P u b lis h e d b y th e N ig e r ia n L ib r a r y A s s o c ia tio n , G o m b e S ta te C h a p te r JEWEL JOURNAL OF LIBRARIANSHIPqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJ Published By The Nigerian Library Association, Gombe State Chapter VOL. 8, NO. I, 2015 IS S N : 2141 - 3908 G o m b e S ta te C h a p te r V o l. qponmlkjihgfedcbaZY 8 N o. J J e w e l J o u r n a l o f L ib r a r ia n s h ip A SURVEY OF LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE PACKAGES ADOPTED FOR LIBRARY OPERATIONS AND SERVICES IN THREE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN NORTH-WEST NIGERIA Mohammed M. Kpakiko Abdullahi Fodiyo Library Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto kpakmoh@yahoo.com, kpakiko.mohammed@udusok.edu.ng Hashimu Suleiman Waziri Junaidu Library Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto Murtala Aliyu Abdulrahaman Ghaji Library Adamawa State University, Mubi, murtala.aliyu77@gmail.com A b s tr a c t T h is s tu d y lib r a r ie s s o ftw a r e lib r a r y packages packages w h ic h 7fr o m a n d b e in g in flu e n c e and te c h n iq u e U n iv e r s ity , th e open c h o ic e o f th e L ib r a r y e le c tr ic ity M anagem ent u n iv e r s ity lib r a r ie s m anagem ent e le c tr o n ic s o ftw a r e w h ic h p r o d u c tiv e tr a in in g fo r m P ackages a r e g r o s s ly in th e u n iv e r s ity s e r v ic e s , e le c tr o n ic a u to m a tio n s o ftw a r e s e r v ic e s s h o u ld lib r a r ie s docum ent d e liv e r y , th a t w ill a c c o m m o d a te in flu e n c e in o r d e r m a n a g e m e n t. th e c h o ic e to c h e c k such o f lib r a r y o p e r a tio n s and breakdow n im p le m e n ta tio n of fo u n d th a t o n th e lib r a r y c a ta lo g u in g /c la s s ific a tio n , o n lin e a ll c o r e lib r a r y in a d e q u a c y th a t I t w a s c o n c lu d e d m o d u le s as c r ite r ia hardw are s u c c e s s fit! The paper F a c to r s s ta ff tr a in in g lib r a r y s tu d ie d . e s s e n tia l lib r a r ie s fo r F in d in g s th a t a r e a v a ila b le a r e th e m a jo r e x p e r tis e , s tu d ie d . U n iv e r s ity , S o k o to . packages o u t th a t fu n c tio n a lity , im p e d e s s e r v ic e s fr u s tr a tin g . a n d s e r ia ls c o n s o r tiu m in th e ir B e llo U n iv e r s ity , a d o p te d som e lib r a r ie s Ahm adu to s ta n d a r d th a t u n d e r u tilis in g in s ta L le d enhancem ent s h o u ld th e m a jo r fa c to r s a s in s tr u m e n t u n iv e r s ity s o ftw a r e te c h n ic a l of such th e q u e s tio n n a ir e D a n fo d iy o packages in a d e q u a te u n iv e r s ity o f th e s o ftw a r e 9 fr o m I t w a s fo u n d b y th e th e s e le c tio n im p le m e n ta tio n th r e e lib r a r ia n s , U sm anu s o ftw a r e packages n e e d to a p p ly s p e c ia lis e d 21 a n d c o n fo r m ity th a tfu n d in g , are u s in g in th e a d o p te d in flu e n c e d c o m p le te m anagem ent s tu d ie d . fe a tu r e a p p lic a tio n has m ade lo a n , r e fe r e n c e 5fr o m and th a t m e th o d , r e s p o n d e n ts lib r a r ie s S o ftw a r e r e fe r e n c e d e v e lo p m e n t lib r a r ie s K ano s u p p ly s tu d ie d th a t h a m p e r to s a m p le P ackages c r ite r ia a s th e r e s e a r c h used sources S o ftw a r e th e a r e th e lib r a r y I t w a s a ls o d is c o v e r e d u n s ta b le lib r a r y w as V ir tu a a n d K O H A s e r v ic e s , s e r v ic e s , am ong u s e d b y th e u n iv e r s ity and support s e r v ic e s . w as used d is tr ib u te d B ayero th a t M anagem ent and a n d th e c h a lle n g e s Survey r a n d o m ly s a m p lin g r e v e a le d th e L ib r a r y o p e r a tio n s a d o p te d a d o p te d . w as Random Z a r ia , in v e s tig a te d fo r - in fo r m a tio n recom m ended o p e r a tio n s lik e fu n c tio n a lity , m anagem ent o f fu n d s and resource th a t th e r e is in c lu d in g in te r in te r o p e r a b ility , s o ftw a r e e m p h a s iz e and th a t o n s ta jJ a n d d e v e lo p m e n t. K e y w o r d s : L ib r a r y L ib r a r ie s , M anagem ent N o r th S o ftw a r e P ackages, L ib r a r y O p e r a tio n s a n d S e r v ic e s , U n iv e r s ity W e s t N ig e r ia Introduction excellent academic knowledge and sound life skill. According to Iwe (2010), a Library is a research engine of the society, situated in the institutions of learning as well as in theONMLKJIH The Library, as a segment of the university community, is comprised ofstafT, information resources and learning avenues where students and teachers come together to pursue 29 J e w e l J o u r n a l o f L ib r a r ia n s lz ip C o m b e S ta te C h a p te r V o