WO2024093091A1 - 一种海鞘素类化合物中间体的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种海鞘素类化合物中间体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024093091A1 WO2024093091A1 PCT/CN2023/082268 CN2023082268W WO2024093091A1 WO 2024093091 A1 WO2024093091 A1 WO 2024093091A1 CN 2023082268 W CN2023082268 W CN 2023082268W WO 2024093091 A1 WO2024093091 A1 WO 2024093091A1
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- electrically neutral
- neutral organic
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- -1 ecteinascidin compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229960000977 trabectedin Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 44
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C=O HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- HIMXGTXNXJYFGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N alloxan Chemical group O=C1NC(=O)C(=O)C(=O)N1 HIMXGTXNXJYFGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 8
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- OJUGVDODNPJEEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylglyoxal Chemical compound O=CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OJUGVDODNPJEEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 claims description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylglyoxal Chemical compound CC(=O)C=O AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DBKKFIIYQGGHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-oxopropanedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)C(=O)OCC DBKKFIIYQGGHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- SXTLRDMNUMXEMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-cyclohexylhexan-2-one Chemical group CC(=O)CCCCC1CCCCC1 SXTLRDMNUMXEMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- NSPJNIDYTSSIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(methoxymethoxy)methane Chemical compound COCOCOC NSPJNIDYTSSIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CHCLGECDSSWNCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOC CHCLGECDSSWNCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 25
- PKVRCIRHQMSYJX-AIFWHQITSA-N trabectedin Chemical compound C([C@@]1(C(OC2)=O)NCCC3=C1C=C(C(=C3)O)OC)S[C@@H]1C3=C(OC(C)=O)C(C)=C4OCOC4=C3[C@H]2N2[C@@H](O)[C@H](CC=3C4=C(O)C(OC)=C(C)C=3)N(C)[C@H]4[C@@H]21 PKVRCIRHQMSYJX-AIFWHQITSA-N 0.000 description 17
- XXPXYPLPSDPERN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ecteinascidin 743 Natural products COc1cc2C(NCCc2cc1O)C(=O)OCC3N4C(O)C5Cc6cc(C)c(OC)c(O)c6C(C4C(S)c7c(OC(=O)C)c(C)c8OCOc8c37)N5C XXPXYPLPSDPERN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZXBSOTYVIHPBDT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-carbaldehyde;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+]1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 ZXBSOTYVIHPBDT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- SOEVVANXSDKPIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium glyoxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=O SOEVVANXSDKPIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NOUZOVBGCDDMSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-ditert-butylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=O)C(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NOUZOVBGCDDMSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJXQFVMTIGJBFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxytyramine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CCN)C=C1O WJXQFVMTIGJBFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000798369 Ecteinascidia turbinata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010068771 Soft tissue neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Substances CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHZOKUMUHVTPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium acetic acid acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(O)=O.CC([O-])=O BHZOKUMUHVTPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D515/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
- C07D515/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of compound synthesis, and specifically relates to a method for preparing an ecteinascidin compound intermediate.
- Trabectedin (ET-743) is an alkylating agent isolated and extracted from the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata. It is the first new marine-derived anti-soft tissue tumor drug with the following structure:
- compound B is a key intermediate, and its structure is as follows:
- He et al. also disclosed the synthesis of another ectocystin compound using intermediate compound B.
- Compound Method for the preparation of rubicin (Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 58(12), 3972-3975; 2019).
- compound B plays an important role in the synthesis of ecteinascidin compounds.
- the synthesis routes of compound B have defects such as harsh conditions, cumbersome operations, and high costs.
- the preparation method of trabectedin disclosed in the Chinese patent application with publication number CN114805398A uses 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone as an oxidant, and adds catalysts zinc chloride and oxalic acid, and reacts under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions to obtain the intermediate compound B.
