WO2014057884A1 - 共重合体、光学異方体及び高分子配向フィルム - Google Patents
共重合体、光学異方体及び高分子配向フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014057884A1 WO2014057884A1 PCT/JP2013/077119 JP2013077119W WO2014057884A1 WO 2014057884 A1 WO2014057884 A1 WO 2014057884A1 JP 2013077119 W JP2013077119 W JP 2013077119W WO 2014057884 A1 WO2014057884 A1 WO 2014057884A1
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- 125000003453 indazolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005948 methanesulfonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- OXUCOTSGWGNWGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCC[CH2-] OXUCOTSGWGNWGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- QBDSZLJBMIMQRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Cumylphenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 QBDSZLJBMIMQRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKTOLZVEWDHZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cumyl phenol Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1 NKTOLZVEWDHZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- RGIODYNEFPWTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;tributyl phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC RGIODYNEFPWTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical group C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003050 poly-cycloolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011403 purification operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007767 slide coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)OC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004260 weight control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- C08G63/685—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen
- C08G63/6852—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids
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- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/08—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of polarising materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/005—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- C08G63/065—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids the hydroxy and carboxylic ester groups being bound to aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/04—Aromatic polycarbonates
- C08G64/06—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation
- C08G64/08—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen
- C08G64/12—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
- G02B1/045—Light guides
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention stretches a film-like optical anisotropic body, and a copolymer and an optical anisotropic body which can obtain an optical film capable of uniform polarization conversion in a wide wavelength range and capable of forming a thin film.
- the invention relates to a polymer oriented film obtained by
- FPDs Flat panel displays
- an optical film such as a polarizing plate or a retardation plate.
- the retardation plate may be a quarter wavelength plate that converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, or a half wavelength plate that converts the polarization oscillation plane of linearly polarized light by 90 degrees.
- These retardation plates are those which can accurately convert a specific monochromatic light into a phase difference of 1 ⁇ 4 ⁇ or 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ of the light beam wavelength.
- the conventional retardation plate there is a problem that the polarized light output through the retardation plate is converted into colored polarized light. This is because the material constituting the retardation plate has wavelength dispersion with respect to retardation, and distribution occurs in the polarization state for each wavelength with respect to white light which is a composite wave in which light rays in the visible light range are mixed.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-68816 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-90521 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-52131 Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2000-284126 (US20020159005A1) JP 2001-4837 A WO 2000/026705 pamphlet
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances of the prior art, and it is possible to obtain an optical film capable of uniform polarization conversion in a wide wavelength range and capable of being thinned and an optical anisotropy.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer-oriented film obtained by stretching a film-like optically anisotropic material.
- the present inventor has a repeating unit (I) represented by the following formula (I) and a repeating unit (II) represented by the following formula (II) in a molecule And the ratio of the repeating unit (I) to the repeating unit (II) in a specific range and using methylene chloride as a solvent, the reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / It is found that, by using a copolymer having c) in a specific range, it is possible to obtain an optical anisotropic material capable of uniform polarization conversion in a wide wavelength range and capable of forming a thin film, thereby completing the present invention. It came to
- a 1 represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- a x represents an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms which has at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- a y has a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring And an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic ring which said A x and A y has may have a substituent.
- Q 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- R 1 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- T represents the following (T-1) to (T-3)
- R 9 and R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 6 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent
- the repeating unit (II) has a repeating unit (II), and the ratio of the repeating unit (I) is 5 to 90 mol% with respect to all repeating units, and the ratio of the repeating unit (II) is A copolymer having a concentration of 0.5 to 10 mol% relative to all repeating units, wherein methylene chloride is used as a solvent and the reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] at 20 ° C. of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 g / dl is 0.3. Copolymer characterized by being -2.0 dl / g.
- a 1 is a trivalent benzene ring group or a naphthalene ring group.
- a 1 is a trivalent benzene ring group or a naphthalene ring group.
- the optically anisotropic member according to (3) which is a film-like material.
- a copolymer and an optical anisotropic body capable of obtaining an optical film capable of uniform polarization conversion in a wide wavelength range and capable of forming a thin film, and stretching a film-like optical anisotropic body An oriented polymer film is provided.
- the copolymer of the present invention has a repeating unit (I) represented by the following formula (I) and a repeating unit (II) represented by the following formula (II) in the molecule, Copolymer in which the proportion of the repeating unit (I) is 5 to 90 mol% with respect to all repeating units, and the proportion of the repeating unit (II) is 95 to 10 mol% with respect to all repeating units It is characterized in that the reduced viscosity [.eta..sub.sp / c] at 20.degree. C. of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 g / dl in methylene chloride as a solvent is 0.3 to 2.0 dl / g.
- the copolymer of the present invention has the repeating unit (I) represented by the above formula (I) and the repeating unit (II) represented by the above formula (II) in the molecule.
- a 1 represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- the trivalent aromatic group may be a trivalent carbocyclic aromatic group or a trivalent heterocyclic aromatic group. From the viewpoint of achieving the desired effects of the present invention better, trivalent carbocyclic aromatic groups are preferable, trivalent benzene ring groups or trivalent naphthalene ring groups are more preferable, and trivalent groups represented by the following formulas are preferable. Is more preferably a benzene ring group or a trivalent naphthalene ring group.
- substituents Y 1 and O are described for convenience (Y 1 has the same meaning as described above. The same shall apply hereinafter).
- [-] represents a bond of an aromatic ring (the same applies below).
- the trivalent aromatic group of A 1 may have a substituent at any position, but preferably has no substituent.
- a substituent which a trivalent aromatic group of A 1 has a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom; a cyano group; an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 6 such as a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group; Group, alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as allyl group; haloalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as trifluoromethyl group; substituted amino group such as dimethylamino group; such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, isopropoxy group
- R 16 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl or propyl; or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbons such as phenyl, 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl. Represents;
- a x represents an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms which has at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- the “aromatic ring” is a cyclic structure having a broad aromaticity according to Huckel's rule, that is, a cyclic conjugated structure having (4n + 2) ⁇ electrons, and is represented by thiophene, furan, benzothiazole, etc. It means that lone electron pairs of hetero atoms such as sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen participate in the ⁇ electron system and show aromaticity.
- the organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring of A x may have a plurality of aromatic rings And may have an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- aromatic hydrocarbon ring examples include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring and an anthracene ring.
- aromatic heterocyclic ring examples include monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic rings such as pyrrole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, pyridine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyrazole ring, imidazole ring, oxazole ring and thiazole ring; And aromatic heterocyclic rings of fused rings such as benzothiazole ring, benzoxazole ring, quinoline ring, phthalazine ring, benzoimidazole ring, benzopyrazole ring, benzofuran ring, benzothiophene ring and the like.
- the aromatic ring possessed by A x may have a substituent.
- substituents those similar to the ones listed as the substituent which the trivalent aromatic group of the aforementioned A 1 has can be mentioned.
- the aromatic ring possessed by A x may have a plurality of identical or different substituents, and two adjacent substituents may be joined together to form a ring.
- the ring formed may be a single ring or a condensed multiple ring.
- the number of carbon atoms" of the organic group having a carbon number of 2 to 30 A x is meant the total number of carbon atoms of the total organic groups that do not contain carbon atoms of substituents (the same in A y that will be described later.) .
- an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms which has at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocycle of A x , an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group; an aromatic heterocycle An alkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group; an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group Alkenyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms in total, having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of: at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic heterocyclic group And alkynyl groups having 4 to 30 carbon atoms in total.
- total carbon number of the alkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms in total, the alkenyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms in total and the alkynyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms in total has a carbon atom of an aromatic ring, It means the total number of carbon atoms of the whole organic group which contains a carbon atom of an alkyl group part, an alkenyl group part or an alkynyl group part and does not contain a carbon atom of a substituent.
- a x is not limited to the following.
- E represents NR 17 , an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- R 17 represents a hydrogen atom; or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group.
- X, Y and Z each independently represent NR 18 , an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -SO- or -SO 2- (however, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -SO-, Except when -SO 2 -is adjacent to each other).
