WO2023247662A1 - Zusammensetzung für organische elektronische vorrichtungen - Google Patents
Zusammensetzung für organische elektronische vorrichtungen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023247662A1 WO2023247662A1 PCT/EP2023/066894 EP2023066894W WO2023247662A1 WO 2023247662 A1 WO2023247662 A1 WO 2023247662A1 EP 2023066894 W EP2023066894 W EP 2023066894W WO 2023247662 A1 WO2023247662 A1 WO 2023247662A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/654—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/90—Multiple hosts in the emissive layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising an electron-transporting host and a hole-transporting host, their use in electronic devices and electronic devices containing this composition.
- the electron-transporting host corresponds to a compound of formula (1) from the class of N-bridged triphenylenes which contain a substituted pyridine, pyrimidine or triazine unit bound via the N atom.
- organic electroluminescence devices e.g. OLEDs - organic light emitting diodes or OLECs - organic light emitting electro-chemical cells
- organic semiconductors are used as functional materials
- organometallic complexes that show phosphorescence instead of fluorescence are increasingly being used as emitting materials.
- organometallic compounds as phosphorescence emitters.
- organic electroluminescent devices are not only determined by the emitters used.
- the other materials used such as host and matrix materials, hole blocking materials, electron transport materials, hole transport materials and electron or exciton blocking materials are of particular importance, and of these in particular the host or matrix materials. Improvements in these materials can lead to significant improvements in electroluminescent devices.
- Host materials for use in organic electronic devices are well known to those skilled in the art.
- matrix material is often used when a host material for phosphorescent emitters is meant. This use of the term also applies to the present invention.
- a variety of host materials have now been developed for both fluorescent and phosphorescent electronic devices.
- US 6,392,250 B1 discloses the use of a mixture consisting of an electron transport material, a hole transport material and a fluorescent emitter in the emission layer of an OLED. With the help of this mixture, the lifespan of the OLED could be improved compared to the state of the art.
- US 6,803,720 B1 discloses the use of a mixture containing a phosphorescent emitter and a hole and an electron transport material in the emission layer of an OLED. Both the hole and electron transport materials are small organic molecules.
- Another possibility for improving the performance data of electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, is to use combinations of two or more materials, in particular host materials or matrix materials.
- N-bridged triphenylenes with electron- and hole-transporting properties are described for the first time, which are used in a green phosphorescent OLED in the emission layer as a hole-transporting host and/or electron-transporting host and/or in the hole-transporting layer as a hole-transporting material.
- Biscarbazole derivatives with O-bridged triphenylenes as a substituent on the N atom of one of the carbazoles are described in CN112961145. These are used in green phosphorescent OLEDs.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a combination of materials which are suitable for use in an organic electroluminescent device, in particular in a fluorescent or phosphorescent OLED, and which have good device properties in particular with regard to an improved service life, as well as the provision of the corresponding electroluminescent device.
- a first object of the present invention is therefore a composition containing at least one compound of the formula (1) and at least one compound of the formula (2) or the formula (3) or the formula (4) or the formula
- R* is a group of the following formula (1a)
- X is the same or different as N or CR C , provided that at least one group
- Ar a , Ar b are each independently of one another in each occurrence, the same or different, an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ;
- Ar c , Ar d are each independently identical or different in each occurrence of an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R d ;
- Ar c *, Ar d * are each, independently of one another, the same or different in each occurrence of an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R d can or a heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, triphenyleno[1,2-bcd]thiophene, substituted naphto[1,2,3,4,def]carbazole, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, indolo[3,2 ,1-jk]carbazole, biscarbazole, benzcarbazole, indenocarbazole, indolocarbazole, benzofurocarbazole, benzothioenocarbazole, dihydroacridine, dihydrophenazine, dibenzodioxin, thianthrene, phenoxathiine, each of which can be substitute
- Y is selected the same or differently for each occurrence from O, S or C(R k ) 2 ;
- Ar' is, identically or differently, an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ;
- R j can together form an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R 1 , and where two radicals R 'or R' bonded to the same carbon, silicon, germanium or tin atom j can form a monocyclic or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with each other, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R 1 ;
- R 2 Every time R 2 occurs, it is the same or different as D, F, CN or an aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic organic radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more H atoms are replaced by D or F can be replaced; two or more substituents R 2 can be linked together and form a ring;
- R 3 is the same or different in each occurrence as D, CN or an aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic organic radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms; two or more substituents R 3 can be linked together and form a ring;
- An aryl group in the sense of this invention contains 6 to 40 carbon atoms;
- a heteroaryl group contains 2 to 39 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S.
- An aryl group or heteroaryl group is either a simple aromatic cycle, i.e.
- benzene or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example pyridine, pyrimidine, thiophene, etc., or a fused (fused) aryl or heteroaryl group, for example naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, quinoline, isoquinoline, etc., understood.
- Aromatics linked to each other by a single bond, such as biphenyl, are not referred to as aryl or heteroaryl groups, but as aromatic ring systems.
- An aromatic ring system in the sense of this invention contains 6 to 40 carbon atoms in the ring system.
- a heteroaromatic ring system in the sense of this invention contains 2 to 39 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom in the ring system, with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S.
- An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system in the context of this invention is to be understood as meaning a system which does not necessarily only contain aryl or heteroaryl groups, but also contains several aryl or heteroaryl groups a non-aromatic entity, such as B. a C, N or O atom can be connected.
- Preferred aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems are simple aryl or heteroaryl groups and groups in which two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups are linked directly to one another, for example biphenyl or bipyridine, as well as fluorene or spirobifluorene.
- An electron-rich heteroaromatic ring system is characterized in that it is a heteroaromatic ring system that does not contain any electron-poor heteroaryl groups.