- the reaction operation is also relatively complicated, and post-treatment must be performed by column chromatography to obtain B with high purity.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a key intermediate compound B of an ectocystin compound with simple operation, mild reaction conditions, low cost and high yield.
- the present invention provides the use of an electrically neutral organic oxidant as the sole auxiliary agent in a reaction for preparing an ectocystin intermediate;
- the reaction for preparing an ectocystin intermediate is a reaction for preparing a compound B using a compound A as a reactant;
- compound A is: or a salt thereof, compound B is:
- R is hydrogen or a hydroxyl protecting group.
- the present invention also provides a method for preparing an ectocystin compound intermediate, comprising the following steps:
- R is hydrogen or a hydroxyl protecting group.
- the hydroxyl protecting group is methoxymethyl ether, methoxymethyl ethyl ether or allyl.
- the electrically neutral organic oxidant in step (2) contains at least one carbonyl group in its structure, and preferably contains at least two carbonyl groups.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: hydrogen, hydroxyl, C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 alkoxy, phenyl, or R 1 and R 2 are connected to form a 3-7 membered substituted or unsubstituted saturated or unsaturated ring; the substituted substituent is hydroxyl, carbonyl, amino, halogen, cyano or mercapto; n is an integer of 0-6;
- G is selected from CO, NH or CR a R b , wherein Ra and R b in each repeating unit are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, halogen, cyano or thiol.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: hydrogen, hydroxyl, methyl, ethoxy, phenyl, or R 1 and R 2 are connected to form a 5-6 membered substituted or unsubstituted saturated or unsaturated ring; the substituted substituent is hydroxyl or carbonyl, and n is an integer of 0-4.
- n1 is 1 or 2
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-5 alkoxy, and phenyl;
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, methyl, ethoxy and phenyl.
- n 1 or 2;
- G1 is nothing, CO, NH or CR c R d
- G2 is nothing, CO, NH or CR e R f
- G3 is nothing, CO, NH or CR g R h ; wherein R c , R d , Re , R f , R g , and R h are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, thiol or cyano, or R c and Re are connected to form a chemical bond, or Re and R g are connected to form a chemical bond.
- R c , R d , Re , R f , R g , and R h are independently selected from hydrogen and hydroxyl groups, or R c and Re are connected to form a chemical bond, or Re and R g are connected to form a chemical bond.
- the electrically neutral organic oxidant is selected from any one of the following compounds or their hydrates:
- the electrically neutral organic oxidant is alloxan.
- the organic solvent in step (1) is selected from N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or N-methylpyrrolidone; preferably N,N-dimethylformamide.
- the molar ratio of the compound A to the electrically neutral organic oxidant is: 1:(1-5); preferably: 1:2.
- reaction conditions are 50-70° C. for 1-24 hours; preferably 60° C. for 2-24 hours.
- the electrically neutral organic oxidant is glyoxylic acid, glyoxylic acid ester, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, diethyl ketomalonate or phenylglyoxal, and the reaction time is 10 to 14 hours, preferably 12 hours;
- the electrically neutral organic oxidant is cyclohexanehexanone or cyclohexane acid, and the reaction time is 20 to 24 hours, preferably 24 hours;
- the electrically neutral organic oxidant is alloxan, and the reaction time is 1 to 3 hours, preferably 2 hours.
- the above preparation method also includes the following post-processing steps:
- step (2) pouring the reaction solution obtained after the reaction in step (2) into an aqueous solution of an inorganic base or an organic base at 0 to 4°C;
- step (a) is: the reaction solution obtained after the reaction in step (2) is poured into a saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, sodium carbonate aqueous solution or triethylamine aqueous solution at 0°C.
- the present invention uses an electrically neutral organic oxidant as the only auxiliary agent for preparing a key intermediate of an ectocystin compound, and does not require the participation of other auxiliary agents such as a catalyst.
- the intermediate of an ectocystin compound with a high yield can be obtained through simple and rapid post-treatment under mild and non-harsh conditions, thus overcoming the technical prejudice that in the process of preparing the key intermediate compound B of an ectocystin compound, anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions must be controlled, or the participation of a catalyst is required.