l. communities for learning, teaching, research and recreational purposes. The people in them are immensely talented, rigorously intelligent, indulging in activities above the daily pursuits of the ordinary people. This community is consisting of professors, doctorial scholars, men and women pursuing mastery over various specific subject fields, together with youths and teenagers undertaking the basic fundamentals of knowledge in diverse fields of learning. This same community, as a result of its broad focus in teaching, research and learning, create knowledge and vital information that are useful to humanity. Most importantly, the knowledge and information created by members of this community are compatible with the culture of the people. 8 N o .1 · example, Thomas (2012) defined library management software as computer programs that are written individually to operate specific, tailor made procedures and systems such as library housekeeping, words processing, database management, text retrieval, expert systems. Bierman (1980) emphasized that the use of computers and associated technologies to do exactly what has been done in the library with the justification of reduced cost or increased performance.ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA S ta te m e n t o fth e P r o b le m The application of Library Management Software in the operations and services of Nigerian university libraries has become inevitable because of their impact in the Meanwhile, Olmeda-Gomez, et al (2008) changing nature of library and information described Universities as generators of work world over. However, inappropriate scholarly knowledge, they pubJicise the choice of software due to lack of feasibility results of their research in both local and studi.es, poor implementation and inadequate international open articles, using the channels requisite staff skills to make optimal afforded by existing journals to share their utilization of software adopted are bane to findings as widely as possible with different successful Library automation in Nigerian communities and audiences. This information university Libraries. It is on this threshold that openly publicized to serve a community, this study is set to look at how the interplay of makes universities epistemic institutions and these different components affects library makes them a distinct community.ONMLKJIHGFEDCBA operation and services in Nigerian university libraries, The C oncept o f L ib r a r y M anagem ent S o ftw a r e O b je c tiv e s Library Management software is a sequence of instructions that tells the computer what to do, how to manipulate data and how to relate to users. An essential requirement of Library management software is that it should have capabilities to: a. Store and manipulate data b. Provide the user with capability to create a database c. Enable the user to input his or her information into the database created d. Edit data thereby allowing fer the immediate correction of entry errors or a correction at a later date. The research has the following objectives: I. To identify the types of Library Management Software adopted in Nigerian university libraries. 2. To examine the criteria that influenced the selection of software they have adopted. 3. To find out the challenges that are responsible for the poor implementation and utilization of the software adopted. M e th o d o lo g y The research design for this study is survey method. Polit and Hungler (2009) described survey as a method of gathering information from a number of individuals known as Library Management software has been defined by different scholars based on their background, experience-and orientation. For 30 Jew el Journal sample, in order to learn something about the larger population from which the sample is drawn. Professional and Para-Professional Librarians from the University Libraries under study form the population of this study. The sampling technique used was random sampling technique because of the belief that there is no reason for anyone that is part of the population to be different from the others with respect to the characteristics under investigation (Akuzuelo, 1993). 1. Management 8 N o. I Integrated Library Management software which include the following; Avanti, MicroLCS, KOHA, Gnuteca, Evergreen, OpenBibl'io, PhpMyLibrary, PhpMyBibli, Innovative Interfaces Millennium, CDS/ISIS, WINt:;IS, Software For Universities Library (SOUL), Alice for windows (AFW). LibInfo, MIDAS Library Management System (MIDAS LMS). Lil-sys; SENAYAN, ABCCD, BiblioteQ. Virtua (VTLS), Tin Lib, Millenium mi. Alexandrian, SLAM, Library Suit, G;W Library Management Sy s te rn (GLIBSMS), OpenBook,NewGenl ib . X-LIB among others. . ...