliographic database on the library portal, develop adequate awareness programmes to sensitize the academic staff on available e-resources and the existence of a library portal. The paper also suggested user training as well as regular revision of network infrastructure to meet the evergrowing user demand within and outside the institution.

This paper presents implications of social media integration into school library services to achieve national unity and security. The concept of social media, school library services, national unity and security were reviewed. It also presents the need to integrate social media into school libraries and identified how social media can be integrated into school libraries to achieve national unity and security. The paper concludes that integration of prominent social media platforms into school library services has the capacity to remodel students attitude and create paradigm shift in their perception on national cohesion, national integration and national security. It has been suggested that School libraries should seize this golden opportunity of large user statistics of social media platforms to promote their educational and current awareness services especially on nationalism through Facebook, WhatsApp, Blog and Twitter so as to promote national unity and security. School Librarians and the school management should take advantage of the attention given to Facebook, WhatsApp, Blog and Twitter by students and use the medium for mentorship between students and teachers instead of just relying on face to face counseling which in most cases do not enjoy patronage. Students should be encouraged to become members, as this will enable them to share useful academic, economic, political and social information among themselves from across the world. School Librarians and the school authorities are hereby encouraged to make social networking a character modeling and learning platform for the attainment of national unity and security.

The study advocated for the adoption of Information and Communication Technology in information services delivery in the libraries and information centres in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Light Weight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an application protocol for reading and editing directories over an Internet protocol network. Information services delivery on the hand involve all range of information work aimed at providing the needed service(s)to the customer(s) within and outside the library or information centre. Relevance literatures were reviewed on the concept of LDAP, understanding LDAP, how LDAP are organized, the need to apply LDAP to Nigerian tertiary institutions libraries and information centres were discussed. How LDAP can be applied to library and information centres for effective information services delivery was also looked at among which include Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI), Current Awareness Services (CAS) and catalogue directory of library col...

This chapter focuses on the issues around building and sustaining an institutional digital repository and its corresponding challenges to global visibility in Nigeria. The chapter argues that building and sustaining an institutional digital repository project requires the state-of-the-art technological infrastructure, skilled manpower, and strong financial backing including ICT skilled user community.

This paper is an empirical study that attempted to x-ray the digitisation projects in tertiary institution libraries in North-West Nigeria. Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (UDUS), Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi (WUFP) and Federal College of Education (Technical) Gusau (FCE (T)) were used as a case study. Purposive sampling technique was used to draw jive (5) sample staff from Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto because it has the highest number of staff for the exercise and three (3) staff each from Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi and Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau. Therefore, a total of eleven (11) staff were chosen as the sample for the study. The respondents composed of professional librarians and Management Information System (MIS) staff of the institutions under study. Eleven (11) structured questionnaires were distributed and all were returned and found useful for the study. The data collected were analyzed and discussed usin...

The paper is a conceptual research work which discusses the functions, characteristics, types, development stages, relevance and challenges of information system and design in libraries and information centres. It described information system and design in line with librarians’ perspective. The primary aim is to contribute to the existing knowledge on the conceptual framework in designing library and information systems for library and information work. The concepts discussed and the recommendations offered will be useful to the staff and stakeholders that are involved in the design and use of information systems in Nigerian libraries and information centres.

The paper is a conceptual research work which discusses the functions, characteristics, types, development stages, relevance and challenges of information system and design in libraries and information centres. It described information system and design in line with librarians’ perspective. The primary aim is to contribute to the existing knowledge on the conceptual framework in designing library and information systems for library and information work. The concepts discussed and the recommendations offered will be useful to the staff and stakeholders that are involved in the design and use of information systems in Nigerian libraries and information centres.

Lis from IGNOU, M. Lisc from NSOU. She has about 6 years professional experience in the field of librarianship. She has published a good number of papers in National and International journals, conference proceedings and edited book. She have motivational speaker, international poet, story writer, Literacy organizer, dancer, reciter, social worker, she is Secretary general of WCC India. Dr. Upasana Yadav, Librarian, Library Resource Center, Bharati Vidyapeeth's University, New Delhi is a dynamic and highly proficient library professional. She holds dual master's degree in Library Science from Kurukshetra University & MBA (Marketing) from MD University. She has more than 15 years' invaluable experience in the field of Library profession at various esteemed organizations. She has rich hands-on experience in issues of library profession. She has contributed research paper in journals of national and international repute and pursuing her passion on research. She has edited one book and written more than 20 research papers in her credit. She has been conferred from Mahatma Gandhi'

This chapter discusses issues on digitisation of information resources in libraries, archives and information centres. The goal of digitisation initiatives for libraries, archives and information centres as institutional asset was presented. It outlined the importance of records digitisation as to ensure a long-term preservation and continued access to the information resources. Factors that librarians, archivists and information scientists must bear in mind when examining records before embarking on a digitization exercise were also discussed. Enormous challenges prior to, during and after the conversion process were identified. The chapter concluded that to be aware of all these issues, the librarian, archivist and information scientist who is in-charge of digitisation project can do so with confidence and manage the project effectively. Libraries, archives and information centres are forging ahead in the setting up of the much needed infrastructure facility. The development of a library portal, installation of institutional repository software and harmonization of library management software into institution"s websites were suggested as steps in the right direction for successful implementation and sustainable digitization project.

Lis from IGNOU, M. Lisc from NSOU. She has about 6 years professional experience in the field of librarianship. She has published a good number of papers in National and International journals, conference proceedings and edited book. She have motivational speaker, international poet, story writer, Literacy organizer, dancer, reciter, social worker, she is Secretary general of WCC India. Dr. Upasana Yadav, Librarian, Library Resource Center, Bharati Vidyapeeth's University, New Delhi is a dynamic and highly proficient library professional. She holds dual master's degree in Library Science from Kurukshetra University & MBA (Marketing) from MD University. She has more than 15 years' invaluable experience in the field of Library profession at various esteemed organizations. She has rich hands-on experience in issues of library profession. She has contributed research paper in journals of national and international repute and pursuing her passion on research. She has edited one book and written more than 20 research papers in her credit. She has been conferred from Mahatma Gandhi'