- +20 1286 186 162
Tarek M Muhammad
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Arts, Faculty Member
- Byzantine History, Byzantine-Islamic Relations, Interactions between Byzantium and islamic World, Byzantine Egypt (7-8 Centuries), Medieval Russian History, Byzantine Army, and 39 morePolemical History of Byzantium, History of Arts, Byzantine Studies, Naval History, Byzantium, Mamluk Studies, Byzantine Diplomatics (Imperial and Patriarchal Chancellery), Mamluk History, Ancient and medieval arms and armour, Arabs, Medieval Egypt, Polemical Literature, Byzantium and Islam, Medieval Naval History, Byzantium and Arabs, Trade In the Red Sea, Medieval Arabia, Clysma, Orthodox Church and Islam, Byzantium and Muslims, International Relations, Archaeology, Medieval History, John Haldon Byzantium at war transl. by Fathy Abdulaziz (arabic ), Coptic Studies, Byzantine Egypt, Late Antiquity, Early Medieval History, Greek Magical Papyri, Greek Papyrology, Constantinople, Medieval Warfare, Early medieval Bulgaria, Byzantine Numismatics, Eastern Christianity, Graeco-Roman Egypt, Byzantine Paleography and codicology, Apocalypticism, and Coptic Monasteriesedit
- Professor Dr. of Byzantine History
Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Chairman of Journal of Medieval and Islamic History (JMIH).edit
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Información del artículo The Byzantine Theologians on Muhammad and Zaynab b. Jahsh: marriage or Adultery?
Research Interests:
espanolEl autor de Digenes Akrites senala al cristianismo del momento como la religion superior y presenta tres modelos de conversiones del islam al cristianismo. Este polemico texto, que se encuentra en Digenes Akrites, es muy... more
espanolEl autor de Digenes Akrites senala al cristianismo del momento como la religion superior y presenta tres modelos de conversiones del islam al cristianismo. Este polemico texto, que se encuentra en Digenes Akrites, es muy interesante, pues se situa entre el pensamiento tradicional bizantino de corte polemista y el sentido literario. Este articulo se ocupa de esos casos de conversiones del islam al cristianismo, tal como fueron vistos por el autor de Digenes Akrites, con el proposito de indagar sobre lo que el autor de la obra conocia del islam. EnglishThe author of Digenes Akrites aimed to present Christianity as the superior religion and he presented three patterns of conversions from Islam to it. This polemical piece, which is found in Digenes Akrites, is very interesting, since it moves between the Byzantine polemical traditional thought and the literary sense. The present paper deals with those cases of conversions from Islam to Christianity as viewed by the author of Dige...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Información del artículo The Byzantine Theologians on Muhammad and Zaynab b. Jahsh: marriage or Adultery?
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
إلمام العرب المسلمين بالرومية في العصر البيزنطي الأوسط، يتناول الرد على تساؤل: إلى أي مدى ألم المسلمين بلغة أعدائهم طول عصر ذروة الصراع بينهم وبين البيزنطيين. وسنجد من خلال الدراسة أنه برغم الفقر المعرفي لدى العرب باليونانية فهناك كثير... more
إلمام العرب المسلمين بالرومية في العصر البيزنطي الأوسط، يتناول الرد على تساؤل: إلى أي مدى ألم المسلمين بلغة أعدائهم طول عصر ذروة الصراع بينهم وبين البيزنطيين. وسنجد من خلال الدراسة أنه برغم الفقر المعرفي لدى العرب باليونانية فهناك كثير من الخلفاء المسلمين ولدوا لأمهات بيزنطيات ويعرفوا اليونانية جيدا.