- R 18 represents a hydrogen atom as in the above R 17 ; or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group.
- a y has a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring And an organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent represented by Ay there may be mentioned methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and n-butyl Groups, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group, n-hexyl group, isohexyl group and the like.
- Examples of the substituent of the optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of A y include the substituents of the trivalent aromatic group of A 1 described above (alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms). And the same as those listed as (excluding the group).
- organic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring of A y , the same as those exemplified for A x above Can be mentioned.
- the aromatic ring possessed by A y may have a substituent at any position. As this substituent, those similar to the ones listed as the substituent which the trivalent aromatic group of the aforementioned A 1 has can be mentioned.
- a x and A y may be taken together to form a ring.
- Such a ring may be a single ring or a fused ring.
- the ring formed by combining A x and A y is preferably an unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and an unsaturated carbocyclic ring having 6 to 30 carbons which may have a substituent.
- the unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and the unsaturated carbocyclic ring having 6 to 30 carbon atoms are not particularly limited, and may or may not have aromaticity.
- the ring shown below is mentioned.
- the ring shown below is represented by formula (I)
- these rings may have a substituent.
- R 19 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms as in the case of R 16 .
- the total number of ⁇ electrons contained in A x and A y is preferably 4 or more and 24 or less, and more preferably 6 or more and 18 or less from the viewpoint of achieving the desired effects of the present invention better.
- a x is an aromatic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms
- a y is a hydrogen atom, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or (a halogen atom, a cyano group, An alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms as a substituent group 20.
- Combinations of 20 alkyl groups and those in which A x and A y together form an unsaturated heterocyclic ring or unsaturated carbocyclic ring are mentioned.
- a x is any of a group having the following structure
- a y is a hydrogen atom, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or (a halogen atom, cyano Group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms as a substituent It is a combination of 1 to 20 alkyl groups.
- a particularly preferred combination of A x and A y is that A x is any of the groups having the following structure, and A y is a hydrogen atom, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or (a halogen atom, cyano Group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms as a substituent It is a combination of 1 to 12 alkyl groups.
- Q 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent include the same ones as exemplified for the above-mentioned A y .
- Q 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably a hydrogen atom and a methyl group.
- the existing ratio of the repeating unit (I) is 5 to 90 mol%, preferably 10 to 80 mol%, and more preferably 20 to 70 mol% with respect to all the repeating units. Within such a range, the copolymer containing the repeating unit (I) can be easily thinned.
- the copolymer of the present invention has, in the molecule, a repeating unit represented by the above formula (II) in addition to the above repeating unit (I).
- a repeating unit represented by the above formula (II) in addition to the above repeating unit (I) in the molecule, it is possible to change the retardation of the obtained film, thereby adjusting the thickness It is also possible.
- a 2 represents a naphthalenediyl group which may have a substituent or a group represented by the above formula (III).
- naphthalenediyl group optionally having a substituent of A 2, for example, are given below.
- the substituent of the naphthalene-diyl group which may have a substituent A 2, of the A 1, include the same ones listed as the substituent group of the trivalent aromatic group.
- R 1 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the halogen atom of R 1 to R 8 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom.
- hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group and n-hexyl group Alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as C 1 to 6 carbons; alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as vinyl groups, propenyl groups and allyl groups; alkynyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as ethynyl groups and propynyl groups; And cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; and aryl groups such as phenyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms may have a substituent at any position.
- a substituent in the case where the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, Halogen atoms such as chlorine atom and bromine atom; alkoxy groups having 1 carbon atom such as methoxy group, ethoxy group and isopropoxy group; aryl groups such as phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group and 2-naphthyl group; .
- a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom
- an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methyl group or an ethyl group
- Alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as propenyl group
- alkynyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as ethynyl group and propynyl group
- cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl group and cyclohexyl group
- Aryl groups such as phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group and 2-naphthyl group; nitro group; and the like.
- T represents any of the following groups (T-1) to (T-3).
- R 9 and R 10 each independently have a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a substituent It represents an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of R 9 and R 10 include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group and n-pentyl group And n-hexyl group.
- a fluoromethyl group As a haloalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a fluoromethyl group, a chloromethyl group, a bromomethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a dichloromethyl group, a dibromomethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trichloromethyl group, a tribromomethyl group, 2,2-trifluoroethyl group, pentafluoroethyl group, heptafluoropropyl group and the like.
- Examples of the aryl group of the aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent include a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group and a 2-naphthyl group. Further, examples of the substituent of the aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom and chlorine atom; alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methyl group and ethyl group; methoxy group, ethoxy group and the like The alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; nitro group; cyano group; and the like.
- one of R 9 and R 10 is preferably independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, and a phenyl group.
- the group represented by the formula (III) is (i) a group represented by the following formula (IIIa)
- T, R 1 and R 6 have the same meaning as described above
- the copolymer (A) of the present invention is a polymer containing the repeating unit (I) and the repeating unit (II) in a specific ratio in the molecule as described above, but the repeating unit (I) There are the following nine types according to the structural difference between and the repeating unit (II).
- Y 2 is —O—C
- the existing ratio of the repeating unit (II) is 95 to 10 mol%, preferably 90 to 20 mol%, and more preferably 80 to 30 mol% with respect to all the repeating units. .
- the proportion of the repeating unit (I) and the repeating unit (II) is in this range, it is possible to change the retardation of the resulting film, and it is also possible to adjust the thickness.
- an optical anisotropic member having desired wavelength dispersion is obtained by setting the existing ratio of the repeating unit (I) and the repeating unit (II) appropriately in this range. You can get it.
- (A1) which can be preferably used can be produced, for example, by the method shown below.
- the copolymer (A1) is a hydrazone compound (hydrazone compound (3a)) represented by the formula (3a) in the presence of a base in an inert solvent, and a diol compound (diol) represented by the formula (4a) It can be produced by reacting compound (4a)) with phosgenes or carbonates.
- the hydrazone compound (3a) used for the above reaction can be produced, for example, as follows.
- a 1 , A x , A y and Q 1 have the same meanings as described above. That is, by reacting the carbonyl compound (carbonyl compound (5a)) represented by the formula (5a) with the hydrazine compound (hydrazine compound (6)) represented by the formula (6) in a suitable solvent, The hydrazone compound (3a) can be obtained.
- the carbonyl compounds (5a) used in the above reaction are known compounds and can be produced and obtained by known methods. Moreover, what is marketed as a carbonyl compound (5a) can also be refine
- the hydrazone compound (6) used for the said reaction can be manufactured as follows.
- a x and A y are as defined above.
- L is a leaving group such as a halogen atom, a methanesulfonyloxy group, a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group, etc.
- a suitable solvent such as an alcohol solvent, an ether solvent, or a mixed solvent of an alcohol solvent and an ether solvent
- a compound represented by the formula (8a) and hydrazine (7) Can be reacted at a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1:20, preferably 1: 2 to 1:10, to obtain the corresponding hydrazine compound (9);
- the hydrazine compound (6) can be obtained by reacting the compound (9) with the compound represented by the formula (8b).
- hydrazine (7) usually used is a monohydrate.
- a commercial item can be used for hydrazine (1) as it is.
- the reaction proceeds smoothly in the temperature range from ⁇ 10 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used.
- the reaction time of each reaction is usually from several minutes to several hours, depending on the reaction scale.
- the hydrazine compound (6) can also be produced by reducing a diazonium salt (10) using a conventionally known method as follows (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-336103, New Experimental Chemistry) Lecture: Maruzen Co., Ltd. published 14 volumes, Experimental chemistry course 1992 Maruzen Co., Ltd. published 20 volumes, etc.).
- Z ⁇ represents an anion which is a counter ion to diazonium.
- Z - include inorganic anions such as hexafluorophosphate ion, borofluoric acid ion, chloride ion and sulfate ion; polyfluoroalkyl carboxylate ion, polyfluoroalkyl sulfonate ion, tetraphenyl borate ion And organic anions such as aromatic carboxylic acid ion and aromatic sulfonic acid ion; and the like.
- alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, n-pentyl alcohol, amyl alcohol and the like
- Solvents Ether solvents such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentyl methyl ether and the like; and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the solvent to be used is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of the compound to be used, the reaction scale and the like, and is usually 1 to 100 ml per 1 g of the hydrazine compound (6).
- the use ratio of the carbonyl compound (5a) to the hydrazine compound (6) is usually 1: 2 to 2: 1, preferably 1: 1.2 as the molar ratio of [carbonyl compound (5a): hydrazine compound (6)]. It is 5 to 1.5: 1.
- the reaction can also be carried out by adding an acid catalyst such as ( ⁇ ) -10-camphorsulfonic acid, an organic acid such as paratoluenesulfonic acid, a salt of such an organic acid, an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, etc. .
- an acid catalyst may shorten the reaction time and improve the yield.
- the addition amount of the acid catalyst is usually 0.001 to 1 mol with respect to 1 mol of the carbonyl compound (5a).
- the acid catalyst may be added as it is or as a solution dissolved in a suitable solvent.
- the reaction proceeds smoothly in the temperature range from ⁇ 10 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used.
- the reaction time is usually from several minutes to several tens hours, preferably from 30 minutes to 10 hours, depending on the reaction scale.
- diol compounds (4a) used in the above reaction are known compounds and can be produced and obtained by known methods. Moreover, what is marketed as a diol compound (4a) can also be refine
- phosgenes to be used phosgene, diphosgene, triphosgene, chloroformate etc. are mentioned.
- carbonates dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, diphenyl carbonate and the like can be mentioned.
- the temperature at which the phosgene gas is blown is 0 to 50.degree.
- the amount of phosgenes and carbonates used may be at least twice the molar number of the total number of moles of the hydrazone compound (3a) and the diol compound (4a), but is preferably 2 to 10 times the molar amount, more preferably Is 2 to 5 moles.
- Examples of the base used for the above reaction include alkali metal hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide; triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine And the like. These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. Among them, alkali metal hydroxides and alkaline earth metal hydroxides are preferable, and alkali metal hydroxides are more preferable, for the reason that the desired product can be obtained with high yield.
- the amount of the base used may be at least twice the molar number of the total number of moles of the hydrazone compound (3a) and the diol compound (4a), preferably 2 to 10 times, more preferably 2 to 5 times It is a mole.
- the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction, and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene; saturated hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane and octane; cyclo Alicyclic hydrocarbons such as pentane, cyclohexane, cyclooctane and decalin; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane and chlorobenzene; diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane And ether solvents such as cyclopentyl methyl ether; water; and the like.
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene
- saturated hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane and octane
- a mixed solvent of a halogenated hydrocarbon and water which are not mixed with each other may be used.
- the amount of the solvent to be used depends on the reaction scale, but is usually 0.1 to 100 ml per 1 g of the hydrazone compound (3a).
- the amount of the halogenated hydrocarbon and water is usually 0.1 to 100 ml per 1 g of the hydrazone compound (3a).
- a molecular weight modifier may be added to the reaction solution in order to control the degree of polymerization.
- the molecular weight modifier to be used include monofunctional compounds such as phenols such as phenol, p-t-butylphenol and p-cumylphenol for adjusting the polymerization degree.
- the reaction may be carried out by adding a catalyst such as tertiary amine such as triethylamine or quaternary ammonium salt.
- a small amount of an antioxidant such as sodium sulfite or hydrosulfide may be added.
- a molecular weight modifier may be added to the reaction solution.
- the target copolymer (A1) can be isolated from the obtained reaction solution by a conventional method. According to such a two-step method, control of the reaction is easy, and molecular weight control with high accuracy can be performed.
- the reaction is in each case carried out usually at a temperature in the range of 0 to 150 ° C., preferably 5 to 40 ° C.
- the reaction pressure may be any of reduced pressure, normal pressure and increased pressure, but usually, normal pressure or about self pressure of the reaction system is preferable.
- the reaction time depends on the reaction temperature and the like, but is usually 0.5 minutes to 10 hours, preferably 1 minute to 2 hours.
- the copolymer (A1) can also be produced by the transesterification method of the hydrazone compound (3a) and the diol compound (4a) with a bisaryl carbonate such as diphenyl carbonate.
- a reaction system a melt polycondensation method, a solid phase polycondensation method and the like can be mentioned.
- the melt polycondensation method is carried out, the above two or three monomers [hydrazone compound (3a) and siol compound (4a)] are mixed and reacted in a molten state at high temperature under reduced pressure.
- the reaction is usually carried out at a temperature in the range of 150 to 350.degree. C., preferably 200 to 300.degree.
- the above two or three monomers are mixed, and in the solid phase state, polycondensation is performed by heating to a temperature below the melting point of the produced polycarbonate polymer.
- the degree of vacuum is preferably reduced to 1 mmHg or less, and phenols derived from the above-mentioned bisaryl carbonate produced by transesterification are distilled out of the system.
- the reaction time depends on the reaction temperature, the degree of pressure reduction, etc., but is usually about 1 to 4 hours.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon, and if desired, the reaction may be carried out by adding the above-mentioned molecular weight modifier, antioxidant or the like.
- the desired product can be isolated by carrying out a usual post-treatment operation in organic synthesis chemistry and, if desired, carrying out known separation and purification operations.
- the structure of the target copolymer can be identified by measurement of NMR spectrum, IR spectrum, mass spectrum or the like, elemental analysis or the like.
- the copolymer of the present invention has a methylene chloride as a solvent and a solution having a concentration of 0.5 g / dl and a reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] at 20 ° C. of 0.3 to 2.0 dl / g, preferably 0.4. It is about -1.7 dl / g, more preferably 0.55-1.55 dl / g, further preferably 0.6-1.2 dl / g. If the reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] is less than 0.3 dl / g, it may become brittle and the mechanical strength may not be maintained.
- the reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] exceeds 2.0 dl / g, the solution viscosity is too high, which may make purification after polymerization difficult or die lines may be generated during film formation.
- the reduced viscosity can be measured in accordance with JIS K 7367.
- optical anisotropic body of the present invention is one or two or more kinds of the copolymer of the present invention, or one or two or more kinds of the copolymer of the present invention and other polymers. It consists of a mixture. Since the optical anisotropic body of the present invention comprises the copolymer of the present invention as a constituent material, uniform polarization conversion is possible in a wide wavelength range, and it is excellent in optical characteristics.
- the optical anisotropic material of the present invention is any of the following ( ⁇ ) to ( ⁇ ).
- One kind of copolymer of the present invention Optical anisotropic body consisting of a mixture of two or more kinds with other polymers Among these, ( ⁇ ) or ( ⁇ ) is preferable.
- the compatibilizing blends or the respective polymers have substantially the same refractive index because they need to be optically transparent.
- other polymers (except for the copolymer of the present invention) used for the ( ⁇ ) optical anisotropic body are not particularly limited, but they are excellent in heat resistance, good in optical performance, and solution film-forming Possible materials, in particular thermoplastic polymers, are preferred.
- one or two or more types can be appropriately selected from polyarylates, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyolefins, polyethers, polysulfin copolymers, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, etc.
- polycarbonate is preferred.
- the shape of the optically anisotropic member of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a film-like material is preferred for use in optical applications and the like. In addition, it is the meaning which includes what is called a so-called "sheet-like thing" in a "film-like thing".
- the optically anisotropic body of the present invention is a film-like material, it may be long or strip-like.
- the thickness is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the optically anisotropic body of the present invention can be produced by molding a polymer material into a desired shape by a conventionally known molding method.
- a film-like optical anisotropic body can be produced by a known melt extrusion method, a solution cast method, preferably a solution cast method.
- the solution casting method is a coating obtained by dissolving the polymer material in an appropriate solvent to prepare a coating liquid, and coating the coating liquid on an appropriate substrate. After drying, a film-like optically anisotropic body can be obtained by heating if desired.
