WO2022269819A1 - 制御装置 - Google Patents
制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022269819A1 WO2022269819A1 PCT/JP2021/023835 JP2021023835W WO2022269819A1 WO 2022269819 A1 WO2022269819 A1 WO 2022269819A1 JP 2021023835 W JP2021023835 W JP 2021023835W WO 2022269819 A1 WO2022269819 A1 WO 2022269819A1
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- Prior art keywords
- thrust
- temperature
- actuator
- control device
- speed
- Prior art date
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010729 system oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
- G01L5/0038—Force sensors associated with force applying means applying a pushing force
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/416—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37431—Temperature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device.
- Abutment is a method of positioning a member by placing a reference member, moving the member to be positioned, and stopping the member when it comes into contact with the reference member.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a machine tool having a variable-speed motor for driving a movable part and a control mechanism for controlling the rotation of the variable-speed motor.
- Detecting means for detecting an excessive current flowing through the variable speed motor and emitting a position signal when the moving part abuts against the stopper, and a predetermined position is stored based on the signal from the detecting means, and the movable part has reached the predetermined position.
- a position register for issuing a stop signal to a control mechanism based on said memory to stop the variable speed motor.
- the load pressure of the cylinder changes depending on the temperature of the working fluid.
- the load pressure is high because the viscosity is high.
- the load pressure is low because the viscosity is low. Therefore, when the stopper contact is determined based on the increase in the load pressure, when the temperature of the working fluid is low, there is a possibility that the increase in the load pressure before the stopper contact is erroneously determined as the stopper contact.
- the temperature of the working fluid is high, it is not preferable to set the load pressure for judging the contact with the stopper unnecessarily high.
- a control device is a control device for a machine, and includes an actuator that generates a thrust force, a thrust detection unit that detects the thrust force of the actuator, a temperature acquisition unit that acquires a temperature, and a temperature monotonic a threshold calculation unit that calculates a decreasing threshold; and a collision detection unit that compares the thrust of the actuator with the threshold and detects collision of a member driven by the thrust of the actuator when the thrust exceeds the threshold.
- a control device is a control device for a machine, and includes an actuator that generates thrust, a temperature acquisition unit that acquires temperature, and a thrust limit value that calculates a thrust limit value that monotonically decreases with respect to temperature.
- a calculator a thrust limiter that limits the thrust of the actuator with the thrust limit value as the upper limit, a speed detector that detects the speed of the member driven by the thrust of the actuator, and a collision that is detected when the member stops. and a bump detection unit.
- abutment can be detected in response to changes in environmental temperature.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a control device of the first disclosure
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a threshold value and detected temperature. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a threshold value and detected temperature.
- 4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the control device of the first disclosure
- Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a control device of the second disclosure
- 4 is a graph showing the relationship between thrust limit value and detected temperature.
- 4 is a graph showing the relationship between thrust limit value and detected temperature.
- 8 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the control device of the second disclosure; It is a figure explaining the example which applied the collision detection of this indication to the injection molding machine. It is a figure explaining the example which applied the collision detection of this indication to the grinding machine. It is a figure explaining the hardware constitutions of a control apparatus.
- the control device 100 of the first disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the control device 100 is connected to or integrated with the machine, and includes a servo motor, which is a kind of actuator for controlling the machine.
- Machines to be controlled include, but are not limited to, lathes, drilling machines, boring machines, milling machines, grinding machines, machining centers, electrical discharge machines, injection molding machines, and the like.
- the control device 100 of the present disclosure controls actuators.
- a control object of the control device is a machine with an actuator.
- Actuators include, but are not limited to, servo motors, stepping motors, and linear motors powered by electricity, hydraulic cylinders and motors powered by hydraulic pressure, and pneumatic cylinders and motors operated by high-pressure air.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the control device 100 that detects the abutment of the table 20.
- the control device 100 includes a speed command generation unit 10, a speed detection unit 11, a speed control unit 12, a thrust control unit 13, an actuator 14, a thrust (current) detection unit 15, a collision detection unit 16, a temperature acquisition unit 17, and a temperature monitor.