Research Interests:
البيزنطيون وترجمة القرآن إلى اليونانية في القرن التاسع الميلادي: الجزء الثلاثون أنموذجا. وتعنى هذه الدراسة بتحليل أول ترجمة للقرآن الكريم من العربية إلى اليونانية كاملة والمنسوبة إلى نيقتاس البيزنطي من القرن التاسع الميلادي. وقد قمنا بعمل... more
البيزنطيون وترجمة القرآن إلى اليونانية في القرن التاسع الميلادي: الجزء الثلاثون أنموذجا. وتعنى هذه الدراسة بتحليل أول ترجمة للقرآن الكريم من العربية إلى اليونانية كاملة والمنسوبة إلى نيقتاس البيزنطي من القرن التاسع الميلادي. وقد قمنا بعمل دراسة مقارنة بين ما وصل إلينا من نصوص مترجمة للجزء الثلاثين من القرآن الكريم مع نصوص التفاسير التي وضعت للقرآن الكريم بالعربية لبيان مدى دقة تلك الترجمة الباكرة وحجم الأغلاك بها مما أدى إلى مزيد من سوء فهم الكنيسة البيزنطية للإسلام.
Research Interests:
Muslims and Christians against Terrorism, Cairo, January 2018. ed. by Tarek M. Muhammad
Research Interests:
Abstracts Book of The 7th International Conference of Ain Shams University: Internationalization and Mobilization, 2-5 April 2018.
Research Interests:
The 7th International Conference of Ain Shams University, Internationalization and Mobilization. It contains the program of the Sector of Humanities, Social and Educational Sciences. Panelist and Coordinator is Tarek M. Muhammad
Research Interests:
The rationale for this paper stems from a pressing need to clarify the intellectual makeup of al-Ghazālī's (Algazel) political advice to the rulers and state men. The Greek and Persian influences on the thought of the renowned Medieval... more
The rationale for this paper stems from a pressing need to clarify the
intellectual makeup of al-Ghazālī's (Algazel) political advice to the rulers
and state men. The Greek and Persian influences on the thought of the
renowned Medieval Muslim theologians were clear. It is thus hoped that
the conclusions reached here will lead to further investigations of
possible traces of Greek and Persian ideas on political ideas of Abū
Hāmid al-Ghazālī, i.e. on his advice to the rulers and their ministries.
The status of Abū Hāmid al-Ghazālī as a distinguished Muslim
theologian in the Middle Ages is unquestionable. His life and work, both
religious and literary, show singular dedication to Islamic and
philosophical subjects. His political treatise Al-Tibr al-Masbūk fī Naṣīḥat
al-Mulūk wa-l-Wuzarā’ wa-l-Wulāh, however, points to the unmistakably
strong presence of Persian and Greek influences. This political work is
living proof that Greek and Persian culture flourished in the Islamic east
well into the eleventh century where works by Socrates, Hippocrates,
Plato, Aristotle,1 Euclid, Galen, and others and the wise speeches of the
Persian kings and ministries were common knowledge to many of the
Muslim scholars of the Eastern Islamic lands.
The influence of Greek and Persian classical authors on the thought
of al-Ghazālī is a valuable issue. The majority of Muslim theologians
derived their thought from the Islamic sciences, such as the holy Qur’ān,
the Prophet's traditions, fiqh (canon law), tafsīr (theology and Quranic exegesis respectively), Arabic language, Arabic poetry, and others. On
the other hand, the existence of classical culture in the Islamic society
during the Middle Ages is evidence of the civilizational exchange
between Greece, Persia and the Islamic world. Of course, it is a well known fact to the historians, now as then, that Syriacs and Byzantines
served as cultural mediators between the Greek and Islamic worlds.
intellectual makeup of al-Ghazālī's (Algazel) political advice to the rulers
and state men. The Greek and Persian influences on the thought of the
renowned Medieval Muslim theologians were clear. It is thus hoped that
the conclusions reached here will lead to further investigations of
possible traces of Greek and Persian ideas on political ideas of Abū
Hāmid al-Ghazālī, i.e. on his advice to the rulers and their ministries.
