WO2012029805A1 - 電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物、二次電池用多孔膜の製造方法、二次電池用多孔膜、二次電池用電極、二次電池用セパレーター及び二次電池 - Google Patents
電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物、二次電池用多孔膜の製造方法、二次電池用多孔膜、二次電池用電極、二次電池用セパレーター及び二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012029805A1 WO2012029805A1 PCT/JP2011/069644 JP2011069644W WO2012029805A1 WO 2012029805 A1 WO2012029805 A1 WO 2012029805A1 JP 2011069644 W JP2011069644 W JP 2011069644W WO 2012029805 A1 WO2012029805 A1 WO 2012029805A1
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- water
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- secondary battery
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Classifications
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/429—Natural polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a slurry composition for a battery porous membrane, a porous membrane for a secondary battery using the same, a method for producing the same, an electrode for a secondary battery provided with the porous membrane for a secondary battery, and a secondary battery.
- the present invention relates to a separator and a secondary battery.
- lithium ion secondary batteries exhibit a high energy density, and are often used especially for small electronics. In addition to small-sized applications, development for automobiles is also expected. Among them, there is a demand for extending the life of lithium ion secondary batteries and further improving safety.
- a lithium ion secondary battery generally includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode including an electrode mixture layer (also referred to as an electrode active material layer) carried on a current collector, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the electrode mixture layer usually contains an electrode active material having an average particle diameter of about 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and a binder for the electrode mixture layer.
- the electrode is usually manufactured by applying a mixture slurry containing a powdered electrode active material on a current collector to form an electrode mixture layer.
- a separator for separating the positive electrode and the negative electrode a very thin separator having a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m is usually used.
- a lithium ion secondary battery is manufactured through a lamination process of an electrode and a separator, a cutting process of cutting into a predetermined electrode shape, and the like.
- the electrode active material may fall off from the electrode mixture layer, and some of the dropped electrode active material may be contained in the battery as foreign matter.
- a foreign substance has a particle diameter of about 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, which is about the same as the thickness of the separator, and thus may penetrate the separator in the assembled battery and cause a short circuit.
- the separator made of a stretched resin such as a stretched polyethylene resin is also heated.
- a separator made of stretched resin tends to shrink even at a temperature of 150 ° C. or lower, and easily causes a short circuit of the battery.
- a sharply shaped protrusion such as a nail penetrates the battery (for example, during a nail penetration test)
- reaction heat is generated, and the short circuit part expands.
- porous film on the surface of the electrode rather than providing a porous film on the separator.
- the porous film is unlikely to shrink due to heat, so if a porous film is provided on the surface of the electrode, the risk of short circuit is greatly reduced, and a significant improvement in safety is expected.
- the porous film it is possible to prevent the electrode active material from falling off during the battery manufacturing process.
- the porous film since the porous film has pores, the electrolytic solution can penetrate into the porous film, and the battery reaction is not hindered.
- the porous film is usually obtained by preparing a slurry composition in which a porous film material is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, and applying and drying the slurry composition.
- a slurry composition in which a porous film material is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, and applying and drying the slurry composition.
- the conventional porous membrane since the dispersibility of the nonconductive particles in the slurry composition was not sufficient, aggregation of the nonconductive particles was likely to occur.
- an acrylic copolymer having a sulfonic acid group and an epoxy group is crosslinked during the polymerization of a sulfonic acid group and an epoxy group in the same molecular chain, Gelation is likely to occur during storage, and it may be difficult to uniformly disperse non-conductive particles.
- the conventional slurry composition requires a large force when the nonconductive particles are dispersed, the nonconductive particles may be crushed by the force applied during the dispersion.
- the particle size of the non-conductive particles changes, so that the porosity of the resulting porous film may be reduced, and the rate characteristics of the battery may be impaired.
- the specific surface area of the porous film is increased, the amount of water adsorbed on the non-conductive particles is increased, and the amount of gas generation is increased. High temperature cycle characteristics) may be impaired.
- improvement in production efficiency is also required.
- the present invention was devised in view of the above problems, and is a slurry composition for a battery porous membrane excellent in dispersibility of non-conductive particles, a method for producing a porous membrane for a secondary battery using the same, a secondary It aims at providing the porous film for batteries, the electrode for secondary batteries, the separator for secondary batteries, and a secondary battery.
- the present inventors have found that in a slurry composition for a battery porous membrane containing water as a solvent, non-conductive particles, a water-soluble polymer having a sulfonic acid group, and a water-insoluble
- the present inventors have found that the dispersibility of non-conductive particles can be remarkably improved by including a combination with a conductive particulate polymer, thereby completing the present invention. That is, according to the present invention, the following [1] to [11] are provided.
- a slurry composition for a battery porous membrane comprising water.
- the water-insoluble particulate polymer contains a (meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit and a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit,
- the water-insoluble particulate polymer has a repeating unit having a crosslinkable functional group, The amount of the repeating unit having a crosslinkable functional group is 0.01 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the (meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit and the (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit.
- membrane [8] A porous membrane for a secondary battery produced by the method for producing a porous membrane for a secondary battery according to [7]. [9] current collector; An electrode mixture layer comprising a binder for an electrode mixture layer and an electrode active material provided on the surface of the current collector; An electrode for a secondary battery, comprising the porous film according to [8] provided on the surface of the electrode mixture layer.
- an organic separator The separator for secondary batteries provided with the porous film as described in [8] provided in the surface of the said organic separator.
- a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution are provided.
- a secondary battery, wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is a secondary battery electrode according to [9].
- a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolytic solution are provided.
- the secondary battery whose said separator is a separator for secondary batteries as described in [10].
- the slurry composition for battery porous films which is excellent in the dispersibility of a nonelectroconductive particle, the manufacturing method of the porous film for secondary batteries using the same, the porous film for secondary batteries, and for secondary batteries An electrode, a separator for a secondary battery, and a secondary battery can be realized. Further, usually, the following advantages can be obtained.
- non-conductive particles can be dispersed in a short time, and less energy is required for the dispersion.
- a porous membrane can be produced efficiently.
- the coating accuracy of the slurry composition for battery porous membrane of the present invention is improved, and the smoothness of the porous membrane for secondary battery of the present invention is improved. it can. Therefore, the thickness unevenness of the porous membrane for a secondary battery of the present invention can be reduced, and the safety of the secondary battery of the present invention can be improved.
- the smoothness of the porous membrane for a secondary battery of the present invention is improved, the slipperiness of the surface of the porous membrane is also improved. Therefore, by winding a battery element comprising the porous membrane for a secondary battery of the present invention around a pin, a wound cell When it is manufactured, it becomes easy to remove the pin. That is, the pin pull-out property can be improved.
- porous membrane for a secondary battery of the present invention an unintentional increase / decrease in the particle size of the non-conductive particles can be prevented, so that the porosity and specific surface area can be easily within a desired range. Therefore, it is possible to improve the rate characteristics and high-temperature cycle characteristics of the secondary battery of the present invention.
- (meth) acryl means “acryl” or “methacryl”.
- the slurry composition for a battery porous membrane of the present invention includes at least non-conductive particles, a water-soluble polymer having a sulfonic acid group, and water-insoluble particles. And a water-like polymer.
- the slurry composition of the present invention a part of the water-soluble polymer is dissolved in water, but another part of the water-soluble polymer is adsorbed on the surface of the non-conductive particle, whereby the non-conductive particle is Covered with a water-soluble polymer layer (dispersion stable layer), the dispersibility of non-conductive particles in water is improved.
- the slurry composition of the present invention includes non-conductive particles.
- nonconductive particles inorganic particles are usually used. This is because inorganic particles are excellent in dispersion stability, hardly settle in the slurry composition of the present invention, and can maintain a uniform slurry state for a long time.
- the material of the non-conductive particles is electrochemically stable and suitable for preparing the slurry composition of the present invention by mixing with a water-soluble polymer and a water-insoluble particulate polymer. Material is preferred.
- non-conductive particle material examples include aluminum oxide (alumina), silicon oxide, magnesium oxide (magnesia), calcium oxide, titanium oxide (titania), BaTiO 3 , ZrO, alumina- Oxide particles such as silica composite oxide; nitride particles such as aluminum nitride and boron nitride; covalently bonded crystal particles such as silicon and diamond; sparingly soluble ionic crystal particles such as barium sulfate, calcium fluoride and barium fluoride; And clay fine particles such as talc and montmorillonite. In addition, these particles may be subjected to element substitution, surface treatment, solid solution, and the like as necessary.
- the non-conductive particles may contain one kind of the above materials alone in one particle, or may contain two or more kinds in combination at any ratio. . Further, the non-conductive particles may be used in combination of two or more kinds of particles formed of different materials.
- oxide particles are preferable from the viewpoints of stability in the electrolytic solution and potential stability, and titanium oxide and magnesium oxide are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of low water absorption and excellent heat resistance (for example, resistance to high temperature of 180 ° C. or higher).
- aluminum oxide is more preferable, and aluminum oxide is particularly preferable.
- the volume average particle diameter D50 of the nonconductive particles is usually 0.1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and usually 5 ⁇ m or less, preferably 2 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the porous membrane of the present invention By using non-conductive particles having such a volume average particle diameter D50, even if the thickness of the porous membrane for a secondary battery of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the porous membrane of the present invention”) is small, it is uniform. Since a porous film can be obtained, the capacity of the battery can be increased.
- the volume average particle diameter D50 represents a particle diameter at which the cumulative volume calculated from the small diameter side is 50% in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction method.
- the value of the volume average particle diameter D50 evaluated here is how much the particle diameter (primary particle diameter) of the particles (primary particles) when the non-conductive particles are present alone without agglomeration.
- the dispersibility of the non-conductive particles in the slurry composition of the present invention can be evaluated depending on whether it is close.
- the BET specific surface area of the non-conductive particles is, for example, preferably 0.9 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 1.5 m 2 / g or more. Further, from the viewpoint of suppressing aggregation of non-conductive particles and optimizing the fluidity of the slurry composition of the present invention, the BET specific surface area is not too large, and is preferably 150 m 2 / g or less, for example.
- the amount of the non-conductive particles contained in the slurry composition of the present invention is usually 70% when the slurry composition of the present invention contains the water-soluble polymer and the water-insoluble particulate polymer in the amount (parts by weight) described later. Part or more, preferably 80 parts by weight or more, more preferably 85 parts by weight or more, and usually 99 parts by weight or less.
- the slurry composition of the present invention contains a water-soluble polymer.
- the water-soluble polymer means a polymer having an insoluble content of less than 0.5% by weight when 25 g of the polymer is dissolved in 100 g of water at 25 ° C.
- a water-insoluble polymer refers to a polymer having an insoluble content of 90% by weight or more when 25 g of the polymer is dissolved in 100 g of water at 25 ° C.
- the dispersibility of non-conductive particles in the slurry composition of the present invention can be improved. This is presumably because the water-soluble polymer dissolved in the solvent water adsorbs on the surface of the non-conductive particles and covers the surface, thereby suppressing aggregation of the non-conductive particles. Since the dispersibility of the non-conductive particles can be improved as described above, the slurry composition of the present invention has improved stability over time, and the particle size of the non-conductive particles does not significantly change even when stored for a long period of time.
- the water-soluble polymer a polymer having a sulfonic acid group (—SO 3 H) is used.
- the density of the sulfonic acid group in the water-soluble polymer increases, the dispersibility of the non-conductive particles improves, and the viscosity of the slurry composition of the present invention usually decreases. Therefore, it is preferable that the water-soluble polymer has as many sulfonic acid groups as possible to obtain the effects of the present invention.
- the weight ratio of the sulfonic acid group in 100% by weight of the water-soluble polymer is preferably 1% by weight or more, more preferably 2% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 4% by weight or more.
- the sulfonic acid group of the water-soluble polymer usually undergoes a crosslinking reaction when producing the porous membrane of the present invention, a crosslinked structure is formed by the sulfonic acid group in the porous membrane of the present invention.
- the upper limit of the weight ratio of the sulfonic acid group in the water-soluble polymer is preferably 70% by weight or less, more preferably 60% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 50% by weight or less.
- the water-soluble polymer has a repeating unit having a sulfonic acid group (hereinafter referred to as “sulfonic acid unit” as appropriate).
- sulfonic acid unit examples include monomers obtained by sulfonated one of conjugated double bonds of diene compounds such as isoprene and butadiene, vinyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, Sulfonic acid group-containing monomers or salts thereof such as sulfoethyl methacrylate and sulfopropyl methacrylate; Monomers containing amide groups and sulfonic acid groups such as 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) Or a salt thereof; a monomer containing a hydroxyl group and a sulfonic acid group such as 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropanesulf
- AMPS 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanes
- the amount of the sulfonic acid unit contained in 100% by weight of the water-soluble polymer is usually 20% by weight or more, preferably 25% by weight or more, and is usually 100% by weight or less, preferably 90% by weight or less.
- the water-soluble polymer preferably contains a carboxyl group (—COOH).
- —COOH carboxyl group
- the adsorption of the water-soluble polymer to the non-conductive particles can be promoted, and the dispersibility of the non-conductive particles can be further improved.
- the weight ratio of the carboxyl group in 100% by weight of the water-soluble polymer is preferably 1% by weight or more, more preferably 2% by weight or more, particularly preferably 4% by weight or more, and preferably 60% by weight or less, 50% by weight. % Or less is preferable.
- the solubility in water of the water-soluble polymer is improved by the weight ratio of the carboxyl group being equal to or more than the lower limit of the above range, and the dispersibility of the non-conductive particles can be improved by electrostatic repulsion of the carboxyl group, By being below the upper limit, the adsorptivity to the nonconductive particles is improved, and aggregation of the nonconductive particles can be prevented.
- the water-soluble polymer has a repeating unit having a carboxyl group (hereinafter referred to as “carboxyl unit” as appropriate).
- carboxyl unit a repeating unit having a carboxyl group
- monomer corresponding to the carboxyl unit include monocarboxylic acid and derivatives thereof, dicarboxylic acid and acid anhydrides thereof, and derivatives thereof.
- monocarboxylic acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid and the like.