~' 2. Digital Library Management System are no longer only the digital counter part of physical libraries (or physical museums. video achives, etc.) rather they are intricate networked systems capable of supporting communication and collaboration among different, worldwide distributed user communities. Examples of Digital Library Management System include proprietary such as IBM digital library, IBM Content Manager, Archival Ware, CONTENTdm, Digitool, VITAL etc and Open Source software packages like DSpace, Greenstone, Eprints, Fedora, Open Repository, CERN Document Server Software (CDS Ware) among others. Review Types of Library Packages G o m b e S ta le C h a p te r V o l. According to Cullen, R. & Chanwer, J. (2012), library application software packages can categorised into the following: The researchers distrbuted 'twenty one (21) questionnaires through the Heads of Unit; 9 were administered in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 7 went to Bayero University, Kano and 5 were administered in Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. All the questionnaires were completed, returned and found useful for the study. The data was collected from the twenty one (21) respondents chosen from the three university libraries under study. The data collected were descriptively analyzed using frequency tables and percentage statistic. Literature o f L ib r a r ia lls h ip Software Library Management software are computer based programmes that are used to perform library routine operations and services. Dhanavandan (2012) defined library management software as the application of' automatic and semi automatic data processing machines to perform functions such as acquisition, circulation, cataloguing, reference service and serial control. Cullen and Chanwer (2011) reported that there are generally two 3. Interlibrary loan /Electronic document categories of library application software: delivery software is another visible form Proprietary and Open source. Proprietary of resource sharing among libraries. The Software refers to any computer software that ILl,.. protocol (ISO 10160:1997) has' restrictions on the usage, modification, developed by the National Library of copying or distributing modi fied versions ofthe, Canada has sought to automate this software. Proprietary software may also be process. It has become an ISO standard. " called closed +source software. Open Source in 1997. Wide implementation of. thi,s~:'} Software (OSS) is computer software with its ,"~ protocol would reduce the gestatiorr' source code made available and licensed in period in the delivery of ILL request which the copyright holder provides the right considerably. Hosburgh and Okamoto to study, change and distribute the software to (20 I0) Iisted the examples of interl ibrary anyone and for any purpose.ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA , 31 .,'ON J e w e l J O llm a l o f L ib r a r ia lls h ip C o m b e S ta te C h a p te r V o l. 8 N o .1 Furthermore, Reed, (2013) stated that very few library software packages can meet all the requirements ofa particular library. That, each package has its own unique features and limitations. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the library automation software with varying facilities according .to the requirement. To determine the best software package to be chosen, it is important to analyze and identify the needs of the library and match them with the features and functions of the application software. loan or electronic document delivery software to include the fax machine, Ariel, Prospero, ILLiad's Odyssey, and RapidX among others. 4. Serial Management Software systems can be categorized into two main groups, viz., those that use inverted files and those that use database systems. Prasad (2007) outlined the following serial management system software to include CUFTS as an online serials knowledge base full-text journal collections which provide Libraries with a searchable serials database from their web site, Electronic Resource Management (ERM) offers essential electronic resource management services, allowing a library to maintain the information about its electronic collections, including licensing terms, renewal dates, contacts, etc. CUFTSERM can send a librarian renewal notification, reminding him of approaching deadlines. It also allows the following information to be added to facilitate serials management e.g costs, renewal dates, licensing terms, contacts and reports among others. Others include Generalized Online Documents, Ordering, and Texts (GO DOT), dbWIZ which allows federated search also known as meta search, broadcast search, parallel search. According to Randhawa (2013), while examining the software, the Librarian must have the following information about the software which might help them to select the right software for housekeeping operations as well as information retrieval: How it matches the library's requirements product quality, features and functions, staff training and support service, Operating system, hardware and software requirements functionality: What modules are available, value addition to existing functions, user interface: navigation, error alerts, intuitive, customization, design: flexibility, switching from one module to another, multifunction modules, does it enhance the productivity, conforming to standards: MARC, Z39.50, ISO-2709, etc. Scalability: single user-multi user network. Can it be used in client server LAN architecture or fully web browsing architecture, user-controlled customization, reports that help to take decisions, security levels migration of data or data transfer. 5.. Reference Management Software enables an author to build a library of references by entering the details of each reference in a structured format. Many of these packages are Subscription based softwares like EndNote ,EndNote Web, BibDesk, JabRef, ZoteroPapers, Mendeley, Bookends, Citavi, Qiqqa, RefWorks, ProCite, BibSonomy, BibTeX, Reference Manager, Morris Messenger and Ask a Librarian (ASKAL) among others.ONMLKJIHGFEDCBA F a c to r s R e s p o n s ib le I m p le m e n ta tio n and L ib r a r y M a n a g e m e n t fo r th e U tiliz a tio n Poor of th e S o ftw a r e There are many constraints to any kind of application software implementation and utilization in university libraries. Gbadamosi (2012) said that the implementation oflibrary automation has faced varied problems and challenges which may differ from institution to institution depending on the disposition of the institution to ICT application, funding and C r ite r ia I n flu e n c e d th e S e le c tio n of L ib r a r y M a n a g e m e n t S o ftw a r e P a c k a g e s technical expertise of the librarian anchoring the project. In the same vein, Ming (2000) highlighted some of the pressing challenges The success of automation depends on the and problems to be hardware breakdown, selection of appropriate software.ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 32 J e w e l J o u r n a l o f L ib r a r ia n s h ip C o m b e S ta te C h a p te r V o l. 8 N o .1 unreliable electricity supply, poor Internet connections, as well as a lack of adequate computer equipment, appropriate software, and even technological expertise (Arunachalam, 2003). software problems, unreliable power supply, inadequate funding, staff training deficiency and planned obsolescence of commercial software. Fabunmi (2006) has observed in his research Similarly, Durrant (2004) pointed out that that poor electricity supply is a major impediment to the operation and growth of lack of funding is another major problem information and communication technology experienced by developing country in Nigerian universities. He further stated that institutions in their effort to establish digital repositories. The state ofICT infrastructure in electricity supply is a major problem in academic and research institutions in developing countries like Nigeria. This developing countries like Nigeria is so low to problem has made the development of sustain the development of institutional projects like an institutional repository in repositories. Hence a viable digital repository Nigeria much difficult and expensive. While 27.4% of the respondents at the University of project will first require serious upgrading of the current state of ICT facilities in many Lagos 'strongly agree' that inadequate information and communication technology academic and research institutions in Nigeri. infrastructure is a problem to the development DataAnalysis and Discussion of institutional repository at the university, Details of the results and analysis of data ar.. 46.8% 'agree' to that proposition. Various presented in percentages using frequency other researches has also confirmed that many institutions in developing countries face anZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA distribution table. Table 1: Demographic Characteristics of Respondents Academic Staff Members Variables Classification Gender Male 16 76.2 Female 5 23.8 Total 21 100 Professional Librarians Para-Professional Librarians 14 7 66.6 33.3 Total Staff Category Qualification Work Experience Frequency Percentage 21 100 Masters & Above First Degree 10 8 47.6 38.1 Diploma Total Below 5Yrs -'" 14.3 5 - 10Yrs 10 Yrs & Above Total In table I above, the gender compositions of respondents were not proportionately distributed. It was clear that the male population is higher numbering (16:76.2%) against the females with (5:8.7%). This may be due to the fact that there are more male Librarians than female Librarians working in the university libraries in North-West Nigeria. 