- the method of the invention is simple to operate, the reagents used are cheap and easily available, and the reaction can be carried out in an aqueous system.
- the reaction conditions are mild and not harsh, the solvent usage is low, the yield is high, and the environmental pollution is small.
- the method is suitable for the industrial production of key intermediates of ecteinascidin compounds.
- the situation of "R c and Re are connected to form a chemical bond” means that a carbon-carbon double bond is formed between G1 and G2, and the other substituent on the carbon atom (R d , R f ) is still independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, thiol or cyano.
- the situation of "or Re and R g are connected to form a chemical bond” means that a carbon-carbon double bond is formed between G2 and G3, and the other substituent on the carbon atom (R f , R h ) is still independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, thiol or cyano.
- “Hydroxy protecting group” a suitable group for protecting a hydroxy group known in the art, see the hydroxy protecting group in the literature (“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, 5Th Ed. T.W.Greene & P.G.M.Wuts).
- Electrode neutral organic oxidant refers to a substance that is uncharged, has carbon atoms as the structural skeleton of the compound, and has the ability to acquire electrons.
- the raw materials and equipment used in the present invention are all known products, which are obtained by purchasing commercially available products.
- glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid ester and glyoxal are all added in the form of aqueous solution.
- the present invention provides a method for synthesizing key intermediates of ecteinascidin compounds, which is simple to operate, uses cheap and easily available reagents, can react in an aqueous system, has mild and non-harsh reaction conditions, uses low solvents, has high yields, and causes little environmental pollution.
- the method is suitable for the industrial production of key intermediates of ecteinascidin compounds.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种以电中性有机氧化剂为唯一助剂,制备海鞘素类化合物中间体的制备方法,包括将化合物A溶于有机溶剂中,加入电中性有机氧化剂在50~70℃反应1~25小时的步骤。本发明方法操作简单,所用试剂廉价易得,无需采用催化剂等其他助剂辅助反应,且本发明方法可以在含水体系中反应,反应条件温和不苛刻,溶剂使用低,收率高,对环境污染小,是一种适于工业化生产海鞘素类化合物关键中间体的方法。