- Examples of monocarboxylic acid derivatives include 2-ethylacrylic acid, isocrotonic acid, ⁇ -acetoxyacrylic acid, ⁇ -trans-aryloxyacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloro- ⁇ -E-methoxyacrylic acid, ⁇ -diaminoacrylic An acid etc. are mentioned.
- Examples of dicarboxylic acids include maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and the like.
- Examples of acid anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids include maleic anhydride, acrylic anhydride, methyl maleic anhydride, dimethyl maleic anhydride, and the like.
- dicarboxylic acid derivatives include methyl maleate such as methylmaleic acid, dimethylmaleic acid, phenylmaleic acid, chloromaleic acid, dichloromaleic acid, fluoromaleic acid; diphenyl maleate, nonyl maleate, decyl maleate, And maleate esters such as dodecyl maleate, octadecyl maleate and fluoroalkyl maleate.
- the water-soluble polymer may contain only one type of carboxyl unit, or may contain two or more types in combination at any ratio.
- the amount of carboxyl units contained in 100% by weight of the water-soluble polymer is usually 20% by weight or more, preferably 25% by weight or more, and is usually 100% by weight or less, preferably 90% by weight or less. By keeping the amount of the carboxyl unit in such a range, the amount of the carboxyl group can be kept in the preferred range.
- the molar ratio of the sulfonic acid group to the carboxyl group is usually 5/95 or more, preferably 10/90 or more. Yes, usually 95/5 or less, preferably 90/10 or less.
- the sulfonic acid group can form a crosslinked structure with the water-insoluble particle polymer, thereby improving the strength of the porous membrane.
- the adsorptivity between the coalesced particles and the nonconductive particles is improved, and the dispersibility of the nonconductive particles can be improved.
- the water-soluble polymer may contain a repeating unit other than the sulfonic acid unit and the carboxyl unit as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired. Further, when the water-soluble polymer contains two or more different repeating units, the water-soluble polymer becomes a copolymer.
- the copolymer structure of the water-soluble polymer may be, for example, a random copolymer, a block copolymer, a graft copolymer, or a combination of these. Among these, a random copolymer is usually used because of easy production.
- the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer is usually 1000 or more, preferably 1500 or more, and usually 15000 or less, preferably 10,000 or less. If the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer is below the lower limit of the above range, the adsorptivity of the water-soluble polymer to the non-conductive particles may decrease, and the dispersibility of the non-conductive particles may also decrease. On the other hand, if the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer exceeds the upper limit of the above range, the non-conductive particles tend to aggregate and the stability of the slurry composition of the present invention may be lowered. In addition, what is necessary is just to obtain
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the water-soluble polymer layer (dispersion stable layer) present on the surface of the non-conductive particles becomes sparse, and as a result, the non-conductive particles may not be stably dispersed.
- the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer is too large, adsorption may occur between a plurality of non-conductive particles, bridging aggregation may occur, and stability may be reduced.
- the weight average molecular weight of a water-soluble polymer becomes large, the viscosity of the slurry composition of this invention will rise, and the fluidity
- the amount of the water-soluble polymer contained in the slurry composition of the present invention is usually 0.1 parts by weight or more, preferably 0.2 parts by weight or more with respect to the amount of non-conductive particles (100 parts by weight) described above. More preferably, it is 0.3 parts by weight or more, usually 4 parts by weight or less, preferably 2 parts by weight or less, more preferably 1.5 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 1 part by weight or less.
- the method for producing the water-soluble polymer there is no limitation on the method for producing the water-soluble polymer. Further, there is no limitation on the method for introducing a sulfonic acid group and, if necessary, a carboxylic acid group into the water-soluble polymer. For example, a monomer having a sulfonic acid group or a carboxylic acid group is used during the production of the water-soluble polymer. The polymerization may be performed using a polymerization initiator having a sulfonic acid group or a carboxylic acid group, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, there is no restriction
- the slurry composition of the present invention contains a water-insoluble particulate polymer.
- the water-insoluble particulate polymer functions as a binder in the porous film of the present invention and plays a role of maintaining the mechanical strength of the porous film of the present invention.
- any type of polymer may be used as long as it is a water-insoluble particulate polymer. Among them, (meth) acrylonitrile monomer units and (meth) A polymer containing an acrylate monomer unit is preferred.
- a water-insoluble particulate polymer containing a (meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit and a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit is stable to oxidation and reduction, and easily obtains a long-life battery.
- an acrylate containing these repeating units as a water-insoluble particulate polymer, the flexibility of the porous film of the present invention is improved, thereby preventing non-conductivity from the porous film of the present invention when slitting or winding. It is possible to suppress the falling off of the particles.
- (Meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit refers to a repeating unit derived from acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile.
- the water-insoluble particulate polymer may contain only a repeating unit derived from acrylonitrile as a (meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit, or may contain only a repeating unit derived from methacrylonitrile.
- the repeating unit derived from acrylonitrile and the repeating unit derived from methacrylonitrile may be included in combination at any ratio.
- (Meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit refers to a repeating unit derived from an acrylic acid ester or a methacrylic acid ester.
- Examples of (meth) acrylic acid esters include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic acid-2-ethylhexyl, etc.
- the water-insoluble particulate polymer may contain only 1 type as a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit, and may contain it combining 2 or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the water-insoluble particulate polymer contains a (meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit and a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit
- the weight ratio represented by “body unit” is preferably 1/99 or more, more preferably 5/95 or more, preferably 30/70 or less, and more preferably 25/75 or less.
- the weight ratio is not less than the lower limit of the above range, in the secondary battery of the present invention, the water-insoluble particulate polymer is prevented from swelling in the electrolytic solution, thereby preventing ionic conductivity from being lowered, and rate characteristics Can be suppressed.
- the said weight ratio becomes below the upper limit of the said range, The strength fall of the porous film of this invention by the strength fall of a water-insoluble particulate polymer can be prevented.
- the water-insoluble particulate polymer preferably has a crosslinkable group.
- the water-insoluble particulate polymer can be crosslinked with each other, or the water-soluble polymer and the water-insoluble particulate polymer can be crosslinked. Dissolving and swelling can be suppressed, and a tough and flexible porous membrane can be realized.
- crosslinkable group a heat crosslinkable group that usually causes a crosslinking reaction by heat is used.
- the crosslinkable group include an epoxy group, an N-methylolamide group, an oxazoline group, and an allyl group.
- an epoxy group and an allyl group are preferable because the crosslinking and the crosslinking density can be easily adjusted.
- the kind of crosslinkable functional group may be one kind, and may be two or more kinds.
- the crosslinkable group may be introduced into the water-insoluble particulate polymer by copolymerizing a monomer containing the crosslinkable group during production of the water-insoluble particulate polymer, and has a crosslinkable group.
- a thermally crosslinkable crosslinkable group provides a monomer that provides a (meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit and a (meth) acrylate monomer when producing a water-insoluble particulate polymer.
- the water-insoluble particulate polymer When the water-insoluble particulate polymer has a crosslinkable group, the water-insoluble particulate polymer usually has a repeating unit having a crosslinkable group (hereinafter referred to as “crosslinkable monomer unit” as appropriate). become.
- the type of the repeating unit having a crosslinkable group contained in the water-insoluble particulate polymer may be one type or two or more types. Examples of the monomer or crosslinking agent corresponding to the crosslinkable monomer unit include the following.
- Examples of the monomer containing an epoxy group include a monomer containing a carbon-carbon double bond and an epoxy group, a monomer containing a halogen atom and an epoxy group, and the like.
- Examples of the monomer containing a carbon-carbon double bond and an epoxy group include unsaturated glycidyl ethers such as vinyl glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, butenyl glycidyl ether, o-allylphenyl glycidyl ether; butadiene monoepoxide, Diene or polyene monoepoxides such as chloroprene monoepoxide, 4,5-epoxy-2-pentene, 3,4-epoxy-1-vinylcyclohexene, 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene; Alkenyl epoxides such as epoxy-1-butene, 1,2-epoxy-5-hexene, 1,
- Examples of the monomer having a halogen atom and an epoxy group include epihalohydrins such as epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, epiiodohydrin, epifluorohydrin, ⁇ -methylepichlorohydrin; p-chlorostyrene oxide; dibromo Phenyl glycidyl ether; and the like.
- epihalohydrins such as epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, epiiodohydrin, epifluorohydrin, ⁇ -methylepichlorohydrin; p-chlorostyrene oxide; dibromo Phenyl glycidyl ether; and the like.
- Examples of the monomer containing an N-methylolamide group include (meth) acrylamides having a methylol group such as N-methylol (meth) acrylamide.
- Examples of the monomer containing an oxazoline group include 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl- Examples include 2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-5-ethyl-2-oxazoline and the like.
- Examples of the monomer containing an allyl group include allyl acrylate and allyl methacrylate.
- crosslinking agent for example, an organic peroxide, a crosslinking agent that exhibits an effect by heat or light, and the like are used.
- a crosslinking agent may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining 2 or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- an organic peroxide and a crosslinking agent that exhibits an effect by heat are preferable in that it contains a thermally crosslinkable group.
- organic peroxide examples include ketone peroxides such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and cyclohexanone peroxide; 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,2-bis ( peroxyketals such as t-butylperoxy) butane; hydroperoxides such as t-butyl hydroperoxide and 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide; dicumyl peroxide, 2, Dialkyl peroxides such as 5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexyne-3, ⁇ , ⁇ 'bis (t-butylperoxy-m-isopropyl) benzene: octanoyl peroxide, iso Diacyl peroxides such as butyryl peroxide; Xyesters; and the like.
- ketone peroxides such as
- dialkyl peroxide is preferable, and the type of the alkyl group is preferably changed depending on the molding temperature.
- the crosslinking agent (curing agent) that exhibits an effect by heat is not particularly limited as long as it can undergo a crosslinking reaction by heating.
- examples thereof include bisazide, acid anhydrides, diols, polyhydric phenols, polyamides, diisocyanates, and polyisocyanates.
- aliphatic polyamines such as hexamethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, diethylenetriamine, and tetraethylenepentamine; diaminocyclohexane, 3 (4), 8 (9) -bis (aminomethyl) tricyclo [ 5.2.1.0 2,6 ] decane; 1,3- (diaminomethyl) cyclohexane, mensendiamine, isophoronediamine N-aminoethylpiperazine, bis (4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) methane, bis ( Alicyclic polyamines such as 4-aminocyclohexyl) methane; 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, ⁇ , ⁇ ′-bis (4-aminophenyl) -1,3-diisopropylbenzene, ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (4-aminophen
- aromatic polyamines may be used individually by 1 type and may be used combining 2 or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- aromatic polyamines, acid anhydrides, polyhydric phenols and polyhydric alcohols are preferred for reasons such as excellent strength and adhesion of the porous membrane, and among them, 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (aromatic Polyamines), maleic anhydride-modified norbornene resins (acid anhydrides), polyhydric phenols and the like are particularly preferable.
- the cross-linking agent (curing agent) that exhibits an effect by light is a non-water-soluble particulate polymer by irradiation with actinic rays such as g-rays, h-rays and i-rays, far-ultraviolet rays, x-rays and electron beams.
- actinic rays such as g-rays, h-rays and i-rays, far-ultraviolet rays, x-rays and electron beams.
- actinic rays such as g-rays, h-rays and i-rays, far-ultraviolet rays, x-rays and electron beams.
- it is a photoreactive substance which reacts and produces
- an aromatic bisazide compound, a photoamine generator, a photoacid generator etc. are mentioned.
- aromatic bisazide compound examples include 4,4′-diazidochalcone, 2,6-bis (4′-azidobenzal) cyclohexanone, 2,6-bis (4′-azidobenzal) 4-methylcyclohexanone, Representative examples include 4'-diazidodiphenylsulfone, 4,4'-diazidobenzophenone, 4,4'-diazidodiphenyl, 2,7-diazidofluorene, 4,4'-diazidophenylmethane, and the like. . In addition, these may be used individually by 1 type and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the photoamine generator include aromatic amines or aliphatic amines such as o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl carbamate, 2,6-dinitrobenzyloxycarbonyl carbamate, or ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzyloxy.
- aromatic amines or aliphatic amines such as o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl carbamate, 2,6-dinitrobenzyloxycarbonyl carbamate, or ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzyloxy.
- a carbonyl carbamate body etc. are mentioned.
- aniline cyclohexylamine, piperidine, hexamethylenediamine, triethylenetetraamine, 1,3- (diaminomethyl) cyclohexane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane
- examples include o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl carbamates such as phenylenediamine.
- these may be used individually by 1 type and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- a photoacid generator is a substance that cleaves upon irradiation with actinic rays to generate an acid such as Bronsted acid or Lewis acid.
- Examples include onium salts, halogenated organic compounds, quinonediazide compounds, ⁇ , ⁇ -bis (sulfonyl) diazomethane compounds, ⁇ -carbonyl- ⁇ -sulfonyl-diazomethane compounds, sulfone compounds, organic acid ester compounds, organic acids
- Examples include amide compounds and organic acid imide compounds. In addition, these may be used individually by 1 type and may be used combining 2 or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the amount of the crosslinkable monomer unit in the water-insoluble particulate polymer is (meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit and (meth) acrylic acid ester. 0.01 parts by weight or more is preferable, 0.05 parts by weight or more is more preferable, 5 parts by weight or less is preferable, and 4 parts by weight or less is more preferable with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount with the monomer units. 3 parts by weight or less is particularly preferable.
- the strength of the porous membrane of the present invention can be increased, or the porous membrane of the present invention can be prevented from swelling with the electrolyte solution, thereby reducing the rate characteristics of the secondary battery of the present invention. I can do it.
- flexibility of the porous film of this invention by a crosslinking reaction advancing excessively can be prevented by setting it as below the upper limit of the said range.
- the water-insoluble particulate polymer has the above-mentioned repeating units (that is, (meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit, (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit and crosslinkable group monomer unit), Other arbitrary repeating units may be included.
- the monomer corresponding to the arbitrary repeating unit include styrene, chlorostyrene, vinyl toluene, t-butyl styrene, vinyl benzoic acid, methyl vinyl benzoate, vinyl naphthalene, chloromethyl styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene.
