[go: up one dir, main page]

ZA200707774B - Dosing regimes for trans-clomiphene - Google Patents

Dosing regimes for trans-clomiphene

Info

Publication number
ZA200707774B
ZA200707774B ZA200707774A ZA200707774A ZA200707774B ZA 200707774 B ZA200707774 B ZA 200707774B ZA 200707774 A ZA200707774 A ZA 200707774A ZA 200707774 A ZA200707774 A ZA 200707774A ZA 200707774 B ZA200707774 B ZA 200707774B
Authority
ZA
South Africa
Prior art keywords
clomiphene
trans
dosing regimes
regimes
dosing
Prior art date
Application number
ZA200707774A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Podolski Joseph
Original Assignee
Repros Therapeutics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Repros Therapeutics Inc filed Critical Repros Therapeutics Inc
Publication of ZA200707774B publication Critical patent/ZA200707774B/xx

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13Amines
    • A61K31/135Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
    • A61K31/138Aryloxyalkylamines, e.g. propranolol, tamoxifen, phenoxybenzamine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13Amines
    • A61K31/135Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
    • A61K31/137Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine or methadone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/08Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the prostate
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/08Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/10Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for impotence
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/08Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/08Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
    • A61P19/10Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • A61P21/06Anabolic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06Antihyperlipidemics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04Immunostimulants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/06Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the anterior pituitary hormones, e.g. TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/24Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the sex hormones
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/24Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the sex hormones
    • A61P5/26Androgens
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/24Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the sex hormones
    • A61P5/28Antiandrogens
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/24Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the sex hormones
    • A61P5/32Antioestrogens

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Reproductive Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Pregnancy & Childbirth (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
ZA200707774A 2005-03-22 2007-09-11 Dosing regimes for trans-clomiphene ZA200707774B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US66429005P 2005-03-22 2005-03-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ZA200707774B true ZA200707774B (en) 2009-09-30

Family

ID=37024477

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ZA200707774A ZA200707774B (en) 2005-03-22 2007-09-11 Dosing regimes for trans-clomiphene

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (2) US8247456B2 (ru)
EP (2) EP2392322A3 (ru)
JP (3) JP5785680B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR20070114187A (ru)
CN (1) CN101163467B (ru)
AU (1) AU2006227243B2 (ru)
BR (1) BRPI0609389A2 (ru)
CA (2) CA2597700A1 (ru)
MX (1) MX2007010659A (ru)
NZ (1) NZ560551A (ru)
PL (1) PL383444A1 (ru)
RU (1) RU2413508C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2006102232A2 (ru)
ZA (1) ZA200707774B (ru)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7737185B2 (en) 2001-07-09 2010-06-15 Repros Therapeutics Inc. Methods and compositions with trans-clomiphene
ATE406153T1 (de) 2001-07-09 2008-09-15 Repros Therapeutics Inc Verfahren und materialien für die behandlung des testosteron-mangels bei männern
AU2006227243B2 (en) 2005-03-22 2011-10-27 Allergan pharmaceuticals International Ltd. Dosing regimes for trans-clomiphene
EP2089151B1 (de) 2006-10-31 2016-05-25 Basf Se Regelung eines verfahrens zur herstellung wasserabsorbierender polymerpartikel in einer erwärmten gasphase
CN101896174B (zh) * 2007-10-16 2012-10-31 利普生物药剂公司 用于治疗代谢综合征的珠氯米芬
TW201500041A (zh) * 2008-11-07 2015-01-01 Repros Therapeutics Inc 用於代謝症候群與第2型糖尿病的反式氯米芬
UA113291C2 (xx) * 2011-08-04 2017-01-10 Метаболіти транскломіфену і їх застосування
WO2013020215A1 (en) * 2011-08-09 2013-02-14 Adams Kenneth W Use of aromatase inhibitor or estrogen blocker for increasing spermatogenesis or testosterone levels in males
EP3300725A3 (en) * 2012-02-14 2018-05-16 Repros Therapeutics Inc. Selective estrogen receptor modulators with short half-lives and uses thereof
CA2865234A1 (en) * 2012-02-29 2013-09-06 Repros Therapeutics Inc. Combination therapy for treating androgen deficiency
MX382986B (es) 2012-05-31 2025-03-13 Repros Therapeutics Inc El uso de una cápsula mucoadherente que comprende pululano y cdb-2914 para el tratamiento de un trastorno dependiente de la progesterona
CN104755087A (zh) 2012-11-02 2015-07-01 利普生物药剂公司 治疗孕酮依赖性病况的方法和组合物
JP2015535283A (ja) * 2012-11-02 2015-12-10 レプロス セラピューティクス インコーポレイティド 癌療法における使用のためのトランス−クロミフェン
CA2914503A1 (en) * 2013-06-05 2014-11-12 Repros Therapeutics Inc. Trans-clomiphene and its analogues as agents that increase bone mineral density
KR20180112048A (ko) * 2016-02-25 2018-10-11 아스펜 파크 파마슈티컬스 인코포레이티드 클로미펜 이성질체들의 경구 제형 및 이차 생식선 기능저하증 치료를 위하여 이들을 사용하는 방법
CN108463453A (zh) 2016-04-22 2018-08-28 意大利合成制造有限公司 用于制备具有针状晶体习性的柠檬酸恩氯米芬的方法

