Deborah Delgado Pugley

El objetivo de este módulo es ofrecer un panorama acerca de las protestas por los recursos naturales y el territorio en la región andina, en particular aquellos relacionados a las industrias extractivas, la minería y los hidrocarburos. Se busca explicar cómo estas protestas revelan los desafíos de la desigualdad y el desarrollo basado en la explotación de estos recursos naturales. El módulo está compuesto de las siguientes secciones: (1) Derechos Humanos, Planteamientos Conceptuales y Debates Contemporáneos, (2) Conflicto Socioambiental y La Gobernanza Sostenible de los Recursos Naturales, (3) Estrategias y Proyectos en Disputa y (4) Respuestas a la Protesta Socioambiental

Este artículo presenta un recuento de la memoria y la experiencia histórica del pueblo wampis con diferentes regímenes políticos que han buscado influenciar e intervenir en la gobernanza de su territorio ancestral. Busca ofrecer una visión de su interacción con estos regímenes, partiendo de la memoria colectiva de este pueblo. Luego, el artículo recoge algunas de las características centrales de sus experiencias de manejo y defensa territorial frente a los cambios institucionales que se viven en la alta Amazonía. Así, el artículo aborda las problemáticas ligadas a la profundización de la influencia del Estado nacional peruano y de la presión comercial que busca ejercer cambios profundos en el territorio debido a la extensión de economías de frontera legales e ilícitas, así como cambios demográficos. El artículo hace entonces un recuento de las alternativas que el pueblo wampis genera frente a esto y que conforman su propuesta de gobierno territorial autónomo.

This paper offers a comparative analysis of the engagement of transnational peasant and indigenous movements with global climate politics, and par ticularly with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It focu ses on two key networks within the global climate justice movement: the transnationa l agrarian movement La Via Campesina (LVC) and the International Indigenous Peoples’ Forum on Climate Change (IIPFCC). It shows that peasant and indigenous movements have been able to progressively create their own sense of globality in climate justice debates, by (a) using and transforming the human rights framework, (b) seizing and creating international political opportunities, both inside and outside the UNFCCC process, and (c) advancing their own global framing of the climate issue, and in particular their own solutions to climate change. It argues that land use discussions are playing a gr owing role in climate politics, leading peasant and indigenous movement...

This thesis aims to analyse the attempts to reform land and resources management policies that emanate from global environmental political regimes and concern the Upper Amazon region. It examines some of the coalitions, alliances, and negotiation strategies that have accompanied and shaped the process of climate change politics from the preparation of COP 15 in Copenhagen (2009) to the preparation of COP 21 in Paris (2015). Using a form of multi-sited ethnography, it compares and contrasts the involvement in REDD+ (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries) negotiations of, on the one hand, Peru and Bolivia, and, on the other hand, two transnational movements, the indigenous peoples movement and the forest conservation coallitions of NGOs. How do indigenous peoples of the Amazon region have occupied the political space created by climate change negotiations? Have they succeeded to gain recognition and to negotiate a better access to resourc...

This article offers a comparative account of the engagement of two key transnational social movements, the agrarian movement La Via Campesina (LVC) and the International Indigenous Peoples’ Forum on Climate Change (IIPFCC), in global climate discussions, particularly the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Since 2007 these movements have each developed their own framing of climate justice and sought political and legal opportunities to advocate rights-based policies. LVC has advanced a development paradigm grounded in food sovereignty and agroecology, and IIPFCC has sought to increase indigenous participation in United Nations climate schemes and regain control over ancestral territory. RÉSUMÉ Cet article présente un compte rendu comparatif de la participation de deux mouvements sociaux transnationaux clés, le mouvement agraire La Via Campesina (LVC) et l’International Indigenous Peoples’ Forum on Climate Change (IIPFCC), aux débats mondiaux sur le climat, notamme...