- Styrene monomers such as divinylbenzene; olefins such as ethylene and propylene; diene monomers such as butadiene and isoprene; halogen atom-containing monomers such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride; vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate Vinyl esters such as vinyl butyrate; vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether and butyl vinyl ether; vinyl ketones such as methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, butyl vinyl ketone, hexyl vinyl ketone and isopropenyl vinyl ketone; N Vinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyridine, heterocycle-containing vinyl compounds such as vinyl imidazole; acrylamide, amide monomers such as acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid; and the like.
- the water-insoluble particulate polymer may contain only one kind of the arbitrary repeating unit, or may contain two or more kinds in combination at any ratio.
- the amount of the arbitrary repeating unit may be small. It is particularly preferable that the optional repeating unit is not included.
- the weight average molecular weight of the water-insoluble particulate polymer is preferably 10,000 or more, more preferably 20,000 or more, preferably 500,000 or less, more preferably 200,000 or less.
- weight average molecular weight of the water-insoluble particulate polymer is in the above range, the strength of the porous film of the present invention and the dispersibility of the non-conductive particles are easily improved.
- the volume average particle diameter D50 of the water-insoluble particulate polymer is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the water-insoluble particulate polymer is preferably 20 ° C. or lower, more preferably 15 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 5 ° C. or lower.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the glass transition temperature of the water-insoluble particulate polymer can be adjusted by combining various monomers.
- the lower limit of the glass transition temperature of the water-insoluble particulate polymer is not particularly limited, but can be ⁇ 50 ° C. or higher.
- the amount of the water-insoluble particulate polymer contained in the slurry composition of the present invention is usually 0.1 parts by weight or more, preferably 0.2 parts by weight with respect to the amount of the non-conductive particles (parts by weight) described above. Part or more, more preferably 0.5 part by weight or more, and usually 10 parts by weight or less, preferably 8 parts by weight or less, more preferably 6 parts by weight or less.
- the weight ratio of the water-soluble polymer to the water-insoluble particulate polymer is preferably 0.01 or more, 0.1 The above is more preferable, 1.5 or less is preferable, and 1.0 or less is more preferable.
- the weight ratio is not less than the lower limit of the above range, the dispersibility of non-conductive particles and the strength of the porous film can be improved, and when the weight ratio is not more than the upper limit, the stability of the battery porous membrane slurry is improved. be able to.
- the method for producing the water-insoluble particulate polymer is not particularly limited, and any method such as a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, and an emulsion polymerization method can be used.
- the emulsion polymerization method and the suspension polymerization method are preferable because they can be polymerized in water and used as they are as the material of the slurry composition of the present invention.
- benzene sulfonates such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl phenyl ether sulfonate
- alkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium tetradodecyl sulfate.
- sulfosuccinates such as sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate and sodium dihexylsulfosuccinate
- fatty acid salts such as sodium laurate
- ethoxy sulfate salts such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate sodium salt and polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether sulfate sodium salt
- alkanes Sulfonate salt alkyl ether phosphate ester sodium salt
- polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan lauryl ester Nonionic emulsifiers such as polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer; gelatin, maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium polyacrylate, polymerization degree of 700 or more and saponification degree of 75% or more Water-soluble polymer compounds such as polyvinyl alcohol; and the like.
- these may be used individually by 1 type and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- benzenesulfonates such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium dodecylphenylethersulfonate
- alkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium tetradodecylsulfate are preferable, and oxidation resistance is more preferable. From this point, it is a benzenesulfonate such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium dodecylphenylethersulfonate.
- the amount of the dispersing agent can be arbitrarily set, and is usually about 0.01 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of monomers.
- the slurry composition of the present invention contains water as a solvent.
- non-conductive particles hardly aggregate in such water and are well dispersed.
- the amount of water contained in the slurry composition of the present invention may be arbitrarily set within a range that the slurry composition of the present invention has a viscosity that does not impair workability when producing the porous film of the present invention. . Specifically, the amount of water may be set so that the solid content concentration of the slurry composition of the present invention is usually 20 wt% to 50 wt%.
- the slurry composition of the present invention may contain a viscosity modifier.
- the viscosity of the slurry composition of the present invention can be set to a desired range to increase the dispersibility of the non-conductive particles, or to improve the coating property of the slurry composition of the present invention. it can.
- the viscosity modifier it is preferable to use a water-soluble polysaccharide. Examples of polysaccharides include natural polymer compounds and cellulose semi-synthetic polymer compounds.
- a viscosity modifier may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- natural polymer compounds include plant- and animal-derived polysaccharides and proteins. Moreover, the natural high molecular compound by which the fermentation process by microorganisms etc. and the process by the heat
- Examples of plant-based natural polymer compounds include gum arabic, gum tragacanth, galactan, guar gum, carob gum, caraya gum, carrageenan, pectin, cannan, quince seed (malmello), alque colloid (gasso extract), starch (rice, corn, potato, Derived from wheat and the like), glycyrrhizin and the like.
- Examples of the animal-based natural polymer compound include collagen, casein, albumin, gelatin and the like.
- examples of the microbial natural polymer compound include xanthan gum, dextran, succinoglucan, and bullulan.
- Cellulose semi-synthetic polymer compounds can be classified into nonionic, anionic and cationic.
- Nonionic cellulose semisynthetic polymer compounds include, for example, alkylcelluloses such as methylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxybutylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose And hydroxyalkyl celluloses such as stearoxy ether, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, alkyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, and nonoxynyl hydroxyethyl cellulose;
- anionic cellulose semi-synthetic polymer compound examples include alkyl cellulose obtained by substituting the above nonionic cellulose semi-synthetic polymer compound with various derivative groups, and sodium salts and ammonium salts thereof. Specific examples include sodium cellulose sulfate, methyl cellulose, methyl ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and salts thereof.
- Examples of the cationic cellulose semi-synthetic polymer compound include low nitrogen hydroxyethyl cellulose dimethyl diallylammonium chloride (polyquaternium-4), chloride O- [2-hydroxy-3- (trimethylammonio) propyl] hydroxyethylcellulose (polyquaternium-10). ), O- [2-hydroxy-3- (lauryldimethylammonio) propyl] hydroxyethyl cellulose (polyquaternium-24), and the like.
- cellulose semi-synthetic polymer compounds sodium salts thereof and ammonium salts thereof are preferred because they can have cationic, anionic and amphoteric characteristics.
- anionic cellulose semi-synthetic polymer compounds are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility of non-conductive particles.
- the degree of etherification of the cellulose semisynthetic polymer compound is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.6 or more, preferably 1.0 or less, more preferably 0.8 or less.
- the degree of etherification refers to the degree of substitution of hydroxyl groups (three) per anhydroglucose unit in cellulose with a substitution product such as a carboxymethyl group.
- the degree of etherification can theoretically take a value of 0-3.
- the degree of etherification is in the above range, the cellulose semi-synthetic polymer compound is adsorbed on the surface of the non-conductive particles and is compatible with water. Can be finely dispersed to the level.
- the average degree of polymerization of the viscosity modifier calculated from the intrinsic viscosity obtained from an Ubbelohde viscometer is preferably 500 or more, more preferably 1000. As described above, it is particularly preferably 1000 or more, preferably 2500 or less, more preferably 2000 or less, and particularly preferably 1500 or less.
- the average degree of polymerization of the viscosity modifier may affect the fluidity of the slurry composition of the present invention, the film uniformity of the porous film of the present invention, and the process on the process, but the average degree of polymerization is within the above range. As a result, the stability of the slurry composition of the present invention over time can be improved, and coating without agglomerates and thickness unevenness can be achieved.
- the amount of the viscosity modifier is usually 0.1 parts by weight or more, preferably 0.2 parts by weight based on the amount of non-conductive particles (parts by weight) described above. It is at least 5 parts by weight, usually 5 parts by weight or less, preferably 4 parts by weight or less, more preferably 3 parts by weight or less.
- the viscosity modifier is also contained in the porous membrane of the present invention, but the strength of the porous membrane of the present invention can be increased by making the amount of the viscosity modifier more than the lower limit of the above range. Moreover, the softness
- the slurry composition of the present invention may contain other optional components in addition to the components described above.
- the optional component is not particularly limited as long as it does not unduly affect the battery reaction in the secondary battery of the present invention.
- the kind of the arbitrary component may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- a dispersing agent As said arbitrary component, a dispersing agent, electrolyte solution dispersion inhibitor, etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the dispersant include an anionic compound, a cationic compound, a nonionic compound, and a polymer compound.
- the specific type of dispersant is usually selected according to the non-conductive particles used.
- the slurry composition of the present invention may contain a surfactant such as an alkyl surfactant, a silicon surfactant, a fluorine surfactant, and a metal surfactant.
- a surfactant such as an alkyl surfactant, a silicon surfactant, a fluorine surfactant, and a metal surfactant.
- the amount of the surfactant is preferably in a range that does not affect the battery characteristics, and is preferably 10% by weight or less in the porous film of the present invention.
- the slurry composition of the present invention may contain nanoparticles having a volume average particle diameter of less than 100 nm, such as fumed silica and fumed alumina. By including the nanoparticles, the thixotropy of the slurry composition of the present invention can be controlled, and the leveling property of the porous film of the present invention can be further improved.
- the slurry composition of the present invention may contain a solvent other than water as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
- a solvent other than water for example, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, cyclohexane, xylene, cyclohexanone and the like may be contained.
- slurry composition of this invention since the dispersibility of a nonelectroconductive particle is high, a viscosity can be made low easily.
- the specific viscosity of the slurry composition of the present invention is preferably 10 mPa ⁇ s to 2000 mPa ⁇ s from the viewpoint of improving the coatability when producing the porous film of the present invention.
- the said viscosity is a value when it measures at 25 degreeC and rotation speed 60rpm using an E-type viscosity meter.
- the manufacturing method of the slurry composition of this invention is not specifically limited, Usually, the nonelectroconductive particle, water-soluble polymer, water-insoluble particulate polymer and water mentioned above are used as needed. It is obtained by mixing the optional components. There is no particular limitation on the mixing order. Moreover, although there is no restriction
- the disperser is preferably an apparatus capable of uniformly dispersing and mixing the above components.
- examples include a ball mill, a sand mill, a pigment disperser, a crusher, an ultrasonic disperser, a homogenizer, and a planetary mixer.
- a high dispersion apparatus such as a bead mill, a roll mill, or a fill mix is particularly preferable because a high dispersion share can be added.
- the slurry composition of the present invention has good dispersibility of non-conductive particles, aggregation of non-conductive particles can be solved with small energy. Therefore, non-conductive particles can be dispersed in a short time. Further, since non-conductive particles can be dispersed without applying a large force, excessive energy is not applied to the non-conductive particles, and the non-conductive particles are unintentionally crushed and the particle size is increased. It can also be prevented from changing.
- the porous film of the present invention can be produced.
- a process (application process) of forming a film of the slurry composition of the present invention hereinafter referred to as “coating film” as appropriate
- a process of removing water from the formed coating film (Drying step) is performed to obtain the porous film of the present invention (the method for producing the porous film of the present invention).
- the coated substrate is a member that is a target for forming a coating film of the slurry composition of the present invention.
- a coating film of the slurry composition of the present invention is formed on the surface of the release film, and water is removed from the coating film to form the porous film of the present invention.
- the porous film may be peeled off.
- a battery element is used as a coating substrate from the viewpoint of improving the production efficiency by omitting the step of peeling the porous film of the present invention as described above. Specific examples of such battery elements include electrodes and organic separators.
- the coating method is preferable because the thickness of the porous film of the present invention can be easily controlled.
- the coating method include a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, and a brush coating method.
- the dip method and the gravure method are preferable in that a uniform porous film can be obtained.
- drying is removed by drying.
- the drying method include drying with warm air, hot air, low-humidity air, and the like, vacuum drying, and drying by irradiation with (far) infrared rays or electron beams.
- the drying temperature may be any temperature at which water is vaporized and removed from the coating film, but when the water-insoluble particulate polymer has a thermally crosslinkable group, it is equal to or higher than the temperature at which the thermally crosslinkable group causes a crosslinking reaction. It is preferable to perform drying at a high temperature. By simultaneously removing water from the coating film and crosslinking, the number of steps can be reduced and the production efficiency can be improved. Usually, it is dried at 40 ° C to 120 ° C.
- the pressing process may be performed using a mold press, a roll press, or the like.
- coating base material and the porous film of this invention can be improved.
- Such pressure treatment is particularly useful when an electrode, an organic separator, or the like is used as the coating substrate.
- the pressure treatment is excessively performed, the porosity of the porous film of the present invention may be impaired. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately control the pressure and the pressure time.
- the porous film of the present invention is a film produced from the slurry composition of the present invention by the above-described method for producing a porous film of the present invention.
- the solid content composition of the porous membrane of the present invention is usually the same as that of the slurry composition of the present invention. However, it may have a solid content composition different from that of the slurry composition of the present invention, for example, when a water-soluble polymer and a water-insoluble particulate polymer are cross-linked to form a different compound. .
- the porous film of the present invention has an appropriate porosity by having a gap between the non-conductive particles and the water-insoluble particulate polymer, and absorbs the electrolytic solution.
- the water-soluble polymer exists so as to cover the surfaces of the non-conductive particles and the water-insoluble particulate polymer, but the water-soluble polymer fills all the above-mentioned voids. Therefore, even the water-soluble polymer does not impair the porosity of the porous membrane of the present invention. For this reason, since electrolyte solution can osmose
- the dispersibility of the nonconductive particles is good in the slurry composition of the present invention, the coating accuracy in the coating process is high. For this reason, the thickness nonuniformity of the porous film of this invention can be made very small, and smoothness can be improved. Therefore, the safety of the secondary battery of the present invention can be maintained, and the pin pull-out property when a wound cell is produced using the porous film of the present invention can be improved.
- the particle diameter of the non-conductive particles is not intended to be changed unintentionally due to crushing or the like, the particle diameter of the non-conductive particles can be stably kept within a desired range even in the porous film of the present invention. Therefore, the porosity of the porous membrane of the present invention can be maintained high, and the rate characteristics of the secondary battery of the present invention can be enhanced.