- a unit 18 and a threshold calculation unit 19 are provided.
- the speed command generator 10 outputs a speed command signal for the table 20.
- a speed detector 11 detects the speed of the table 20 .
- the speed control unit 12 outputs a thrust command to the thrust control unit 13 so that the speed of the table 20 follows the speed command.
- the thrust controller 13 causes the thrust of the actuator to follow the thrust command. For example, if the actuator 14 is a servomotor, the thrust controller 13 supplies current to the actuator 14 .
- Actuator 14 drives the screw feed mechanism. The thrust of the screw feed mechanism moves the table 20 at a predetermined speed.
- the control device 100 moves the table 20 in the direction of the stopper 21 .
- the table 20 stops.
- the thrust (current) of the actuator 14 increases.
- a thrust (current) detection unit 15 detects an increase in thrust.
- the collision detection unit 16 compares the increased thrust with a threshold, and outputs a signal to the speed command generation unit 10 to stop the table 20 when the thrust of the actuator 14 exceeds the threshold. This completes the butting.
- the temperature acquisition unit 17 acquires the detected temperature T from the machine itself or a temperature sensor external to the machine.
- the detected temperature T is acquired using a temperature sensor provided in advance in the machine, so there is no need to provide a new temperature sensor.
- a new temperature sensor may be provided for collision detection.
- Existing temperature sensors include the following. (1) Factory thermometer. Thermometers are installed in factories that handle precision machinery and food. In some cases, thermometers are installed to maintain the safety and health of workers.
- the temperature acquisition unit 17 acquires the detected temperature T from an existing thermometer provided outside the machine.
- (3) Hydraulic system oil temperature gauge Temperature sensors are commonly provided to monitor overheating of the hydraulic fluid.
- Control panel temperature sensor There are many devices in the control panel. In order to prevent malfunction and deterioration of equipment due to high temperatures, a temperature sensor may be attached to the control panel. Although the detected temperature T increases as the machine operates, it can be expected to be the same as the environmental temperature when the machine starts. (5) servo motor temperature sensor; A servomotor is generally provided with a temperature sensor to monitor the temperature so as not to exceed the allowable maximum temperature determined by the insulation class. Although the detected temperature T increases as the machine operates, it can be expected to be the same as the environmental temperature when the machine starts. Even an electric motor other than a servomotor may have a temperature sensor.
- the temperature acquisition unit 17 may acquire calendar information from the control device itself or from the outside of the control device, and acquire the temperature associated with the calendar information in advance as the detected temperature T.
- calendar information refers to date or time.
- the detected temperature T is a temperature associated with a relatively high temperature due to summer, and the detected temperature T is a temperature associated with a relatively low temperature due to winter.
- the detected temperature T is a temperature associated with a relatively high temperature because it is daytime, and the detected temperature T is a temperature associated with a relatively low temperature because it is nighttime.
- the binary value of summer or winter may be determined from the date, and the temperature associated with each may be acquired as the detected temperature T.
- a plurality of classes may be provided for the date change leading to , and the temperature associated with each class may be obtained as the detected temperature T.
- two values of daytime or nighttime may be determined from the time, and the temperature associated with each may be obtained as the detected temperature T.
- the temperature associated with each may be obtained as the detected temperature T.
- the detected temperature T is a value for calculating the thrust threshold or limit value. Therefore, in associating the calendar information with the temperature, the temperature is merely an intermediate variable. Therefore, the present disclosure also includes a mode of estimating the temperature from the calendar information and calculating a thrust threshold value or a thrust limit value to be described later.
- the temperature monitoring unit 18 monitors the temperature acquired by the temperature acquisition unit 17 .
- the threshold calculator 19 calculates a threshold for collision detection based on the detected temperature T acquired by the temperature acquirer 17 .
- the graphs of FIGS. 2 and 3 show the relationship between threshold and temperature.
- the equation for calculating the threshold is not limited to the examples of FIGS. 2 and 3, as long as the threshold monotonically decreases with temperature.