- An electron-deficient heteroaryl group is a six-membered heteroaryl group with at least one nitrogen atom or a five-membered heteroaryl group with at least two heteroatoms, one of which is a nitrogen atom and the other is oxygen, sulfur or a substituted nitrogen atom, with additional aryl or heteroaryl groups attached to these groups may be condensed.
- electron-rich heteroaryl groups are five-ring heteroaryl groups with exactly one heteroatom, selected from oxygen, sulfur or substituted nitrogen, to which further aryl groups and / or further electron-rich five-ring heteroaryl groups can be fused.
- electron-rich heteroaryl groups are pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene or indenocarbazole.
- An electron-rich heteroaryl group is also called an electron-rich heteroaromatic residue.
- An electron-poor heteroaromatic ring system is characterized in that it contains at least one electron-poor heteroaryl group, and particularly preferably no electron-rich heteroaryl groups.
- alkyl group is used as a generic term for both linear or branched alkyl groups as well as for cyclic alkyl groups.
- alkenyl group or alkynyl group are used as generic terms for both linear or branched alkenyl or alkynyl groups, as well as for cyclic alkenyl or alkynyl groups.
- an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or an alkyl group or an alkenyl or alkynyl group which can contain 1 to 20 carbon atoms and in which individual H atoms or CH 2 groups are replaced by the above-mentioned groups can be substituted, preferably the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, neo-pentyl , cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, neo-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethy
- alkoxy group OR 1 with 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preference is given to methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, s- Pentoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-hexoxy, cyclohexyloxy, n-heptoxy, cycloheptyloxy, n-octyloxy, cyclooctyloxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, pentafluoroethoxy and 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy understood.
- a thioalkyl group SR 1 with 1 to 40 carbon atoms includes, in particular, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, i-propylthio, n-butylthio, i-butylthio, s-butylthio, t-butylthio, n-pentylthio, s-pentylthio, n-Hexylthio, cyclohexylthio, n-heptylthio, cycloheptylthio, n-octylthio, cyclo-octylthio, 2-ethylhexylthio, trifluoromethylthio, pentafluoroethylthio, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio, ethenylthio, propenylthio, butenylthio, pentenylthio, cyclopen
- alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl groups may be straight chain, branched or cyclic, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by the above groups;
- one or more H atoms can also be replaced by D, F, CI, Br, I, CN or NO2, preferably F, CI or CN, particularly preferably F or CN.
- An aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 - 40 aromatic ring atoms which can also be substituted with the above-mentioned radicals R 1 or a hydrocarbon radical and which can be linked via any position on the aromatic or heteroaromatic,
- groups are understood that are derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, Biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, triphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis- or trans-lndenofluorene, cis- or trans-lndenocarbazole, cis-
- the formulation that two or more radicals can form a ring system together is intended to mean, among other things, that the two radicals are linked to one another by a chemical bond with the formal elimination of two hydrogen atoms. This is illustrated by the following diagram:
- Further objects of the invention include a method for producing the organic electroluminescent devices and mixtures containing at least one compound of the formula (1) and at least one compound of the formula (2) or the formula (3) or the formula (4) or the formula (5 ) and special material combinations.
- the corresponding preferred embodiments, as described below, are also the subject of the present invention.
- the surprising and advantageous effects are achieved by specific selection of the compounds of formula (1) and the compounds of formula (2) or formula (3) or formula (4) or formula (5).
- the organic electronic device is, for example, an organic integrated circuit (OIC), an organic field effect transistor (OFET), an organic thin film transistor (OTFT), an organic solar cell (OSC), an organic optical detector, an organic photoreceptor, etc organic light-emitting transistor ( ⁇ LET), an organic field quench device (OFQD), an organic light-emitting electrochemical cell (OLEC, LEO, LEEC), an organic laser diode (O-laser), or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).
- OIC organic integrated circuit
- OFET organic field effect transistor
- OFT organic thin film transistor
- OFT organic solar cell
- OSC organic optical detector
- ⁇ LET organic photoreceptor
- OFQD organic field quench device
- OLED organic light-emitting electrochemical cell
- O-laser organic laser diode
- OLED organic light-emitting diode
- the electronic device is preferably an electroluminescent device or, synonymously, a light-emitting device.
- the organic electroluminescence device is, for example, an organic light-emitting transistor ( ⁇ LET), an organic field quench device (OFQD), an organic light-emitting electrochemical cell (OLEC, LEC, LEEC), an organic laser diode (O-laser) or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).
- ⁇ LET organic light-emitting transistor
- OFQD organic field quench device
- OLED organic light-emitting electrochemical cell
- O-laser organic laser diode
- OLED organic light-emitting diode
- the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention is in particular an organic light-emitting diode or an organic light-emitting electrochemical cell.
- the device according to the invention is particularly preferably an OLED.
- the organic layer of the device according to the invention which contains the material combination of at least one compound of formula (1) and at least one compound of formula (2) or formula (3) or formula (4) or formula (5), as described above or described below, preferably contains as an organic layer a light-emitting layer (EML), a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an electron transport layer (ETL), an electron injection layer (EIL) and / or a hole blocking layer (HBL).
- EML light-emitting layer
- HIL hole injection layer
- HTL hole transport layer
- ETL electron transport layer
- EIL electron injection layer
- HBL hole blocking layer
- the device according to the invention can also contain several layers from this group selected from EML, HIL, HTL, ETL, EIL and HBL.
- the device can also contain inorganic materials or layers that are made up entirely of inorganic materials.
- the organic layer containing at least one compound of formula (1) and at least one compound of formula (2) or formula (3) or formula (4) or formula (5) is a light-emitting phosphorescent layer, which is characterized in that, in addition to the material combination of the compounds of formula (1) and formula (2) or formula (3) or formula (4) or formula (5), as described above, it contains at least one phosphorescent emitter contains. A suitable selection of emitters and preferred emitters are described below.