- the specific surface area of the porous film of the present invention can be prevented from unintentionally increasing due to the crushed fine particles, the amount of moisture adsorbed on the non-conductive particles can be reduced, and the gas in the secondary battery of the present invention can be reduced. Occurrence can be reduced.
- the thickness of the porous membrane of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is appropriately set according to the use or application field of the porous membrane of the present invention. However, if it is too thin, a uniform film may not be formed, and if it is too thick, the capacity per volume (weight) in the battery may be reduced, so that the thickness is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. In particular, when the porous film of the present invention is provided on the surface of the electrode, the thickness is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the porous film of the present invention is usually provided in a secondary battery.
- the porous film of the present invention is particularly excellent as a protective film for battery elements because it has an excellent balance between porosity and flexibility, has a high retention of non-conductive particles, and reduces the loss of filler during the battery manufacturing process.
- the porous film of the present invention is preferably used as a protective film or separator for the electrode mixture layer by being provided on the surface of the electrode mixture layer of the electrode.
- limiting in the kind of secondary battery which provides the porous film of this invention For example, it can provide in a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the electrode of the present invention” as appropriate) comprises a current collector, an electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the current collector, and a surface of the electrode mixture layer. Provided with the porous membrane of the present invention. Even if the porous film of the present invention is provided on the surface of the electrode mixture layer, the electrolyte solution can permeate the porous film of the present invention, so that the rate characteristics and the like are not adversely affected. In addition, since the porous film of the present invention has appropriate flexibility, when it is provided on the surface of the electrode mixture layer, it functions as a protective film for the electrode, preventing the electrode active material from falling off during the battery manufacturing process, and during battery operation. Short circuit can be prevented.
- the current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having electrical conductivity and electrochemical durability.
- metal materials such as iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, gold, and platinum are preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- aluminum is particularly preferable for the positive electrode of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and copper is particularly preferable for the negative electrode.
- the shape of the current collector is not particularly limited, but a sheet shape having a thickness of about 0.001 mm to 0.5 mm is preferable.
- the current collector is preferably used after roughening in advance.
- the roughening method include a mechanical polishing method, an electrolytic polishing method, and a chemical polishing method.
- the mechanical polishing method for example, an abrasive cloth paper to which abrasive particles are fixed, a grindstone, an emery buff, a wire brush provided with a steel wire, or the like is used.
- an intermediate layer may be formed on the surface of the current collector in order to increase the adhesive strength and conductivity with the electrode mixture layer.
- Electrode mixture layer (Electrode active material)
- the electrode mixture layer contains an electrode active material as an essential component.
- the electrode active material for the positive electrode in particular, is referred to as “positive electrode active material”, and the electrode active material for the negative electrode is referred to as “negative electrode active material”. Since the electrode of the present invention is usually used in a lithium secondary battery, an electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery will be described in particular.
- the electrode active material for the lithium secondary battery may be any material that can reversibly insert and release lithium ions by applying a potential in the electrolyte, and can be an inorganic compound or an organic compound.
- the positive electrode active material is roughly classified into those made of inorganic compounds and those made of organic compounds.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material made of an inorganic compound include transition metal oxides, composite oxides of lithium and transition metals, and transition metal sulfides.
- Examples of the transition metal include Fe, Co, Ni, and Mn.
- the inorganic compound used for the positive electrode active material include LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 , LiFeVO 4 and other lithium-containing composite metal oxides; TiS 2 , TiS 3 , non- Transition metal sulfides such as crystalline MoS 2 ; transition metal oxides such as Cu 2 V 2 O 3 , amorphous V 2 O—P 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , V 6 O 13, etc. Can be mentioned.
- a conductive polymer such as polyacetylene or poly-p-phenylene can be used as the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material which consists of a composite material which combined the inorganic compound and the organic compound.
- a composite material covered with a carbon material may be produced by reducing and firing an iron-based oxide in the presence of a carbon source material, and the composite material may be used as a positive electrode active material.
- Iron-based oxides tend to have poor electrical conductivity, but can be used as a high-performance positive electrode active material by using a composite material as described above.
- these positive electrode active materials may use only 1 type, and may use it combining 2 or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the particle diameter of the positive electrode active material is appropriately selected in consideration of other constituent elements of the battery.
- the volume average particle diameter D50 is usually 0.1 ⁇ m. Above, preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, usually 50 ⁇ m or less, preferably 20 ⁇ m or less. When the volume average particle diameter D50 is within this range, a secondary battery having a large charge / discharge capacity can be obtained, and handling at the time of producing a mixture slurry (described later) and an electrode is easy.
- the negative electrode active material examples include carbonaceous materials such as amorphous carbon, graphite, natural graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, and pitch-based carbon fibers; and conductive polymers such as polyacene.
- metals such as silicon, tin, zinc, manganese, iron and nickel, and alloys thereof; oxides of the metals or alloys; sulfates of the metals or alloys; Further, metallic lithium; lithium alloys such as Li—Al, Li—Bi—Cd, Li—Sn—Cd; lithium transition metal nitride; silicon and the like can be used.
- the electrode active material a material obtained by attaching a conductivity imparting material to the surface by a mechanical modification method can be used. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more at any ratio.
- the particle diameter of the negative electrode active material is appropriately selected in consideration of other constituent elements of the battery.
- the volume average particle diameter D50 is usually It is 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 15 ⁇ m or more, and is usually 50 ⁇ m or less, preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- an electrode mixture layer contains the binder for electrode mixture layers other than an electrode active material.
- the binder for the electrode mixture layer By including the binder for the electrode mixture layer, the binding property of the electrode mixture layer in the electrode is improved, and the strength against the mechanical force is increased in the process of winding the electrode. In addition, since the electrode mixture layer in the electrode is difficult to be detached, the risk of a short circuit due to the desorbed material is reduced.
- Various polymer components can be used as the binder for the electrode mixture layer.
- polyethylene polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), polyacrylic acid derivatives, polyacrylonitrile derivatives, and the like can be used.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- polyacrylic acid derivatives polyacrylonitrile derivatives, and the like
- polyacrylonitrile derivatives polyacrylonitrile derivatives, and the like
- the soft polymer illustrated below can also be used as a binder for electrode mixture layers. That is, as a soft polymer, for example, (I) Polybutyl acrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, butyl acrylate / styrene copolymer, butyl acrylate / acrylonitrile copolymer, butyl acrylate / acrylonitrile / glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, etc.
- a soft polymer for example, (I) Polybutyl acrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, butyl acrylate / styrene copolymer, butyl acrylate / acrylonitrile copolymer, butyl acrylate / acrylonitrile / glycidyl meth
- An acrylic soft polymer which is a homopolymer of acrylic acid or a methacrylic acid derivative or a copolymer thereof with a monomer copolymerizable therewith;
- isobutylene-based soft polymers such as polyisobutylene, isobutylene-isoprene rubber, isobutylene-styrene copolymer;
- the binder for electrode mixture layers may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the amount of the binder for the electrode mixture layer in the electrode mixture layer is preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.2 parts by weight or more, particularly preferably 0, relative to 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material. 0.5 parts by weight or more, preferably 5 parts by weight or less, more preferably 4 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 3 parts by weight or less.
- the amount of the binder for the electrode mixture layer is within the above range, it is possible to prevent the electrode active material from dropping from the electrode without inhibiting the battery reaction.
- the binder for the electrode mixture layer is usually prepared as a solution or a dispersion for producing an electrode.
- the viscosity at that time is usually 1 mPa ⁇ s or more, preferably 50 mPa ⁇ s or more, and usually 300,000 mPa ⁇ s or less, preferably 10,000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the viscosity is a value measured using a B-type viscometer at 25 ° C. and a rotation speed of 60 rpm.
- the electrode mixture layer may contain other components. Examples thereof include a conductivity imparting material (also referred to as a conductive agent), a reinforcing material, and the like.
- the other component may be contained individually by 1 type, and may be contained combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- Examples of the conductivity imparting material include conductive carbon such as acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon black, graphite, vapor grown carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube; carbon powder such as graphite; fibers and foils of various metals; It is done.
- conductive carbon such as acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon black, graphite, vapor grown carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube
- carbon powder such as graphite
- fibers and foils of various metals It is done.
- the reinforcing material for example, various inorganic and organic spherical, plate-like, rod-like or fibrous fillers can be used.
- the amount of the conductivity-imparting material and the reinforcing agent used is usually 0 parts by weight or more, preferably 1 part by weight or more, and usually 20 parts by weight or less, preferably 10 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material. It is as follows.
- the electrode mixture layer collects an electrode active material, a solvent, and, if necessary, a slurry containing an electrode mixture layer binder and other components (hereinafter referred to as “mixture slurry” as appropriate). Manufactured by attaching to the body.
- the solvent when the electrode mixture layer contains a binder for the electrode mixture layer, any solvent may be used as long as it dissolves or disperses the binder for the electrode mixture layer in a particulate form. .
- the electrode active layer binder is adsorbed on the surface, thereby stabilizing the dispersion of the electrode active material and the like.
- the mixture slurry usually contains a solvent, and dissolves or disperses the electrode active material, the binder for the electrode mixture layer, and other components.
- a solvent it is preferable to use a solvent that can dissolve the binder for the electrode mixture layer because the dispersibility of the electrode active material and the conductivity-imparting material is excellent.
- a solvent used for the mixture slurry either water or an organic solvent can be used.
- the organic solvent include cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; ketones such as ethyl methyl ketone and cyclohexanone; ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and ⁇ -butyrolactone Esters such as ⁇ -caprolactone; Acylonitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; Ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol diethyl ether: Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; N And amides such as methylpyrrolidone and N, N-dimethylformamide. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more at any ratio.
- the mixture slurry may further contain additives that exhibit various functions such as a thickener.
- a thickener a polymer that is soluble in an organic solvent used for the mixture slurry is usually used. Specific examples thereof include acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer hydride.
- trifluoropropylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, catechol carbonate, 1,6-dioxaspiro [4,4] nonane-2,7-dione, -Crown-4-ether may be included.
- the amount of the solvent in the mixture slurry is adjusted so as to have a viscosity suitable for coating depending on the types of the electrode active material and the binder for the electrode mixture layer.
- concentration of the solid content of the electrode active material, the binder for the electrode mixture layer and other components is preferably 30% by weight or more, more preferably 40% by weight or more, and preferably 90%. It is used by adjusting the amount to be not more than wt%, more preferably not more than 80 wt%.
- the mixture slurry is obtained by mixing an electrode active material and a solvent, and, if necessary, an electrode mixture layer binder and other components using a mixer. Mixing may be performed by supplying the above components all at once to a mixer. Moreover, when using an electrode active material, a binder for electrode mixture layers, a conductivity-imparting material, and a thickener as components of the mixture slurry, the conductivity-imparting material and the thickener are mixed in a solvent. Then, it is preferable to disperse the conductive material in the form of fine particles and then mix the binder for the electrode mixture layer and the electrode active material because the dispersibility of the slurry is improved.
- a ball mill for example, a ball mill, a sand mill, a pigment disperser, a crusher, an ultrasonic disperser, a homogenizer, a planetary mixer, a Hobart mixer, and the like can be used. It is preferable because aggregation of the active material can be suppressed.
- the particle size of the mixture slurry is preferably 35 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the conductive material is highly dispersible and a homogeneous electrode can be obtained.
- the electrode mixture layer can be produced, for example, by binding the electrode mixture layer in layers on at least one surface, preferably both surfaces of the current collector.
- the electrode mixture layer can be produced by applying and drying the mixture slurry on the current collector and then heat-treating the mixture at 120 ° C. or more for 1 hour or more.
- methods for applying the mixture slurry to the current collector include methods such as a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, and a brush coating method.
- the drying method include drying by warm air, hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying, and drying by irradiation with (far) infrared rays or electron beams.
- the electrode mixture layer is preferably subjected to pressure treatment using, for example, a mold press and a roll press.
- the porosity is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 7% or more, preferably 15% or less, more preferably 13% or less. If the porosity is too low, the volume capacity is difficult to increase, or the electrode mixture layer is easily peeled off, and defects are likely to occur. Moreover, when the porosity is too high, the charging efficiency and the discharging efficiency may be lowered.
- the thickness of the electrode mixture layer is usually 5 ⁇ m or more, preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and is usually 300 ⁇ m or less, preferably 250 ⁇ m or less for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the secondary battery of the present invention includes the porous film of the present invention on the surface of the electrode mixture layer. Thereby, detachment
- the method for producing the porous film of the present invention may be performed using the electrode mixture layer as a coating substrate.
- An example of a specific method is: 1) The method of apply
- the method 1) is particularly preferable because the film thickness of the porous film of the present invention can be easily controlled.
- the electrode of the present invention may include components other than the current collector, the electrode mixture layer, and the porous film of the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
- another layer may be provided between the electrode mixture layer and the porous film of the present invention as necessary.
- the porous film of the present invention is indirectly provided on the surface of the electrode mixture layer.
- another layer may be provided on the surface of the porous membrane of the present invention.
- the separator for a secondary battery of the present invention includes an organic separator and the porous film of the present invention provided on the surface of the organic separator. Even if the separator includes the porous film of the present invention, the electrolyte solution can permeate the porous film of the present invention, so that the rate characteristics and the like are not adversely affected.
- the separator is a member provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in order to prevent a short circuit of the electrodes.
- a porous substrate having fine pores is used, and a porous substrate made of an organic material (that is, an organic separator) is usually used.
- organic separators include microporous membranes and nonwoven fabrics containing polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, aromatic polyamide resins, and the like.
- the thickness of the organic separator is usually 0.5 ⁇ m or more, preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and usually 40 ⁇ m or less, preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less. Within this range, the resistance due to the separator in the battery is reduced, and the workability during battery production is excellent.
- the separator of the present invention includes the porous film of the present invention on the surface of the organic separator.
- the method for producing the porous membrane of the present invention may be performed using the organic separator as a coating substrate.