Description
本发明属于化合物合成领域,具体涉及一种海鞘素类化合物中间体的制备方法。
曲贝替定(Trabectedin;ET-743)是一种从加勒比海被囊动物红树海蛸(Ecteinascidia turbinata)体内分离提取出来的烷化剂,是第一个海洋来源的新型抗软组织肿瘤药物,具有如下结构:
然而,曲贝替定作为一种分离自动物体内的天然产物,来源受限,产量很低,因此,人工合成曲贝替定成为了近年来的研究热点。
在现有报道的诸多曲贝替定合成路线中,化合物B都是关键中间体,其结构如下:
例如,Cuevas等人、马大为等人均公开了化合物B与5-(2-氨基乙基)-2-甲氧基苯酚反应制备曲贝替定的路线如下(Organic Letters,Volume2,Issue16,Pages2545-2548;CN109912629B):
此外,He等人还公开了利用中间体化合物B合成另一种海鞘素类化合
物:卢比克替定的方法(Angewandte Chemie,International Edition,58(12),3972-3975;2019)。
可见,化合物B在海鞘素类化合物的合成过程中扮演者重要角色,然而,至今为止,化合物B的合成路线均具有条件严苛、操作繁琐、成本较高等缺陷。
E.J.Corey等人于1996年首次合成出曲贝替定,而其报道的合成该中间体的过程中使用了非常昂贵的4-甲酰基-1-甲基吡啶-1-鎓碘化物,且需要极过量地加入反应体系(加入了20当量),不但成本较高,而且制备过程操作繁琐,纯化困难,收率较低。(J.Am.Chem.Soc.1996,118,9202-9203)。
自该方法被首次报道之后,尽管许多研究人员在后续的研究过程中采用了多种方式合成曲贝替定,但是其中涉及到化合物B的合成时,仍借鉴1996年E.J.Corey等人公开的方法,即均采用4-甲酰基-1-甲基吡啶-1-鎓碘化物作为氧化剂合成中间体化合物B。例如:Fukuyama等人于2002年同样使用4-甲酰基-1-甲基吡啶-1-鎓碘化物作为氧化剂合成中间体化合物B,最后完成了曲贝替定的合成。(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2002,124,6552-6554);Jieping Zhu等人于2006年也使用4-甲酰基-1-甲基吡啶-1-鎓碘化物作为氧化剂完成中间体化合物B的合成工作。(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2006,128,87-89);马大为等于2019完成了曲贝替定的全合成,所用的中间体化合物B仍然是使用4-甲酰基-1-甲基吡啶-1-鎓碘化物氧化所得,对中间体化合物B的合成条件、收率仍然没有改善;(Angewandte Chemie,International Edition(2019),58(12),3972-3975)。包括公告号CN1096463C等专利中记载的化合物B的合成方法也与E.J.Corey等人的方法相同。
可以看出,长期以来,对化合物B的合成基本都沿用了E.J.Corey等人最早公开的方法,因此始终未能走出氧化剂4-甲酰基-1-甲基吡啶-1-鎓碘化物加入量大,成本高、操作繁琐、纯化困难,收率低的困境。
近年来,也有研究尝试使用其它氧化剂替代4-甲酰基-1-甲基吡啶-1-鎓碘化物来实现化合物B的合成,例如:公告号为CN107739387B的中国专利,在乙酸钠-乙酸缓冲溶液和有机溶剂的混合液中,加入乙醛酸钠和硫酸盐,在惰性气体保护下反应,并经过水洗、萃取、打浆等一系列后处理操作制备得到中间体化合物B。该方法虽然提高了化合物B的产率,但是,其所用的乙醛酸钠试剂依然较为昂贵,且其反应需要惰性气体保护,条件相对苛刻,后处理操作繁琐。公开号为CN114805398A的中国专利申请公开的曲贝替定的制备方法,使用3,5-二-叔丁基-1,2-苯醌作为氧化剂,并加入催化剂氯化锌以及草酸,在无水无氧的条件下反应,可以制得中间体化合物B。然而该反应操作也比较繁琐,且后处理必须经过柱层析才能得到纯度很高的B。
总的来说,上述专利/专利申请公开的改进的方法,虽然避免了4-甲酰基-1-甲基吡啶-1-鎓碘化物的使用,但是,与最初E.J.Corey等人公开的反应条件类似,其依然要求较苛刻的反应条件,需要控制无水无氧;此外,整个反应体系必须有催化剂的参与,导致后处理操作繁琐,因此导致整个工艺成本
很高,制约了曲贝替定的工业化生产。
综上所述,一直以来以化合物A为原料生产中间体化合物B的工艺,始终存在着需要控制无水无氧条件,或是需要催化剂辅助氧化剂实现反应的技术偏见。而为了进一步实现中间体化合物B的扩大化、工业化生产,从而实现海鞘素类化合物大批量生产,进一步提供一种操作简单、反应条件温和、成本低廉且收率高的海鞘素类化合物关键中间体化合物B的制备方法,具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种操作简单、反应条件温和、成本低廉且收率高的海鞘素类化合物关键中间体化合物B的制备方法。