21 100 6 28.5 8 38.1 7 33.3 21 100 (%) It was also discovered in this research that Professional Librarians formed the highest subject for this study with (14:66.6%) while Para-Professional Librarians had (7:33.3%). Findings revealed that Professional Librarians are more conversant with Library Management Software Packages than the Para-Professional Librarians. 33 J e w e l J a l/m a l a f U h r a r ia lls h ip G a ll/h e S ta te C h a p te r V a l. 8 N o. "1 Table 1 further revealed that university (8:38.1 %) are first degree holders and libraries in the North-West have competent (3: 14.3%) has diploma. It was discovered that number of staff that are managing library again that these category of staff has good application software packages. This was working experience. Findings revealed that confirmed by table 1 which showed that (6:28.5%) has less than 5 years working among the 21 staff sampled for the study, experience, (8:38.1 %) has 5 to 10 years (10:47.6%) has Masters degree and above,ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA experience and (7:33.3%) has over 10 years working experience in the Library. Table 2: Responses on the Types of Library anagement Software Packages Adopted for Library Operations and Services Integrated Application Software Packages Lj b r'ar'y Management University '.- Libraries BUK ABU X -LIB Software UDU 0/_ 0 /0 FONMLKJIHGFEDCBA F 'u F Total ~/o ·F ~/(j TlN- LI~ X X X X X X X X ALICE FOR WINDOWS (AFW) GLASS LIBERTY CDS/ISIS VIRTUA (VTLS) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 42.8 7 33.4 X X X X X X X X X 9 X X X X X KOHA SLAM X X X X X X X X X X X X 5 23.8 16 5 76.2 23.8 EVERGREEN MILLENIUM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X CDS Ware X X X X X X X X Digital Library DSPACE Enrints Fedora Greenstone IBM digital Library Archival Ware Management 9 42.8 software 7 33.4 5 23.8 21 100 23.8 5 23.8 CONTENTdm KEY ABU BUK UDU Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Bayer University, Kano Usmau Danfodiyo University, Sokoto In Table 2 above, the data collected from respondents indicated that Ahmadu Bello University and Bayero University, Kano adopted Virtua (VTLS) and therefore accounted for (16:76.2%). The reason for this highest number of respondents received is due to the fact that Virtua is open software that does not require any financial implication to acquire it, it consist of various modules that·is required for almost all library operations and services. This is in consonant with Cullen and Chanwer (2012) where they remarked that adoption of library application software should be based on its interoperability, flexibility, viability and ease of use. Similarly, KOHA has (5:23.8%) of the respondents. The reason for the choice of this software is because of its design architecture which satisfies the requirement needed by the institution, staff skills and easy integration with other repository software such as Dspace or Eprints. Findings revealed that it shares similar features and characteristics with any other open software and can be concurrently run with others for resource sharing. Table 1 also revealed that none of the University Libraries studied used Tin lib, X-Lib, CDS/ISIS, Glass, Liberty, Alice for Windows, Libsy, E-lib, Strategic Library Automation & Management, Millenium and EverGreen. Again, the data collected from respondents indicated that digitization is going on in the 34 J e w e l J O llr n a l o f L ib r a r ia lls lz ip C o m b e S ta te C h a p te r V o l. university libraries under study. The three universities; ABU, BUK, UDU adopted Dspace digital asset management software for their institutional repository and therefore accounted for (21: 100%). This is because Dspacc is open software, interoperable with the ability to migrate the data to new formats as old ones become obsolete and ability to index documents for easy searching, retrieving and archiving. Usmanu Danfodiyo University also adopted Greenstone as backend digital management software and has (5:23.8%) of the respondents. The reason for 8 N o .1 the choice of this software is because of its design architecture which satisfies the requirement needed by the institution. Findings revealed that each institution reserves the liberty to choose its own software vendor based on the design analysis, available staff skills, experience, scope and goals of its digitisation project. The researchers discovered none of the universities studied is specifically making use of Interlibrary Loan/Electronic Document Delivery Software, Serials Management Software and Reference Management Software because of lack of funds and inadequate ski lIs. Table 3: Responses on the Criteria Used in the Selection of Library Management Software Packages University Criteria for Selection ABU F 9 Libraries BUK F 7 7 7 4 5 5 4 3 2 2 X % Functionality Staff training and support services Open source Conforming to standards Flexibility Operation modules Design architecture Productivity enhancement 42.8 9 9 7 5 5 3 ..,.) 