Family Cites Families (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4061733A (en) * 1976-10-15 1977-12-06 Narayan Vishwanath Gunjikar Veterinary compositions for inducing estrus in animals and method
US4729999A (en) * 1984-10-12 1988-03-08 Bcm Technologies Antiestrogen therapy for symptoms of estrogen deficiency
DE3660489D1 (en) 1985-06-08 1988-09-15 Asta Pharma Ag Derivatives of 1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-bis(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane
US4820736A (en) * 1987-03-20 1989-04-11 Yale University Use of clomiphene to predict fertility in a human female
GB8926171D0 (en) * 1989-11-20 1990-01-10 Applied Research Systems Treatment of infertility
JPH04312522A (ja) 1991-04-08 1992-11-04 Yoshiaki Kawashima 徐放性錠剤の製造方法
US5681585A (en) 1991-12-24 1997-10-28 Euro-Celtique, S.A. Stabilized controlled release substrate having a coating derived from an aqueous dispersion of hydrophobic polymer
US5580578A (en) 1992-01-27 1996-12-03 Euro-Celtique, S.A. Controlled release formulations coated with aqueous dispersions of acrylic polymers
US5776923A (en) * 1993-01-19 1998-07-07 Endorecherche, Inc. Method of treating or preventing osteoporosis by adminstering dehydropiandrosterone
GB9405304D0 (en) 1994-03-16 1994-04-27 Scherer Ltd R P Delivery systems for hydrophobic drugs
EP0802787A4 (en) 1994-06-17 1998-09-02 Univ Nebraska VECTOR FOR DELIVERY OF BIO-EFFECTIVE SUBSTANCES WITH GELLIFICATION -i (IN SITU) AND METHOD OF USE
DE4435368A1 (de) * 1994-09-22 1996-03-28 Schering Ag Verwendung von Aromatasehemmern zur Herstellung eines Arzneimittels zur Behandlung eines relativen Androgenmangels beim Mann
AU6824996A (en) 1995-08-17 1997-03-12 Dyer, Alison Margaret Controlled release products
US5773031A (en) 1996-02-27 1998-06-30 L. Perrigo Company Acetaminophen sustained-release formulation
IL120262A (en) * 1996-02-28 2001-01-28 Pfizer Droloxifene and derivatives thereof for use in increasing serum testosterone levels
EP0935523B1 (en) 1996-10-28 2004-09-29 Inc. General Mills Embedding and encapsulation of controlled release particles
EP0973818B1 (en) * 1997-04-03 2004-10-13 Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc. Biodegradable terephthalate polyester-poly(phosphate) polymers, compositions, articles, and methods for making and using the same
US6653297B1 (en) * 1997-07-03 2003-11-25 Medical College Of Hampton Roads Control of selective estrogen receptor modulators
RU2200732C2 (ru) * 1997-08-12 2003-03-20 Глэксо Вэллкам Инк. Производные трифенилэтилена, способы лечения и профилактики остеопороза, рака груди и сердечно-сосудистого заболевания
US6342250B1 (en) * 1997-09-25 2002-01-29 Gel-Del Technologies, Inc. Drug delivery devices comprising biodegradable protein for the controlled release of pharmacologically active agents and method of making the drug delivery devices
US6413533B1 (en) 1998-05-07 2002-07-02 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Method for chemoprevention of prostate cancer
CA2338503C (en) 1998-07-30 2009-09-29 Stoller Enterprises, Inc. Treatment of plants with salicylic acid and organic amines
JP2002522422A (ja) * 1998-08-07 2002-07-23 カイロン コーポレイション エストロゲンレセプターモジュレーターとしてのピラゾール