- An example of a specific method is: 1) A method in which the slurry composition of the present invention is applied to the surface of an organic separator and then dried; 2) A method of drying an organic separator after immersing it in the slurry composition of the present invention; 3) The slurry composition of the present invention is coated on a release film and dried to produce the porous film of the present invention, and the resulting porous film of the present invention is transferred to the surface of an organic separator; Etc.
- the method 1) is particularly preferable because the film thickness of the porous film of the present invention can be easily controlled.
- the electrode of the present invention may include components other than the current collector, the electrode mixture layer and the porous film of the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired.
- another layer may be provided between the electrode mixture layer and the porous film of the present invention as necessary.
- the porous film of the present invention is indirectly provided on the surface of the electrode mixture layer.
- another layer may be provided on the surface of the porous membrane of the present invention.
- the secondary battery of this invention is equipped with a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and electrolyte solution at least.
- the secondary battery of the present invention satisfies one or both of the following requirements (A) and (B).
- A) At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is the electrode of the present invention.
- B) The separator of the present invention is provided as a separator.
- the secondary battery of the present invention includes the electrode of the present invention as one or both of a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- the secondary battery of the present invention includes the separator of the present invention as a separator, an electrode other than the electrode of the present invention may be provided as both the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the secondary battery of the present invention includes the separator of the present invention as a separator.
- a separator other than the separator of the present invention may be provided as a separator.
- the separator since the porous film of the present invention provided on the surface of the electrode active material layer has a function as a separator, the separator may be omitted in the secondary battery including the electrode of the present invention.
- Electrolyte As the electrolytic solution, an organic electrolytic solution in which a supporting electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent is usually used.
- a lithium salt is used as the supporting electrolyte.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , CF 3 SO 3 Li, C 4 F 9 SO 3 Li, CF 3 COOLi, (CF 3 CO) 2 NLi , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) NLi, and the like.
- LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , and CF 3 SO 3 Li are preferable because they are easily soluble in a solvent and exhibit a high degree of dissociation.
- electrolyte may be used individually by 1 type and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the lithium ion conductivity tends to increase as the supporting electrolyte having a higher degree of dissociation is used, so that the lithium ion conductivity can be adjusted depending on the type of the supporting electrolyte.
- the organic solvent used in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the supporting electrolyte.
- carbonates are preferable because they have a high dielectric constant and a wide stable potential region.
- the lower the viscosity of the solvent used the higher the lithium ion conductivity tends to be, so the lithium ion conductivity can be adjusted depending on the type of solvent.
- the concentration of the supporting electrolyte in the electrolytic solution is usually 1% by weight or more, preferably 5% by weight or more, and usually 30% by weight or less, preferably 20% by weight or less. Depending on the type of the supporting electrolyte, it may be used usually at a concentration of 0.5 mol / L to 2.5 mol / L. Even if the concentration of the supporting electrolyte is too low or too high, the ionic conductivity tends to decrease. Usually, the lower the concentration of the electrolytic solution, the higher the degree of swelling of the polymer particles such as the binder for the electrode mixture layer. Therefore, the lithium ion conductivity can be adjusted by adjusting the concentration of the electrolytic solution.
- an additive or the like may be included in the electrolytic solution as necessary.
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode are overlapped via a separator, and this is wound into a battery container according to the shape of the battery and placed in a battery container.
- the method of injecting and sealing is mentioned.
- an expanded metal, an overcurrent prevention element such as a fuse or a PTC element, a lead plate or the like may be inserted to prevent an increase in pressure inside the battery or overcharge / discharge.
- the shape of the battery may be any of a coin shape, a button shape, a sheet shape, a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a flat shape, and the like.
- the primary particle diameter of the non-conductive particles is measured directly from a photograph of the non-conductive particles observed and photographed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This operation is performed on 300 randomly selected non-conductive particles, and the average value of the measured values is taken as the primary particle diameter. In addition, the measurement of the primary particle diameter of a nonelectroconductive particle is performed before preparing a slurry composition.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- An electrode or a separator is cut into a rectangle having a width of 1 cm and a length of 5 cm to form a test piece. Place the test piece on the desk with the porous membrane side facing up, and place a stainless steel rod with a diameter of 1 mm on the collector in the middle of the length direction (position 2.5 cm from the end) or on the organic separator side. Lay in the short direction. The test piece is bent 180 ° around the stainless steel bar so that the porous film faces the outside. The above test is performed on ten test pieces, and the presence or absence of cracks or powder falling is observed in the bent portion of the porous film of each test piece, and the determination is made according to the following criteria. It shows that the porous film formed on the electrode mixture layer or the organic separator is more excellent in the powder-off property as the number of cracks and peeling powder-off is smaller.
- the Gurley value (sec / 100 cc) is measured for the separator using a Gurley measuring device (SMOOTH & POROSITY METER (measurement diameter: ⁇ 2.9 cm) manufactured by Kumagai Riki Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- SMOOTH & POROSITY METER measurement diameter: ⁇ 2.9 cm
- the ratio of the Gurley value to be increased from the original base material (separator) is determined, and determined according to the following criteria.
- the lower the increase rate of the Gurley value the better the ion permeability and the better the rate characteristics of the battery.
- the boiling point reflux state was maintained for 30 minutes to complete the polymerization to obtain an aqueous solution of water-soluble polymer A as a copolymer.
- the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer A was 6,000.
- the amount of the sulfonic acid unit contained in the water-soluble polymer A was 50% by weight, and the weight ratio of the sulfonic acid group in the water-soluble polymer A was 15% by weight.
- a separate container 50 parts of ion-exchanged water, 0.5 part of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 78 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 19.8 parts of acrylonitrile, 2 parts of methacrylic acid and allyl methacrylate as polymerizable monomers (AMA) 0.2 part was mixed to obtain a monomer mixture.
- This monomer mixture was continuously added to the reactor over 4 hours for polymerization. During the addition, the reaction was carried out at 60 ° C. After completion of the addition, the reaction was terminated by further stirring at 70 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain an aqueous dispersion (binder dispersion) containing the water-insoluble particulate polymer 1.
- the polymerization conversion rate was 99% or more.
- the weight ratio represented by “(meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit / (meth) acrylate monomer unit” is 19.8 / 78
- the abundance of the crosslinkable monomer unit with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the (meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit and the (meth) acrylate monomer unit is 0.2 part by weight.
- the volume average particle diameter of the water-insoluble particulate polymer 1 was 170 nm.
- the weight ratio represented by “(meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit / (meth) acrylate monomer unit” is 2 / 94.8
- the abundance of the crosslinkable monomer unit with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the (meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit and the (meth) acrylate monomer unit is 2.3 parts by weight.
- the volume average particle diameter of the water-insoluble particulate polymer 2 was 370 nm.
- the weight ratio represented by “(meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit / (meth) acrylate monomer unit” is 20/78, and (meth) The abundance of the crosslinkable monomer unit with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the acrylonitrile monomer unit and the (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit is 0.0 part by weight.
- the volume average particle diameter of the water-insoluble particulate polymer 3 was 170 nm.
- the weight ratio represented by “(meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit / (meth) acrylate monomer unit” is 18.5 / 74
- the abundance of the crosslinkable monomer unit with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the (meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit and the (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit is 5.9 parts by weight.
- the volume average particle diameter of the water-insoluble particulate polymer 4 was 170 nm.
- the weight ratio represented by “(meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit / (meth) acrylate monomer unit” is 33.8 / 64, ( The abundance of the crosslinkable monomer unit with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the (meth) acrylonitrile monomer unit and the (meth) acrylate monomer unit is 0.2 part by weight.
- the volume average particle diameter of the water-insoluble particulate polymer 5 was 170 nm.
- Example 1 Preparation of sample
- alumina having a volume average particle diameter D50 of 0.5 ⁇ m manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., product name AKP-3000
- a viscosity modifier carboxymethyl cellulose (product name: Daicel 1220, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries) having an average degree of polymerization of 500 to 600 and an etherification degree of 0.8 to 1.0 was used.
- slurry composition for porous membrane (Manufacture of slurry composition for porous membrane) 94 parts of non-conductive particles, 0.5 part of water-soluble polymer A, 4 parts of water-insoluble particulate polymer 1 and 1.5 parts of a viscosity modifier are mixed, and water is added as a solid content. The mixture was mixed so that the concentration became 40% by weight, and dispersed using a bead mill to produce slurry composition 1. The slurry composition 1 was evaluated for viscosity, TI value, dispersibility, and storage stability. The results are shown in Table 3.
- An organic separator made of a polypropylene porous substrate (manufactured by Celgard, product name 2500, thickness 25 ⁇ m) was prepared.
- the slurry composition 1 was applied to one side of the prepared organic separator and dried at 60 ° C. for 10 minutes. By heating during drying, the allyl group which allyl methacrylate had became a crosslinkable group, and the water-insoluble particulate polymer 1 caused intramolecular crosslinking.
- a separator provided with a porous film having a thickness of 29 ⁇ m was obtained. About the separator provided with the obtained porous membrane, powder fall-off property and the increase rate of the Gurley value were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the positive electrode was cut into a circle having a diameter of 13 mm. Further, the negative electrode was cut into a circle having a diameter of 14 mm. Moreover, the separator provided with the porous film was cut into a circle having a diameter of 18 mm. A circular separator and a circular negative electrode were laminated in this order on the electrode mixture layer surface side of the circular positive electrode, and this was accommodated in a stainless steel coin-type outer container provided with a polypropylene packing. The circular negative electrode was disposed so that the surface on the electrode mixture layer side was in contact with the separator having the porous film.
- the separator having a circular porous film was disposed so that the surface on the porous film side was in contact with the negative electrode mixture layer.
- a stainless steel cap was put on and fixed, and the battery can was sealed to manufacture a lithium ion secondary battery having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of about 3.2 mm (coin cell CR2032).
- the obtained battery was evaluated for high-temperature cycle characteristics and rate characteristics. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 2 A slurry composition, a separator, and a secondary battery were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the water-soluble polymer B was used instead of the water-soluble polymer A as the water-soluble polymer. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 3 A slurry composition, a separator and a secondary battery were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the water-soluble polymer C was used instead of the water-soluble polymer A as the water-soluble polymer. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 4 A slurry composition, a separator, and a secondary battery were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the water-soluble polymer D was used instead of the water-soluble polymer A as the water-soluble polymer. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 5 The slurry composition, separator and secondary were the same as in Example 1 except that the water-insoluble particulate polymer 3 was used instead of the water-insoluble particulate polymer 1 as the water-insoluble particulate polymer. Batteries were manufactured and evaluated respectively. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 6 As the water-insoluble particulate polymer, a slurry composition, a separator and a secondary solution were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the water-insoluble particulate polymer 4 was used instead of the water-insoluble particulate polymer 1. Batteries were manufactured and evaluated respectively. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 7 As the water-insoluble particulate polymer, the slurry composition, separator and secondary were the same as in Example 1 except that the water-insoluble particulate polymer 5 was used instead of the water-insoluble particulate polymer 1. Batteries were manufactured and evaluated respectively. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 8 A slurry composition, a separator and a secondary battery were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the viscosity modifier was changed to 2.8 parts. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that TiO 2 (product name: CR-EL, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.) having a volume average particle diameter D50 of 0.25 ⁇ m was used as non-conductive particles instead of alumina. A composition, a separator, and a secondary battery were manufactured and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 10 As the water-insoluble particulate polymer, a slurry composition, a separator and a secondary solution were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the water-insoluble particulate polymer 2 was used instead of the water-insoluble particulate polymer 1. Batteries were manufactured and evaluated respectively. The results are shown in Table 4. In Example 10, the allyl group and the epoxy group which allyl glycidyl ether had became a crosslinkable group by heating during drying in the production process of the separator, so that the water-soluble polymer A and the water-insoluble particulate polymer were used. Intermolecular cross-linking with 2 and intramolecular cross-linking with the water-insoluble particulate polymer 2 occurred.
- Example 11 As the water-soluble polymer, a slurry composition, a separator and a secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.25 part of the water-soluble polymer C was used instead of the water-soluble polymer A. Each was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 12 In the same manner as in Example 1, slurry composition 1, positive electrode and negative electrode were produced.
- the slurry composition 1 was applied on the surface of the negative electrode so that the negative electrode mixture layer was completely covered so that the thickness after drying was 4 ⁇ m, and dried at 60 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a porous film. Thus, a negative electrode provided with a porous film was obtained. The powder fall-off property was evaluated about the obtained negative electrode. The results are shown in Table 5.
- the positive electrode was cut into a circle having a diameter of 13 mm.
- the negative electrode provided with the porous film was cut out into a circle having a diameter of 14 mm.
- a separator made of a circular polypropylene porous substrate having a diameter of 18 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was prepared.
- a circular separator and a circular negative electrode provided with a porous film were laminated in this order on the electrode mixture layer surface side of the circular positive electrode, and this was accommodated in a stainless steel coin-type outer container provided with a polypropylene packing.
- the circular negative electrode provided with the porous film was disposed so that the surface on the porous film side was in contact with the separator.
- Example 13 A slurry composition, a negative electrode, and a secondary battery were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the water-soluble polymer B was used instead of the water-soluble polymer A as the water-soluble polymer. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 14 A slurry composition, a negative electrode, and a secondary battery were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the water-soluble polymer C was used instead of the water-soluble polymer A as the water-soluble polymer. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 1 A slurry composition, a separator and a secondary battery were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of alumina was 67 parts. The results are shown in Table 6.
- Example 2 A slurry composition, a separator and a secondary battery were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the water-soluble polymer E was used instead of the water-soluble polymer A as the water-soluble polymer. The results are shown in Table 6.
- Example 3 A slurry composition, a separator and a secondary battery were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the water-soluble polymer was not used. The results are shown in Table 6.
- Example 4 A slurry composition, a separator and a secondary battery were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the water-soluble polymer A was changed to 5 parts. The results are shown in Table 6.
- the slurry composition containing a water-soluble polymer having a sulfonic acid group and a predetermined weight average molecular weight is excellent in dispersibility and storage stability. Moreover, if this slurry composition is used, the porous film excellent in powder fall-off property etc. is realizable. And by providing this porous film in an electrode or a separator, the high temperature cycle characteristic and rate characteristic of a secondary battery can be improved.