- the detected temperature T in this graph is an absolute temperature.
- the reason why the detected temperature T is an absolute temperature is that there is no need to consider a change in sign.
- the detected temperature T does not necessarily have to be an absolute temperature.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a linear expression with a negative slope.
- the formula of the graph indicated by the dotted line is a(T 0 ⁇ T)+I TH (here, T 0 : reference temperature [K] (about 293K), a: parameter for adjusting sensitivity to temperature change, I TH : reference threshold at temperature).
- FIG. 3 is an example of an inverse proportional formula.
- the formula of the graph indicated by the dotted line is [(T 0 ⁇ a)/(T ⁇ a)] ⁇ I TH (here, T 0 : reference temperature [K] (about 293K), a: sensitivity to temperature change parameter to be adjusted, I TH : threshold at reference temperature).
- the threshold is provided with an upper limit value IHL and a lower limit value ILL .
- Graphs shown by solid lines in FIGS. 2 and 3 are outputs when the calculated values are limited by the upper limit value IHL and the lower limit value ILL .
- the upper limit value IHL is a threshold value when a cold day is assumed
- the lower limit value ILL is a threshold value when a hot day is assumed.
- the temperature acquisition unit 17 acquires the detected temperature T at the time of startup (step S2).
- the threshold calculator 19 calculates a thrust threshold for detecting a collision based on the detected temperature T (step S3).
- the thrust threshold monotonically decreases with respect to the detected temperature T.
- step S4 When the operator instructs the start of collision detection (step S4), the table 20 moves toward the stopper 21 (step S5). When the table 20 reaches the stopper 21 (step S6), the table 20 stops (step S7) and the thrust of the actuator 14 increases (step S8).
- the abutment detection unit 16 compares the threshold calculated by the threshold calculation unit 19 with the thrust detected by the thrust (current) detection unit 15, and when the thrust exceeds the threshold (step S9), the table 20 moves toward the stopper 21. It detects that it has reached (strike) (step S10).
- the threshold is increased at low temperatures. At low temperatures, the viscosity of the lubricant increases and a relatively high thrust is required to move the table 20 . According to the first disclosure, by increasing the threshold value at low temperatures, it is possible to prevent erroneous detection of the thrust necessary for moving the table at low temperatures as "strike".
- the control device 100 of the first disclosure lowers the threshold when the temperature is high. When the threshold is high, the thrust acts on the stopper 21 until the thrust reaches the threshold. In the first disclosure, by lowering the threshold at high temperatures, excessive contact force is not applied to the stopper 21 .
- the control device 100 of the present disclosure performs speed control as well as threshold adjustment. Without controlling or limiting the speed, “bumping" may result in excessive speed at which table 20 contacts stopper 21 .
- the control device of the present disclosure controls the speed of the table 20 to prevent collision between the table 20 and the stopper 21 .
- the detected temperature T is obtained when the machine is started, but the order of processing is not limited to this. If the detected temperature T that matches the ambient temperature can be obtained even after the machine is in operation, the detected temperature may be obtained or the threshold may be calculated after the start of collision detection is instructed.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the control device 100 of the second disclosure.
- the control device 100 of the second disclosure includes a speed command generator 10, a speed detector 11, a speed controller 12, a thrust controller 13, an actuator 14, a thrust (current) detector 15, a temperature acquirer 17, and a temperature monitor. 18 , a collision detection unit 22 , a thrust limit value calculation unit 23 , and a thrust limit unit 24 .
- the speed command generator 10 outputs a speed command signal for the table 20.
- a speed detector 11 detects the speed of the table 20 .
- the speed control unit 12 outputs a thrust command to the thrust control unit 13 so that the speed of the table 20 follows the speed command.
- the thrust controller 13 causes the thrust of the actuator to follow the thrust command. For example, if the actuator 14 is a servomotor, the thrust controller 13 supplies current to the actuator 14 .
- the actuator 14 drives the screw feed mechanism. The thrust of the actuator 14 moves the table 20 at a predetermined speed.