- solvents used for preparation of the coating solution include ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone; ester solvents such as butyl acetate and amyl acetate; halogenation such as dichloromethane, chloroform and dichloroethane Hydrocarbon solvents; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane, cyclopentyl methyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane; N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethyl formamide Aprotic polar solvents such as acetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone and N-methylpyrrolidone; and the like.
- solvents having a boiling point of 60 to 200 ° C. are preferable
- plasticizers such as dimethyl phthalate, phthalate esters such as diethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, tributyl phosphate Phosphate such as sulfate, aliphatic dibasic ester, glycerin derivative, glycol derivative and the like may be contained.
- ultraviolet absorbers such as phenylsalicylic acid, 2-hydroxybenzophenone, triphenyl phosphate, etc., a bluing agent for changing the color tone, an antioxidant and the like may be added.
- any of organic and inorganic materials can be used.
- polycycloolefin for example, Zeonex, Zeonor (registered trademark; manufactured by Nippon Zeon), Arton (registered trademark; manufactured by JSR), and Apel (registered trademark; manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals)
- polyethylene terephthalate Polycarbonate, polyimide, polyamide, poly (methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose, cellulose triacetate, polyether sulfone and the like
- inorganic materials include silicon, glass, calcite and the like Among them, organic materials are preferable.
- the substrate is preferably an organic material, and more preferably a resin film using the organic material as a film.
- the substrate to be used may be a single layer substrate, a laminate, a long substrate, or a strip substrate.
- known methods can be used, and for example, curtain coating method, extrusion coating method, roll coating method, spin coating method, dip coating method, bar coating method, spray coating Methods, slide coating methods, print coating methods and the like.
- the temperature for drying the coating film obtained by applying the coating solution on the substrate is usually 50 to 200.degree.
- the dimensional stability of the film-like optical anisotropic member of the present invention can be improved.
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited, but is usually about 200 to 250 ° C.
- the optically anisotropic body of the present invention is useful as a retardation plate, an alignment film for liquid crystal display elements, a polarizing plate, a viewing angle widening plate, a color filter, a low pass filter, a light polarizing prism, various light filters and the like.
- the polymer oriented film of the present invention is a film obtained by orienting the film-like optically anisotropic member (unstretched film) of the present invention by stretching.
- stretching a polymer film is uniaxially or biaxially stretched at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) and lower than the melting point of the polymer material constituting the film to orient the chain polymer in the stretched direction.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- processing By subjecting a polymer film (a film-like optically anisotropic member) to a stretching treatment, the molecules in the film are oriented in the stretched direction, and the strength, hardness, and impact resistance in the orientation direction of the film are increased.
- the organic solvent used at the time of film formation described above may be left in the film and stretched.
- the amount of the organic solvent is preferably 1 to 20% by weight based on the solid content of the polymer.
- the oriented polymer film of the present invention is preferably transparent, and preferably has a haze value of 3% or less and a total light transmittance of 85% or more.
- the polymer oriented film of the present invention is useful as a retardation plate, an alignment film for liquid crystal display elements, a polarizing plate, a viewing angle widening plate, a color filter, a low pass filter, a light polarizing prism, various light filters and the like.
- the reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] at 20 ° C. of a solution having a concentration of 0.5 g / dl in methylene chloride as a solvent of the obtained copolymer was measured in accordance with JIS K 7367.
- Step 2 Synthesis of Compound II
- 38 g (0.28 mol) of 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 49.3 g (0.28 mol) of Intermediate A in a nitrogen stream It was dissolved in 1000 ml of 1-propanol and this solution was stirred at 80 ° C. for 1 hour. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to 20 ° C., and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration. The filtered solid was washed with 1-propanol and dried in a vacuum dryer to give 60.0 g of compound II as a pale yellow solid (yield: 72.7%).
- the structure of the target substance was identified by 1 H-NMR.
- the reaction product was diluted with 1 liter of methylene chloride, and then washed twice with 1.5 liters of water, once with 1 liter of 0.01 N hydrochloric acid, and twice with 1 liter of water.
- the resulting organic layer was poured into methanol and reprecipitated to obtain a polymer (I-1).
- the reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] at 20 ° C. of a solution of a concentration of 0.5 g / dl in methylene chloride as a solvent of the obtained polymer (I-1) was 0.74 dl / g.
- Example 2 Synthesis of Polymer (I-2)
- 74 g of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane was changed to 49.1 g
- 30 g of Compound I was changed to 61.4 g of Compound I.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a polymer (I-2).
- the reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] at 20 ° C. of a solution of a concentration of 0.5 g / dl in methylene chloride as a solvent of the obtained polymer (I-2) was 0.76 dl / g.
- Example 3 Synthesis of Polymer (I-3)
- 74 g of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane was changed to 87 g of 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane.
- the reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] at 20 ° C. of a solution of a concentration of 0.5 g / dl in methylene chloride as a solvent of the obtained polymer (I-3) was 0.75 dl / g.
- Example 4 Polymer (I-4) In Example 1, 74 g of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 59 g of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, and 9,9-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene. Synthesis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount was changed to 8 g, to obtain a polymer (I-4). The reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] at 20 ° C. of a solution of a concentration of 0.5 g / dl in methylene chloride as a solvent of the obtained polymer (I-4) was 0.77 dl / g.
- Example 5 Synthesis of Polymer (II-1) The synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 30 g of Compound I in Example 1 was replaced with 31.5 g of Compound II synthesized in Synthesis Example 2 above. , Polymer (II-1) was obtained. The reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] at 20 ° C. of a solution of a concentration of 0.5 g / dl in methylene chloride as a solvent of the obtained polymer (II-1) was 0.74 dl / g.
- Example 6 Synthesis of Polymer (II-2)
- 74 g of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane was changed to 49.1 g
- 30 g of Compound I was changed to 64.4 g of Compound II.
- the reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] at 20 ° C. of a solution of a concentration of 0.5 g / dl in methylene chloride as a solvent of the obtained polymer (II-1) was 0.76 dl / g.
- Example 7 Synthesis of Polymer (II-3)
- 74 g of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane was added to 87 g of 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane in 30 g of compound I.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 31.5 g of Compound II was replaced, to obtain a polymer (II-3).
- the reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] at 20 ° C. of a solution of a concentration of 0.5 g / dl in methylene chloride as a solvent of the obtained polymer (II-3) was 0.75 dl / g.
- a mixed solution was obtained by mixing a solution of 74 g of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane in 550 ml of a 6% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and 250 ml of methylene chloride. While stirring the obtained mixture, phosgene gas was blown into the solution at a rate of 950 ml / min for 15 minutes under cooling. Then, the reaction solution was allowed to stand and separated, and the organic layer was separated to obtain a methylene chloride solution of an oligomer having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 4 and having a chloroformate group at the molecular terminal.
- the reaction product is diluted with 1 liter of methylene chloride and then washed twice with 1.5 liters of water, once with 1 liter of 0.01 N hydrochloric acid, and twice with 1 liter of water, The phase was poured into methanol and reprecipitated to obtain a polymer (P1).
- the reduced viscosity [ ⁇ sp / c] at 20 ° C. of a solution of a concentration of 0.5 g / dl in methylene chloride as a solvent of the obtained polymer (P1) was 0.63 dl / g.
- Blend of polymer (Example 8) 20 g of the polymer (I-4) obtained in Example 4 and 20 g of the polymer (P1) obtained in Reference Example 1 were dissolved in methylene chloride to obtain a solution with a solid concentration of 20% by weight. The solution was stirred at 25 ° C. for 6 hours using a small stirrer to obtain a solution consisting of blend polymer (I-5).
- diol compounds A to D are as follows. ⁇ Diol compound A: 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane diol compound B: 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane diol compound C: 9,9-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) Fluorene-diol compound D: 9,9-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) fluorene
- Example 6 Heat Treatment of Unstretched Film
- the polymer (I-2) obtained in Example 2 was annealed at 220 ° C. for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a non-stretched retardation film.
- ⁇ is smaller than 1 and ⁇ is larger than 1.
- the film thickness ( ⁇ m) of the polymer film obtained by polymerization, the retardation (Re) at a wavelength of 548.5 nm, and the values of ⁇ and ⁇ are summarized in Table 2 below.
