WO2015098060A1 - 酸化物焼結体、その製造方法及びスパッタリングターゲット - Google Patents
酸化物焼結体、その製造方法及びスパッタリングターゲット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015098060A1 WO2015098060A1 PCT/JP2014/006331 JP2014006331W WO2015098060A1 WO 2015098060 A1 WO2015098060 A1 WO 2015098060A1 JP 2014006331 W JP2014006331 W JP 2014006331W WO 2015098060 A1 WO2015098060 A1 WO 2015098060A1
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- sintered body
- oxide
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oxide sintered body used as a raw material for obtaining an oxide semiconductor thin film of a thin film transistor (TFT) used in a display device such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display by a vacuum film forming process such as a sputtering method,
- TFT thin film transistor
- the present invention relates to a manufacturing method thereof, a sputtering target, and a thin film transistor obtained thereby.
- Amorphous (amorphous) oxide semiconductors used in TFTs have higher carrier mobility than general-purpose amorphous silicon (a-Si), a large optical band gap, and can be formed at low temperatures. It is expected to be applied to next-generation displays that require high resolution and high-speed driving, and resin substrates with low heat resistance.
- a sputtering method is preferably used in which a sputtering target made of the same material as the film is sputtered. This is because the thin film formed by the sputtering method has a component composition, film thickness, etc.
- the sputtering target is usually formed by mixing and sintering oxide powder and machining.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 The most advanced development of the composition of an oxide semiconductor used for a display device is an In-containing In—Ga—Zn—O amorphous oxide semiconductor (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4). Furthermore, recently, for the purpose of improving high mobility and reliability of TFTs, attempts have been made to change the type and concentration of additive elements containing In as a main component (for example, see Patent Document 5). Patent Document 6 reports an In—Sm sputtering target.
- a sputtering target used for manufacturing an oxide semiconductor film for a display device and an oxide sintered body that is a material thereof have excellent conductivity and high relative density.
- the resistance of the target is increased, which may cause abnormal discharge and generation of particles.
- One method is to introduce water into the chamber during sputtering and oxidize more effectively. Water is decomposed in plasma and becomes OH radicals that exhibit a very strong oxidizing power, which has the effect of reducing trapping of oxide semiconductors.
- oxygen and nitrogen dissolved in water need to be sufficiently degassed, and new measures such as piping corrosion countermeasures are required.
- the objective is the oxide sintered compact suitably used for manufacture of the oxide semiconductor film for display apparatuses, and a sputtering target, Comprising: It has high electroconductivity.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sputtering target having excellent discharge stability.
- a bixbite phase composed of In 2 O 3 and an A 3 B 5 O 12 phase (where A is Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy,
- B is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al and Ga.
- Raw material powder containing indium, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Lu A step of preparing a mixed powder by mixing a raw material powder containing A and a raw material powder containing B which is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al and Ga;
- a method for producing an oxide sintered body comprising a step of producing a compact by molding the mixed powder, and a step of firing the compact at 1200 to 1650 ° C. for 10 hours or more. 7). 7.
- the thin film transistor according to 10 which is a channel-doped thin film transistor. 13. Electronic equipment using the thin film transistor according to 10 or 12.
- the oxide sintered compact and sputtering target used suitably for manufacture of the oxide semiconductor film for display apparatuses, Comprising:
- the sputtering target which has high electroconductivity and was excellent in discharge stability is provided. be able to.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the X-ray-diffraction result of the oxide sintered compact of Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the X-ray-diffraction result of the oxide sintered compact of Example 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the result of the electronic microanalyzer measurement of the oxide sintered compact of Example 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the mobility of the thin-film transistor of Example 1 and 2, and the voltage between gate-source electrodes.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention includes a bixbite phase composed of In 2 O 3 and an A 3 B 5 O 12 phase (where A is Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, One or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, and B is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al and Ga. )including.
- the sputtering target produced using the oxide sintered body of the present invention can provide a high-performance TFT oxide semiconductor thin film necessary for next-generation displays with a high yield by sputtering. Moreover, in the oxide sintered body of the present invention, even if a desired element is added in order to increase mobility and reliability, the resistance of the obtained target can be suppressed low, so that a target having excellent discharge stability is obtained. be able to.
- the A 3 B 5 O 12 phase can be referred to as a garnet or garnet phase.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention has an In 2 O 3 phase and a garnet. Specifically, it can be confirmed by comparing the X-ray diffraction result with an ICDD (International Center for Diffraction Data) card.
- ICDD International Center for Diffraction Data
- In 2 O 3 phase is ICDD card no.
- the pattern 6-416 is shown.
- Sm 3 Ga 5 O 12 (Garnet) the ICDD card no.
- the pattern 71-0700 is shown.