- the temperature acquisition unit 17 acquires the detected temperature T from a temperature sensor provided inside or outside the machine.
- the temperature monitoring unit 18 monitors the temperature acquired by the temperature acquiring unit 17 and performs temperature control so that the machine does not overheat.
- the method of temperature control differs depending on the type of machine.
- Speed command generation unit 10, speed detection unit 11, speed control unit 12, thrust control unit 13, actuator 14, thrust (current) detection unit 15, temperature acquisition unit 17, temperature monitoring unit 18 of control device 100 of the second disclosure are the same as those of the first disclosure, and are given the same reference numerals.
- the thrust (current) detection unit 15 calculates the thrust limit value.
- the thrust limit value is the limit value of the thrust that moves the member of the machine.
- the thrust limiter 24 controls the thrust of the table 20 to be less than or equal to the thrust limit value.
- the graphs of FIGS. 6 and 7 show the relationship between thrust limit value and temperature.
- the formula for calculating the thrust limit value is not limited to the examples of FIGS. 6 and 7 as long as the thrust limit value monotonically decreases with temperature.
- FIG. 6 is an example of a linear expression with a negative slope.
- the formula of the graph indicated by the dotted line is a(T 0 ⁇ T)+J TH (here, T 0 : reference temperature [K] (about 293K), a: parameter for adjusting sensitivity to temperature change, J TH : reference thrust limit value at temperature).
- FIG. 7 is an example of an inverse proportional formula.
- the formula of the graph indicated by the dotted line is [(T 0 ⁇ a)/(T ⁇ a)] ⁇ J TH (here, T 0 : reference temperature [K] (about 293K), a: sensitivity to temperature change parameter to be adjusted, J TH : thrust limit value at the reference temperature).
- the thrust limit value is provided with an upper limit value JHL and a lower limit value JLL .
- Graphs indicated by solid lines in FIGS. 6 and 7 are outputs when the calculated values are limited by the upper limit value J HL and the lower limit value J LL .
- the upper limit value JHL is a thrust limit value assuming a cold day
- the lower limit JLL is a thrust limit value when assuming a hot day.
- the collision detection section 22 acquires the speed of the table 20 from the speed detection section 11 .
- the collision detection unit 22 monitors the speed and detects the collision of the table 20 when the table 20 stops.
- the collision detection unit 22 determines that the table 20 has stopped when the speed acquired from the speed detection unit 11 is zero for a certain period of time, for example.
- the temperature acquisition unit 17 acquires the detected temperature T at the time of startup (step S12).
- the thrust limit value calculator 23 calculates a thrust limit value for moving the table 20 based on the detected temperature T (step S13). The thrust limit value monotonously decreases with respect to the detected temperature T.
- step S14 When the operator instructs the start of collision detection (step S14), the table 20 moves toward the stopper 21 (step S15). At this time, the higher the detected temperature T, the lower the thrust limit value, and the lower the detected temperature T, the higher the thrust limit value. That is, the lower the detected temperature T, the higher the thrust that can be output.
- step S16 When the table 20 reaches the stopper 21 (step S16), the table 20 stops (step S17). When the speed of the table 20 becomes zero (step S18), the collision detection unit 22 detects the collision (step S19).
- the control device 100 of the second disclosure changes the thrust limit value according to the temperature.
- the thrust limit value is increased so that a high thrust can be output. If a sufficiently high thrust can be output, the table 20 will not stop even if the viscosity of the lubricant is high at low temperatures.
- the stopper 21 is reached, the table 20 stops.
- the thrust of the table 20 is sufficiently increased to avoid stopping the table 20 due to insufficient thrust, and collision is detected based on the speed of the table 20 .
- the control device 100 of the second disclosure lowers the thrust limit value at high temperatures to limit the thrust at high temperatures. By limiting the thrust of the table 20, collision between the table 20 and the stopper 21 is avoided at high temperatures.