- the retardation films of Examples 8 to 16 have reverse wavelength dispersion in which ⁇ is smaller than 1 and ⁇ is larger than 1.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、従来の位相差板には、位相差板を通過して出力される偏光が有色の偏光に変換されてしまうという問題があった。これは、位相差板を構成する材料が位相差について波長分散性を有し、可視光域の光線が混在する合成波である白色光に対して各波長ごとの偏光状態に分布が生じることから、全ての波長領域において正確な1/4λあるいは1/2λの位相差に調整することが不可能であることに起因する。
このような問題を解決するため、広い波長域の光に対して均一な位相差を与え得る広帯域位相差板、いわゆる逆波長分散性を有する位相差板が種々検討されている(例えば、特許文献1~6)。
一方、モバイルパソコン、携帯電話等携帯型の情報端末の高機能化及び普及に伴い、フラットパネル表示装置の厚みを極力薄く抑えることが求められてきている。その結果、構成部材である位相差板の薄層化も求められている。
(1)分子内に、下記式(I)
A1は、置換基を有していてもよい三価の芳香族基を表す。
Axは、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表す。
Ayは、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、又は、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表す。
前記Ax及びAyが有する芳香環は置換基を有していてもよい。
また、前記AxとAyは一緒になって、環を形成していてもよい。
Q1は、水素原子、又は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。
〕で示される繰り返し単位(I)と、
下記式(II)
(2)前記繰り返し単位(I)中、A1が、三価の、ベンゼン環基又はナフタレン環基である(1)に記載の共重合体。
(3)前記(1)若しくは(2)に記載の共重合体の一種若しくは二種以上、又は、(1)若しくは(2)に記載の共重合体の一種若しくは二種以上と、他の高分子との混合物からなる光学異方体。
(4)フィルム状物である(3)に記載の光学異方体。
(5)前記(4)に記載のフィルム状の光学異方体を延伸してなる高分子配向フィルム。
1)共重合体
本発明の共重合体は、分子内に、下記式(I)で示される繰り返し単位(I)と、下記式(II)で示される繰り返し単位(II)とを有し、前記繰り返し単位(I)の存在割合が全繰り返し単位に対して5~90モル%であり、前記繰り返し単位(II)の存在割合が全繰り返し単位に対して95~10モル%である共重合体であって、塩化メチレンを溶媒とする、濃度0.5g/dlの溶液の20℃における還元粘度[ηsp/c]が0.3~2.0dl/gであることを特徴とする。
前記式(I)中、Y1は、化学的な単結合、-C(=O)-、又は、-O-C(=O)-を表し、本発明のより優れた効果を得ることができ、かつ、入手又は製造が容易であることから、Y1は、*-O-C(=O)-(*はA1との結合部位を表す。)であるのが好ましい。
なお、下記式においては、結合状態をより明確にすべく、置換基Y1及びOを便宜上記載している(Y1は前記と同じ意味を表す。以下にて同じ。)。また、下記式中、[-]は芳香環の結合手を示す(以下にて同じである。)。
A1の、三価の芳香族基が有する置換基としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子等のハロゲン原子;シアノ基;メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基等の炭素数1~6のアルキル基;ビニル基、アリル基等の炭素数2~6のアルケニル基;トリフルオロメチル基等の炭素数1~6のハロアルキル基;ジメチルアミノ基等の置換アミノ基;メトキシ基、エトキシ基、イソプロポキシ基等の炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基;ニトロ基;フェニル基、4-メチルフェニル基、2-クロロフェニル基、1-ナフチル基、2-ナフチル基等の、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基;-C(=O)-R16;-C(=O)-OR16;-SO2R16;等が挙げられる。
ここで、R16は、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基等の炭素数1~6のアルキル基;又は、フェニル基、1-ナフチル基、2-ナフチル基等の炭素数6~14のアリール基;を表す。
本発明において、「芳香環」は、Huckel則に従う広義の芳香族性を有する環状構造、すなわち、π電子を(4n+2)個有する環状共役構造、及びチオフェン、フラン、ベンゾチアゾール等に代表される、硫黄、酸素、窒素等のヘテロ原子の孤立電子対がπ電子系に関与して芳香族性を示すものを意味する。
なお、Axの炭素数2~30の有機基の「炭素数」は、置換基の炭素原子を含まない有機基全体の総炭素数を意味する(後述するAyにて同じである。)。
なお、前記総炭素数3~30のアルキル基、総炭素数4~30のアルケニル基、及び、総炭素数4~30のアルキニル基の「総炭素数」は、芳香環の炭素原子、及び、アルキル基部分、アルケニル基部分又はアルキニル基部分の炭素原子を含み、置換基の炭素原子を含まない、有機基全体の総炭素数を意味する。
(1)芳香族炭化水素環基
Ayが有する芳香環は、任意の位置に置換基を有していてもよい。かかる置換基としては、前記A1の、三価の芳香族基が有する置換基として列記したものと同様のものが挙げられる。
下記に示す基がさらに好ましく、
下記に示す基が特に好ましい。
これらの基は任意の位置に、前記A1の、三価の芳香族基が有する置換基として列記したものと同様の置換基を有していてもよい。
また、これらの環は置換基を有していてもよい。
かかる置換基としては、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、ニトロ基、-C(=O)-R19、-C(=O)-OR19、-SO2R19等が挙げられる。ここで、R19は、前記R16と同様の、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、又は炭素数6~14のアリール基を表す。
AxとAyの特に好ましい組み合わせとしては、Axが下記構造を有する基のいずれかであり、Ayが、水素原子、炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基、又は、(ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、若しくは炭素数3~8のシクロアルキル基)を置換基として有していてもよい炭素数1~12のアルキル基である組合せである。
Q1は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基を示す。
置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、前記Ayで例示したのと同様のものが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、Q1は、水素原子又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子及びメチル基がより好ましい。
このような範囲で、繰り返し単位(I)を含有する共重合体は、薄膜化が容易である。
本発明の共重合体は、分子内に、前記繰り返し単位(I)に加えて、前記式(II)で表される繰り返し単位を有する。
分子内に、前記繰り返し単位(I)に加えて、前記式(II)で表される繰り返し単位を有することで、得られるフィルムの位相差を変化させることが可能となり、それによって厚みを調整することも可能である。
A2の置換基を有していてもよいナフタレンジイル基としては、例えば、下記のものが挙げられる。
R1~R8のハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子等が挙げられる。
炭素数1~6の炭化水素基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基等の炭素数1~6のアルキル基;ビニル基、プロペニル基、アリル基等の炭素数2~6のアルケニル基;エチニル基、プロピニル基等の炭素数2~6のアルキニル基;シクロプロピル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等の炭素数3~6のシクロアルキル基;フェニル基、1-ナフチル基、2-ナフチル基等のアリール基;等が挙げられる。
かかる置換基としては、炭素数1~6の炭化水素基が炭素数1~6のアルキル基や炭素数2~6のアルケニル基、炭素数2~6のアルキニル基の場合には、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子等のハロゲン原子;メトキシ基、エトキシ基、イソプロポキシ基等の炭素数1唐のアルコキシ基;フェニル基、1-ナフチル基、2-ナフチル基等のアリール基;等が挙げられる。
また、炭素数3~6のシクロアルキル基やアリール基の場合には、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子等のハロゲン原子;メチル基、エチル基等の炭素数1~6のアルキル基;ビニル基、プロペニル基等の炭素数2~6のアルケニル基;エチニル基、プロピニル基等の炭素数2~6のアルキニル基;シクロプロピル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等の炭素数3~6のシクロアルキル基;フェニル基、1-ナフチル基、2-ナフチル基等のアリール基;ニトロ基;等が挙げられる。
炭素数1~6のハロアルキル基としては、フルオロメチル基、クロロメチル基、ブロモメチル基、ジフルオロメチル基、ジクロロメチル基、ジブロモメチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、トリクロロメチル基、トリブロモメチル基、2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル基、ペンタフルオロエチル基、ヘプタフルオロプロピル基等が挙げられる。
置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基のアリール基としては、フェニル基、1-ナフチル基、2-ナフチル基等が挙げられる。
また、炭素数6~20のアリール基の置換基とては、フッ素原子、塩素原子等のハロゲン原子;メチル基、エチル基等の炭素数1~6のアルキル基;メトキシ基、エトキシ基等の炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基;ニトロ基;シアノ基;等が挙げられる。
で表される基であることが好ましく、
(ii)前記式(IIIa)で表される基であって、式(IIIa)中、Tが前記と同じ意味を表し、R1、R6がそれぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基であることがより好ましく、