本发明提供了电中性有机氧化剂作为唯一助剂在制备海鞘素类化合物中间体的反应中的用途;所述制备海鞘素类化合物中间体的反应是以化合物A为反应物,制备得到化合物B的反应;
所述化合物A为:或其盐,化合物B为:
其中,R为氢或羟基保护基。
本发明还提供了一种海鞘素类化合物中间体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)化合物A或其盐溶于有机溶剂中;
(2)加入电中性有机氧化剂反应得到化合物B;
反应式如下:
其中,R为氢或羟基保护基。
进一步地,上述羟基保护基为甲氧基甲基醚、甲氧基甲乙醚或烯丙基。
进一步地,步骤(2)所述电中性有机氧化剂结构中含有至少一个羰基,优选地,含有至少两个羰基。
更进一步地,上述电中性有机氧化剂的结构如式I所示:
其中,R1、R2分别独立选自:氢、羟基、C1~5烷基、C1~5烷氧基、苯基,或R1、R2连接形成3~7元取代或未取代的饱和或不饱和环;所述取代的取代基是羟基、羰基、氨基、卤素、氰基或巯基;n为0~6的整数;
G选自CO、NH或CRaRb,其中,每个重复单元内的Ra、Rb分别独立选自氢、羟基、氨基、卤素、氰基或巯基。
更进一步地,上述R1、R2分别独立选自:氢、羟基、甲基、乙氧基、苯基,或R1、R2连接形成5~6元取代或未取代的饱和或不饱和环;所述取代的取代基是羟基或羰基,n为0~4的整数。
更进一步地,上述电中性有机氧化剂如式I-A所示:
其中,n1为1或2,所述R1、R2分别独立选自:氢、羟基、C1~5烷基、C1~5烷氧基、苯基;
优选地,R1、R2分别独立选自:氢、羟基、甲基、乙氧基、苯基。
更进一步地,上述电中性有机氧化剂如式I-B所示:
其中,n为1或2;
G1为无、CO、NH或CRcRd,G2为无、CO、NH或CReRf,G3为无、CO、NH或CRgRh;其中,Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rg、Rh分别独立选自氢、羟基、氨基、巯基或氰基,或Rc、Re连接形成化学键,或Re、Rg连接形成化学键。
更进一步地,上述Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rg、Rh分别独立选自氢、羟基,或Rc、Re连接形成化学键,或Re、Rg连接形成化学键。
进一步地,上述电中性有机氧化剂选自如下任一种化合物或其水合物:
更进一步地,上述电中性有机氧化剂是四氧嘧啶。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述有机溶剂是选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃或N-甲基吡咯烷酮;优选为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
进一步地,上述化合物A和电中性有机氧化剂的摩尔比为:1:(1~5);优选为:1:2。
进一步地,上述反应的条件为50~70℃反应1~24小时;优选为60℃反应2~24小时。
更进一步地,上述电中性有机氧化剂是乙醛酸、乙醛酸酯、乙二醛、丙酮醛、酮基丙二酸二乙酯或苯基乙二醛,所述反应时间为10~14小时,优选为12小时;
或,上述电中性有机氧化剂是环己六酮或克酮酸,所述反应时间为20~24小时,优选为24小时;
或,上述电中性有机氧化剂是四氧嘧啶,所述反应时间为1~3小时,优选为2小时。
进一步地,上述的制备方法还包括如下后处理步骤:
(a)步骤(2)反应后得到的反应液倒入0~4℃的无机碱或有机碱水溶液中;
(b)静置析出固体,过滤得到固体,即为化合物B。
更进一步地,步骤(a)为:步骤(2)反应后得到的反应液倒入0℃的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液、碳酸钠水溶液或三乙胺水溶液中。
本发明的有益效果:本发明使用电中性有机氧化剂作为制备海鞘素类化合物关键中间体的唯一助剂,无需催化剂等其他助剂参与,可以在温和不苛刻的条件下,通过简单快速的后处理,获得收率很高的海鞘素类化合物中间体,克服了在制备海鞘素类化合物关键中间体化合物B的过程中,必须控制无水无氧条件,或是需要催化剂参与的技术偏见。
本发明方法操作简单,所用试剂廉价易得,且可以在含水体系中反应,反应条件温和不苛刻,溶剂使用低,收率高,对环境污染小,是一种适于工业化生产海鞘素类化合物关键中间体的方法。
术语说明:
本发明中,“Rc、Re连接形成化学键”的情形,是指G1和G2之间形成碳碳双键,而碳原子上的另一取代基(Rd、Rf)仍分别独立选自氢、羟基、氨基、巯基或氰基。“或Re、Rg连接形成化学键”的情形,是指G2和G3之间形成碳碳双键,而碳原子上的另一取代基(Rf、Rh)仍分别独立选自氢、羟基、氨基、巯基或氰基。