- the detected temperature T is obtained when the machine is started, but the order of processing is not limited to this. If the detected temperature T that matches the ambient temperature can be obtained even after the machine is in operation, the detected temperature may be obtained after the instruction to start the collision detection is received. A thrust limit value may be calculated.
- FIG. 9 shows the mold clamping mechanism 30 of the injection molding machine.
- the mold clamping mechanism 30 has a movable platen 34 and a stationary platen 35 .
- a movable mold 31 and a fixed mold 32 are attached to the movable platen 34 and the fixed platen 35, respectively.
- the mold clamping mechanism 30 includes a mold thickness adjusting motor 33 as an actuator. The operation of the mold thickness adjusting motor 33 to move the movable mold 31 forward and abut the movable mold 31 against the fixed mold 32 is the mold touch.
- the threshold calculator 19 calculates the threshold of the abutment detector 16 based on the detected temperature T.
- FIG. The movable mold 31 moves toward the fixed mold 32, and when the movable mold 31 and the fixed mold 32 come into contact with each other, the forward movement of the movable mold 31 stops.
- the thrust (current) of the mold thickness adjusting motor 33 increases.
- the abutment detection unit 16 compares the increased thrust value with a threshold, and detects abutment when the thrust of the mold thickness adjusting motor 33 exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- the thrust limit value calculator 23 calculates the thrust limit value based on the detected temperature T.
- FIG. The control device 100 moves the movable mold 31 toward the fixed mold 32 while limiting the thrust to the thrust limit value or less.
- the movable mold 31 stops and the speed of the movable mold 31 becomes zero.
- the abutment detection unit 22 detects abutment from the stop of the movable mold 31 .
- FIG. 10 is a grinder.
- the grinder grinds a workpiece 45 with a whetstone 44 .
- a dresser 46 is attached to a table 47 on which the workpiece 45 is placed.
- the table 47 moves left and right in the drawing. When dressing, the table 47 is moved rightward in the drawing to move the dresser 46 under the grindstone 44 .
- a whetstone 44 is rotated and a dresser 46 polishes the whetstone. Abutment is used for positioning the dresser 46 .
- the table 47 is moved toward the stopper 48 to move the table 47 to the position of the stopper 48 .
- the threshold calculator 19 calculates the threshold of the abutment detector 16 based on the detected temperature T.
- the table 47 moves toward the stopper 48, and when the table 47 and the stopper 48 come into contact with each other, the table 47 stops.
- the thrust (current) of the actuator 14 increases.
- the bump detection unit 16 compares the increased thrust value with a threshold, and stops the table 47 when the thrust of the actuator 14 exceeds the threshold.
- the thrust limit value calculator 23 calculates the thrust limit value based on the detected temperature T.
- FIG. The control device 100 moves the table 47 toward the stopper 48 while limiting thrust.
- the table 47 contacts the stopper 48 and the table 47 stops, the table 47 stops and the speed of the table 47 becomes zero.
- the collision detection unit 22 detects the collision from the stop of the table 47 .
- a CPU 111 included in the control device 100 is a processor that controls the control device 100 as a whole.
- the CPU 111 reads out the system program processed in the ROM 112 via the bus and controls the entire control device 100 according to the system program.
- the RAM 113 temporarily stores calculation data, display data, various data input by the user via the input unit 71, and the like.
- the display unit 70 is a monitor or the like attached to the control device 100 .
- the display unit 70 displays an operation screen, a setting screen, and the like of the control device 100 .
- the input unit 71 is integrated with the display unit 70 or is a keyboard, touch panel, or the like that is separate from the display unit 70 .
- the user operates the input unit 71 to perform input to the screen displayed on the display unit 70 .
- the display unit 70 and the input unit 71 may be mobile terminals.
- the non-volatile memory 114 is, for example, a memory that is backed up by a battery (not shown) and retains its storage state even when the control device 100 is powered off.
- the nonvolatile memory 114 stores programs read from an external device via an interface (not shown), programs input via the input unit 71, various data obtained from each unit of the control device 100, a machine tool, and the like (for example, setting parameters obtained from the machine) are stored. Programs and various data stored in the non-volatile memory 114 may be developed in the RAM 113 at the time of execution/use. Various system programs are pre-written in the ROM 112 .