- a phosphorescent emitter in the sense of the present invention is a compound that shows luminescence from an excited state with a higher spin multiplicity, i.e. a spin state > 1, in particular from an excited one Triplet state.
- a spin state > 1 in particular from an excited one Triplet state.
- all luminescent complexes with transition metals or lanthanides should be viewed as phosphorescent emitters. A more precise definition is provided below.
- the materials of the organic layer comprise at least one compound of the formula (1), as described above or preferably described below, and at least one compound of the formula (2) or the formula (3) or the formula (4) or the formula (5 ), as described above or described below, is used in the light-emitting layer as a host or matrix material for a phosphorescent emitter, it is preferred if its triplet energy is greater than or equal to but not significantly smaller than the triplet energy of the phosphorescent emitter.
- the triplet level Ti (emitter) - Ti (matrix) is preferably ⁇ 0.2 eV, particularly preferably ⁇ 0.15 eV, very particularly preferably ⁇ 0.1 eV.
- Ti is the triplet level of the host material in the emission layer, this condition applying to each of the two host materials
- Ti (emitter) is the triplet level of the phosphorescent emitter. If the emission layer contains more than two matrix materials, the above-mentioned relationship preferably also applies to any additional matrix material.
- the composition consists of a compound of formula (1) in combination with a compound of formula (2) or formula (3) or formula (4) or formula (5).
- the material of formula (1) and its preferred embodiments, which is/are contained in the device according to the invention, are described below.
- the preferred embodiments of material 1 of formula (1) also apply to the mixture according to the invention and/or a formulation.
- At least two Xs represent N and the third X represents CR C ; in a particularly preferred embodiment of formula (1a), all three ), particularly preferably represents the formula (1b) or (1c), in particular represents the formula (1b).
- R c in formulas (1c) or (1d) represents H or D.
- the index I, m and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, particularly preferably 0 or 1, in particular the sum of the indices m+n+l is equal to 0 or 1.
- the group R* in the formulas (1-1a) to (1-1t) preferably represents the formulas (1b), (1c) or (1d), particularly preferably formula (1b).
- Preferred embodiments are the following compounds of the formulas (1-1a) to (1-1t),
- Ar a and Ar b are identical or different in each occurrence for an aromatic ring system with 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, particularly preferably for an aromatic ring system with 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals, in particular for an aromatic ring system with 6 to 14 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 14 aromatic ring atoms.
- radicals Ar a and Ar b of the compounds of formula (1) are different.
- Particularly suitable compounds of formula (1) which are preferably used in combination with at least one compound of formula (2) or formula (3) or formula (4) or formula (5) in the electroluminescent device according to the invention, are: Connections E1 to E15.
- Preferred compounds of the formula (2) or the formula (3) are compounds of the formulas (2-1) to (2-4) or (3-1) to (3-4), particularly preferred are compounds of the formulas ( 2-2) and (2-4) or (3-2) and (3-4), in particular compounds of the formulas (2-2) and (2-4), where the symbols used have the meanings mentioned above,
- L x1 in the formulas (2-1), (2-3), (3-1) and (3-3) an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic one Ring system with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms means that can be substituted with one or more radicals R 1 , where o1 is the same for each occurrence independently of one another or are different 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, p1 is independently the same or different 0, 1, 2 or 3 on each occurrence.
- the sum of the indices a+b and/or the sum of the indices c+d is independent each other equal to 1, very particularly preferably the sum of the indices a+b and the sum of the indices c+d are each independently equal to 1.
- the indices o1 and p1 stand for each occurrence, the same or different, independently of one another, for 0, 1 or 2, particularly preferably for 0 or 1, in particular all indices are the same 0.
- o and z are the same or different each time they occur, independently of one another, 0, 1 or 2, particularly preferably 0 or 1, in particular equal to 0.
- p is preferably 0 or 1, in particular 0.
- Re , R f and R g represents D
- o and z are preferably equal to 4 and p is preferably equal to 2.
- At least one of the carbazoles is linked to the second carbazole via the 3-position.
- the respective substituent Re , R f , R g and R h are preferably selected the same or differently each time they occur from the group consisting of D, F, an alkyl group with 1 to 10 C atoms or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R 1 .
- the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms in them The radicals R e , R f , R g and R h are preferably derived from benzene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, 9-phenylcarbazole, biphenyl and terphenyl, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R 1 .
- the preferred position of the substituents is position 1, 2, 3 or 4 or the combinations of positions 1 and 4 and 1 and 3, particularly preferably 1 and 3, 2 or 3, very particularly preferably 3, where Re , R f , R g and R h have one of the preferred meanings given above and o, o1, p, p1 and z are each independently greater than 0.
- Particularly preferred substituents R e , R f , R g and R h are carbazol-9-yl, biphenyl, terphenyl, triphenylenyl and dibenzofuranyl.
- Ar' in N(Ar')2 is preferably derived from benzene, dibenzofuran, fluorene, spirobiflurene, dibenzothiophene, 9-phenylcarbazole, biphenyl and terphenyl, which may be substituted with one or more substituents R1 or combinations of these groups. Ar' is preferably unsubstituted here.
- Ar 0 * and Ar d * are each independently preferably an aromatic ring system with 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of dibenzofuran , dibenzothiophene, carbazole, triphenyleno[1,2-bcd]thiophene, substituted naphto[1,2,3,4,def]carbazole, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, indolo[3,2, 1-jk]carbazole, biscarbazole, benzcarbazole, Indenocarbazole, indolocarbazole, benzofurocarbazole, benzothioenocarbazole, each of which can be substituted with one or more radicals R d , whereby, independently of one another, a radical R f or a radical R e with a radical Arc * or a radical R g or a radical R h with a
- Formula (6a) Formula (6b) Ar c * and Ar d * are particularly preferably derived from benzene, dibenzofuran, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dibenzothiophene, 9-phenylcarbazole, biphenyl, naphthyl, triphenylene and terphenyl, which can be substituted with one or more substituents R d or combinations of these groups, where R d has the meaning given above.