La participación de los pueblos indígenas en las negociaciones multilaterales que dan forma a las polí-ticas climáticas empezó tan pronto como la Cumbre de la Tierra de Río de Janeiro en 1992. En efecto, los pueblos indígenas en el ámbito global participan en diversos procesos nacionales, regionales y mul-tilaterales que conforman las políticas públicas necesarias para gestionar los "bienes comunes globales". En el espacio multilateral, los pueblos indígenas han logrado impulsar nuevos instrumentos políticos y ampliar el reconocimiento de sus derechos humanos y colectivos. A partir del consenso de la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas (aprobada en la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas en 2007), se han ido difundiendo los derechos colectivos en el marco del derecho ambiental. ¿Cómo trabajan las organizaciones indígenas para lograrlo? ¿Cuál es el impacto de su acción? ¿Qué conclusiones pueden sacarse para la política contemporánea? Este documento se centra en la tra-yectoria de las organizaciones indígenas que, a lo largo de 20 años, han conseguido que se les reconozca como actores clave en la reducción de la deforestación y la generación de alternativas para un desarrollo bajo en carbono. El reconocimiento de su sabiduría ancestral es una pieza fundamental en este esfuerzo. Las ideas de desarrollo y los procedimientos políticos en el proceso de la Convención Marco de las Na-ciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) todavía no se ajustan a lo que defienden sus or-ganizaciones, pero se pueden observar cambios sustanciales. Documentos de Trabajo 22 / 2019 (2ª época)

Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement stand as milestone diplomatic achievements. However, immense discrepancies between political commitments and governmental action remain. Combined national climate commitments fall far short of the Paris Agreement’s 1.5/2
C targets. Similar political ambition gaps persist across various areas of sustainable development. Many therefore argue that actions by nonstate actors, such as businesses and  investors, cities and regions, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), are crucial. These voices have resonated across the United Nations (UN) system, leading to growing recognition, promotion, and mobilization of such actions in ever greater numbers. This article investigates optimistic arguments about nonstate engagement, namely: (a) “the more the better”; (b) “everybody wins”; (c) “everyone does their part”; and (d) “more brings more.” However, these optimistic arguments may not be matched in practice due to governance risks. The current emphasis on quantifiable impacts may lead to the under-appreciation of variegated social, economic, and environmental impacts. Claims that everybody stands to benefit may easily be contradicted by outcomes that are not in line with priorities and needs in developing countries. Despite the seeming depoliticization of the role of nonstate actors in implementation, actions may still lead to politically contentious outcomes. Finally, nonstate climate and sustainability actions may not be self-reinforcing but may heavily depend on supporting mechanisms. The article concludes with governance risk-reduction strategies that can be combined to maximize nonstate potential in sustainable and climate-resilient transformations.

This article offers a comparative account of the engagement of two key transnational social movements, the agrarian movement La Via Campesina (LVC) and the International Indigenous Peoples’ Forum on Climate Change (IIPFCC), in global climate discussions, particularly the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Since 2007 these movements have each developed their own framing of climate justice and sought political and legal opportunities to advocate rights-based policies. LVC has advanced a development paradigm grounded in food sovereignty and agroecology, and IIPFCC has sought to increase indigenous participation in United Nations climate schemes and regain control over ancestral territory.

Although science widely recognizes the importance of the Western edge of the Amazon Basin for Earth’s ecological systems, it remains a region of oil extraction, with drilling sites dating back to the mid-twentieth century. The oil economy has a long-standing social and economic prominence, even in its most remote regions. It has created a deep dependency on cash flow in several local communities and has diminished, by its devastating environmental impacts, other sources of livelihood. As prices of oil entered a lower cycle in the global market during the 2010s, tensions emerged in extraction sites. Sabotage and lack of maintenance of oil pipelines, due to budget cuts, caused several disastrous spills that ruined water sources on which communities depended. Spills caused pollution, affecting directly local people’s health and well-being, but people have also perceived changes in the form of infrastructure and cash investment in remediation. Those might be regarded as a form of ephemeral, and toxic, “development.” This chapter aims to explore the kind of toxic development the region is now experiencing grounded in fieldwork in the Peruvian Marañon Basin.