- a driver 41 drives the actuators of the machine.
- the actuators drive members of the machine under control of the control device 100 .
- the control device 100 is connected to an external device such as a temperature sensor via the PLC 42 and acquires the detected temperature T.
- control device 10 speed command generation unit 11 speed detection unit 12 speed control unit 13 thrust control unit 14 actuator 15 thrust (current) detection unit 16 bump detection unit 17 temperature acquisition unit 18 temperature monitoring unit 19 threshold calculation unit 20 table 21 stopper 22 Collision detector 23 Thrust limit value calculator 24 Thrust limiter 111 CPU 112 ROMs 113 RAM 114 non-volatile memory
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Numerical Control (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本開示の一態様である制御装置は、機械の制御装置であって、推力を発生するアクチュエータと、温度を取得する温度取得部と、温度に対し単調減少する推力制限値を算出する推力制限値算出部と、推力制限値を上限としてアクチュエータの推力を制限する推力制限部と、アクチュエータの推力により駆動される部材の速度を検出する速度検出部と、部材が停止したときに突き当てを検出する突き当て検出部と、を備える。
図を参照して第1の開示の制御装置100について説明する。
制御装置100は機械と接続又は機械と一体化しており、機械を制御するアクチュエータの一種であるサーボモータを備えている。制御対象となる機械には、例えば、旋盤、ボール盤、中ぐり盤、フライス盤、研削盤、マシニングセンタ、放電加工機、射出成形機などがあるがこれに限定されない。
本開示の制御装置100は、アクチュエータを制御する。制御装置の制御対象は、アクチュエータを備えた機械である。アクチュエータには、電気を動力源とするサーボモータ、ステッピングモータ、リニアモータ、油圧を動力源とする油圧シリンダ、油圧モータ、高圧空気によって動作する空気圧シリンダ、空気圧モータなどがあるがこれに限定されない。
(1)工場の温度計。精密機械や食品を扱う工場では、温度計が取り付けられている。また、作業員の安全や健康を維持するため、温度計が取り付けられている場合もある。温度取得部17は、機械の外部に設けられた既存の温度計から検出温度Tを取得する。
(2)射出成形機の加熱筒。射出成形機の加熱筒には温度センサが設けられている。射出成形機の加熱筒は、プラスチック素材に熱を加えて溶かすため、加工中は高温であるが、射出成形機の起動時には、加熱されていないので、検出温度Tが環境温度と同等であることを期待できる。これは、射出成形機以外のプラスチック加工機械においても同様である。
(3)油圧システムの油温計。作動油の過熱を監視するため、温度センサを備えることが一般的である。
(4)制御盤の温度センサ。制御盤の中には多くの機器が入っている。高温による誤作動や機器の劣化などを防止するため、制御盤には温度センサが取り付けられていることがある。検出温度Tは機械の稼働にともなって高温になるが、機械の起動時には環境温度と同等であることが期待できる。
(5)サーボモータの温度センサ。サーボモータは、絶縁階級で定められた許容最高温度を超えないよう温度を監視するため、温度センサを備えることが一般的である。検出温度Tは機械の稼働にともなって高温になるが、機械の起動時には環境温度と同等であることが期待できる。なお、サーボモータ以外の電動モータであっても、温度センサを備えることがある。
本開示において検出温度Tは推力の閾値または制限値を算出するための値である。したがって前記カレンダー情報と温度との対応付けにあっては、温度は単なる媒介変数にすぎない。したがって前記カレンダー情報から温度を推定し、推力の閾値あるいは後述する推力制限値を算出する態様も本開示に含まれる。
このグラフでの検出温度Tは絶対温度である。検出温度Tを絶対温度としたのは符号の変化を考慮する必要がないためである。検出温度Tは、必ずしも絶対温度でなくてもよい。