- the garnet phase is electrically insulative, but the electrical resistance of the sintered body can be kept low by dispersing it as a sea-island structure in the highly conductive bixbite phase.
- Examples of A include Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu.
- A is composed of these, an oxide semiconductor having higher mobility can be obtained from the oxide sintered body of the present invention.
- A is preferably Y, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, or Gd, and more preferably Y, Nd, Sm, or Gd from the viewpoint of obtaining a larger On / Off characteristic in the transistor.
- A may be a single species or two or more species.
- B examples include Al and Ga. When B is comprised from these, the electroconductivity of the target created from the oxide sintered compact of this invention can be improved.
- B may be a single species or two or more species.
- the elements A and B that did not form a garnet phase may be replaced by a solid solution with a bixbite phase, which is a low resistance matrix phase, alone or in combination with A and B.
- the solid solution limit of A and B in the bixbite phase is usually 10 atomic% or less (atomic ratio (A + B) / (In + A + B) is 0.10 or less) with respect to In element. If it is 10 atomic% or less, the resistance of the target can be within an appropriate range. Moreover, DC discharge is enabled and abnormal discharge can be suppressed.
- the elements A and B that did not form the garnet phase, alone or in combination with A and B, are solid solution substituted into the bixbite phase that is a low resistance matrix phase. It can be confirmed by characteristic X-rays detected from the elements A and / or B in the bixbite phase using EPMA.
- the atomic ratio (A + B) / (In + A + B) of indium, element A and element B is preferably 0.01 to 0.50, more preferably 0.015 to 0.40, and 0 0.02 to 0.30 is more preferable.
- In / (In + A + B) is preferably from 0.50 to 0.99, more preferably from 0.60 to 0.985, and even more preferably from 0.70 to 0.98.
- the atomic ratio of each element contained in the sintered body can be obtained by quantitative analysis of the contained elements using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Specifically, when a solution sample is atomized with a nebulizer and introduced into an argon plasma (approximately 5000 to 8000 ° C.), the elements in the sample are excited by absorbing thermal energy, and orbital electrons are excited from the ground state. After moving to the orbit of the position, it moves to the orbit of the lower energy level. At this time, the energy difference is emitted as light to emit light. Since this light shows a wavelength (spectral line) unique to the element, the presence of the element can be confirmed by the presence or absence of the spectral line (qualitative analysis).
- ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer
- the sample concentration can be obtained by comparing with a standard solution having a known concentration (quantitative analysis). After identifying the elements contained in the qualitative analysis, the content is obtained by quantitative analysis, and the atomic ratio of each element is obtained from the result.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention may contain other metal elements or inevitable impurities other than In, A, and B described above as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Sn and / or Ge may be appropriately added as another metal element.
- the addition amount is usually 50 to 30000 ppm, preferably 50 to 10000 ppm, more preferably 100 to 6000 ppm, further preferably 100 to 2000 ppm, and particularly preferably 500 to 1500 ppm.
- the bixbite phase In partially substitutes for Sn and / or Ge.
- electrons as carriers are generated, and the resistance of the target can be reduced.
- Other metal elements contained in the sintered body can be obtained by quantitative analysis of the contained elements using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) as in In, A, and B.
- ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer
- the carrier of the semiconductor channel can be controlled (channel doping) while the oxygen vacancies are sufficiently reduced by containing the element A and the element B that are stably bonded to oxygen. It is possible to achieve both high mobility and operational reliability.
- the content of positive tetravalent elements such as Sn is more preferably 100 to 15000 ppm with respect to the total amount of metal elements, and further preferably 500 to 10,000 ppm. It is particularly preferable to set it to 1000 to 7000 ppm.
- the content of the positive tetravalent element exceeds 30000 ppm, the carrier concentration increases excessively, and there is a possibility of being normally on.
- the content of the positive tetravalent element is less than 50 ppm, the resistance of the target decreases, but there is no effect of controlling the channel carrier concentration.
- the crystallization temperature may be 250 to 450 ° C.
- the crystallization time may be in the range of 0.5 to 10 hours, and may be appropriately selected while observing the effect of channel doping.
- the crystallization temperature or the crystallization time is insufficient, the doping efficiency into the channel may be lowered. If the crystallization temperature or the crystallization time is excessive, the adhesion may be deteriorated in the case of a structure laminated with an electrode in advance.
- the metal atom concentration of In, element A and element B, or In, element A, element B, Sn and Ge in all metal atoms is 90 atomic% or more, 95 atomic% or more. 98 atomic% or more and 100 atomic%.
- the electrical resistivity of the oxide sintered body of the present invention is preferably 1 m ⁇ cm or more and 1000 m ⁇ cm or less, more preferably 5 m ⁇ cm or more and 800 m ⁇ cm or less, and further preferably 10 m ⁇ cm or more and 500 m ⁇ cm or less.