The status of Abū Hāmid al-Ghazālī as a distinguished Muslim
theologian in the Middle Ages is unquestionable. His life and work, both
religious and literary, show singular dedication to Islamic and
philosophical subjects. His political treatise Al-Tibr al-Masbūk fī Naṣīḥat
al-Mulūk wa-l-Wuzarā’ wa-l-Wulāh, however, points to the unmistakably
strong presence of Persian and Greek influences. This political work is
living proof that Greek and Persian culture flourished in the Islamic east
well into the eleventh century where works by Socrates, Hippocrates,
Plato, Aristotle,1 Euclid, Galen, and others and the wise speeches of the
Persian kings and ministries were common knowledge to many of the
Muslim scholars of the Eastern Islamic lands.
The influence of Greek and Persian classical authors on the thought
of al-Ghazālī is a valuable issue. The majority of Muslim theologians
derived their thought from the Islamic sciences, such as the holy Qur’ān,
the Prophet's traditions, fiqh (canon law), tafsīr (theology and Quranic exegesis respectively), Arabic language, Arabic poetry, and others. On
the other hand, the existence of classical culture in the Islamic society
during the Middle Ages is evidence of the civilizational exchange
between Greece, Persia and the Islamic world. Of course, it is a well known fact to the historians, now as then, that Syriacs and Byzantines
served as cultural mediators between the Greek and Islamic worlds.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Ain Shams University, 5-7 May 2015, Cairo, Egypt.
Research Interests:
It will be held by Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams university, Cairo, Egypt 5-7 May 2015. For more details please see the file.
المؤتمر الدولي الثاني لتاريخ مصر في العصر المسيحي 284-641م، جامعة عين شمس 5-7 مايو 2015
المؤتمر الدولي الثاني لتاريخ مصر في العصر المسيحي 284-641م، جامعة عين شمس 5-7 مايو 2015
Research Interests:
More than 150 speakers
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Al-Fākihī and the Religious Life at Pre-Islamic Makkah Abstract The translation of kitāb al-Aṣnām of Ibn al-Kalbī from Arabic into German and English stimulated the Orientalists to trace the other texts which were related to the... more
Al-Fākihī and the Religious Life at Pre-Islamic Makkah
Abstract
The translation of kitāb al-Aṣnām of Ibn al-Kalbī from Arabic into German and English stimulated the Orientalists to trace the other texts which were related to the religious life of Pre-Islamic Arabia. But, when ‘Abd al-Malik Ibn Dheish published the first edition of al-Fākihī's (b. ca. 210-220 /d. 272-279 H.) book Akhbār Makka in five volumes, it received no considerable attention such as that of Ibn al-Kalbī or al-Azraqī because there is no translation in one of the European languages.
The importance of al-Fākihī's book lies in:
- The author is the second early historian of Makka after al-Azraqī.
- He depends on his teachers (shuyūkhuhu), witnesses of his time, the aged narrators of Makka, and the monuments, too.
- He describes extensively Pre- and Post-Islamic Makka, its mosques, holy places, the sanctuary (al-Baytu al-Ḥarām), rituals of the pilgrimage before and after Islam, and other subjects more than those of al-Azraqī.
- He mentions many events and narrations which are ignored by al-Azraqī.
- He uses a various collection of the books of al-fiqh, the correct traditions of the Prophet, the Qur’ān, and many lost sources which dealt with many subjects of the history and culture of Makka.
- He was a witness of many events of his time.
- He is interested in supporting his text with poetic and literary evidence.
- Many Muslim historians depended on al-Fākihī's book as one of their early sources.
Al-Fākihī's vision of the Pre-Islamic religion at Makka and its characteristics is the goal of this study, especially he was one of the early historians of Makka..
Key Words: Pre-Islamic Makkah, Idols of the Arabs, Ancient Makkah, Religion of the Arabs, Black Stone.
Abstract
The translation of kitāb al-Aṣnām of Ibn al-Kalbī from Arabic into German and English stimulated the Orientalists to trace the other texts which were related to the religious life of Pre-Islamic Arabia. But, when ‘Abd al-Malik Ibn Dheish published the first edition of al-Fākihī's (b. ca. 210-220 /d. 272-279 H.) book Akhbār Makka in five volumes, it received no considerable attention such as that of Ibn al-Kalbī or al-Azraqī because there is no translation in one of the European languages.