- Ar c * and Ar d * represent a heteroaryl group which can be substituted with one or more of the substituents R d , electron-rich ring systems are particularly preferred, the heteroaryl group optionally substituted by R d preferably containing only one N atom in its entirety or the heteroaryl group optionally substituted by R d contains one or more O and/or S atoms in its entirety.
- Ar c and Ar d are each independently preferably an aromatic ring system with 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R d .
- Ar c and Ar d are preferably derived from benzene, dibenzofuran, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dibenzothiophene, 9-phenylcarbazole, biphenyl, naphthyl, triphenylenyl and terphenyl, which may be substituted with one or more substituents R d or combinations of these groups, where R d has the meaning given above.
- Ar c and Ar d represent a heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which can be substituted with one or more of the substituents R d , electron-rich ring systems are particularly preferred, with the ring system optionally substituted by R d preferably in its entirety contains only one N atom or the ring system, optionally substituted by R d , contains one or more O and/or S atoms as a whole.
- the linker is L x or L x1 , provided it is not a single bond is, preferably selected from the linkers L-2.1 to L-2.33,
- the linkers L-2.1 to L-2.33 are preferably unsubstituted, whereby the H atoms can be wholly or partially replaced by D or can be substituted by a phenyl.
- Preferred linkers for L x or L x1 are selected from the structures L-2.1 to L-2.33, in which W has the meaning O, S or NAr', particularly preferably O or NAr'.
- Preferred embodiments of the formulas (2-1) and (2-2) or (3-1) and (3-2) or the formula (4) are the compounds of the formulas (2-1-1) to (2 -1-3), (3-1-1) to (3-1-3), (2-2-1) to (2-2-16), (3-2-1) to (3-2 -4) and (4-1) to (4-6), particularly preferred are compounds of the formulas (2-1-1), (2-1-3), (2-2-3), (2-2 -4), (2-2-15), (2-2-16), (4-2) and (4-4), in particular compounds of the formulas (2-2-4), (4-2) and (4-4).
- the H atoms can also be completely or partially replaced by deuterium.
- the compounds are particularly preferably completely or partially deuterated, in particular completely deuterated.
- Preferred embodiments of the formulas (2-3) and (2-4) or (3-3) and (3-4) are the compounds of the formulas (2-3-1) to (2-3-5), ( 3-3-1) to (3-3-3), (2-4-1) to (2-4-5) and (3-4-1) to (3-4-2) are particularly preferred Compounds of the formulas (2-3-5), (2-4-1), (2-4-2) (2-4-3), (2-4-4) (2-4-5) and ( 3-4-1), in particular compounds of the formulas (2-4-1) and (2-4-2).
- the H atoms can also be completely or partially replaced by deuterium.
- the compounds are particularly preferably completely or partially deuterated, in particular completely deuterated. where the symbols used have the meanings given above.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are independently selected from the following groups R2-1 to R2-222 of Table 3.
- the substituents R2-1 to R2-221 are preferably partially deuterated or completely deuterated.
- Y is O or C(R k )2 and the substituents R' and R j are H, D or phenyl, particularly preferably H or D, in particular D.
- the indices q and R are preferably 0 or 1 in the case that R h and/or R' is a phenyl group and preferably q is 3 and r is 4 in the case that R h and/or R' are D.
- a further subject of the invention is an organic electronic device containing an organic layer, containing the compositions containing at least one compound of the formula (1) and at least one compound of the formula (2) or the formula (3) or the formula (4) or the Formula (5), where the following applies to the symbols and indices used:
- R* is a group of the following formula (1a)
- X is the same or different as N or CR C , provided that at least one group Ar a , Ar b are each independently of one another in each occurrence, the same or different, an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ;
- Ar c , Ar d are each independently identical or different in each occurrence of an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R d ;
- Ar c *, Ar d * are each independently of each other, the same or different in each occurrence, an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more radicals R d or a heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene , carbazole, triphenyleno[1,2-bcd]thiophene, substituted naphto[1,2,3,4,def]carbazole, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, indolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole, biscarbazole, benzcarbazole, indenocarbazole, Indolocarbazole, benzofurocarbazole, benzothioenocarbazole, dihydroacridine, dihydrophenazine, dibenzodioxin, thianthrene, phenoxathiine, each of which can be substituted by one or more radical
- Formula (6a) Formula (6b) Y is selected the same or differently for each occurrence from O, S or C(R k ) 2 ;
- Ar' is, identically or differently, an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ;
- R 2 is identical or different D, F, CN or an aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic organic radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more H atoms can also be replaced by D or F; two or more substituents R 2 can be linked together and form a ring;
- R 3 is the same or different in each occurrence as D, CN or an aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic organic radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms; two or more substituents R 3 can be linked together and form a ring;
- I, m, p, q are independently the same or different 0, 1, 2 or 3 on each occurrence; n, o, r, z, are independently the same or different 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 on each occurrence; y is 0 or 1 on every occurrence.
- the composition is preferably contained in the emission layer, in particular as a host material in the emission layer together with a phosphorescent emitter.
- the statements regarding the materials of the formulas (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) as well as their preferred embodiments apply accordingly to the composition and to the organic electronic device containing this composition.
- compositions of the materials of the formula (1) with the materials of the formula (2) or the formula (3) or the formula (4) or the formula (5) for the device according to the invention are obtained by combining the compounds E1 to E18 H1 to H33 as shown in Table 5 below.
- the concentration of the electron-transporting host material of the formula (1), as described above or preferably described, in the composition according to the invention or in the light-emitting layer of the device according to the invention is in the range of 5% by weight to 90% by weight, preferably in the range from 10% by weight to 85% by weight, more preferably in the range from 20% by weight to 85% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 30% by weight to 80% by weight. %, very particularly preferably in the range from 20% by weight to 60% by weight and most preferably in the range from 30% by weight to 50% by weight, based on the entire mixture or based on the entire composition light emitting layer.