- the electrical resistivity of a sintered compact can be measured based on the four-probe method (JISR1637) using a resistivity meter (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation make, Loresta).
- the maximum grain size of the garnet phase crystals in the sintered body used in the present invention is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less. If the maximum particle size exceeds 20 ⁇ m, pores and cracks are generated in the sintered body due to abnormal grain growth, which may cause cracks.
- the lower limit of the maximum particle size is preferably 1 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 1 ⁇ m, the relationship between the bixbite and the garnet phase sea-island structure is not clear, and the electrical resistance of the sintered body may increase.
- the maximum particle size of the garnet phase crystal of the sputtering target is the center point (one place) of the circle, the center point on the two center lines orthogonal to the center point, and the peripheral part.
- the central point (one point) and the intermediate point between the central point and the corner on the diagonal of the square The maximum diameter of the crystals with the longest diameter observed in a 100 ⁇ m square frame is measured at a total of 5 places (4 places), and the crystal with the longest long diameter existing in each of these 5 places is measured. Expressed as the average particle size.
- the maximum grain size is measured with respect to the major axis of the crystal grains. The crystal grains can be observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- a step of preparing a raw material powder containing indium, a raw material powder containing element A and a raw material powder containing element B, a step of forming a mixed powder to produce a molded body, and a molded body An oxide sintered body can be produced by passing through the step of firing.
- the raw material powder is preferably an oxide powder.
- the average particle diameter of the raw material powder is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 1.2 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the raw material powder can be measured with a laser diffraction type particle size distribution apparatus or the like.
- an In 2 O 3 powder having an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1.2 ⁇ m, an element A oxide powder having an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1.2 ⁇ m, and an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 .2 ⁇ m element B oxide powder can be used.
- the raw material powder is preferably prepared so that the atomic ratio (A + B) / (In + A + B) is 0.01 to 0.50.
- the atomic ratio (A + B) / (In + A + B) is more preferably 0.015 to 0.40, and further preferably 0.02 to 0.30.
- Material mixing and forming methods are not particularly limited, and can be performed using known methods. For example, an aqueous solvent is added to the mixed raw material powder, and the resulting slurry is mixed for 12 hours or more, then solid-liquid separation, drying and granulation are performed, and then this granulated product is put into a mold and molded. .
- a wet or dry ball mill, vibration mill, bead mill, or the like can be used.
- the mixing time by the ball mill is preferably 15 hours or longer, more preferably 19 hours or longer.
- binder polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, or the like can be used.
- granulated powder is obtained from the raw material powder slurry.
- the granulated powder is filled into a molding die such as a rubber die and is usually molded by a die press or cold isostatic pressing (CIP), for example, at a pressure of 100 Ma or more to obtain a molded body.
- a molding die such as a rubber die
- CIP cold isostatic pressing
- the obtained molded product can be sintered at a sintering temperature of 1200 to 1650 ° C. for 10 hours or longer to obtain a sintered body.
- the sintering temperature is preferably 1350 to 1600 ° C, more preferably 1400 to 1600 ° C, still more preferably 1450 to 1600 ° C.
- the sintering time is preferably 10 to 50 hours, more preferably 12 to 40 hours, still more preferably 13 to 30 hours.
- the sintering temperature is less than 1200 ° C. or the sintering time is less than 10 hours, the sintering does not proceed sufficiently, and the electrical resistance of the target is not sufficiently lowered, which may cause abnormal discharge.
- the firing temperature exceeds 1650 ° C. or the firing time exceeds 50 hours, the average crystal grain size increases due to remarkable crystal grain growth, and coarse pores are generated, and the sintered body strength is reduced. May cause abnormal discharge.
- a pressure sintering method such as hot press, oxygen pressurization, hot isostatic pressurization and the like can be employed in addition to the atmospheric pressure sintering method.
- the compact is sintered in an air atmosphere or an oxidizing gas atmosphere, preferably an oxidizing gas atmosphere.
- the oxidizing gas atmosphere is preferably an oxygen gas atmosphere.
- the oxygen gas atmosphere is preferably an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of, for example, 10 to 100% by volume.
- the density of the sintered body can be further increased by introducing an oxygen gas atmosphere in the temperature raising process.
- the heating rate during sintering is from 800 ° C. to a sintering temperature (1200 to 1650 ° C.) of 0.1 to 2 ° C./min.
- the temperature range above 800 ° C. is the range where the sintering proceeds most. If the rate of temperature rise in this temperature range is slower than 0.1 ° C./min, crystal grain growth becomes significant, and there is a possibility that densification cannot be achieved.