US6248363B1 (en) * 1999-11-23 2001-06-19 Lipocine, Inc. Solid carriers for improved delivery of active ingredients in pharmaceutical compositions
BR0011740A (pt) * 1999-06-11 2002-05-14 Watson Pharmaceuticals Inc Administração de esteróides androgênicos não-orais a mulheres
AU6132700A (en) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-05 Chienna B.V. Polymers loaded with bioactive agents
US6258802B1 (en) * 1999-10-06 2001-07-10 Medical College Of Hampton Roads Corticoid therapy
WO2001052823A2 (en) * 2000-01-20 2001-07-26 Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Compositions to effect the release profile in the transdermal administration of drugs
US7067557B2 (en) * 2000-05-26 2006-06-27 Harry Fisch Methods of treating androgen deficiency in men using selective antiestrogens
WO2001091744A1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2001-12-06 Harry Fisch Methods of treating androgen deficiency in men using selective antiestrogens
PT1318837E (pt) * 2000-08-11 2004-12-31 Wyeth Corp Metodo de tratamenton de carcinoma positivo a receptor de estrogenio
US6503894B1 (en) * 2000-08-30 2003-01-07 Unimed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Pharmaceutical composition and method for treating hypogonadism
CA2431566A1 (en) * 2000-12-11 2002-07-18 Testocreme, Llc Topical testosterone formulations and associated methods
KR100889842B1 (ko) * 2001-07-04 2009-03-20 니치아 카가쿠 고교 가부시키가이샤 질화물 반도체소자
US7173064B2 (en) * 2001-07-09 2007-02-06 Repros Therapeutics Inc. Methods and compositions with trans-clomiphene for treating wasting and lipodystrophy
ATE406153T1 (de) * 2001-07-09 2008-09-15 Repros Therapeutics Inc Verfahren und materialien für die behandlung des testosteron-mangels bei männern
US6645974B2 (en) * 2001-07-31 2003-11-11 Merck & Co., Inc. Androgen receptor modulators and methods for use thereof
AU2002330031B2 (en) * 2001-09-21 2007-07-05 Merck & Co., Inc. Androstanes as androgen receptor modulators
US20060269611A1 (en) * 2001-11-29 2006-11-30 Steiner Mitchell S Prevention and treatment of androgen-deprivation induced osteoporosis
US7105679B2 (en) * 2001-12-19 2006-09-12 Kanojia Ramesh M Heteroatom containing tetracyclic derivatives as selective estrogen receptor modulators
JP4312522B2 (ja) 2003-06-30 2009-08-12 株式会社リコー 現像剤補給方法、現像剤補給装置、及び、画像形成装置
WO2006019916A1 (en) * 2004-07-14 2006-02-23 Repros Therapeutics Inc. Trans-clomiphene for the treatment of benign prostate hypertrophy, prostate cancer, hypogonadism, elevated triglycerides and high cholesterol
MX2007009077A (es) * 2005-02-04 2007-09-13 Repros Therapeutics Inc Metodos y materiales con trans-clomifeno para el tratamiento de la infertilidad masculina.
CA2597247A1 (en) * 2005-02-11 2006-08-17 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Therapeutic combination of a vegf antagonist (vegf trap) and an anti-hypertensive agent
AU2006227243B2 (en) 2005-03-22 2011-10-27 Allergan pharmaceuticals International Ltd. Dosing regimes for trans-clomiphene
MX2008001510A (es) 2005-08-05 2008-04-04 Repros Therapeutics Inc Metodos y composiciones para tratar la infertilidad femenina usando clomifeno.
EP1829534A1 (en) 2006-03-02 2007-09-05 Laboratorios Del Dr. Esteve, S.A. Use of compounds binding to the sigma receptor for the treatment of metabolic syndrome
CN101896174B (zh) 2007-10-16 2012-10-31 利普生物药剂公司 用于治疗代谢综合征的珠氯米芬