(iii)前記式(IIIa)で表される基であって、式(IIIa)中、Tが前記と同じ意味を表し、R1、R6がそれぞれ独立に、水素原子又はメチル基であることがさらに好ましい。
(i)共重合体(A1)
前記繰り返し単位(I)において、Y1が-O-C(=O)-であり、前記繰り返し単位(II)において、Y2が-O-C(=O)-である共重合体
(ii)共重合体(A2)
前記繰り返し単位(I)において、Y1が-O-C(=O)-であり、前記繰り返し単位(II)において、Y2が-C(=O)-である共重合体
(iii)共重合体(A3)
前記繰り返し単位(I)において、Y1が-C(=O)-であり、前記繰り返し単位(II)において、Y2が-O-C(=O)-である共重合体
(iv)共重合体(A4)
前記繰り返し単位(I)において、Y1が-C(=O)-であり、前記繰り返し単位(II)において、Y2が-C(=O)-である共重合体
(v)共重合体(A5)
前記繰り返し単位(I)において、Y1が-O-C(=O)-であり、前記繰り返し単位(II)において、Y2が化学的な単結合である共重合体
(vi)共重合体(A6)
前記繰り返し単位(I)において、Y1が化学的な単結合であり、前記繰り返し単位(II)において、Y2が-O-C(=O)-である共重合体
(vii)共重合体(A7)
前記繰り返し単位(I)において、Y1が-C(=O)-であり、前記繰り返し単位(II)において、Y2が化学的な単結合である共重合体
(viii)共重合体(A8)
前記繰り返し単位(I)において、Y1が化学的な単結合であり、前記繰り返し単位(II)において、Y2が-C(=O)-である共重合体
(ix)共重合体(A9)
前記繰り返し単位(I)において、Y1が化学的な単結合であり、前記繰り返し単位(II)において、Y2が化学的な単結合である共重合体
前記繰り返し単位(I)と繰り返し単位(II)の存在割合がこの範囲にあることで、得られるフィルムの位相差を変化させることが可能となり、それによって厚みを調整することも可能である。
また、本発明の共重合体において、前記繰り返し単位(I)と繰り返し単位(II)の存在割合をこの範囲内において適宜なものとすることで、所望の波長分散性を有する光学異方体を得ることができる。
本発明の共重合体(A)の内、好ましく用いることができる(A1)は、例えば、以下に示す方法により製造することができる。
(1)製造方法1
上記反応に用いるヒドラゾン化合物(3a)は、例えば、次のようにして製造することが出来る。
すなわち、適当な溶媒中、式(5a)で表されるカルボニル化合物(カルボニル化合物(5a))と、式(6)で表されるヒドラジン化合物(ヒドラジン化合物(6))とを反応させることにより、ヒドラゾン化合物(3a)を得ることができる。
上記反応に用いるヒドラゾン化合物(6)は、次のようにして製造することができる。
すなわち、式(8a)で表される化合物とヒドラジン(7)を、アルコール系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、又はアルコール系溶媒とエーテル系溶媒との混合溶媒等の、適当な溶媒中、(化合物(8a):ヒドラジン(7))のモル比で、1:1~1:20、好ましくは1:2~1:10で反応させて、対応するヒドラジン化合物(9)を得ることができ、さらに、ヒドラジン化合物(9)と式(8b)で表される化合物を反応させることで、ヒドラジン化合物(6)を得ることができる。
反応は、-10℃から用いる溶媒の沸点までの温度範囲で円滑に進行する。各反応の反応時間は、反応規模にもよるが、通常、数分から数時間である。
反応に用いる溶媒としては、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、n-プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、n-ブチルアルコール、イソブチルアルコール、sec-ブチルアルコール、t-ブチルアルコール、n-ペンチルアルコール、アミルアルコール等のアルコール系溶媒;ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、1,4-ジオキサン、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル等のエーテル系溶媒;等が挙げられる。これらの溶媒は1種単独で、あるいは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
また、酸触媒はそのまま添加してもよいし、適当な溶媒に溶解させた溶液として添加してもよい。
ジオール化合物(4a)の具体例を以下に示す。但し、本発明は以下の化合物に限定されるものではない。
ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン、1,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ブタン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ブタン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)オクタン、4,4-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘプタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1,1-ジフェニルメタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1-フェニルエタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1-フェニルメタン、1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エーテル、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)スルフィド、ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)スルホン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロペンタン、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン、2,2-ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2-(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-2-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1-フェニルエタン、1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-2,2-ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)スルフィド、ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)スルホン、ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、1,1-ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン、2,2-ビス(2-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、1,1-ビス(2-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)ブタン、1,1-ビス(2-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルフェニル)エタン、1,1-ビス(2-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)プロパン、1,1-ビス(2-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)ブタン、1,1-ビス(2-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)イソブタン、1,1-ビス(2-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)ヘプタン、1,1-ビス(2-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)-1-フェニルメタン、1,1-ビス(2-tert-アミル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)ブタン、ビス(3-クロロ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、ビス(3,5-ジブロモ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、2,2-ビス(3-クロロ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-フルオロ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-ブロモ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3,5-ジフルオロ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3,5-ジクロロ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3,5-ジブロモ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3-ブロモ-4-ヒドロキシ-5-クロロフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3,5-ジクロロ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ブタン、2,2-ビス(3,5-ジブロモ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ブタン、1-フェニル-1,1-ビス(3-フルオロ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタン、ビス(3-フルオロ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エーテル、1,1-ビス(3-シクロヘキシル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン、4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、4,4’-ジヒドロキシ-3,3’-ジメチルビフェニル、4,4’-ジヒドロキシ-2,2’-ジメチルビフェニル、4,4’-ジヒドロキシ-3,3’-ジシクロヘキシルビフェニル、3,3’-ジフルオロ-4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、9,9-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン、9,9-ビス(3-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン等が挙げられる。これらビスフェノール化合物は、1種単独で、あるいは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることもできる。