- the rate of temperature increase is faster than 2 ° C./min, a temperature distribution is generated in the molded body, and the sintered body may be warped or cracked.
- the heating rate from 800 ° C. to the sintering temperature is preferably 0.1 to 1.3 ° C./min, more preferably 0.1 to 1.1 ° C./min.
- the sputtering target of the present invention can be obtained.
- a sputtering target material can be obtained by cutting the sintered body into a shape suitable for mounting on a sputtering apparatus, and a sputtering target can be obtained by bonding the target material to a backing plate.
- a sputtering target material can be obtained by cutting the sintered body into a shape suitable for mounting on a sputtering apparatus, and a sputtering target can be obtained by bonding the target material to a backing plate.
- resistance can be lowered and productivity can be improved.
- the sintered body is ground with, for example, a surface grinder to obtain a material having a surface roughness Ra of 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the sputtering target of the present invention has high conductivity, a DC sputtering method having a high film formation rate can be applied.
- the sputtering target of the present invention can be applied to an RF sputtering method, an AC sputtering method, and a pulsed DC sputtering method in addition to the DC sputtering method, and can perform sputtering without abnormal discharge.
- a high-resistance oxide thin film such as a semiconductor can be obtained by forming a film by sputtering using the above sputtering target.
- the oxide semiconductor thin film can be manufactured by a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a pulse laser vapor deposition method, or the like using the above target.
- the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor thin film is usually 10 18 / cm 3 or less, preferably 10 13 to 10 18 / cm 3 , more preferably 10 14 to 10 18 / cm 3 , particularly preferably 10. 15 to 10 18 / cm 3 .
- the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor thin film can be measured by a Hall effect measurement method.
- Said oxide thin film can be used for a thin-film transistor, and can be used especially suitably as a channel layer.
- the thin film transistor of the present invention has the above oxide thin film as a channel layer, its element structure is not particularly limited, and various known element structures can be adopted.
- the film thickness of the channel layer in the thin film transistor of the present invention is usually 10 to 300 nm, preferably 20 to 250 nm.
- the channel layer in the thin film transistor of the present invention is usually used in an N-type region, but a PN junction transistor or the like in combination with various P-type semiconductors such as a P-type Si-based semiconductor, a P-type oxide semiconductor, and a P-type organic semiconductor. It can be used for various semiconductor devices.
- the thin film transistor of the present invention can be applied to various integrated circuits such as a field effect transistor, a logic circuit, a memory circuit, and a differential amplifier circuit. Further, in addition to the field effect transistor, it can be applied to an electrostatic induction transistor, a Schottky barrier transistor, a Schottky diode, and a resistance element.
- the configuration of the thin film transistor of the present invention known configurations such as a bottom gate, a bottom contact, and a top contact can be adopted without limitation.
- the bottom gate structure is advantageous because high performance can be obtained as compared with thin film transistors of amorphous silicon or ZnO.
- the bottom gate configuration is preferable because it is easy to reduce the number of masks at the time of manufacturing, and it is easy to reduce the manufacturing cost for uses such as a large display.
- the thin film transistor of the present invention can be suitably used for a display device.
- a channel etch type bottom gate thin film transistor is particularly preferable.
- a channel-etched bottom gate thin film transistor has a small number of photomasks at the time of a photolithography process, and can produce a display panel at a low cost.
- a channel-etched bottom gate structure and a top contact structure thin film transistor are particularly preferable because they have good characteristics such as mobility and are easily industrialized.
- the On / Off characteristics determine the display performance of the display.
- the On / Off ratio is preferably 6 digits or more.
- the On current is important for current driving, but the On / Off ratio is preferably 6 digits or more as well.
- the thin film transistor of the present invention preferably has an On / Off ratio of 1 ⁇ 10 6 or more. Further, the mobility of the TFT of the present invention is preferably 5 cm 2 / Vs or more, and more preferably 10 cm 2 / Vs or more.
- the thin film transistor of the present invention is preferably a channel-doped thin film transistor.
- a channel-doped transistor is a transistor in which channel carriers are appropriately controlled by n-type doping, not oxygen vacancies, which tend to fluctuate in response to external stimuli such as atmosphere and temperature, and have high mobility and high reliability. A compatible effect is obtained.
- Examples 1 to 15 [Production of sintered body] The following oxide powder was used as a raw material powder.
- the average particle diameter of the oxide powder was measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer SALD-300V (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the median diameter D50 was used as the average particle diameter.