オペレータが機械を起動すると(ステップS1)、温度取得部17は起動時の検出温度Tを取得する(ステップS2)。閾値算出部19は、検出温度Tを基に、突き当てを検出するための推力の閾値を算出する(ステップS3)。推力の閾値は、検出温度Tに対して単調減少である。
第1の開示の制御装置100は、高温時には、閾値を低くする。閾値が高いと、推力が閾値に達するまでストッパ21に推力が働く。第1の開示では、高温時の閾値を低くすることで、ストッパ21に必要以上の接触力をかけない。
なお、上記フローチャートでは、機械を起動したときに検出温度Tを取得したが、処理の順序はこの限りではない。機械の稼働後も環境温度に一致する検出温度Tが取得できる場合には、突き当ての検出開始の指示の後に、検出温度を取得してもよいし、閾値を算出してもよい。
次いで、第2の開示の制御装置100について説明する。
図5は、第2の開示の制御装置100のブロック図である。第2の開示の制御装置100は、速度指令発生部10、速度検出部11、速度制御部12、推力制御部13、アクチュエータ14、推力(電流)検出部15、温度取得部17、温度監視部18、突き当て検出部22、推力制限値算出部23、推力制限部24を備える。
第2の開示の制御装置100の速度指令発生部10、速度検出部11、速度制御部12、推力制御部13、アクチュエータ14、推力(電流)検出部15、温度取得部17、温度監視部18の機能は、第1の開示と同じであるため、同じ符号を付す。
図6は、傾きが負の一次式の一例である。点線で示したグラフの式は、a(T0-T)+JTH(ここで、T0:基準温度[K](293K程度)、a:温度変化に対する感度を調整するパラメータ、JTH:基準温度における推力制限値)である。
オペレータが機械を起動すると(ステップS11)、温度取得部17は起動時の検出温度Tを取得する(ステップS12)。推力制限値算出部23は、検出温度Tを基に、テーブル20を移動するための推力制限値を算出する(ステップS13)。推力制限値は、検出温度Tに対して単調減少である。
第2の開示の制御装置100は、高温時に推力制限値を低くし、高温時の推力を制限する。テーブル20の推力を制限することにより、高温時におけるテーブル20とストッパ21との衝突を回避する。
なお、上記フローチャートでは、機械を起動したときに検出温度Tを取得したが、処理の順序はこの限りではない。機械の稼働後も環境温度に一致する検出温度Tが取得できる場合には、突き当て検出開始の指示の後に、検出温度を取得してもよいし、検出温度を取得しているのであれば、推力制限値を算出してもよい。
図9及び図10を参照して第1の開示及び第2の開示とは異なる機械に本開示を適用した例を示す。
図9は、射出成形機の型締め機構30である。型締め機構30は、可動プラテン34と固定プラテン35を備える。可動プラテン34と固定プラテン35には、それぞれ可動金型31と固定金型32が取り付けられている。型締め機構30は、アクチュエータとしての型厚調整用モータ33を備える。型厚調整用モータ33が、可動金型31を前進させ、可動金型31を固定金型32に突き当てる動作が金型タッチである。
第1の開示を射出成形機の金型タッチに適用した場合、閾値算出部19は、検出温度Tを基に、突き当て検出部16の閾値を算出する。可動金型31は固定金型32の方向に移動し、可動金型31と固定金型32が接触すると、可動金型31の前進が停止する。可動金型31が停止すると、型厚調整用モータ33の推力(電流)が上昇する。突き当て検出部16は、上昇した推力の値と閾値とを比較し、型厚調整用モータ33の推力が所定の閾値を超えると、突き当てを検出する。
第2の開示を射出成形機の金型タッチに適用した場合、推力制限値算出部23は、検出温度Tを基に、推力制限値を算出する。制御装置100は、推力制限値以下に推力を制限しながら、可動金型31を固定金型32の方向に移動させる。可動金型31が固定金型32に接触すると、可動金型31が停止し、可動金型31の速度がゼロになる。突き当て検出部22は、可動金型31の停止から突き当てを検出する。
第1の開示を研削盤の突き当てに適用した場合、閾値算出部19は、検出温度Tを基に、突き当て検出部16の閾値を算出する。テーブル47は、ストッパ48の方向に移動し、テーブル47とストッパ48が接触すると、テーブル47が停止する。テーブル47が停止すると、アクチュエータ14の推力(電流)が上昇する。突き当て検出部16は、上昇した推力の値と閾値とを比較し、アクチュエータ14の推力が閾値を超えるとテーブル47を停止させる。
第2の開示を研削盤の突き当てに適用した場合、推力制限値算出部23は、検出温度Tを基に、推力制限値を算出する。制御装置100は、推力を制限しながら、テーブル47をストッパ48の方向に移動させる。テーブル47がストッパ48に接触し、テーブル47が停止すると、テーブル47が停止し、テーブル47の速度がゼロになる。突き当て検出部22は、テーブル47の停止から突き当てを検出する。
制御装置100は、PLC42を介して温度センサなどの外部機器に接続されおり、検出温度Tを取得する。
10 速度指令発生部
11 速度検出部
12 速度制御部
13 推力制御部