42.8 User Interface Error alerts Operating system 3 2 2 14.2 9.5 9.5 42.8 33.3 23.8 23.8 14.2 14.2 Total UDU % 33.4 33.4 33.4 19.4 23.8 23.8 19.4 14.2 9.5 9.5 X F 5 5 5 4 5 5 ..,.) % 23.8 2 23.8 23.8 19.4 23.8 23.8 14.2 9.5 2 2 X 9.5 9.5 X F 21 21 21 15 15 15 10 8 7 6 2 % 100 100 100 71.4 71.4 71.4 47.8 37.9 ..,.., .., .).) ..) 28.6 9.5 KEY ABU = Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria BUK = Bayero University, Kano UDU = Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto Table 3 above showed that functionality of the this could be attributed to the fact that successful performance of such software library application software, staff training and support services and open source feature depends largely upon the available service scored the highest with (21: 100%) responses. modules, the resources it contains and the The researcher found out that apart from being ability of the software to interoperate with other repositories within the institution and free, it also allows user to modify some outside the institution. This is line with Reed, features to meet their needs. Other criteria (201.3) which stated that very few library with high number of responses included software packages can meet all the conforming to standard, flexibility and requirements of a particular library since each operation module with (15:71.4%). Design package has its own unique features and architecture scored (10:47.8%) and operating limitations. system recorded the least number of responses with (2:9.5%). The implication ofZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 35 J e w e l J o u r n a l o f L ih r a r ia n s h ip T a b le 4 : R e s p o n s e s o n F a c to r s R e s p o n s ib le a n d U tiliz a tio n fo r th e P o o r I m p le m e n ta tio n o f th e L ib r a r y M a n a g e m e n t Universitv ABU C h a lle n g e s G O II/b e S ta te C h a p te r V o l. qponmlkjihgfe 8 N o .1 ONMLK BUK S o ftw a r e L ib r a r ie s UDU T o ta l F 0/0 F 0/0 F % F 0/0 9 42.8 7 33.4 5 23.8 21 lOa 9 9 7 5 42.8 42.8 33.4 33.4 19.4 :-:3.8 5 5 2 5 23.8 23.8 9.5 23.8 21 21 13 15 lOa 23.8 7 7 4 5 100 62.2 71.4 Poor Internet connectivity 5 23.8 5 23.8 5 23.8 15 71.4 Design architecture J "' 14.2 4 19.4 3 14.2 10 47.8 Funding -Technical expert-i-se Software obsolescence Electricity Hardware breakdown "'"' "' JJ.J .,' KEY: ABU = Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria BUK = Bayero University, Kano UDU = Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto Table 4 above indicated that university libraries under study encountered many challenges in the use of Library Application Software Packages. Respondents indicated there is problem of inadequate funding to maintain and sustain application software packages, inadequate technical know-how, software obsolescence as new ones emerge had highest number of responses with (21: 100%). Respondents also pointed out that. erratic power supply hinders the smooth running of library operations and had (13:62.2%). This agreed with Fabunmi (2006) who argued in his research that poor electricity supply is a major impediment to the operation and growth of information and communication technology in Nigerian university libraries. Design architecture of Library Application Software had the least number of responses with (10:47.8%). The implication of this is that many respondents do not have sufficient knowledge about the design framework of these software packages they are making use of. major criteria that influence the choice of the application software packages adopted for lihrary operations and services. I t was also d i "covered that funding (2: 100%), inadequate technical expertise (21: 100%), hardware breakdown (21: 100%) and unstable electricity supply (13:62.2%) are the major factors that impedes successful implementation of Library Application Software Packages in the university libraries studied, C o n c I u s io n lR e c o m m e n d a tio n s With respect to the above discussions, the researcher presents adoption of Library Management Software Packages for Library operations and services to mean a technical job that demand a highly trained library and information science