- the slurry composition of the present invention is usually used as a material for a porous film provided in a battery.
- the porous film of the present invention is usually provided in a battery element of a secondary battery, and is used for protecting the battery element or preventing a short circuit.
- the electrode and separator of the present invention are usually provided in a secondary battery.
- the secondary battery of the present invention can be used, for example, as a power source for electric devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers, and vehicles such as electric vehicles.
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Abstract
Description
しかし、従来の多孔膜では、スラリー組成物における非導電性粒子の分散性が十分ではなかったため、非導電性粒子の凝集が生じ易かった。また、特許文献2の技術では、スルホン酸基及びエポキシ基を有するアクリル共重合体は、同じ分子鎖中のスルホン酸基とエポキシ基とが重合中に架橋して、スラリー組成物の製造中や貯蔵中にゲル化が起こりやすく、非導電性粒子を均一に分散させることが困難になる場合があった。また、従来のスラリー組成物は、非導電性粒子の分散時に大きな力を要するため、分散時にかかる力によって非導電性粒子が解砕することがあった。前記のような凝集及び解砕が生じると、非導電性粒子の粒子径が変わるため、得られる多孔膜の空隙率が低下して電池のレート特性を損なうことがある。また、非導電性粒子の粒子径が変わると、多孔膜の比表面積が広くなり、非導電性粒子に吸着する水分量が増加してガス発生量が増えることにより、電池のサイクル特性(特に、高温サイクル特性)を損なうことがある。
さらに、分散性が十分でない非導電性粒子を分散させるには、分散のために長い時間と大きなエネルギーを費やすことになるので、製造効率の点でも改善が求められる。
すなわち、本発明によれば以下の〔1〕~〔11〕が提供される。
スルホン酸基を有し、重量平均分子量が1000以上15000以下である水溶性重合体0.1重量部~4重量部と、
非水溶性粒子状重合体0.1重量部~10重量部と、
水とを含む、電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物。
〔2〕 前記水溶性重合体がカルボキシル基を含む、〔1〕記載の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物。
〔3〕 前記非水溶性粒子状重合体が、(メタ)アクリロニトリル単量体単位と(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体単位とを含み、
(メタ)アクリロニトリル単量体単位/(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体単位で表される重量比が1/99以上30/70以下である、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物。
〔4〕 非水溶性粒子状重合体が、架橋性官能基を有する繰り返し単位を有し、
前記架橋性官能基を有する繰り返し単位の存在量が、(メタ)アクリロニトリル単量体単位と(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体単位との合計量100重量部に対して、0.01重量部~5重量部である、〔3〕記載の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物。
〔5〕 さらに、エーテル化度が0.5~1.0のセルロース半合成高分子化合物を0.1重量部~5重量部含む、〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれか一項に記載の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物。
〔6〕 前記非導電性粒子が、無機粒子である、〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか一項に記載の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物。
〔7〕 〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれか一項に記載の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物の膜を形成する塗布工程と、
形成した膜から水を除去する乾燥工程とを有する、二次電池用多孔膜の製造方法。
〔8〕 〔7〕記載の二次電池用多孔膜の製造方法によって製造された、二次電池用多孔膜。
〔9〕 集電体と、
前記集電体の表面に設けられた、電極合剤層用結着剤及び電極活物質を含む電極合剤層と、
前記電極合剤層の表面に設けられた、〔8〕記載の多孔膜とを備える、二次電池用電極。
〔10〕 有機セパレーターと、
前記有機セパレーターの表面に設けられた、〔8〕記載の多孔膜とを備える、二次電池用セパレーター。
〔11〕 正極、負極及び電解液を備え、
前記正極及び負極の少なくとも一方が〔9〕記載の二次電池用電極である、二次電池。
〔12〕 正極、負極、セパレーター及び電解液を備え、
前記セパレーターが、〔10〕記載の二次電池用セパレーターである、二次電池。
本発明の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物(以下、適宜「本発明のスラリー組成物」という。)は、少なくとも、非導電性粒子と、スルホン酸基を有する水溶性重合体と、非水溶性粒子状重合体と、水とを含む。本発明のスラリー組成物では一部の水溶性重合体は水に溶解しているが、別の一部の水溶性重合体が非導電性粒子の表面に吸着することによって、非導電性粒子が水溶性重合体の層(分散安定層)で覆われて、非導電性粒子の水中での分散性が向上している。
本発明のスラリー組成物は、非導電性粒子を含む。非導電性粒子としては、通常は無機粒子を用いる。無機粒子は分散安定性に優れ、本発明のスラリー組成物において沈降し難く、均一なスラリー状態を長時間維持することができるからである。中でも、非導電性粒子の材料としては、電気化学的に安定であり、また、水溶性重合体及び非水溶性粒子状重合体と混合して本発明のスラリー組成物を調製するのに適した材料が好ましい。このような観点から、非導電性粒子の材料の好ましい例を挙げると、酸化アルミニウム(アルミナ)、酸化ケイ素、酸化マグネシウム(マグネシア)、酸化カルシウム、酸化チタン(チタニア)、BaTiO3、ZrO、アルミナ-シリカ複合酸化物等の酸化物粒子;窒化アルミニウム、窒化硼素等の窒化物粒子;シリコン、ダイヤモンド等の共有結合性結晶粒子;硫酸バリウム、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化バリウム等の難溶性イオン結晶粒子;タルク、モンモリロナイト等の粘土微粒子;などが挙げられる。また、これらの粒子は必要に応じて元素置換、表面処理、固溶体化等が施されていてもよい。さらに、非導電性粒子は、1つの粒子の中に、前記の材料のうち1種類を単独で含むものであってもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて含むものであってもよい。また、非導電性粒子は、異なる材料で形成された2種類以上の粒子を組み合わせて用いてもよい。これらの中でも、電解液中での安定性と電位安定性の観点から酸化物粒子が好ましく、中でも吸水性が低く耐熱性(例えば180℃以上の高温に対する耐性)に優れる観点から酸化チタン、酸化マグネシウム及び酸化アルミニウムがより好ましく、酸化アルミニウムが特に好ましい。
本発明のスラリー組成物は、水溶性重合体を含む。ここで水溶性重合体とは、25℃において、その重合体0.5gを100gの水に溶解した際に、不溶分が0.5重量%未満の重合体をいう。一方、非水溶性の重合体とは、25℃において、その重合体0.5gを100gの水に溶解した際に、不溶分が90重量%以上の重合体をいう。
また、水溶性重合体が異なる2種類以上の繰り返し単位を含む場合には水溶性重合体は共重合体となる。その場合、水溶性重合体の共重合構造は、例えばランダム共重合体でもよく、ブロック共重合体でもよく、グラフト共重合体でもよく、これらを組み合わせた構造でもよい。中でも製造が容易であることから、通常はランダム共重合体を用いる。
本発明のスラリー組成物は、非水溶性粒子状重合体を含む。非水溶性粒子状重合体は本発明の多孔膜において結着剤として機能し、本発明の多孔膜の機械的強度を維持する役割を果たす。非水溶性粒子状重合体としては、非水溶性の粒子状の重合体であれば任意の種類の重合体を使用してもよいが、中でも、(メタ)アクリロニトリル単量体単位と(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体単位とを含む重合体が好ましい。(メタ)アクリロニトリル単量体単位と(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体単位とを含む非水溶性粒子状重合体は、酸化還元に安定で、高寿命の電池を得やすい。また、これらの繰り返し単位を含むアクリレートを非水溶性粒子状重合体として用いることで、本発明の多孔膜の柔軟性が向上し、それによりスリット時や捲回時に本発明の多孔膜から非導電性粒子が脱落することを抑制できる。
炭素-炭素二重結合及びエポキシ基を含有する単量体としては、例えば、ビニルグリシジルエーテル、アリルグリシジルエーテル、ブテニルグリシジルエーテル、o-アリルフェニルグリシジルエーテル等の不飽和グリシジルエーテル;ブタジエンモノエポキシド、クロロプレンモノエポキシド、4,5-エポキシ-2-ペンテン、3,4-エポキシ-1-ビニルシクロヘキセン、1,2-エポキシ-5,9-シクロドデカジエン等のジエン又はポリエンのモノエポキシド;3,4-エポキシ-1-ブテン、1,2-エポキシ-5-ヘキセン、1,2-エポキシ-9-デセン等のアルケニルエポキシド;グリシジルアクリレート、グリシジルメタクリレート、グリシジルクロトネート、グリシジル-4-ヘプテノエート、グリシジルソルベート、グリシジルリノレート、グリシジル-4-メチル-3-ペンテノエート、3-シクロヘキセンカルボン酸のグリシジルエステル、4-メチル-3-シクロヘキセンカルボン酸のグリシジルエステル、等の、不飽和カルボン酸のグリシジルエステル類;などが挙げられる。
本発明のスラリー組成物は、溶剤として水を含む。本発明のスラリー組成物においては、このような水の中でも非導電性粒子が凝集し難く、良好に分散する。
本発明のスラリー組成物は、粘度調整剤を含んでいてもよい。粘度調整剤を含むことにより、本発明のスラリー組成物の粘度を所望の範囲にして、非導電性粒子の分散性を高めたり、本発明のスラリー組成物の塗工性を高めたりすることができる。
粘度調整剤としては、水溶性の多糖類を使用することが好ましい。多糖類としては、例えば、天然高分子化合物、セルロース半合成高分子化合物などが挙げられる。なお、粘度調整剤は、1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明のスラリー組成物は、上述した成分以外にも、その他の任意の成分を含んでいてもよい。前記任意の成分は、本発明の二次電池における電池反応に過度に好ましくない影響を及ぼさないものであれば、特に制限は無い。また、前記任意の成分の種類は、1種類でもよく、2種類以上でもよい。
分散剤としてはアニオン性化合物、カチオン性化合物、非イオン性化合物、重合体化合物が例示される。分散剤の具体的な種類は、通常、使用する非導電性粒子に応じて選択される。
本発明のスラリー組成物では、非導電性粒子の分散性が高いので、粘度を容易に低くできる。本発明のスラリー組成物の具体的な粘度は、本発明の多孔膜を製造する際の塗工性を良好にする観点からは、10mPa・s~2000mPa・sが好ましい。なお、前記の粘度は、E型粘度計を用いて25℃、回転数60rpmで測定した時の値である。
本発明のスラリー組成物の製造方法は、特に限定はされないが、通常は、上述した非導電性粒子、水溶性重合体、非水溶性粒子状重合体及び水、並びに、必要に応じて用いられる前記任意の成分を混合して得られる。混合順序には特に制限は無い。また、混合方法にも特に制限は無いが、通常は、非導電性粒子を速やかに分散させるため、混合装置として分散機を用いて混合を行う。
本発明のスラリー組成物を用いることにより、本発明の多孔膜を製造することができる。通常は、適切な塗布基材の表面に本発明のスラリー組成物の膜(以下、適宜「塗膜」という。)を形成する工程(塗布工程)と、形成した塗膜から水を除去する工程(乾燥工程)とを行うことにより、本発明の多孔膜を得る(本発明の多孔膜の製造方法)。
乾燥温度は、水が気化して塗膜から除去される温度であればよいが、非水溶性粒子状重合体が熱架橋性基を有する場合、当該熱架橋性基が架橋反応を生じる温度以上の高温で乾燥を行うことが好ましい。塗膜からの水の除去と架橋とを同時に行うことにより工程数を減らして製造効率を向上させることができる。通常は40℃~120℃で乾燥させる。
本発明の多孔膜は、本発明のスラリー組成物から、上述した本発明の多孔膜の製造方法によって製造された膜である。本発明の多孔膜の固形分組成は、通常、本発明のスラリー組成物と同様となる。ただし、例えば水溶性重合体と非水溶性粒子状重合体とが架橋すること等によって別種の化合物が生成することがなどにより、本発明のスラリー組成物とは異なる固形分組成を有する場合もありえる。
本発明の多孔膜を設ける二次電池の種類に制限は無いが、例えば、リチウムイオン二次電池に設けることができる。また、電極としては、正極及び負極の何れに設けてもよい。
本発明の二次電池用電極(以下、適宜「本発明の電極」という。)は、集電体と、集電体の表面に設けられた電極合剤層と、電極合剤層の表面に設けられた本発明の多孔膜とを備える。電極合剤層の表面に本発明の多孔膜を設けても、本発明の多孔膜には電解液が浸透できるので、レート特性等に対して悪影響を及ぼすことは無い。また、本発明の多孔膜は適度な柔軟性を有するため、電極合剤層の表面に設けられると電極の保護膜として機能し、電池の製造過程における電極活物質の脱落防止および電池作動時の短絡防止ができる。
集電体は、電気導電性を有しかつ電気化学的に耐久性のある材料であれば特に制限されない。中でも、耐熱性を有するとの観点から、例えば、鉄、銅、アルミニウム、ニッケル、ステンレス鋼、チタン、タンタル、金、白金などの金属材料が好ましい。その中でも、非水電解質二次電池の正極用としてはアルミニウムが特に好ましく、負極用としては銅が特に好ましい。
集電体は、電極合剤層との接着強度を高めるため、予め粗面化処理して使用するのが好ましい。粗面化方法としては、例えば、機械的研磨法、電解研磨法、化学研磨法などが挙げられる。機械的研磨法においては、例えば、研磨剤粒子を固着した研磨布紙、砥石、エメリバフ、鋼線などを備えたワイヤーブラシ等が使用される。
また、電極合剤層との接着強度や導電性を高めるために、集電体表面に中間層を形成してもよい。
(電極活物質)
電極合剤層は、電極活物質を必須成分として含む。なお、以下の説明においては、適宜、電極活物質の中でも特に正極用の電極活物質のことを「正極活物質」と呼び、負極用の電極活物質のことを「負極活物質」と呼ぶ。通常は本発明の電極はリチウム二次電池において使用されるため、特にリチウム二次電池用の電極活物質について説明する。
なお、これらの正極活物質は、1種類だけを用いてもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、前述の無機化合物と有機化合物との混合物を正極活物質として用いてもよい。
電極合剤層は、電極活物質の他に、電極合剤層用結着剤を含むことが好ましい。電極合剤層用結着剤を含むことにより、電極中の電極合剤層の結着性が向上し、電極の撒回時等の工程上においてかかる機械的な力に対する強度が上がる。また、電極中の電極合剤層が脱離しにくくなることから、脱離物による短絡等の危険性が小さくなる。