これらの中でも、ジオール化合物(4a)としては、下記のいずれかが好ましい。
上記反応において、ヒドラゾン化合物(3a)とジオール化合物(4a)の使用量は、ヒドラゾン化合物(3a)とジオール化合物(4a)のモル比で、[ヒドラゾン化合物(3a)];〔ジオール化合物(4a)〕=5:95~90:10である。
これらは一種単独で、あるいは二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。また、互いに混ざり合わない2種の溶媒(例えば、ハロゲン化炭化水素類と水との混合溶媒)を用いてもよい。
溶媒の使用量は、反応規模にも依存するが、ヒドラゾン化合物(3a)1gに対し、通常、0.1~100mlである。また、ハロゲン化炭化水素類と水との混合溶媒を用いる場合には、ヒドラゾン化合物(3a)1gに対し、通常、ハロゲン化炭化水素類及び水ともに、0.1~100mlである。
用いる分子量調節剤としては、重合度調節には、フェノール、p-t-ブチルフェノール、p-クミルフェノール等のフェノール類等の一官能基化合物が挙げられる。
また、重縮合反応を促進するために、トリエチルアミンのような第三級アミン又は第四級アンモニウム塩等の触媒を添加して反応を行ってもよい。
さらに、所望に応じ、亜硫酸ナトリウム、ハイドロサルファイド等の酸化防止剤を少量添加してもよい。
(i)先ず、ジオール化合物(4a)と塩基との混合溶液を調製し、そこへ、ホスゲン類または炭酸エステル類を添加し、全容を攪拌することにより、重合度が2~10程度であり、分子末端にクロロホルメート基を有するオリゴマーの溶液を得る。
(ii)別に、ヒドラゾン化合物(3a)と塩基との混合溶液を調製する。
(iii)次いで、このものと、前記オリゴマー溶液とを混合することにより、目的とする共重合体(A1)を含む反応液を得る。この際に、重合度を調節するために、反応液に分子量調節剤を添加してもよい。
(iv)得られた反応液から、常法により、目的とする共重合体(A1)を単離することが出来る。
このような2段階法によれば、反応の制御が容易であり、精度の高い分子量コントロールを行なうことができる。
反応時間は、反応温度等によって左右されるが、通常0.5分間から10時間、好ましくは1分間から2時間である。
共重合体(A1)は、ヒドラゾン化合物(3a)及びジオール化合物(4a)と、ジフェニルカーボネート等のビスアリールカーボネートとのエステル交換法によっても製造することができる。
反応形式としては、溶融重縮合法、固相重縮合法等が挙げられる。
溶融重縮合法を行なう場合は、上記2種又は3種の単量体〔ヒドラゾン化合物(3a)及びシオール化合物(4a)〕を混合し、減圧下で高温において溶融状態で反応させる。
反応は、通常150~350℃、好ましくは200~300℃の範囲の温度において行なわれる。
反応時間は反応温度や減圧度等によって左右されるが、通常1~4時間程度である。反応は窒素やアルゴン等の不活性ガス雰囲気下で行なうことが好ましく、また、所望に応じて前記の分子量調節剤や酸化防止剤等を添加して反応を行なってもよい。
目的とする共重合体の構造は、NMRスペクトル、IRスペクトル、マススペクトル等の測定、元素分析等により、同定することができる。
還元粘度[ηsp/c]が0.3dl/g未満では、脆くなり機械的強度を保てなくなるおそれがある。一方、還元粘度[ηsp/c]が2.0dl/gを超えると、溶液粘度が高すぎて、重合後の精製が困難になったり、成膜時にダイラインが発生したりすることがある。
還元粘度は、JIS K7367に準拠して測定することができる。
本発明の光学異方体は、本発明の共重合体の一種又は二種以上、又は、本発明の共重合体の一種又は二種以上と、他の高分子との混合物からなるものである。
本発明の光学異方体は、本発明の共重合体を構成材料としているので、広い波長域において一様の偏光変換が可能で、光学的特性に優れる。
(α)本発明の共重合体の一種からなる光学異方体
(β)本発明の共重合体の二種以上の混合物からなる光学異方体
(γ)本発明の共重合体の一種又は二種以上と、他の高分子との混合物からなる光学異方体
これらの中でも、(α)又は(β)が好ましい。
また、前記(γ)の光学異方体に用いる他の高分子(本発明の共重合体を除く)としては、特に制限されないが、耐熱性に優れ、光学性能が良好で、溶液製膜ができる材料、特に熱可塑性ポリマーが好ましい。
本発明の光学異方体がフィルム状物の場合、その厚みは、特に限定されないが、通常、1μm~1000μmである。
例えば、フィルム状の光学異方体は、公知の溶融押し出し法、溶液キャスト法、好ましくは溶液キャスト法により製造することができる。
基板としては、有機材料が好ましく、この有機材料をフィルムとした樹脂フィルムが更に好ましい。
また、用いる基板は、単層のものであっても、積層体であってもよく、長尺状のものであっても、短冊状のものであってもよい。
本発明の高分子配向フィルムは、本発明のフィルム状の光学異方体(未延伸フィルム)を延伸により配向させたフィルムである。
延伸とは、高分子フィルムを、フィルムを構成する高分子材料のガラス移転温度(Tg)以上、融点以下の温度で、一軸又は二軸方向に引き伸ばし、鎖状高分子を延伸した方向に配向させる処理をいう。
高分子フィルム(フィルム状の光学異方体)に延伸処理を施すことにより、フィルム内の分子を引き伸ばされた方向に配向させ、フィルムの、配向方向の強度、硬性、耐衝撃強度を増加させることができる。
(合成例1)化合物Iの合成
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6,TMS,δppm):12.18(s,1H)、9.72(s,1H)、9.00(s,1H)、8.41(s,1H)、7.77(d,1H,J=7.5Hz)、7.41(d,1H,J=8.0Hz)、7.28(ddd,1H,J=1.0Hz,8.0Hz,8.0Hz)、7.13-7.10(m,2H)、6.78(d,1H,J=8.5Hz)、6.73(d,1H,J=3.0Hz,8.5Hz)
目的物の構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
1H-NMR(500MHz、CDCl3,TMS,δppm):7.61(dd,1H,J=1.0Hz,8.0Hz)、7.55(dd,1H,J=1.0Hz,7.5Hz)、7.29(ddd,1H,J=1.0Hz,7.5Hz,8.0Hz)、7.08(ddd,1H,J=1.0Hz,7.5Hz,7.5Hz)、4.31(s,2H)、3.45(s,3H)
温度計を備えた4つ口反応器に、窒素気流中、2,5-ジヒドロキシベンズアルデヒド38g(0.28mol)、及び、中間体A 49.3g(0.28mol)を1-プロパノール1000mlに溶解させ、この溶液を80℃で1時間撹拌した。反応終了後、反応液を20℃まで冷却し、析出した固体をろ取した。ろ取した固体を1-プロパノールで洗浄後、真空乾燥機で乾燥させて、淡黄色固体として、化合物IIを60.0g得た(収率:72.7%)。
目的物の構造は1H-NMRで同定した。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,TMS,δppm):9.42(s,1H)、8.97(s,1H)、8.08(s,1H)、7.84(dd,1H,J=1.0Hz,8.0Hz)、7.60(dd,1H,J=1.0Hz,8.0Hz)、7.38(ddd,1H,J=1.0Hz,7.5Hz,8.0Hz)、7.19(d,1H,J=3.0Hz)、7.16(ddd,1H,J=1.0Hz,7.5Hz,8.0Hz)、6.77(d,1H,J=9.0Hz)、6.70(dd,1H,J=9.0Hz)、3.70(s,3H)
(実施例1)ポリマー(I-1)の合成
2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン 74gを、6%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液550mlに溶解した溶液に、塩化メチレン250mlを加えた。全容を攪拌しながら、冷却下、液中にホスゲンガスを950ml/分の割合で15分間吹き込んだ。次いで、この反応液を静置分離し、有機層として、重合度が2~4であり、分子末端にクロロホルメート基を有するオリゴマーの塩化メチレン溶液を得た。得られたオリゴマーの塩化メチレン溶液に塩化メチレンを加えて、全量を450mlとした後、先の合成例1で合成した化合物Iの30gを、8%濃度の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液150mlに溶解した溶液と混合し、これに分子量調節剤であるp-tert-ブチルフェノール 3.0gを加えた。次いで、この混合溶液を激しく攪拌しながら、触媒として7%トリエチルアミン水溶液2mlを加え、全容を28℃で1.5時間攪拌した。反応終了後、反応生成物を塩化メチレン1リットルで希釈し、次いで、水1.5リットルで2回、0.01N塩酸1リットルで1回、水1リットルで2回の順で洗浄した。得られた有機層をメタノール中に投入して、再沈殿させることにより、ポリマー(I-1)を得た。
得られたポリマー(I-1)の、塩化メチレンを溶媒とする濃度0.5g/dlの溶液の20℃における還元粘度[ηsp/c]は、0.74dl/gであった。
実施例1において、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン74gを49.1gに、化合物I 30gを化合物I 61.4gに替えた以外は、実施例1と同様に合成を行い、ポリマー(I-2)を得た。
得られたポリマー(I-2)の、塩化メチレンを溶媒とする濃度0.5g/dlの溶液の20℃における還元粘度[ηsp/c]は、0.76dl/gであった。
実施例1において、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン 74gを、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン 87gに替えた以外は、同様に合成を行い、ポリマー(I-3)を得た。
得られたポリマー(I-3)の、塩化メチレンを溶媒とする濃度0.5g/dlの溶液の20℃における還元粘度[ηsp/c]は、0.75dl/gであった。
実施例1において、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン74gを、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン 59g、及び、9,9-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン 22.8gに替えた以外は、実施例1と同様に合成を行い、ポリマー(I-4)を得た。
得られたポリマー(I-4)の、塩化メチレンを溶媒とする濃度0.5g/dlの溶液の20℃における還元粘度[ηsp/c]は、0.77dl/gであった。
実施例1において、化合物I 30gを先の合成例2で合成した化合物II 31.5gに替えた以外は、実施例1と同様に合成を行い、ポリマー(II-1)を得た。