“羟基保护基”:本领域已知的适当的用于羟基保护的基团,参见文献(“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”,5Th Ed.T.W.Greene&P.G.M.Wuts)中的羟基保护基团。
“电中性有机氧化剂”:指不带有电荷的,以碳原子为化合物结构骨架的,具有获得电子的能力的物质。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
本发明所用原料与设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品所得。
实施例1、海鞘素类化合物关键中间体的制备
化合物A盐酸盐(1g,1.5mmol)溶解于DMF(20mL)中,加入丙酮醛水溶液(547mg,3.0mmol,40wt%in H2O),于60℃下搅拌12小时,待反应完成,将反应液倒入0℃的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,固体析出,过滤,得到产物B(0.9g,收率95%)。
实施例2
化合物A盐酸盐(1g,1.5mmol)溶解于DMF(20mL)中,加入乙醛酸水溶液(449mg,3.0mmol,50wt%in H2O),于60℃下搅拌12小时,待反应完成,将反应液倒入0℃的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,固体析出,过滤,得到产物B(0.86g,收率92%)。
实施例3
化合物A盐酸盐(1g,1.5mmol)溶解于DMF(20mL)中,加入乙醛酸酯(306mg,3.0mmol),于60℃下搅拌12小时,待反应完成,将反应液倒入0℃的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,固体析出,过滤,得到产物B(0.88g,收率94%)。
实施例4
化合物A盐酸盐(1g,1.5mmol)溶解于DMF(20mL)中,加入乙二醛水溶液(435mg,3.0mmol,40wt%in H2O),于60℃下搅拌12小时,待反应完成,将反应液倒入0℃的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,固体析出,过滤,得到产物B(0.86g,收率92%)。
实施例5
化合物A盐酸盐(1g,1.5mmol)溶解于DMF(20mL)中,加入酮基丙二酸二乙酯(522mg,3.0mmol),于60℃下搅拌12小时,待反应完成,将反应液倒入0℃的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,固体析出,过滤,得到产物B(0.82g,收率88%)。
实施例6
化合物A盐酸盐(1g,1.5mmol)溶解于DMF(20mL)中,加入苯基乙二醛(402mg,3.0mmol),于60℃下搅拌12小时,待反应完成,将反应液倒入0℃的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,固体析出,过滤,得到产物B(0.85g,收率90%)。
实施例7
化合物A盐酸盐(1g,1.5mmol)溶解于DMF(20mL)中,加入环己六酮(504mg,3.0mmol),于60℃下搅拌24小时,待反应完成,将反应液倒入0℃的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,固体析出,过滤,得到产物B(0.86g,收率91%)。
实施例8
化合物A盐酸盐(1g,1.5mmol)溶解于DMF(20mL)中,加入克酮酸(426mg,3.0mmol),于60℃下搅拌24小时,待反应完成,将反应液倒入0℃的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,固体析出,过滤,得到产物B(0.84g,收率89%)。
实施例9
化合物A盐酸盐(1g,1.5mmol)溶解于DMF(20mL)中,加入四氧嘧啶(480mg,3.0mmol),于60℃下搅拌2小时,待反应完成,将反应液倒入0℃的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,固体析出,过滤,得到产物B(0.92g,收率96%)。
电中性有机氧化剂和反应条件以及对应的收率如表1所示:
其中,乙醛酸、乙醛酸酯、乙二醛均是以水溶液形式加入。
各电中性有机氧化剂结构如下:
综上,本发明提供了一种海鞘素类化合物关键中间体的合成方法,操作简单,所用试剂廉价易得,且可以在含水体系中反应,反应条件温和不苛刻,溶剂使用低,收率高,对环境污染小,是一种适于工业化生产海鞘素类化合物关键中间体的方法。
Claims (17)
- 电中性有机氧化剂作为唯一助剂在制备海鞘素类化合物中间体的反应中的用途;所述制备海鞘素类化合物中间体的反应是以化合物A为反应物,制备得到化合物B的反应;所述化合物A为:或其盐,化合物B为:其中,R为氢或羟基保护基。