- Indium oxide powder average particle size 0.98 ⁇ m
- Gallium oxide powder Average particle size 0.96 ⁇ m
- Aluminum oxide powder Average particle size 0.96 ⁇ m
- Tin oxide powder Average particle size 0.95 ⁇ m
- Samarium oxide powder Average particle size of 0.99 ⁇ m
- Yttrium oxide powder Average particle size 0.98 ⁇ m
- Neodymium oxide powder Average particle size 0.98 ⁇ m Gadolinium oxide powder: Average particle size 0.97 ⁇ m
- the above oxide powder was weighed so as to have an oxide weight ratio shown in Tables 1 and 2, and uniformly pulverized and mixed, and then added with a molding binder and granulated by spray drying. Next, this raw material granulated powder was filled in a rubber mold and pressure-molded at 100 MPa with cold isostatic pressure (CIP). The molded body thus obtained was sintered using a sintering furnace at 1450 ° C. for 24 hours to produce a sintered body.
- CIP cold isostatic pressure
- the measurement conditions of XRD are as follows. ⁇ Equipment: Ultimate-III manufactured by Rigaku Corporation -X-ray: Cu-K ⁇ ray (wavelength 1.5406mm, monochromatized with graphite monochromator) ⁇ 2 ⁇ - ⁇ reflection method, continuous scan (1.0 ° / min) ⁇ Sampling interval: 0.02 ° ⁇ Slit DS, SS: 2/3 °, RS: 0.6 mm
- the measurement conditions for EPMA are as follows. ⁇ Device name: JEOL Ltd. ⁇ JXA-8200 ⁇ Measurement conditions ⁇ Acceleration voltage: 15 kV ⁇ Irradiation current: 50 nA ⁇ Irradiation time (per point): 50 mS
- the crystal structure was examined by XRD, and the dispersion state was examined by EPMA measurement.
- a 3 B 5 O 12 was added to the In 2 O 3 (Bixbite) matrix. It was shown that the (garnet) structure is a dispersed structure.
- the (garnet) structure is a dispersed structure.
- the presence or absence of abnormal discharge was determined by monitoring voltage fluctuation and detecting abnormal discharge. Specifically, the abnormal discharge was determined when the voltage fluctuation generated during the measurement time of 5 minutes was 400 V ⁇ 10% or more during the sputtering operation. In particular, when the steady-state voltage during the sputtering operation fluctuates by ⁇ 10% or more in 0.1 seconds, a micro arc, which is an abnormal discharge of the spatter discharge, has occurred, and the device yield may be reduced, making it unsuitable for mass production. There is.
- An oxide semiconductor layer was formed by sputtering on a silicon substrate with a thermal oxide film using a channel-shaped metal mask.
- a gold electrode was deposited to a thickness of 50 nm using a source / drain shaped metal mask.
- annealing was performed in air at 300 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a simple TFT having a bottom gate and top contact with a channel length of 200 ⁇ m and a channel width of 1000 ⁇ m.
- the annealing conditions were appropriately selected while observing the channel doping effect in the range of 250 ° C. to 450 ° C. and 0.5 hours to 10 hours.
- W is the channel width
- L is the channel length
- Cox is the dielectric constant of the insulating film
- V GS is the voltage between the gate electrode and the source electrode
- V T is the threshold voltage
- L is the channel length.
- Ids of Vg ⁇ 5V was defined as Ioff
- Ids of Vg 10V was defined as Ion
- Ion / Ioff was defined as an On / Off ratio. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Oxide powder was weighed so that the oxide weight ratio shown in Table 3 was obtained, and a sintered body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce a sputtering target.
- the obtained sintered body was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the sintered body of Comparative Example 1 was a mixed phase of a bixbite phase in which Ga was dissolved and a Ga 2 O 3 phase.
- the sintered body of Comparative Example 2 was a mixed phase of a bixbite phase in which Al was dissolved and an Al 2 O 3 phase.
- the sintered bodies of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 exhibited a bixbite single phase in which Ga was dissolved.
- the sintered body of Comparative Example 5 exhibited a bixbite phase in which Sm was dissolved.
- the obtained target was attached to a sputtering apparatus, and an attempt was made to form a TFT in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Table 3 “existing” in the item of abnormal discharge indicates that abnormal discharge occurred during film formation and the film formation was stopped.
- “x” indicates that the film could not be formed due to abnormal discharge and could not be evaluated.
- Comparative Examples 3 to 5 abnormal discharge did not occur, but the characteristics of the obtained TFT were high off current. This is because the semiconductor is not sufficiently oxidized, a large amount of electrons are present in the channel, and the depletion layer is difficult to spread even when the off voltage is applied.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention can be used as a sputtering target, and the thin film transistor using an oxide thin film manufactured using the sputtering target of the present invention is a field effect transistor, logic circuit, memory circuit, differential amplifier circuit.
- the present invention can be suitably applied to various integrated circuits. Further, in addition to the field effect transistor, it can be suitably applied to a transistor such as an electrostatic induction transistor and a Schottky barrier transistor, a diode such as a Schottky diode, and a resistance element.