The importance of al-Fākihī's book lies in:
- The author is the second early historian of Makka after al-Azraqī.
- He depends on his teachers (shuyūkhuhu), witnesses of his time, the aged narrators of Makka, and the monuments, too.
- He describes extensively Pre- and Post-Islamic Makka, its mosques, holy places, the sanctuary (al-Baytu al-Ḥarām), rituals of the pilgrimage before and after Islam, and other subjects more than those of al-Azraqī.
- He mentions many events and narrations which are ignored by al-Azraqī.
- He uses a various collection of the books of al-fiqh, the correct traditions of the Prophet, the Qur’ān, and many lost sources which dealt with many subjects of the history and culture of Makka.
- He was a witness of many events of his time.
- He is interested in supporting his text with poetic and literary evidence.
- Many Muslim historians depended on al-Fākihī's book as one of their early sources.
Al-Fākihī's vision of the Pre-Islamic religion at Makka and its characteristics is the goal of this study, especially he was one of the early historians of Makka..
Key Words: Pre-Islamic Makkah, Idols of the Arabs, Ancient Makkah, Religion of the Arabs, Black Stone.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The purpose of this article is not to study the Muslim military organizations or their strategy during their battles against the Byzantines, which were studied by many scholars, but the main aim here is to answer the question: Had the... more
The purpose of this article is not to study the Muslim military organizations or their strategy during their battles against the Byzantines, which were studied by many scholars, but the main aim here is to answer the question: Had the Arabs military skills or tactics during their early conquests of Syria and Palestine, i.e. Bilād al-Shām, which are unclear in the primary sources?
This will lead to another questionable point: Were their wars against the Byzantines primitive in their style? And if they were so how did they overcome the armies of Heraclius in Bilād al-Shām?
This will lead to another questionable point: Were their wars against the Byzantines primitive in their style? And if they were so how did they overcome the armies of Heraclius in Bilād al-Shām?
Research Interests:
Información del artículo The Byzantine Theologians on Muhammad and Zaynab b. Jahsh: marriage or Adultery?
Research Interests:
Información del artículo Ibn Mangli and Naval Warfare: The Question of Greek Fire Between tue Musims and Byzantines.
Research Interests:
... Journal of Coptic Studies Volume 10 2008. 1 - 32 -, The Role of the Copts in the Islamic Navigation in the 7th and 8th Centuries The Papyrological Evidence MUHAMMAD, Tarek M ...
Research Interests: Coptic Studies and Coptic
In Parastaseis Syntomoi Chronikai there are valuable details about the sculptures of Constantinople in the early eighth century. In comparison with the other sources, we find many indications that lead to complete the image about many... more
In Parastaseis Syntomoi Chronikai there are valuable details about the sculptures of Constantinople in the early eighth century. In comparison with the other sources, we find many indications that lead to complete the image about many sculptures in Constantinople.
Theophanes says that when Constantine the Great (324-337 A.D.) ordered to build his new city, Nova Roma, he decorated the city and brought to it works of art and statues of bronze and marble from every province of his empire. It means that decorated Constantinople to look like Rome.
Ibn Faqīh al-Hamadhānī, 903 A.D., states that the sculptors of Constantinople were very clever in the art of sculpture. The Byzantine sculptor could make the statue on many shapes, such as a laughing or tearful, ugly or beautiful, youthful, old, or very old man, smiling or sad. Al-Idrīsī, 1164 A.D., and Robert of Clari observed it.
To answer the following question "Can Par. Syn. Chron. be considered a real guide to the sculptures of Constantinople during the Isaurian period?", we have to examine carefully the indications of Par. Syn. Chron. to the extant or lost statues of Constantinople during that time. According to this source, I suppose that there are three categories of the statues of Constantinople:
-The lost statues.
-The existing statues, either public or imperial, which Par. Syn. Chron. says clearly that they survived.
-The statues which Par. Syn. Chron. mentions its description without any references to its existence.
