WO2010038812A1 - 電解処理方法および電解処理装置 - Google Patents
電解処理方法および電解処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010038812A1 WO2010038812A1 PCT/JP2009/067103 JP2009067103W WO2010038812A1 WO 2010038812 A1 WO2010038812 A1 WO 2010038812A1 JP 2009067103 W JP2009067103 W JP 2009067103W WO 2010038812 A1 WO2010038812 A1 WO 2010038812A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/02—Etching
- C25F3/04—Etching of light metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N3/00—Preparing for use and conserving printing surfaces
- B41N3/03—Chemical or electrical pretreatment
- B41N3/034—Chemical or electrical pretreatment characterised by the electrochemical treatment of the aluminum support, e.g. anodisation, electro-graining; Sealing of the anodised layer; Treatment of the anodic layer with inorganic compounds; Colouring of the anodic layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/005—Apparatus specially adapted for electrolytic conversion coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/024—Anodisation under pulsed or modulated current or potential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0607—Wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
- C25D7/0635—In radial cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic treatment method and an electrolytic treatment apparatus, and more particularly, to an electrolytic treatment method and an electrolytic treatment apparatus that can effectively suppress the occurrence of chatter marks on a web in alternating current electrolytic treatment.
- the electrolytic surface-roughening treatment is roughened by alternating current electrolytic treatment. Widely done.
- chatter marks which are striped patterns along the width direction of the aluminum web, occur on the roughened surface of the aluminum web.
- G (a) a ⁇ [a], where [a] is the largest integer not exceeding a.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide an electrolytic treatment method and an electrolytic treatment apparatus capable of effectively suppressing the generation of chatter marks when an aluminum web is subjected to electrolytic surface roughening treatment. To do.
- an electrolysis is performed by applying an alternating current to a plurality of electrodes arranged along a web conveyance direction with respect to a web conveyed at a predetermined conveyance speed along a certain direction.
- a method of processing wherein an AC voltage waveform applied to a web when a certain point of the web passes through an end of one electrode, and a tip of another electrode adjacent to the downstream side of the one electrode are connected to the web.
- the conveyance speed of the web, the frequency of the AC applied to one electrode and the other electrode, and the one electrode and the other so that the AC voltage waveform applied to the web as one point passes do not overlap.
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic treatment method for setting a web conveyance distance between electrodes.
- a second aspect of the present invention relates to the electrolytic treatment method according to the first aspect, wherein the web is a pure aluminum or aluminum alloy web.
- a web conveyance roller around which the web is wound is provided between the one electrode and another electrode, and the web conveyance
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for setting a web conveyance distance between the one electrode and another electrode by setting the height and outer diameter of the roller.
- an electrolytic treatment method in which a web conveyed at a predetermined conveyance speed in a certain direction is subjected to an electrolytic treatment by applying an alternating current to a plurality of electrodes arranged along the conveyance direction of the web.
- the web conveyance speed, the frequency of the alternating current applied to one electrode and the other electrode, and the one electrode and the other electrode so that the alternating voltage waveform applied to the web does not overlap when passing The present invention relates to an electrolytic treatment apparatus in which a web conveyance distance is set.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention relates to the electrolytic treatment apparatus according to the fourth aspect, wherein the web is a pure aluminum or aluminum alloy web.
- the web transport roller on which the web is wound between the one electrode and the other electrode is provided.
- the present invention relates to one in which the web conveyance distance between the one electrode and the other electrode is set by setting the height and outer diameter of the roller.
- the alternating voltage waveform applied to the web at the end of one electrode does not overlap with the alternating voltage waveform applied to the web at the tip of the other electrode, in other words, An alternating voltage having the same phase angle is not applied to the web at the end of one electrode and the tip of another electrode. Therefore, the same electrochemical reaction does not occur at the end of one electrode and the tip of another electrode at the same location on the web, so even if a chatter mark occurs on the web at the end of one electrode, The chatter marks are not emphasized at the tips of the electrodes, and the generation of clear chatter marks that can be seen with the naked eye is suppressed.
- a lithographic printing plate support having no chatter marks can be produced.
- the web conveyance distance between one electrode and another electrode is set by setting the height or outer diameter of the web conveyance roller, Conditions that do not cause chatter marks can be set without changing the conveyance speed, AC frequency, AC phase difference between one electrode and another electrode, and the like. Thereby, a support for a lithographic printing plate having no chatter mark can be easily produced from a pure aluminum or aluminum alloy web.
- the AC voltage waveform applied to the web at the end of one electrode and the AC applied to the web at the tip of the other electrode do not overlap, in other words, AC voltages having the same phase angle are not applied to the web at the end of one electrode and the tip of the other electrode. Therefore, since the same electrochemical reaction does not occur at the end of one electrode and the tip of another electrode at the same location on the web, the generation of a clear chatter mark that can be visually recognized is suppressed.
- a lithographic printing plate support having no chatter mark can be easily produced.
- the web conveyance distance between one electrode and the other electrode is set by setting the height or outer diameter of the web conveyance roller. In order not to cause this, it is not necessary to reset the web conveyance speed, the AC frequency, the AC phase difference between one electrode and the other electrode, and the like. Therefore, a lithographic printing plate support having no chatter marks can be easily produced without resetting these conditions after the lithographic printing plate support is produced.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of the electrolytic surface roughening processing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of the electrolytic surface roughening processing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 2 It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of the electrolytic surface roughening processing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- an electrolytic surface roughening treatment apparatus 100 includes an electrolytic cell main body 2 in which an electrolytic cell 2 ⁇ / b> A in which an acidic electrolytic solution is stored, and an electrolytic cell 2 ⁇ / b> A inside.