- the thin film transistor of the present invention can be suitably used for a solar cell, a display element such as a liquid crystal, organic electroluminescence, inorganic electroluminescence, or an electronic device using these.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献6では、In-Sm系のスパッタリングターゲットが報告されている。
1.In2O3で構成されるビックスバイト相と、A3B5O12相(式中、AはSc,Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb及びLuからなる群から選ばれる一以上の元素であり、BはAl及びGaからなる群から選ばれる一以上の元素である。)を含む酸化物焼結体。
2.AがY,Ce,Nd,Sm,Eu及びGdからなる群から選ばれる一以上の元素である1記載の酸化物焼結体。
3.前記ビックスバイト相に、前記元素A及びBのいずれか、又は両方が固溶置換している1又は2記載の酸化物焼結体。
4.前記酸化物焼結体中に存在するインジウム、元素A及び元素Bの原子比(A+B)/(In+A+B)が0.01~0.50である1~3のいずれか記載の酸化物焼結体。
5.電気抵抗率が1mΩcm以上、1000mΩcm以下である1~4のいずれか記載の酸化物焼結体。
6.インジウムを含む原料粉末、Sc,Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb及びLuからなる群から選ばれる一以上の元素であるAを含む原料粉末、並びにAl及びGaからなる群から選ばれる一以上の元素であるBを含む原料粉末を混合して混合粉末を調製する工程、
前記混合粉末を成形して成形体を製造する工程、及び
前記成形体を1200℃~1650℃で10時間以上焼成する工程を含む酸化物焼結体の製造方法。
7.前記混合粉末の原子比(A+B)/(In+A+B)が0.01~0.50である6記載の酸化物焼結体の製造方法。
8.1~5のいずれか記載の酸化物焼結体を用いて得られるスパッタリングターゲット。
9.8記載のスパッタリングターゲットを用いて製膜された酸化物薄膜。
10.9記載の酸化物薄膜を用いる薄膜トランジスタ。
11.前記A3B5O12相の結晶の最大粒径が20μm以下であることを特徴とする1~5のいずれかに記載の酸化物焼結体。
12.チャネルドープ型薄膜トランジスタであることを特徴とする、10に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
13.10又は12に記載の薄膜トランジスタを用いた、電子機器。
Aは、1種単独でもよく、2種以上でもよい。
Bは、1種単独でもよく、2種以上でもよい。
一方、(A+B)/(In+A+B)が0.01未満の場合、スパッタにより製造される酸化物半導体のキャリア濃度が多くなり、ノーマリーオンのTFTになる恐れがある。
具体的に、溶液試料をネブライザーで霧状にして、アルゴンプラズマ(約5000~8000℃)に導入すると、試料中の元素は熱エネルギーを吸収して励起され、軌道電子が基底状態から高いエネルギー準位の軌道に移った後、より低いエネルギー準位の軌道に移る。
この際にエネルギーの差を光として放射し発光する。この光は元素固有の波長(スペクトル線)を示すため、スペクトル線の有無により元素の存在を確認できる(定性分析)。
また、それぞれのスペクトル線の大きさ(発光強度)は試料中の元素数に比例するため、既知濃度の標準液と比較することで試料濃度を求めることができる(定量分析)。
定性分析で含有されている元素を特定後、定量分析で含有量を求め、その結果から各元素の原子比を求める。
本発明の酸化物焼結体において、他の金属元素として、Sn及び/又はGeを適宜添加してもよい。添加量は、通常50~30000ppmであり、50~10000ppmであることが好ましく、100~6000ppmであることがより好ましく、100~2000ppmであることがさらに好ましく、500~1500ppmであることが特に好ましい。上記濃度範囲で、Sn及び/又はGeを添加すると、ビックスバイト相のInがSn及び/又はGeに一部固溶置換する。これによりキャリアである電子が発生し、ターゲットの抵抗を減少できる。焼結体に含まれる他の金属元素も、In、A及びBと同様に誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置(ICP-AES)により、含有元素を定量分析して求めることができる。
一般に酸化物半導体の移動度は、酸素欠損により生じるキャリア濃度を増やすことで上昇する。しかし、この酸素欠損はバイアスストレスや加熱ストレス試験によって変化しやすく、動作信頼性に難点があった。
本発明の正四価元素の添加によれば、酸素と安定に結合する元素A及び元素Bの含有によって酸素欠損を十分減らした上で、半導体チャネルのキャリアを制御(チャネルドーピング)することができるため、高移動度と動作信頼性を両立することができる。
結晶化(アニール)条件としては、結晶化温度は、250~450℃、結晶化時間は、0.5~10時間の範囲で、チャネルドーピングの効果を見ながら適宜選択すればよい。より好ましくは270~400℃、0.7時間~5時間である。