14 アクチュエータ
15 推力(電流)検出部
16 突き当て検出部
17 温度取得部
18 温度監視部
19 閾値算出部
20 テーブル
21 ストッパ
22 突き当て検出部
23 推力制限値算出部
24 推力制限部
111 CPU
112 ROM
113 RAM
114 不揮発性メモリ
Claims (5)
- 機械の制御装置であって、
推力を発生するアクチュエータと、
前記アクチュエータの推力を検出する推力検出部と、
温度を取得する温度取得部と、
前記温度に対し単調減少する閾値を算出する閾値算出部と、
前記アクチュエータの推力と前記閾値とを比較し、前記推力が前記閾値を超えたときに前記アクチュエータの推力により駆動される部材の突き当てを検出する突き当て検出部と、を備える制御装置。 - 前記アクチュエータ又は前記部材の速度指令を発生する速度指令発生部と、
前記アクチュエータ又は前記部材の実際の速度を検出する速度検出部と、
前記速度指令に前記実際の速度が追従するよう推力指令を出力する速度制御部と、
前記速度制御部が出力した推力指令に追従させる推力制御部と、を備え、
前記アクチュエータ又は前記部材の速度制御を行う、請求項1記載の制御装置。 - 前記温度取得部は、前記機械又は制御装置に設けられた温度センサから温度を取得する、請求項2記載の制御装置。
- 機械の制御装置であって、
推力を発生するアクチュエータと、
温度を取得する温度取得部と、
前記温度に対し単調減少する推力制限値を算出する推力制限値算出部と、
前記推力制限値を上限として前記アクチュエータの推力を制限する推力制限部と、
前記アクチュエータの推力により駆動される部材の速度を検出する速度検出部と、
前記部材が停止したときに突き当てを検出する突き当て検出部と、を備える制御装置。 - 前記温度取得部は、前記機械又は制御装置に設けられた温度センサから温度を取得する、請求項4記載の制御装置。
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JPS58124907A (ja) * | 1982-01-20 | 1983-07-25 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 工作機械の位置決め装置 |
JPS62175810A (ja) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-08-01 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | 産業用ロボツト制御装置 |
JP2020014266A (ja) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-23 | 日立グローバルライフソリューションズ株式会社 | 電動機の制御装置 |
WO2020105131A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-05-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 駆動装置、圧縮機、及び空気調和機 |
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JP4363428B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-31 | 2009-11-11 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電動ブレーキ装置および自動車 |
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JPS58124907A (ja) * | 1982-01-20 | 1983-07-25 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 工作機械の位置決め装置 |
JPS62175810A (ja) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-08-01 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | 産業用ロボツト制御装置 |
JP2020014266A (ja) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-23 | 日立グローバルライフソリューションズ株式会社 | 電動機の制御装置 |
WO2020105131A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-05-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 駆動装置、圧縮機、及び空気調和機 |
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