- 一种海鞘素类化合物中间体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:(1)化合物A或其盐溶于有机溶剂中;(2)加入电中性有机氧化剂反应得到化合物B;反应式如下:
其中,R为氢或羟基保护基。 - 如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述羟基保护基为甲氧基甲基醚、甲氧基甲乙醚或烯丙基。
- 如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述电中性有机氧化剂结构中含有至少一个羰基,优选地,含有至少两个羰基。
- 如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电中性有机氧化剂的结构如式I所示:
其中,R1、R2分别独立选自:氢、羟基、C1~5烷基、C1~5烷氧基、苯基,或R1、R2连接形成3~7元取代或未取代的饱和或不饱和环;所述取代的取代基是羟基、羰基、氨基、卤素、氰基或巯基;n为0~6的整数;G选自CO、NH或CRaRb,其中,每个重复单元内的Ra、Rb分别独立选自氢、羟基、氨基、卤素、氰基或巯基。 - 如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述R1、R2分别独立选自:氢、羟基、甲基、乙氧基、苯基,或R1、R2连接形成5~6元取代或未取代的饱和或不饱和环;所述取代的取代基是羟基或羰基,n为0~4的整数。
- 如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电中性有机氧化剂如式I-A所示:
其中,n1为1或2,所述R1、R2分别独立选自:氢、羟基、C1~5烷基、C1~5烷氧基、苯基;优选地,R1、R2分别独立选自:氢、羟基、甲基、乙氧基、苯基。 - 如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电中性有机氧化剂如式I-B所示:
其中,n为1或2;G1为无、CO、NH或CRcRd,G2为无、CO、NH或CReRf,G3为无、CO、NH或CRgRh;其中,Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rg、Rh分别独立选自氢、羟基、氨基、巯基或氰基,或Rc、Re连接形成化学键,或Re、Rg连接形成化学键。 - 如权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rg、Rh分别独立选自氢、羟基,或Rc、Re连接形成化学键,或Re、Rg连接形成化学键。
- 如权利要求4~10任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电中性有机氧化剂选自如下任一种化合物或其水合物:
- 如权利要求10所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电中性有机氧化剂是四氧嘧啶。
- 如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述有机溶剂是选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃或N-甲基吡咯烷酮;优选为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
- 如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化合物A和电中性有机氧化剂的摩尔比为:1:(1~5);优选为:1:2。
- 如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的条件为50~70℃反应1~24小时;优选为60℃反应2~24小时。
- 如权利要求14所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电中性有机氧化剂是乙醛酸、乙醛酸酯、乙二醛、丙酮醛、酮基丙二酸二乙酯或苯基乙二醛,所述反应时间为10~14小时,优选为12小时;或,所述电中性有机氧化剂是环己六酮或克酮酸,所述反应时间为20~24小时,优选为24小时;或,所述电中性有机氧化剂是四氧嘧啶,所述反应时间为1~3小时,优选为2小时。
- 如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括如下后处理步骤:(a)步骤(2)反应后得到的反应液倒入0~4℃的无机碱或有机碱水溶液中;(b)静置析出固体,过滤得到固体,即为化合物B。
- 如权利要求16所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)为:步骤(2)反应后得到的反应液倒入0℃的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液、碳酸钠水溶液或三乙胺水溶液中。
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