結晶化温度又は結晶化時間が不足すると、チャネルへのドーピング効率が下がる恐れがあり、過剰であると、予め電極と積層した構造の場合、密着性が劣化するおそれがある。
原料粉末は、酸化物粉末が好ましい。
例えば、平均粒径が0.1μm~1.2μmのIn2O3粉末、及び平均粒径が0.1μm~1.2μmの元素Aの酸化物粉末、及び平均粒径が0.1μm~1.2μmの元素Bの酸化物粉末を用いることができる。
焼結温度は好ましくは1350~1600℃、より好ましくは1400~1600℃、さらに好ましくは1450~1600℃である。焼結時間は好ましくは10~50時間、より好ましくは12~40時間、さらに好ましくは13~30時間である。
本発明の焼結体において800℃から上の温度範囲は、焼結が最も進行する範囲である。この温度範囲での昇温速度が0.1℃/分より遅くなると、結晶粒成長が著しくなって、高密度化を達成することができないおそれがある。一方、昇温速度が2℃/分より速くなると、成形体に温度分布が生じ、焼結体が反ったり割れたりするおそれがある。
800℃から焼結温度における昇温速度は、好ましくは0.1~1.3℃/分、より好ましくは0.1~1.1℃/分である。
本発明のターゲットでは、ビックスバイト相とガーネット相を含むことにより、抵抗を低くすることができ、生産性を向上させることができる。
酸化物半導体薄膜のキャリア濃度は、ホール効果測定方法により測定することができる。
本発明の薄膜トランジスタは、上記の酸化物薄膜をチャネル層として有していれば、その素子構成は特に限定されず、公知の各種の素子構成を採用することができる。
本発明の薄膜トランジスタは、表示装置に好適に用いることができる。
また、本発明のTFTの移動度は、5cm2/Vs以上であることが好ましく、10cm2/Vs以上であることが好ましい。
[焼結体の製造]
原料粉体として下記の酸化物粉末を使用した。尚、酸化物粉末の平均粒径はレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置SALD-300V(島津製作所製)で測定し、平均粒径はメジアン径D50を採用した。
酸化インジウム粉:平均粒径0.98μm
酸化ガリウム粉:平均粒径0.96μm
酸化アルミニウム粉:平均粒径0.96μm
酸化スズ粉:平均粒径0.95μm
酸化サマリウム粉:平均粒径0.99μm
酸化イットリウム粉:平均粒径0.98μm
酸化ネオジウム粉:平均粒径0.98μm
酸化ガドリニウム粉:平均粒径0.97μm
となるように秤量し、均一に微粉砕混合後、成形用バインダーを加えてスプレードライ法にて造粒した。次に、この原料造粒粉をゴム型に充填し、冷間静水圧(CIP)にて100MPaで加圧成形した。
このようにして得た成形体を、焼結炉を用い、1450℃、24時間の条件で焼結して焼結体を製造した。
得られた焼結体の電気抵抗率を抵抗率計(三菱化学(株)製、ロレスタ)を使用して四探針法(JISR1637)に基づき測定した。結果を表1及び2に示す。表1及び2に示すように実施例1~15の焼結体の電気抵抗率は、1000mΩcm以下であった。
・装置:(株)リガク製Ultima-III
・X線:Cu-Kα線(波長1.5406Å、グラファイトモノクロメータにて単色化)
・2θ-θ反射法、連続スキャン(1.0°/分)
・サンプリング間隔:0.02°
・スリットDS、SS:2/3°、RS:0.6mm
・装置名:日本電子株式会社
・JXA-8200
・測定条件
・加速電圧:15kV
・照射電流:50nA
・照射時間(1点当りの):50mS
上記で得られた焼結体の表面を平面研削盤で♯40、♯200、♯400、♯1000の順に研削し、側辺をダイヤモンドカッターで切断し、バッキングプレートに貼り合わせ、直径4インチのスパッタリングターゲットを作製した。
得られた直径4インチのスパッタリングターゲットをDCスパッタリング装置に装着し、雰囲気としてアルゴンガスにO2ガスを分圧比で2%添加した混合ガスを使用し、スパッタ圧0.4Pa、基板温度を室温とし、DC出力200Wにて、10時間連続スパッタを行った。スパッタ中の電圧変動をデータロガーに蓄積し、異常放電の有無を確認した。結果を表1及び2に示す。
熱酸化膜付きシリコン基板上にチャネル形状のメタルマスクを用い、酸化物半導体層をスパッタリングにより成膜した。スパッタリング条件は、スパッタ圧=1Pa,酸素分圧=5%、基板温度=室温で行い、膜厚は50nmに設定した。次にソース・ドレイン形状のメタルマスクを用い、金電極を50nm成膜した。最後に、空気中300℃、1時間の条件でアニールすることで、チャネル長200μm、チャネル幅1000μmのボトムゲート、トップコンタクトの簡易型TFTを得た。アニール条件としては、250℃~450℃、0.5時間~10時間の範囲でチャネルドーピングの効果を見ながら適宜選択した。
半導体パラメーターアナライザー(ケースレー4200)を用い、室温(25℃)・空気中・遮光環境下で各実施例の薄膜トランジスタの伝達特性を測定した。評価条件はVds=20V,Vgs=-10V~20Vの範囲で評価した。次に、以下の移動度の式(1)に従って、Vg=5Vの時のTFTの移動度を算出した。尚、移動度は低いゲート電圧で高い値を示すほど、低い電源電圧で動作させることができ、好ましい。図5に、実施例1及び2の薄膜トランジスタにおいて、ゲート電極及びソース電極間の電圧に対する、移動度を測定した結果を示す。