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8519004B2 (en) 2013-08-27
CN101163467A (zh) 2008-04-16
HK1119070A1 (en) 2009-02-27
US8247456B2 (en) 2012-08-21
MX2007010659A (es) 2007-11-08
JP2015044867A (ja) 2015-03-12
JP2008534503A (ja) 2008-08-28
CA3071412A1 (en) 2006-09-28
EP2392322A2 (en) 2011-12-07
JP6270281B2 (ja) 2018-01-31
WO2006102232A2 (en) 2006-09-28
RU2413508C2 (ru) 2011-03-10
WO2006102232A3 (en) 2007-04-12
NZ560551A (en) 2010-02-26
BRPI0609389A2 (pt) 2010-03-30
EP1865938A4 (en) 2008-09-24
AU2006227243A1 (en) 2006-09-28
EP1865938A2 (en) 2007-12-19
AU2006227243B2 (en) 2011-10-27
CN101163467B (zh) 2012-07-18
KR20070114187A (ko) 2007-11-29
US20120309839A1 (en) 2012-12-06
US20090215907A1 (en) 2009-08-27
RU2007138867A (ru) 2009-04-27
JP2018024712A (ja) 2018-02-15
JP5785680B2 (ja) 2015-09-30
PL383444A1 (pl) 2008-03-17
EP2392322A3 (en) 2012-02-22
CA2597700A1 (en) 2006-09-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ZA200707774B (en) Dosing regimes for trans-clomiphene
GB0613691D0 (en) Mixer
GB0501733D0 (en) Packages
GB0624157D0 (en) Liquids
GB0619130D0 (en) Liquids
PL1891198T3 (pl) Urządzenie dozujące
ZA200804267B (en) Dosing device
GB0623160D0 (en) Biomolecules
GB0513984D0 (en) Dosage form
PL1669179T3 (pl) Urządzenie dozujące
GB0723469D0 (en) Liquids
GB0503019D0 (en) Dosing apparatus
GB2454144B (en) Dosing device
ITTO20050199A1 (it) Macchina impastatrice per impastatrice per impasti alimentari
GB0514170D0 (en) Dispensing arrangement
GB2444325B (en) Mixing
IL178288A0 (en) Combination dosing regimen for erythropoietin
EP1886188A4 (en) SOFTWARE FOR REPORTING SIZES
GB2429199B (en) Dosing apparatus
GB0500346D0 (en) Mixers
AU306342S (en) Mixer tapware
AU306343S (en) Mixer tapware
PL379955A1 (pl) Dozownik
GB0612327D0 (en) Device sharing
GB0511123D0 (en) Substances