- the concentration of the hole-transporting host material of the formula (2) or the formula (3) or the formula (4) or the formula (5), as described above or described as preferred, is in the mixture according to the invention or in the light-emitting layer of the device according to the invention in the range of 10% by weight to 95% by weight, preferably in the range of 15% by weight to 90% by weight, more preferably in the range of 15% by weight to 80% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 20% by weight to 70% by weight, most preferably in the range from 40% by weight to 80% by weight and most preferably in the range from 50% by weight to 70% by weight. %, based on the entire mixture or based on the entire composition of the light-emitting layer.
- the present invention also relates to a mixture which, in addition to the above-mentioned host materials, has the formula (1) and the formula (2) or the formula (3) or the formula (4) or the formula (5), as described or preferred described, in particular mixtures M1 to M594, contains at least one phosphorescent emitter.
- the present invention also relates to an organic electroluminescent device as described above or preferably described, wherein the light-emitting layer in addition to the above-mentioned host materials of formula (1) and formula (2) or formula (3) or formula (4) or the formula (5), as described above or preferably described, in particular the material combinations M1 to M594, contains at least one phosphorescent emitter.
- the concentration of the phosphorescent emitter, as described below or as preferred, in the mixture according to the invention or in the light-emitting layer of the device according to the invention is in the range from 1% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably in the range from 2% by weight. % to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range of 4% by weight to 15% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 8% by weight to 12% by weight, based on the total mixture or based on the entire composition of the light-emitting layer.
- the term phosphorescent emitters typically includes compounds in which the light emission occurs through a spin-forbidden transition from an excited state with a higher spin multiplicity, i.e. a spin state > 1, for example through a transition from a triplet state or a state with a even higher spin quantum number, for example a quintet state. A transition from a triplet state is preferably understood here.
- Particularly suitable phosphorescent emitters are compounds which, when stimulated appropriately, emit light, preferably in the visible range, and also contain at least one atom with an atomic number greater than 20, preferably greater than 38 and less than 84, particularly preferably greater than 56 and less than 80, especially a metal with this atomic number.
- Compounds which contain copper, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold or europium are preferably used as phosphorescence emitters, in particular compounds which contain iridium or platinum.
- all luminescent compounds containing the above-mentioned metals are considered phosphorescent emitters.
- all phosphorescent complexes such as those used in the prior art for phosphorescent OLEDs and those known to those skilled in the art in the field of organic electroluminescence devices are suitable.
- Examples of the emitters described above can be found in the applications WO 00/70655, WO 2001/41512, WO 2002/02714, WO 2002/15645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612, EP 1191614, WO 05/033244, WO 05/019373, US 20 05/ 0258742, WO 2009/146770, WO 2010/015307, WO 2010/031485, WO 2010/054731, WO 2010/054728, WO 2010/086089, WO 2010/099852, WO 2010/1 02709, WO 2011/032626, WO 2011/ 066898, WO 2011/157339, WO 2012/007086, WO 2014/008982, WO 2014/023377, WO 2014/094961, WO 2014/094960, WO 2015/036074, WO 2015/10 4045, WO 2015/117718, WO 2016/ 015815, WO 2016/124304, WO 2017/03
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters according to the present invention correspond to compounds of the formula (Illa),
- X is N or CR
- R is H, D, ON, F, or a branched or linear alkyl group with 1 to 10
- a further subject of the invention is therefore an organic electroluminescent device, as described above or preferably described, characterized in that the light-emitting layer contains, in addition to the host materials 1 and 2, at least one phosphorescent emitter which corresponds to the formula (Illa), as described above.
- n is preferably 1 and m is preferably 2.
- one X is preferably selected from N and the other Xs are GR or all Xs are CR.
- At least one R is preferably different from H or two R are different from H and have one of the meanings otherwise given previously for the emitters of the formula (Illa).
- the compounds of the formula (Illa) are partially or completely deuterated.
- Ri is H or D
- R2 is H, D or a branched or linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a partially or fully deuterated branched or linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group with 4 to 10 carbon atoms Atoms that can be partially or completely substituted with deuterium.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters according to the present invention correspond to the formulas (IV), (V) or (VI), where the symbols and indices for these formulas (IV), (V) and (VI) have the meaning:
- Ri is H or D
- R2 is H, D, F or a branched or linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a partially or fully deuterated branched or linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group with 4 to 10 Carbon atoms, which can be partially or completely substituted with deuterium.
- Preferred examples of phosphorescent emitters are listed in Table 6 below.
- the light-emitting layer in the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention containing at least one phosphorescent emitter is preferably an infrared-emitting, yellow, orange, red, green, blue or ultraviolet-emitting layer, particularly preferably a yellow or green or red-emitting layer and entirely particularly preferably a green or red emitting layer, in particular a green emitting layer.
- a yellow-emitting layer is understood to mean a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 540 to 570 nm.
- An orange-emitting layer is understood to mean a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 570 to 600 nm.
- a red-emitting layer is understood to be a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 600 to 750 nm.
- Under a green Emitting layer is understood to mean a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 490 to 540 nm.
- a blue-emitting layer is understood to be a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 440 to 490 nm.
- the photoluminescence maximum of the layer is determined by measuring the photoluminescence spectrum of the layer with a layer thickness of 50 nm at room temperature, the layer containing the inventive combination of the host materials of the formulas (1) and (2) or the formulas (1) and (3) or of formulas (1) and (4) or formulas (1) and (5) and the corresponding emitter.
- the photoluminescence spectrum of the layer is recorded, for example, with a commercially available photoluminescence spectrometer.