また、Vg=-5VのIdsをIoff、Vg=10VのIdsをIonとし、Ion/IoffをOn/Off比と定義した。
結果を表1及び2に示す。
表3に示す酸化物重量比となるように、酸化物粉体を秤量し、実施例1と同様に、焼結体を製造し、スパッタリングターゲットを作製した。
比較例1の焼結体はGaが固溶したビックスバイト相とGa2O3相の混合相であった。
比較例2の焼結体はAlが固溶したビックスバイト相と、Al2O3相の混合相であった。
比較例3及び4の焼結体はGaが固溶したビックスバイト単相を示した。
比較例5の焼結体はSmが固溶したビックスバイト相を示した。
比較例3~5において、異常放電は発生しなかったが、得られたTFTの特性はOff電流が高いものとなった。これは、半導体の酸化が十分でなく、チャネルに大量の電子が存在し、Off電圧を印加しても空乏層が広がりにくいためである。
また、本発明の薄膜トランジスタは、太陽電池や、液晶、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス、無機エレクトロルミネッセンス等の表示素子等や、これらを用いた電子機器に好適に使用できる。
この明細書に記載の文献の内容を全てここに援用する。
Claims (13)
- In2O3で構成されるビックスバイト相と、A3B5O12相(式中、AはSc,Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb及びLuからなる群から選ばれる一以上の元素であり、BはAl及びGaからなる群から選ばれる一以上の元素である。)を含む酸化物焼結体。
- AがY,Ce,Nd,Sm,Eu及びGdからなる群から選ばれる一以上の元素である請求項1記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 前記ビックスバイト相に、前記元素A及びBのいずれか、又は両方が固溶置換している請求項1又は2記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 前記酸化物焼結体中に存在するインジウム、元素A及び元素Bの原子比(A+B)/(In+A+B)が0.01~0.50である請求項1~3のいずれか記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 電気抵抗率が1mΩcm以上、1000mΩcm以下である請求項1~4のいずれか記載の酸化物焼結体。
- インジウムを含む原料粉末、Sc,Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb及びLuからなる群から選ばれる一以上の元素であるAを含む原料粉末、並びにAl及びGaからなる群から選ばれる一以上の元素であるBを含む原料粉末を混合して混合粉末を調製する工程、
前記混合粉末を成形して成形体を製造する工程、及び
前記成形体を1200℃~1650℃で10時間以上焼成する工程を含む酸化物焼結体の製造方法。 - 前記混合粉末の原子比(A+B)/(In+A+B)が0.01~0.50である請求項6記載の酸化物焼結体の製造方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか記載の酸化物焼結体を用いて得られるスパッタリングターゲット。
- 請求項8記載のスパッタリングターゲットを用いて製膜された酸化物薄膜。
- 請求項9記載の酸化物薄膜を用いる薄膜トランジスタ。
- 前記A3B5O12相の結晶の最大粒径が20μm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の酸化物焼結体。
- チャネルドープ型薄膜トランジスタであることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 請求項10又は請求項12に記載の薄膜トランジスタを用いた、電子機器。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201533005A (zh) | 2015-09-01 |
TWI665173B (zh) | 2019-07-11 |
CN115340360B (zh) | 2023-06-27 |
JP6563553B2 (ja) | 2019-08-21 |
CN115340360A (zh) | 2022-11-15 |
JP6334598B2 (ja) | 2018-05-30 |
KR20160102165A (ko) | 2016-08-29 |
CN105873881A (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
JP2018158880A (ja) | 2018-10-11 |
JP5977893B2 (ja) | 2016-08-24 |
US20160343554A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
KR102340437B1 (ko) | 2021-12-16 |
JPWO2015098060A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
JP2016210679A (ja) | 2016-12-15 |
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