personnel who can skilfully apply his/her experiences in training to efficient automated library operations and services. The researcher offered the following recommendations based on the research findings: R e s e a r c h F in d in g s I. It was discovered that among numerous Integrated Library Management Software that exists, Virtua (16:76.2%) and KOHA (5:23.8%) are the ones that are available and being used by the university libraries studied. The study revealed that functionality (21: 100%), staff training and support services (21 :100%), open sources feature (21: I 00%) and conformity to standard (15:71.4%) are the 36 There is the need to apply other software packages likeInter library loan software, Serial Management software, Reference Management Software; Digital Management software as far as information delivery is concerned. This is necessary in order to ensure that library professionals are exposed to diverse application software which will give them added advantage to work in various library and information centers. J e w e l J o u r n a l o f L ih r a r ia lls h ip 11. There is the need to consider other criteria like user interface, productivity enhancement, error alerts, and operating system among others when selecting software for adoption. This will help significantly in checking the rush for application that will be used for a short time only to be abandoned for another one. G o m b e S ta te C h a p te r V o l. 8 N o .1 Durrant, S. (2004). Overview ofInitiatives in the Developing World. Retrieved on 2 2 1 01 1 2 0 1 4 from http://drwin.nap.edu.lbooks/0309009 1454/htmlll22.htm I Dhanavandan, S. (2012). An Evaluative Study of Automation Software Application and Database Management Systems in Academic Libraries. Journal of E m e r g in g I n fo r m a tio n tr e n d s I n C o m p u tin g S c ie n c e s , vol.3 and No.5, 677-679. iii. Concerted and deliberate effort should Fabunmi, B. A., Fabunmi, M. ~nd Paris, W. be made to seek for grants and (200.6). Digitisation of library donors as well as forming a resources: Challenges and consortium in order to bring to Implications for Policy and Planning. minimal the inadequate funding I n te r n a tio n a l J o u r n a l o f A fr ic a n & and poor Internet connectivity. A fr ic a n A m e r ic a n S tu d ie s , 5(2), 23High power inverters should be 36. . acquired to support the expensive Gbadamosi, B.O. (2012). Emerging challenges to effective library running of standby power automation and E- library: generating plants to subdue the The case of Emmanuel Alayande College of issue of inadequate power supply. Education, Oyo, Nigeria. L ib r a r y Emphasis should be placed on p h ilo s o p h y A n d p r a c tic e . E - jo u r n a l. stafftraining and developments of vo19No.29 librarians to enable them acquire Hosbourgh, N. & Okamoto, K. (2010) skills from other libraries that Electronic Document Delivery: A have already advanced in the area survey of the landscape Horizon. oflibrary automation.ONMLKJIHGFEDCBA J o u r n a l o f in te r lib r a r y lo a n , D o c d e liv e r y a n d e le c tr o n ic . Vol. 20, issue 4 Retrieved R e fe r e n c e s 22/10/13 from on E. O. (1993).ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA R e s e a r c h M e th o d s httpllwww.informawerld.com/smpp/ a n d S ta tis tic s . Nigeria: Nuel Centi. content-db=all? Content Arunachalam, S. (2003). Reaching the 10.1 0801072303x.20 10.502096 on . unreached: what role can ICTs play in 22. rural development? Paper Presented at Ming, S. (2000). A ccess to D ig ita l the Asian Regional Conference of UN I n fo r m a tio n : S o m e B r e a k th r o u g h a n d ICT Task Force - Media Lab Asia, O b s ta c le s , J o u r n a l o f L ib r a r ia n s h ip New Delhi, 25 April. a n d I n fo r m a tio n S c ie n c e ; 3 2 ( 1 ) . Oonnell, R., and Janke, K. (2006). Polit and Hungler (2009). B a s ic R e s e a r c h Turnaround time between ILLiad's M e th o d s fo r L ib r a r ia n s t r e d .) . odyssey and ariel delivery methods. Greenwich, Conn: Ablex Publishing Akuezuilo, Journal of I n te r lib r a r y Loan, D ocum ent Corp. Randhawa S. (2013). Open Source Library Management Software Centre for Research in Rural Industrial Development. E lib r a r y R esearch & E le c tr o n ic R e s e r v e , 1 6 ( 3 ) , 41-56. doi: 10. 1300lJ474v16n03 _07 .. 1. (2011). The Cullen, R. & Chanwer, Institutional Repository Oxford: Chandos. Retrieved from http://www.articleI9.org/pdfs/public ationsllocal-content-rules.pdf. on D e liv e r y J o u r n a l. V o l. 1.is s u e 7 ,p p .1 - 7 . Reed, 1. (2013). Jira and Read Scale: Two Tools Libraries Can Use to Enhance Reporting of Reference Transactions. Masters thesis. North Carolina.pp.I-5. 02110114. 37