- the photoluminescence spectrum of the selected emitter is usually measured in an oxygen-free solution, 10' 5 molar, the measurement being carried out at room temperature and any solvent in which the selected emitter dissolves in the stated concentration is suitable. Particularly suitable solvents are usually toluene or 2-methyl-THF, but also dichloromethane. Measurements are made using a commercially available photoluminescence spectrometer.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters are therefore infrared emitters, preferably of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VI) or from Table 6, whose triplet energy Ti is preferably ⁇ 1.9 eV to -1.0 eV.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters are therefore red emitters, preferably of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VI) or from Table 6, whose triplet energy Ti is preferably -2.1 eV to -1.9 eV.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters are therefore yellow emitters, preferably of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VI) or from Table 6, whose triplet energy Ti is preferably -2.3 eV to -2.1 eV.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters are therefore green emitters, preferably of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VI) or from Table 6, whose triplet energy Ti is preferably ⁇ 2.5 eV to ⁇ 2.3 eV.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters are therefore blue emitters, preferably of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VI) or from Table 6, whose triplet energy Ti is preferably ⁇ 3.1 eV to ⁇ 2.5 eV.
- Particularly preferred phosphorescent emitters are therefore green or yellow emitters, preferably of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VI) or from Table 6, as described above.
- Very particularly preferred phosphorescent emitters are therefore green emitters, preferably of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VI) or from Table 6, whose triplet energy Ti is preferably ⁇ 2.5 eV to ⁇ 2.3 eV.
- Green emitters preferably of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VI) or from Table 6, as described above, are very particularly preferably selected for the composition according to the invention or the emitting layer according to the invention.
- Fluorescent emitters can also be contained in the light-emitting layer of the device according to the invention.
- Preferred fluorescent emitters are selected from the class of arylamines.
- an arylamine or an aromatic amine is understood to mean a compound which contains three substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems bound directly to the nitrogen. At least one of these aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems is preferably a fused ring system, particularly preferably with at least 14 ring atoms.
- Preferred examples of this are aromatic anthracene amines, aromatic anthracene diamines, aromatic pyrene amines, aromatic pyrene diamines, aromatic chrysene amines or aromatic chrysene diamines.
- aromatic anthracenamine is understood to mean a compound in which a diarylamino group is bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9-position.
- aromatic anthracene diamine is understood to mean a compound in which two diarylamino groups are bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9,10 position.
- Aromatic pyrenamines, pyrenediamines, chrysenamines and chrysenediamines are defined analogously, with the diarylamino groups on the pyrene preferably being bound in the 1-position or in the 1,6-position.
- fluorescent emitters are indenofluorenamines or -diamines, for example according to WO 2006/108497 or WO 2006/122630, benzoindenofluorenamines or -diamines, for example according to WO 2008/006449, and dibenzoindenofluorenamines or -diamines, for example according to WO 2007/140847, and the indenofluorene derivatives with fused aryl groups disclosed in WO 2010/012328.
- the at least one light-emitting layer of the organic electroluminescent device can comprise, in addition to the host materials 1 and 2, as previously described or described as preferred, further host materials or matrix materials, so-called mixed matrix systems.
- the mixed matrix systems preferably comprise three or four different matrix materials, particularly preferably three different matrix materials (that is, a further matrix component in addition to the host materials 1 and 2, as described above).
- Particularly suitable matrix materials which can be used in combination as a matrix component of a mixed matrix system, are selected from wide-band-gap materials, bipolar host materials, electron transport materials (ETM) and hole transport materials (HTM).
- Wide-band-gap material is understood here to mean a material in the sense of the disclosure of US 7,294,849, which is characterized by a band gap of at least 3.5 eV, where band gap is understood to be the distance between HOMO and LUMO energy of a material.
- the mixture contains, in addition to the components electron-transporting host material of the formula (1) and hole-transporting host material of the formula (2) or the formula (3) or the formula (4) or the formula (5), no other components means functional materials.
- these are material mixtures that are used as such to produce the light-emitting layer.
- These mixtures are also referred to as premix systems, which are used as the only material source when vapor deposition of the host materials for the light-emitting layer and which have a constant mixing ratio during vapor deposition. This makes it quick and easy to deposit a layer with even distribution of components, without the need for precise control of a large number of material sources.
- the mixture contains, in addition to the components, electron-transporting host material of the formula (1) and hole-transporting host material of the formula (2) or the formula
- this mixture can also be used as the sole source of material, as described above.
- the components or components of the light-emitting layer of the device according to the invention can thus be processed by vapor deposition or from solution.
- the material combination of the host materials 1 and 2, as previously described or preferably described, optionally with the phosphorescent emitter, as previously described or preferably described, are provided for this purpose in a formulation which contains at least one solvent.
- These formulations can be, for example, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. It may be preferred to use mixtures of two or more solvents for this purpose.
- a further subject of the present invention is therefore a formulation containing a mixture of host materials 1 and 2 according to the invention, as described above, optionally in combination with a phosphorescent emitter, as described above or preferably described, and at least one solvent.
- the formulation preferably contains at least one compound of formula (1) and one compound of formula (2) or formula (3) or formula
- Suitable and preferred solvents are, for example, toluene, anisole, o-, m- or p-xylene, methyl benzoate, mesitylene, tetralin, veratrol, THF, methyl-THF, THP, chlorobenzene, dioxane, phenoxytoluene, in particular 3-phenoxytoluene, (-) -Fenchone, 1, 2,3,5- tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylbenzothiazole, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-pyrrolidinone, 3-methylanisole, 4- Methylanisole, 3,4-dimethylanisole, 3,5-dimethylanisole, acetophenone, a-terpineol, benzothiazole, butyl benzoate, cumene, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene,
- the formulation can also contain at least one further organic or inorganic compound, which is also used in the light-emitting layer of the device according to the invention, in particular a further emitting compound and/or a further matrix material.