(i)ポリブチルアクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリアクリロニトリル、ブチルアクリレート・スチレン共重合体、ブチルアクリレート・アクリロニトリル共重合体、ブチルアクリレート・アクリロニトリル・グリシジルメタクリレート共重合体などの、アクリル酸またはメタクリル酸誘導体の単独重合体またはそれと共重合可能な単量体との共重合体である、アクリル系軟質重合体;
(ii)ポリイソブチレン、イソブチレン・イソプレンゴム、イソブチレン・スチレン共重合体などのイソブチレン系軟質重合体;
(iii)ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、ブタジエン・スチレンランダム共重合体、イソプレン・スチレンランダム共重合体、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン共重合体、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン・スチレン共重合体、ブタジエン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、スチレン・ブタジエン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、イソプレン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、スチレン・イソプレン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体などジエン系軟質重合体;
(iv)ジメチルポリシロキサン、ジフェニルポリシロキサン、ジヒドロキシポリシロキサンなどのケイ素含有軟質重合体;
(v)液状ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ-1-ブテン、エチレン・α-オレフィン共重合体、プロピレン・α-オレフィン共重合体、エチレン・プロピレン・ジエン共重合体(EPDM)、エチレン・プロピレン・スチレン共重合体などのオレフィン系軟質重合体;
(vi)ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリステアリン酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル・スチレン共重合体などビニル系軟質重合体;
(vii)ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシド、エピクロルヒドリンゴムなどのエポキシ系軟質重合体;
(viii)フッ化ビニリデン系ゴム、四フッ化エチレン-プロピレンゴムなどのフッ素含有軟質重合体;
(ix)天然ゴム、ポリペプチド、蛋白質、ポリエステル系熱可塑性エラストマー、塩化ビニル系熱可塑性エラストマー、ポリアミド系熱可塑性エラストマーなどのその他の軟質重合体;などが挙げられる。これらの軟質重合体は、架橋構造を有したものであってもよく、また、変性により官能基を導入したものであってもよい。
電極合剤層には、電極活物質及び電極合剤層用結着剤以外にも、その他の成分が含まれていてもよい。その例を挙げると、導電性付与材(導電剤ともいう)、補強材などが挙げられる。なお、その他の成分は、1種類が単独で含まれていてもよく、2種類以上が任意の比率で組み合わせて含まれていてもよい。
導電性付与材及び補強剤の使用量は、電極活物質100重量部に対して、それぞれ、通常0重量部以上、好ましくは1重量部以上であり、通常20重量部以下、好ましくは10重量部以下である。
通常、電極合剤層は、電極活物質及び溶媒、並びに、必要に応じて電極合剤層用結着剤及びその他の成分を含むスラリー(以下、適宜「合剤スラリー」という。)を集電体に付着させて製造する。溶媒としては、電極合剤層が電極合剤層用結着剤を含む場合は、電極合剤層用結着剤を溶解または粒子状に分散するものであればよいが、溶解するものが好ましい。電極合剤層用結着剤を溶解する溶媒を用いると、電極合剤層用結着剤が表面に吸着することにより電極活物質などの分散が安定化する。
電極合剤層は、例えば、集電体の少なくとも片面、好ましくは両面に電極合剤層を層状に結着させることにより製造できる。具体例を挙げると、合剤スラリーを集電体に塗布及び乾燥し、次いで、120℃以上で1時間以上加熱処理して電極合剤層を製造できる。
合剤スラリーを集電体へ塗布する方法としては、例えば、ドクターブレード法、ディップ法、リバースロール法、ダイレクトロール法、グラビア法、エクストルージョン法、ハケ塗り法などの方法が挙げられる。また、乾燥方法としては、例えば、温風、熱風、低湿風による乾燥、真空乾燥、(遠)赤外線や電子線などの照射による乾燥法が挙げられる。
また、電極合剤層用結着剤として硬化性の重合体を用いる場合、合剤スラリーを塗布した後の適切な時期に電極合剤層用結着剤を硬化させることが好ましい。
本発明の二次電池は、電極合剤層の表面に本発明の多孔膜を備える。これにより、電極合剤層からの電極活物質等の脱離、電極合剤層の剥離、電池の内部短絡等を防止することができる。
1)本発明のスラリー組成物を電極活物質層の表面に塗布し、次いで乾燥する方法;
2)本発明のスラリー組成物に電極活物質層を浸漬後、これを乾燥する方法;
3)本発明のスラリー組成物を、剥離フィルム上に塗布、乾燥して本発明の多孔膜を製造し、得られた本発明の多孔膜を電極活物質層の表面に転写する方法;
などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、前記1)の方法が、本発明の多孔膜の膜厚制御をしやすいことから特に好ましい。
本発明の電極は、本発明の効果を著しく損なわない限り、集電体、電極合剤層及び本発明の多孔膜以外の構成要素を備えていてもよい。例えば、必要に応じて、電極合剤層と本発明の多孔膜との間に他の層を設けてもよい。この場合、本発明の多孔膜は電極合剤層の表面に間接的に設けられることになる。また、本発明の多孔膜の表面に、更に別の層を設けてもよい。
本発明の二次電池用セパレーター(以下、適宜「本発明のセパレーター」という。)は、有機セパレーターと、有機セパレーターの表面に設けられた本発明の多孔膜とを備える。セパレーターが本発明の多孔膜を備えていても、本発明の多孔膜には電解液が浸透できるので、レート特性等に対して悪影響を及ぼすことは無い。
1)本発明のスラリー組成物を有機セパレーターの表面に塗布し、次いで乾燥する方法;
2)本発明のスラリー組成物に有機セパレーターを浸漬後、これを乾燥する方法;
3)本発明のスラリー組成物を、剥離フィルム上に塗布、乾燥して本発明の多孔膜を製造し、得られた本発明の多孔膜を有機セパレーターの表面に転写する方法;
などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、前記1)の方法が、本発明の多孔膜の膜厚制御をしやすいことから特に好ましい。
本発明の二次電池は、少なくとも、正極、負極及び電解液を備える。ただし、本発明の二次電池は、下記の要件(A)及び(B)の一方又は両方を満たす。
(A)正極及び負極の少なくとも一方が、本発明の電極である。
(B)セパレーターとして、本発明のセパレーターを備える。
本発明の二次電池は、原則として、正極及び負極の一方又は両方として、本発明の電極を備える。ただし、本発明の二次電池がセパレーターとして本発明のセパレーターを備える場合には、正極及び負極の両方として本発明の電極以外の電極を備えていてもよい。
本発明の二次電池は、原則として、セパレーターとして本発明のセパレーターを備える。ただし、本発明の二次電池が正極及び負極の一方又は両方として本発明の電極を備える場合には、セパレーターとして本発明のセパレーター以外のセパレーターを備えていてもよい。また、電極活物質層の表面に設けられた本発明の多孔膜はセパレーターとしての機能を有するので、本発明の電極を備える二次電池においてはセパレーターを省略してもよい。
電解液としては、通常、有機溶媒に支持電解質を溶解した有機電解液が用いられる。支持電解質としては、例えば、リチウム塩が用いられる。リチウム塩としては、例えば、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、LiClO4、CF3SO3Li、C4F9SO3Li、CF3COOLi、(CF3CO)2NLi、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(C2F5SO2)NLiなどが挙げられる。中でも、溶媒に溶けやすく高い解離度を示すので、LiPF6、LiClO4、CF3SO3Liが好ましい。なお、電解質は1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて用いてもよい。通常は、解離度の高い支持電解質を用いるほどリチウムイオン伝導度が高くなる傾向があるので、支持電解質の種類によりリチウムイオン伝導度を調節することができる。
本発明の二次電池の製造方法としては、例えば、正極と負極とをセパレーターを介して重ね合わせ、これを電池形状に応じて、巻く、折るなどして電池容器に入れ、電池容器に電解液を注入して封口する方法が挙げられる。また、必要に応じてエキスパンドメタルや、ヒューズ、PTC素子などの過電流防止素子、リード板などを入れ、電池内部の圧力上昇、過充放電の防止をしてもよい。電池の形状は、例えば、コイン型、ボタン型、シート型、円筒型、角形、扁平型など、何れであってもよい。
〔スラリー組成物の粘度〕
多孔膜用のスラリー組成物の粘度は、JIS Z8803:1991に準じて、円すい-板形回転粘度計(25℃、回転数:6rpm、60rpm、プレートNo:42)により測定し、測定開始60秒後の値を求める。
TI値(チクソトロピックインデックス値)は、回転数6rpm、60秒後の粘度η6と、回転数60rpm、60秒後の粘度η60から、下記式を用いて算出する。
TI値=η6/η60
非導電性粒子の一次粒子径は、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で非導電性粒子を観察して撮影し、それを印刷した写真から直接測定する。この操作を、無作為に選んだ300個の非導電性粒子について行い、その測定値の平均値を一次粒子径とする。なお、非導電性粒子の一次粒子径の測定は、スラリー組成物を調製する前に行う。
レーザ回折式粒度分布測定装置(SALD-2000:島津製作所社製)を用いて、調整後の多孔膜用のスラリー組成物の非導電性粒子の体積平均粒子径D50を求め、下記の基準でスラリー組成物の分散性を判定する。スラリー組成物中の非導電性粒子の体積平均粒子径D50が非導電性粒子の1次粒子径に近いほど、分散性に優れることを示す。
B:スラリー組成物中の非導電性粒子の体積平均粒子径D50が、非導電性粒子の一次粒子径の1.2倍以上1.4倍未満である。
C:スラリー組成物中の非導電性粒子の体積平均粒子径D50が、非導電性粒子の一次粒子径の1.4倍以上1.6倍未満である。
D:スラリー組成物中の非導電性粒子の体積平均粒子径D50が、非導電性粒子の一次粒子径の1.6倍以上1.8倍未満である。
E:スラリー組成物中の非導電性粒子の体積平均粒子径D50が、非導電性粒子の一次粒子径の1.8倍以上である。
レーザ回折式粒度分布測定装置(SALD-2000:島津製作所社製)を用いて、調整から1日経過後の多孔膜用のスラリー組成物の非導電性粒子の体積平均粒子径D50(これを「d501」とする)と、調整から5日経過後の体積平均粒子径D50(これを「d505」とする)とを測定する。スラリー組成物中の非導電性粒子の体積粒子径D50の変化率(=d505/d501)を求め、下記の基準によってスラリー組成物の凝集性を判定する。体積平均粒子径D50の変化率が小さいほど、スラリー組成物の保存安定性に優れることを示す。
B:体積平均粒子径D50の変化率が1.2倍以上1.4倍未満である。
C:体積平均粒子径D50の変化率が1.4倍以上1.6倍未満である。
D:体積平均粒子径D50の変化率が1.6倍以上1.8倍未満である。
E:体積平均粒子径D50の変化率が1.8倍以上である。
電極またはセパレーターを、幅1cm×長さ5cmの矩形に切って試験片とする。試験片の多孔膜側の面を上にして机上に置き、長さ方向の中央(端部から2.5cmの位置)の集電体、または有機セパレーター側の面に、直径1mmのステンレス棒を短手方向に横たえて設置する。このステンレス棒を中心にして、試験片を多孔膜が外側になるように180°折り曲げる。以上の試験を10枚の試験片について行い、各試験片の多孔膜の折り曲げた部分について、ひび割れまたは粉落ちの有無を観察し、下記の基準により判定する。ひび割れ、剥がれ粉落ちが少ないほど、電極合剤層上または有機セパレーター上に形成した多孔膜が粉落ち性に優れることを示す。
B:10枚中1~3枚に、ひび割れまたは粉落ちがみられる。
C:10枚中4~6枚に、ひび割れまたは粉落ちがみられる。
D:10枚中7~9枚に、ひび割れまたは粉落ちがみられる。
E:10枚中全てに、ひび割れまたは粉落ちがみられる。
セパレーターをガーレー測定器(熊谷理機工業製 SMOOTH & POROSITY METER(測定径:φ2.9cm))を用いてガーレー値(sec/100cc)を測定する。これにより、多孔膜層を設けることで、元の基材(セパレーター)からガーレー値が増加する割合を求め、下記の基準により判定する。ガーレー値の増加率が低いほどイオンの透過性に優れ、電池でのレート特性に優れることを示す。
B:ガーレー値の増加率が4%以上8%未満である
C:ガーレー値の増加率が8%以上12%未満である
D:ガーレー値の増加率が12%以上16%未満である。
E:ガーレー値の増加率が16%以上である。
10セルのフルセルコイン型電池を60℃雰囲気下、0.2Cの定電流法によって4.2Vに充電し、3.0Vまで放電する充放電を繰り返し放電容量を測定した。10セルの平均値を測定値とし、50サイクル終了時の放電容量と5サイクル終了時の放電容量の比(%)で表される容量保持率を求め、これをサイクル特性の評価基準とする。この値が高いほど高温サイクル特性に優れることを示す。
B:容量保持率が70%以上80%未満である。
C:容量保持率が60%以上70%未満である。
D:容量保持率が50%以上60%未満である。
E:容量保持率が40%以上50%未満である。
F:容量保持率が40%未満である。
10セルのフルセルコイン型電池を用いて、25℃で0.1Cの定電流で4.2Vまで充電し、0.1Cの定電流で3.0Vまで放電する充放電サイクルと、5.0Cの定電流で3.0Vまで放電する充放電サイクルをそれぞれ行った。0.1Cにおける放電容量に対する5.0Cにおける放電容量の割合を百分率で算出して充放電レート特性とし、下記の基準で判定した。この値が大きいほど、内部抵抗が小さく、高速充放電が可能であることを示す。
B:充放電レート特性が55%以上60%未満である。
C:充放電レート特性が50%以上55%未満である。
D:充放電レート特性が45%以上50%未満である。
E:充放電レート特性が40%以上45%未満である。
F:充放電レート特性が40%未満である。
攪拌機、還流冷却管および温度計を備えた容量1LのSUS製セパラブルフラスコに、脱塩水を249.0gを予め仕込み、90℃にて攪拌しながら、濃度35%のアクリル酸ナトリウム水溶液286g(固形分100g)と、濃度40%の3-アリロキシ-2-ヒドロキシ-1-プロパンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液250g(固形分100g)と、濃度5%の過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液200gとを、それぞれ別々に3.5時間かけて滴下した。全ての滴下終了後、さらに30分間にわたって沸点還流状態を維持して重合を完結させ、共重合体である水溶性重合体Aの水溶液を得た。得られた水溶性重合体Aの水溶液を分析したところ、水溶性重合体Aの重量平均分子量は6,000であった。この水溶性重合体Aが含むスルホン酸単位の量は50重量%であり、水溶性重合体A中のスルホン酸基の重量割合は15重量%であった。
過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液の量を400gにしたこと以外は製造例1と同様にして、共重合体である水溶性重合体Bの水溶液を得た。得られた水溶性重合体Bの水溶液を分析したところ、水溶性重合体Bの重量平均分子量は3,000であった。この水溶性重合体Bが含むスルホン酸単位の量は50重量%であり、水溶性重合体B中のスルホン酸基の重量割合は15重量%であった。
アクリル酸ナトリウム水溶液の量を429g(固形分150g)にし、3-アリロキシ-2-ヒドロキシ-1-プロパンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液の量を150g(固形分60g)にし、過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液の量を100gにしたこと以外は製造例1と同様にして、共重合体である水溶性重合体Cの水溶液を得た。得られた水溶性重合体Cの水溶液を分析したところ、水溶性重合体Cの重量平均分子量は11,500であった。この水溶性重合体Cが含むスルホン酸単位の量は29重量%であり、水溶性重合体C中のスルホン酸基の重量割合は7重量%であった。