Therefore, this paper examines the account of Par. Syn. Chron. and traces the indications of the other sources, to draw an accurate image about the statues of Constantinople under the Isaurians.
Theophanes says that when Constantine the Great (324-337 A.D.) ordered to build his new city, Nova Roma, he decorated the city and brought to it works of art and statues of bronze and marble from every province of his empire. It means that decorated Constantinople to look like Rome.
Ibn Faqīh al-Hamadhānī, 903 A.D., states that the sculptors of Constantinople were very clever in the art of sculpture. The Byzantine sculptor could make the statue on many shapes, such as a laughing or tearful, ugly or beautiful, youthful, old, or very old man, smiling or sad. Al-Idrīsī, 1164 A.D., and Robert of Clari observed it.
To answer the following question "Can Par. Syn. Chron. be considered a real guide to the sculptures of Constantinople during the Isaurian period?", we have to examine carefully the indications of Par. Syn. Chron. to the extant or lost statues of Constantinople during that time. According to this source, I suppose that there are three categories of the statues of Constantinople:
-The lost statues.
-The existing statues, either public or imperial, which Par. Syn. Chron. says clearly that they survived.
-The statues which Par. Syn. Chron. mentions its description without any references to its existence.
Therefore, this paper examines the account of Par. Syn. Chron. and traces the indications of the other sources, to draw an accurate image about the statues of Constantinople under the Isaurians.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
In 2014, Ain Shams University organized the First International conference on Christian Egypt 284-641 AD., which was about "Thought and Culture in Christian Egypt"; and in 2015, it organized the Second International Conference on... more
In 2014, Ain Shams University organized the First International conference on Christian Egypt 284-641 AD., which was about "Thought and Culture in Christian Egypt"; and in 2015, it organized the Second International Conference on Christian Egypt 284-641 AD., which was about "Historical, Ecclesiastical, Documentary, and Archaeological Evidence". The proceedings of these two conferences will be published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing, UK, in 2017.
In 2016, Ain Shams University decided to hold the Third International Conference in 2017, which will be about “Pluralism and Peaceful Coexistence in Egypt: 1st -12th Centuries". It will focus on the characteristics of Egypt and its civilization from the Coptic until the Ayyubid periods. On the other hand, the conference will deal with the foreign elements and their impacts on Egypt, i.e. the foreign impact on all the aspects of the Egyptian life, traditions, arts, economy, literature, language, education, culture, religions etc.
We have the pleasure to invite you to attend the International conference “Pluralism and Peaceful Coexistence in Egypt: 1st -12th Centuries", which will be held on 2nd -4th May 2017 and will be organized by Ain Shams University in collaboration with The Coptic Orthodox Cultural Center, The Supreme Council of Culture, Marburg University, and the House of the Egyptian Family”.
In 2016, Ain Shams University decided to hold the Third International Conference in 2017, which will be about “Pluralism and Peaceful Coexistence in Egypt: 1st -12th Centuries". It will focus on the characteristics of Egypt and its civilization from the Coptic until the Ayyubid periods. On the other hand, the conference will deal with the foreign elements and their impacts on Egypt, i.e. the foreign impact on all the aspects of the Egyptian life, traditions, arts, economy, literature, language, education, culture, religions etc.
We have the pleasure to invite you to attend the International conference “Pluralism and Peaceful Coexistence in Egypt: 1st -12th Centuries", which will be held on 2nd -4th May 2017 and will be organized by Ain Shams University in collaboration with The Coptic Orthodox Cultural Center, The Supreme Council of Culture, Marburg University, and the House of the Egyptian Family”.
Research Interests: Egyptian History, Islam and Christianity: relations and exchange of ideas, Coptic period (Egyptology), Islam and Christianity, Medieval Egypt, and 5 moreByzantine Egypt, Early Egyptian Christianity, Early Islamic Egypt, Egypt, late-antique, Coptic and Islamic architecture, and Religius and Islamic Studies
A Festchrift for some pioneers of the Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams University. It is called, Makers of Knowledge, Cairo 2022.