- the light-emitting layer in the device according to the invention according to the preferred embodiments and the emitting compound preferably contains between 99.9 and 1% by volume, more preferably between 99 and 10% by volume, particularly preferably between 98 and 60% by volume, very particularly preferably between 97 and 80% by volume of matrix material from at least one compound of formula (1) and at least one compound of formula (2) or formula (3) or formula (4) or formula (5) according to the preferred ones Embodiments based on the entire composition of emitter and matrix material.
- the light-emitting layer in the device according to the invention preferably contains between 0.1 and 99 vol.%, more preferably between 1 and 90 vol.%, particularly preferably between 2 and 40 vol.%, very particularly preferably between 3 and 20 vol. -% of the emitter based on the total composition of the light-emitting layer consisting of the emitter and matrix material. If the compounds are processed from solution, the corresponding amounts in% by weight are preferably used instead of the amounts in % by volume given above.
- the light-emitting layer in the device according to the invention according to the preferred embodiments and the emitting compound preferably contains the matrix material of formula (1) and the matrix material of formula (2) or formula (3) or formula (4) or formula (5) in a volume percentage ratio between 4:1 and 1:4, preferably between 1:3 and 1:1, particularly preferably between 1:2 and 1:1. If the compounds are processed from solution, the corresponding ratio in% by weight is preferably used instead of the above-mentioned ratio in % by volume.
- Preferred as hole transport materials are materials that can be used in a hole transport, hole injection or electron blocking layer, such as indenofluorenamine derivatives (e.g. according to WO 06/122630 or WO 06/100896), the amine derivatives disclosed in EP 1661888, hexaazatriphenylene derivatives ( e.g. according to WO 01/049806), amine derivatives with condensed aromatics (e.g. according to US 5,061,569), the amine derivatives disclosed in WO 95/09147, monobenzoindenofluorenamines (e.g. according to WO 08/006449), dibenzoindenofluorenamines (e.g. according to WO 07/140847), dihydroacridine derivatives (e.g. WO 2012/150001).
- indenofluorenamine derivatives e.g. according to WO 06/122630 or WO 06/100896
- the amine derivatives disclosed in EP 1661888 e.g.
- the sequence of layers in the organic electroluminescence device according to the invention is preferably the following:
- This sequence of layers is a preferred sequence.
- the organic electroluminescence device can contain multiple emitting layers.
- at least one of the emitting layers is the organic layer according to the invention containing at least one compound of the formula (1) as host material 1 and at least one compound of the formula (2) or the formula (3) or the formula (4) or the formula (5) as host material 2, as described previously.
- these emission layers particularly preferably have a total of several emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm, so that overall white emission results, that is to say various emitting compounds are used in the emitting layers which can fluoresce or phosphorescent and which have blue or yellow or orange or emit red light.
- Particularly preferred are three-layer systems, i.e.
- Suitable charge transport materials such as those which can be used in the hole injection or hole transport layer or electron blocking layer or in the electron transport layer of the organic electroluminescence device according to the invention, are, for example, those in Y. Shirota et al., Chem. Rev. 2007, 107 (4), 953 -1010 disclosed compounds or other materials used in these layers according to the prior art.
- Aluminum complexes for example Alqs, zirconium complexes, for example Zrq4, benzimidazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, quinoline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, aromatic ketones, lactams, boranes, diazaphosphole derivatives and phosphine oxide derivatives are particularly suitable.
- Other suitable materials are derivatives of the above-mentioned compounds, as disclosed in JP 2000/053957, WO 2003/060956, WO 2004/028217, WO 2004/080975 and WO 2010/072300.
- Metals with a low work function metal alloys or multilayer structures made of various metals, such as alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, main group metals or lanthanoids (e.g. Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, In, Mg, Yb, Sm, Etc.). Alloys made of an alkali or alkaline earth metal and silver, for example an alloy of magnesium and silver, are also suitable.
- other metals can also be used that have a relatively high work function, such as.
- B. Ag or Al in which case combinations of metals such as Ca/Ag, Mg/Ag or Ba/Ag are generally used.
- a thin intermediate layer of a material between a metallic cathode and the organic semiconductor may also be preferred to have a thin intermediate layer of a material between a metallic cathode and the organic semiconductor to introduce a high dielectric constant.
- a material between a metallic cathode and the organic semiconductor may also be preferred to have a thin intermediate layer of a material between a metallic cathode and the organic semiconductor to introduce a high dielectric constant.
- alkali metal or alkaline earth metal fluorides but also the corresponding oxides or carbonates come into question (e.g. LiF, U2O, BaF2, MgO, NaF, CsF, CS2CO3, etc.).
- Lithium quinolinate (LiQ) can also be used for this purpose.
- the thickness of this layer is preferably between 0.5 and 5 nm.
- the anode preferably has a work function greater than 4.5 eV vs. vacuum.
- metals with a high redox potential are suitable for this, such as Ag, Pt or Au.
- metal/metal oxide electrodes e.g. Al/Ni/NiO x , Al/PtO x
- at least one of the electrodes must be transparent or partially transparent to enable either the irradiation of the organic material (organic solar cell) or the extraction of light (OLED, O-LASER).
- Preferred anode materials here are conductive mixed metal oxides.
- ITO Indium-tin oxide
- IZO indium-zinc oxide
- the anode can also consist of several layers, for example an inner layer made of ITO and an outer layer made of a metal oxide, preferably tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide or anadium oxide.
- the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention is structured accordingly (depending on the application), contacted and finally sealed during production, since the service life of the devices according to the invention is shortened in the presence of water and/or air.
- the production of the device according to the invention is not restricted here. It is possible for one or more organic layers, including the light-emitting layer, to be coated using a sublimation process.
- the materials are vapor-deposited in vacuum sublimation systems at an initial pressure of less than 10' 5 mbar, preferably less than 10' 6 mbar. However, it is also possible for the initial pressure to be even lower, for example less than 10'7 mbar.