アクリル酸ナトリウム水溶液の量を114g(固形分40g)にし、3-アリロキシ-2-ヒドロキシ-1-プロパンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液の量を400g(固形分160g)にし、過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液の量を300gにしたこと以外は製造例1と同様にして、共重合体である水溶性重合体Dの水溶液を得た。得られた水溶性重合体Dの水溶液を分析したところ、水溶性重合体Dの重量平均分子量は4,000であった。この水溶性重合体Dが含むスルホン酸単位の量は80重量%であり、水溶性重合体D中のスルホン酸基の重量割合は30重量%であった。
過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液の量を50gにしたこと以外は製造例1と同様にして、共重合体である水溶性重合体Eの水溶液を得た。得られた水溶性重合体Eの水溶液を分析したところ、水溶性重合体Eの重量平均分子量は20,000であった。この水溶性重合体Eが含むスルホン酸単位の量は50重量%であり、水溶性重合体E中のスルホン酸基の重量割合は15重量%であった。
撹拌機を備えた反応器に、イオン交換水70部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.2部、過流酸アンモニウム0.3部、並びに、乳化剤としてポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム(花王ケミカル社製、製品名「エマールD-3-D」)0.82部、及び、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(花王ケミカル社製、製品名「エマルゲン-120」)0.59部をそれぞれ供給し、気相部を窒素ガスで置換し、60℃に昇温した。
一方、別の容器でイオン交換水50部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.5部、並びに、重合性単量体として2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート78部、アクリロニトリル19.8部、メタクリル酸2部およびアリルメタクリレート(AMA)0.2部を混合して単量体混合物を得た。この単量体混合物を4時間かけて前記反応器に連続的に添加して重合を行った。添加中は、60℃で反応を行った。添加終了後、さらに70℃で3時間撹拌して反応を終了し、非水溶性粒子状重合体1を含む水分散液(バインダー分散液)を得た。重合転化率は99%以上であった。
過流酸アンモニウムの量を0.5部に変更したこと、乳化剤としてラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(花王ケミカル社製、製品名「エマール2F」)0.15部を用いたこと、並びに、重合性単量体として、ブチルアクリレート94.8部、アクリロニトリル2部、メタクリル酸2部、N-メチロールアクリルアミド(NMA)1.2部、およびアリルグリシジルエーテル(AGE)1部を用いたこと以外は製造例6と同様にして、非水溶性粒子状重合体2を含む水分散液を得た。
アクリロニトリルの量を20.0部にし、アリルメタクリレートを使用しなかったこと以外は製造例6と同様にして、非水溶性粒子状重合体3を含む水分散液を得た。
2-エチルヘキシルアクリレートの量を74部にし、アクリロニトリルの量を18.5部にし、アリルメタクリレートの量を5.5部にしたこと以外は製造例6と同様にして、非水溶性粒子状重合体4を含む水分散液を得た。
2-エチルヘキシルアクリレートの量を64部にし、アクリロニトリルの量を33.8部にしたこと以外は製造例6と同様にして、非水溶性粒子状重合体5を含む水分散液を得た。
(試料の用意)
非導電性粒子として、体積平均粒子径D50が0.5μmのアルミナ(住友化学社製、製品名AKP-3000)を用意した。
粘度調整剤として、平均重合度500~600、エーテル化度0.8~1.0のカルボキシメチルセルロース(ダイセル化学社製、製品名ダイセル1220)を用いた。
非導電性粒子を94部、水溶性重合体Aを0.5部、非水溶性粒子状重合体1を4部、及び粘度調整剤を1.5部とって混合し、更に水を固形分濃度が40重量%になるように混合して、ビーズミルを用いて分散させ、スラリー組成物1を製造した。
スラリー組成物1について粘度、TI値、分散性及び保存安定性を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
ポリプロピレン製の多孔基材からなる有機セパレーター(セルガード社製、製品名2500、厚み25μm)を用意した。用意した有機セパレーターの片面に、スラリー組成物1を塗布し、60℃で10分乾燥させた。乾燥の際の加熱により、アリルメタクリレートが有していたアリル基が架橋性基となり、非水溶性粒子状重合体1が分子内架橋を生じた。厚み29μmの多孔膜を備えるセパレーターを得た。
得られた多孔膜を備えるセパレーターについて、粉落ち性、並びに、ガーレー値の増加率を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
正極活物質としてLiCoO2を95部に、電極合剤層用結着剤としてPVDF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)を固形分量が3部となるように加え、さらに、アセチレンブラック2部、N-メチルピロリドン20部を加えて、プラネタリーミキサーで混合してスラリー状の合剤スラリーを得た。この正極用の合剤スラリーを厚さ18μmのアルミニウム箔に塗布し、120℃で30分乾燥した後、ロールプレスして厚さ60μmの正極を得た。
負極活物質として粒子径20μm、比表面積4.2m2/gのグラファイトを98部と、電極合剤層用結着剤としてPVDF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)を固形分相当で5部とを混合し、更にN-メチルピロリドン(NMP)を加えてプラネタリーミキサーで混合してスラリー状の合剤スラリーを調製した。この負極用の合剤スラリーを厚さ0.1mmの銅箔の片面に塗布し、110℃で30分乾燥した後、ロールプレスして厚さが70μmの負極を得た。
正極を直径13mmの円形に切り抜いた。また、負極を直径14mmの円形に切り抜いた。また、多孔膜を備えるセパレーターを直径18mmの円形に切り取った。円形の正極の電極合剤層面側に、円形のセパレーター及び円形の負極を順に積層し、これをポリプロピレン製パッキンを設置したステンレス鋼製のコイン型外装容器中に収納した。円形の負極は、その電極合剤層側の面が、多孔膜を有するセパレーターに接するよう配置した。また、円形の多孔膜を有するセパレーターは、その多孔膜側の面が、負極合剤層に接するよう配置した。この容器中に電解液(溶媒:EC/DEC=1/2、電解質:濃度1MのLiPF6)を空気が残らないように注入し、ポリプロピレン製パッキンを介して外装容器に厚さ0.2mmのステンレス鋼のキャップをかぶせて固定し、電池缶を封止して、直径20mm、厚さ約3.2mmのリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した(コインセルCR2032)。
得られた電池の高温サイクル特性及びレート特性を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
水溶性重合体として、水溶性重合体Aの代わりに水溶性重合体Bを用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表3に示す。
水溶性重合体として、水溶性重合体Aの代わりに水溶性重合体Cを用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表3に示す。
水溶性重合体として、水溶性重合体Aの代わりに水溶性重合体Dを用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表3に示す。
非水溶性粒子状重合体として、非水溶性粒子状重合体1の代わりに非水溶性粒子状重合体3を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表3に示す。
非水溶性粒子状重合体として、非水溶性粒子状重合体1の代わりに非水溶性粒子状重合体4を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非水溶性粒子状重合体として、非水溶性粒子状重合体1の代わりに非水溶性粒子状重合体5を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表4に示す。
粘度調整剤の量を2.8部に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非導電性粒子として、アルミナの代わりに、体積平均粒子径D50が0.25μmのTiO2(石原産業社製、製品名CR-EL)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表4に示す。
非水溶性粒子状重合体として、非水溶性粒子状重合体1の代わりに非水溶性粒子状重合体2を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、実施例10においてはセパレーターの製造工程における乾燥時の加熱により、アリルグリシジルエーテルが有していたアリル基及びエポキシ基が架橋性基となり、水溶性重合体Aと非水溶性粒子状重合体2との間での分子間架橋及び非水溶性粒子状重合体2での分子内架橋が生じた。
水溶性重合体として、水溶性重合体Aの代わりに水溶性重合体Cを0.25部用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表5に示す。
実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物1、正極及び負極を製造した。
スラリー組成物1を、負極の表面に、負極合剤層が完全に覆われるように、乾燥後の厚みが4μmとなるように塗工し、60℃で10分間乾燥し、多孔膜を形成して、多孔膜を備えた負極を得た。
得られた負極について粉落ち性を評価した。結果を表5に示す。
正極を直径13mmの円形に切り抜いた。また、多孔膜を備えた負極を直径14mmの円形に切り抜いた。また、直径18mm、厚さ25μmの円形ポリプロピレン製の多孔基材からなるセパレーターを用意した。円形の正極の電極合剤層面側に円形のセパレーター、多孔膜を備えた円形の負極を順に積層し、これをポリプロピレン製パッキンを設置したステンレス鋼製のコイン型外装容器中に収納した。多孔膜を備えた円形の負極は、その多孔膜側の面が、セパレーターに接するように配置した。この容器中に電解液(溶媒:EC/DEC=1/2、電解質:濃度1MのLiPF6)を空気が残らないように注入し、ポリプロピレン製パッキンを介して外装容器に厚さ0.2mmのステンレス鋼のキャップをかぶせて固定し、電池缶を封止して、直径20mm、厚さ約3.2mmのリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した(コインセルCR2032)。
得られた電池の高温サイクル特性及びレート特性を評価した。結果を表5に示す。
水溶性重合体として、水溶性重合体Aの代わりに水溶性重合体Bを用いたこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、スラリー組成物、負極及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表5に示す。
水溶性重合体として、水溶性重合体Aの代わりに水溶性重合体Cを用いたこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、スラリー組成物、負極及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表5に示す。
アルミナの量を67部にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表6に示す。
水溶性重合体として水溶性重合体Aの代わりに水溶性重合体Eを用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表6に示す。
水溶性重合体を使用しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表6に示す。
水溶性重合体Aの量を5部にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、スラリー組成物、セパレーター及び二次電池を製造し、それぞれ評価した。結果を表6に示す。
本発明の多孔膜は、通常、二次電池の電池要素に設けられ、その電池要素の保護又は短絡防止に使用される。
本発明の電極及びセパレーターは、通常、二次電池に設けられる。
本発明の二次電池は、例えば、携帯電話、ノートパソコン等の電気機器、電気自動車等の車両用の電源として使用できる。
Claims (12)
- 非導電性粒子70重量部~99重量部と、
スルホン酸基を有し、重量平均分子量が1000以上15000以下である水溶性重合体0.1重量部~4重量部と、
非水溶性粒子状重合体0.1重量部~10重量部と、
水とを含む、電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物。 - 前記水溶性重合体がカルボキシル基を含む、請求項1記載の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物。
- 前記非水溶性粒子状重合体が、(メタ)アクリロニトリル単量体単位と(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体単位とを含み、
(メタ)アクリロニトリル単量体単位/(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体単位で表される重量比が1/99以上30/70以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物。 - 非水溶性粒子状重合体が、架橋性官能基を有する繰り返し単位を有し、
前記架橋性官能基を有する繰り返し単位の存在量が、(メタ)アクリロニトリル単量体単位と(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体単位との合計量100重量部に対して、0.01重量部~5重量部である、請求項3記載の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物。 - さらに、エーテル化度が0.5~1.0のセルロース半合成高分子化合物を0.1重量部~5重量部含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物。
- 前記非導電性粒子が、無機粒子である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の電池多孔膜用スラリー組成物の膜を形成する塗布工程と、
形成した膜から水を除去する乾燥工程とを有する、二次電池用多孔膜の製造方法。 - 請求項7記載の二次電池用多孔膜の製造方法によって製造された、二次電池用多孔膜。
- 集電体と、
前記集電体の表面に設けられた、電極合剤層用結着剤及び電極活物質を含む電極合剤層と、
前記電極合剤層の表面に設けられた、請求項8記載の多孔膜とを備える、二次電池用電極。 - 有機セパレーターと、
前記有機セパレーターの表面に設けられた、請求項8記載の多孔膜とを備える、二次電池用セパレーター。 - 正極、負極及び電解液を備え、
前記正極及び負極の少なくとも一方が請求項9記載の二次電池用電極である、二次電池。 - 正極、負極、セパレーター及び電解液を備え、
前記セパレーターが、請求項10記載の二次電池用セパレーターである、二次電池。
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CN103081181B (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
CN103081181A (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
KR101801049B1 (ko) | 2017-11-24 |
JP5747919B2 (ja) | 2015-07-15 |
JPWO2012029805A1 (ja) | 2013-10-31 |
KR20130107269A (ko) | 2013-10-01 |
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