得られたポリマー(II-1)の、塩化メチレンを溶媒とする濃度0.5g/dlの溶液の20℃における還元粘度[ηsp/c]は、0.74dl/gであった。
実施例1において、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン 74gを49.1gに、化合物I 30gを化合物II 64.4gに替えた以外は、実施例1と同様に合成を行い、ポリマー(II-2)を得た。
得られたポリマー(II-1)の、塩化メチレンを溶媒とする濃度0.5g/dlの溶液の20℃における還元粘度[ηsp/c]は、0.76dl/gであった。
実施例1において、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン 74gを1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン 87gに、化合物I 30gを化合物II 31.5gに替えた以外は、実施例1と同様に合成を行い、ポリマー(II-3)を得た。
得られたポリマー(II-3)の、塩化メチレンを溶媒とする濃度0.5g/dlの溶液の20℃における還元粘度[ηsp/c]は、0.75dl/gであった。
2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン74gを6%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液550mlに溶解した溶液と、塩化メチレン250mlとを混合して混合液を得た。得られた混合液を攪拌しながら、冷却下、液中にホスゲンガスを950ml/分の割合で15分間吹き込んだ。次いで、この反応液を静置分離し、有機層を分取して、重合度が2~4であり、分子末端にクロロホルメート基を有するオリゴマーの塩化メチレン溶液を得た。
得られたオリゴマーの塩化メチレン溶液に塩化メチレンを加えて、全量を450mlとした後、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン24gを8%濃度の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液150mlに溶解した溶液と混合し、これに分子量調節剤であるp-tert-ブチルフェノール3.0gを加えた。次いで、この混合溶液を激しく攪拌しながら触媒として7%トリエチルアミン水溶液2mlを加え、全容を28℃で1.5時間攪拌した。
反応終了後、反応生成物を塩化メチレン1リットルで希釈し、次いで、水1.5リットルで2回、0.01N塩酸1リットルで1回、水1リットルで2回の順で洗浄し、有機相をメタノール中に投入し再沈殿させることにより、ポリマー(P1)を得た。
得られたポリマー(P1)の、塩化メチレンを溶媒とする濃度0.5g/dlの溶液の20℃における還元粘度[ηsp/c]は、0.63dl/gであった。
攪拌機、温度計及び還流冷却器を備えた反応器に、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液及びイオン交換水を仕込み、これに上記構造を有するモノマー、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン 100gと、9,9-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルフェニル)フルオレン 352gを溶解させ、少量のハイドロサルファイトを加えた。
次に、これに塩化メチレンを加え、20℃でホスゲンを約60分かけて吹き込んだ。さらに、p-tert-ブチルフェノールを加えて乳化させた後、トリエチルアミンを加えて30℃で約3時間攪拌した。反応終了後、反応液を静置して分液し、有機層を分取した。得られた有機層から塩化メチレンを蒸発除去させて、ポリカーボネート共重合体(P2)を得た。
得られた共重合体の組成比は、モノマー仕込み量比とほぼ同様であった。
この共重合体を塩化メチレンに溶解させ、固形分濃度15重量%のドープ溶液を作製した。このドープ溶液からキャストフィルムを作製し、温度218℃で、延伸倍率1.9倍で幅自由一軸延伸し、位相差フィルムを得た。
(実施例8)
実施例4で得られたポリマー(I-4)20g、参考例1で得られたポリマー(P1)20gを塩化メチレンに溶解させ、固形分濃度20重量%の溶液とした。この溶液を小型攪拌機を用いて25℃にて6時間攪拌し、ブレンドポリマー(I-5)からなる溶液を得た。
先のポリマーの合成で得られたポリマー(I-1)~(I-4)及びポリマー(II-1)~(II-3)をそれぞれ塩化メチレンに溶解させ、固形分濃度20重量%の溶液をそれぞれ調製した。
次いで、これらの溶液からそれぞれのポリマーからなるキャストフィルムをそれぞれ作製した。
フィルムの作製で得られたポリマー(I-1)~(I-4)及びポリマー(II-1)~(II-3)、ブレンドポリマー(I-5)からなるそれぞれの未延伸のフィルムを表1に示す温度、倍率で幅自由一軸延伸し、位相差フィルムを得た。
表1中、ジオール化合物A~Dは下記のものである。
・ジオール化合物A:2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン
・ジオール化合物B:1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン
・ジオール化合物C:9,9-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン
・ジオール化合物D:9,9-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3-メチルフェニル)フルオレン
実施例2で得られたポリマー(I-2)を窒素雰囲気下にて220℃で3時間アニール処理し、未延伸の位相差フィルムを得た。
先の延伸フィルムの作製及び未延伸フィルムの熱処理で得られた試料につき、400nmから800nm間の位相差を、エリプソメーター(J.A.Woollam社製 M2000U型)を用いて測定した。
測定した位相差を用いて、以下のように算出されるα、β値から波長分散を評価した。
Claims (5)
- 分子内に、下記式(I)
A1は、置換基を有していてもよい三価の芳香族基を表す。
Axは、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表す。
Ayは、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、又は、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族複素環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表す。
前記Ax及びAyが有する芳香環は、置換基を有していてもよい。
また、前記AxとAyは一緒になって、環を形成していてもよい。
Q1は、水素原子、又は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。
〕で示される繰り返し単位(I)と、
下記式(II)
A2は、置換基を有していてもよいナフタレンジイル基、又は、下記式(III)で示される基を表す。
で示される繰り返し単位(II)を有し、
前記繰り返し単位(I)の存在割合が、全繰り返し単位に対して5~90モル%であり、前記繰り返し単位(II)の存在割合が、全繰り返し単位に対して95~10モル%である共重合体であって、
塩化メチレンを溶媒とする、濃度0.5g/dlの溶液の20℃における還元粘度[ηsp/c]が0.3~2.0dl/gであることを特徴とする共重合体。 - 前記繰り返し単位(I)中、A1が、三価の、ベンゼン環基又はナフタレン環基である請求項1に記載の共重合体。
- 請求項1若しくは2に記載の共重合体の一種若しくは二種以上、又は、請求項1若しくは2に記載の共重合体の一種若しくは二種以上と、他の高分子との混合物からなる光学異方体。
- フィルム状物である請求項3に記載の光学異方体。
- 請求項4に記載のフィルム状の光学異方体を延伸してなる高分子配向フィルム。
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US14/434,652 US9207362B2 (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2013-10-04 | Copolymer, optically anisotropic substance, and oriented polymer film |
KR1020157008327A KR102137121B1 (ko) | 2012-10-10 | 2013-10-04 | 공중합체, 광학 이방체 및 고분자 배향 필름 |
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JP2016190818A (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-10 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 1,1−ジ置換ヒドラジン化合物の製造方法 |
WO2017169839A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-05 | Dic株式会社 | 2-ヒドラジノベンゾチアゾール誘導体の製造方法 |
WO2019151263A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-05 | 2019-08-08 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 1,1-ジ置換ヒドラジン化合物の製造方法および重合性化合物の製造方法 |
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CN108431175A (zh) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-08-21 | 日本瑞翁株式会社 | 液晶性组合物、液晶固化层及其制造方法、以及光学膜 |
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US20150232625A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
KR20150070125A (ko) | 2015-06-24 |
EP2907835B1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
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EP2907835A4 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
KR102137121B1 (ko) | 2020-07-23 |
CN104684964B (zh) | 2016-11-02 |
US9207362B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 |
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