- the organic electroluminescence device according to the invention is preferably characterized in that one or more layers are formed using the OVPD (Organic Vapor Phase Deposition) process or with the aid of a Carrier gas sublimation can be coated.
- the materials are applied at a pressure between 10' 5 mbar and 1 bar.
- OVJP Organic Vapor Jet Printing
- the materials are applied directly through a nozzle and structured in this way (e.g. BMS Arnold et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 053301).
- the organic electroluminescence device according to the invention is preferably characterized in that one or more organic layers containing the composition according to the invention are prepared from solution, such as. B. by spin coating, or with any printing process, such as. B. screen printing, flexographic printing, nozzle printing or offset printing, but particularly preferably LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing) or ink-jet printing.
- LITI Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing
- Processing from solution has the advantage that, for example, the light-emitting layer can be applied very easily and cost-effectively. This technique is particularly suitable for mass production of organic electroluminescent devices.
- hybrid processes are possible in which, for example, one or more layers are applied from solution and one or more further layers are vapor deposited.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore a method for producing the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention, as described above or preferably described, characterized in that the light-emitting layer is formed by vapor deposition, in particular with a sublimation process and/or with an OVPD (Organic Vapor Phase Deposition). Method and / or with the help of a carrier gas sublimation, or from solution, in particular by spin coating or with a printing process.
- OVPD Organic Vapor Phase Deposition
- the materials used can each be in one material source and finally evaporated from the various material sources (“co-evaporation”).
- the various materials can be premixed (“premixed”, premix systems) and the mixture can be placed in a single material source from which it is finally evaporated (“premix evaporation”). This makes it possible to achieve vapor deposition of the light-emitting layer with a uniform distribution of the components in a simple and quick manner, without the need for precise control of a large number of material sources.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore a method for producing the device according to the invention, characterized in that the at least one compound of the formula (1), as described above or described as preferred, and the at least one compound of the formula (2) or the formula (3) or the formula (4) or the formula (5), as described above or as preferred, successively or simultaneously from at least two material sources, optionally with the at least one phosphorescent emitter, as described above or preferably described, from the gas phase are deposited and form the light-emitting layer.
- the light emitting layer is applied via vapor deposition, where the components of the composition are premixed and evaporated from a single source of material.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore a method for producing the device according to the invention, characterized in that the at least one compound of the formula (1) and the at least one compound of the formula (2) or the formula (3) or the formula (4) or the formula (5) as a mixture, successively or simultaneously with the at least one phosphorescent emitter, are deposited from the gas phase and form the light-emitting layer.
- a further subject of the invention is a method for producing the device according to the invention, as described above or preferably described, characterized in that the at least one compound of the formula (1) and the at least one compound of the formula (2) or the formula (3) or formula (4) or formula (5) as previously described or preferred described, together with the at least one phosphorescent emitter, are applied from solution to form the organic layer, preferably this is the light-emitting layer.
- examples V1 to V6 and Ex1 to Ex23 show the use of the material combinations according to the invention in OLEDs.
- Pretreatment for examples V1 to Ex23 Glass platelets that are coated with structured ITO (indium tin oxide) with a thickness of 50 nm are first treated with an oxygen plasma, followed by an argon plasma, before coating. These plasma-treated glass plates form the substrates onto which the OLEDs are applied.
- structured ITO indium tin oxide
- the OLEDs basically have the following layer structure: substrate / hole injection layer (HIL) / hole transport layer (HTL) / electron blocking layer (EBL) / emission layer (EML) / optional hole blocking layer (HBL) / electron transport layer (ETL) / optional electron injection layer (EIL) and finally a cathode.
- the cathode is formed by a 100 nm thick aluminum layer.
- the exact structure of the OLEDs can be found in Table 7.
- the materials required to produce the OLEDs are shown in Table 9.
- the device data of the OLEDs are listed in Table 8.
- Examples V1-V6 are comparative examples with an electron-transporting and hole-transporting host according to the prior art shown in Table 9.
- Examples Ex1 to Ex23 show data from OLEDs according to the invention.
- the emission layer always consists of at least one matrix material (host material, host material), in the sense of the invention at least two matrix materials and an emitting dopant (dopant, emitter), which is mixed into the matrix material or materials by co-evaporation in a certain volume fraction.
- E-C:SdT2:TEG2 32%:61%:7%
- E-C in a volume fraction of 32%
- TEG2 in a fraction of 7%
- the electron transport layer can also consist of a mixture of two materials.
- the electroluminescence spectra are determined at a luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 and the CIE 1931 x and y color coordinates are calculated from this.
- the information U10 in Table 8 indicates the voltage required for a current density of 10 mA/cm 2 .
- EQE10 denotes the external quantum efficiency achieved at 10 mA/cm 2 .
- the lifespan LD is defined as the time after which the luminance, measured in cd/m 2 in the forward direction, drops from the starting luminance to a certain proportion L1 when operating with a constant current density jo.
- the materials according to the invention are used in examples Ex1 to Ex23 as matrix materials in the emission layer of green phosphorescent OLEDs.
- the materials E-A, E-B, E-C and E-D are used in combination with the host materials SdT1, SdT2 and SdT3 in the comparative examples V1 to V6.
- the examples according to the invention each show a clear advantage in the lifespan of the OLED with otherwise comparable performance data of the OLED.
- Table 7 Table 8: Data of the OLEDs
- 19-azapentacyclo[14.2.1.05, 1 8.06, 11 .0 12 , 1 7]nonadeca-1(18),2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16- nonaene (12.15 g) are in tetrahydrofuran (120 ml) and cooled to -5 ° C. The mixture is then cooled and 24.5 mL of n-hexyllithium (33% 2.47 mol/L in hexane) is added and the mixture is stirred at -5°C for 1 hour. A solution of 2- ⁇ [1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl ⁇ - is then added.
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