- a feed roller 4 is disposed rotatably about an axis extending in the direction, and feeds the aluminum web W in the direction of arrow a, that is, from the right to the left in FIG.
- the aluminum web W is an example of the web of the present invention.
- the inner wall surface of the electrolytic cell 2A is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape so as to surround the feed roller 4, and a semi-cylindrical upstream electrode 6A and a downstream electrode 6B are provided on the inner wall surface with the feed roller 4 interposed therebetween.
- the upstream electrode 6A is located on the upstream side with respect to the transport direction a and the downstream electrode 6B is located on the downstream side along the transport direction a, the upstream electrode 6A and the downstream electrode 6B are respectively in the present invention. It corresponds to one electrode and the other electrode.
- the upstream electrode 6A and the downstream electrode 6B are each divided into a plurality of small electrodes 62A and 62B along the circumferential direction, and insulating layers 64A and 64B are interposed between the electrodes 62A and 62B, respectively.
- the small electrodes 62A and 62B can be formed using, for example, graphite or metal, and the insulating layers 64A and 64B can be formed using, for example, vinyl chloride resin.
- the thickness of the insulating layers 64A and 64B is preferably 1 to 10 mm.
- the small electrodes 62A and 62B are connected to the power source AC, respectively.
- the small electrodes 62A and 62B and the insulating layers 64A and 64B are all held by an insulating electrode holder 64C to form the upstream electrode 6A and the downstream electrode 6B.
- the power source AC has a function of supplying the alternating waveform current to the upstream electrode 6A and the downstream electrode 6B, and can control the voltage, frequency, and phase of the output alternating current.
- the power supply AC is a sine wave generation circuit that generates a sine wave by adjusting current / voltage of commercial alternating current using an induction voltage regulator and a transformer, and direct current obtained by means such as rectifying the commercial alternating current. Examples include a thyristor circuit that generates a trapezoidal wave current or a rectangular wave current.
- the distance d2 between the end of the upstream electrode 6A and the tip of the downstream electrode 6B is applied to the web at the end of the upstream electrode 6A in relation to the conveyance speed of the aluminum web W and the frequency and phase of the alternating current output from the power source AC.
- the AC voltage waveform to be applied is not overlapped with the AC voltage waveform applied to the aluminum web W at the tip of the downstream electrode 6B, in other words, the absolute value of the phase difference is set to be large.
- the length of the upstream electrode 6A along the web conveyance path is d1 (mm)
- the frequency of the alternating current output from the power supply AC is fHz
- the conveyance speed of the aluminum web W is v (m / min).
- “the waveforms do not overlap” in this application means that the phase difference ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 between the phase ⁇ 1 of the alternating current at the end of the upstream electrode 6A and the phase ⁇ 2 of the alternating current at the tip of the downstream electrode 6B is not zero. It has a certain absolute value.
- the distance d2 may be set so that the absolute value of the phase difference ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 increases, specifically, 0.2 or more, preferably 0.7 or more.
- the above formula may be established by adjusting the frequency f of the alternating current from the power source AC and the conveyance speed v of the aluminum web W.
- an opening 2B through which an aluminum web W, which is an example of a metal plate of the present invention and is a continuous strip-like aluminum plate, is introduced and led out during the AC electrolytic surface roughening treatment.
- an acidic electrolyte replenishment flow path 8 for replenishing the electrolytic electrolyte 2A with the acidic electrolyte is provided.
- the acidic electrolyte a nitric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution, or the like can be used.
- a group of upstream guide rollers 10A for guiding the aluminum web W to the inside of the electrolytic cell 2A, and the aluminum web W electrolytically treated in the electrolytic cell 2A are disposed in the electrolytic cell 2A.
- a downstream guide roller 10B for guiding outside is disposed.
- An overflow tank 2C is provided upstream of the electrolytic cell 2A in the electrolytic cell main body 2.
- the overflow tank 2C has a function of temporarily storing the acidic electrolyte overflowed from the electrolytic tank 2A and maintaining the liquid level of the electrolytic tank 2A constant.
- An auxiliary electrolytic cell 12 is provided between the electrolytic cell 2A and the overflow layer 2C.
- the auxiliary electrolytic cell 12 is shallower than the electrolytic cell 2A, and the bottom surface 12A is formed in a planar shape.
- a plurality of columnar auxiliary electrodes 14 are provided on the bottom surface 12A.
- the auxiliary electrode 14 is preferably made of a highly corrosion-resistant metal such as platinum or ferrite, and may be plate-shaped.
- the auxiliary electrode 14 is connected in parallel to the upstream electrode 6A on the side to which the upstream electrode 6A in the AC power source AC is connected. In the middle, the thyristor Th1 is connected to the upstream electrode 6A in the AC power source AC at the time of ignition. So that current flows in a direction from the side connected to the auxiliary electrode 14 toward the auxiliary electrode 14.
- the side of the AC power supply AC to which the downstream electrode 6B is connected is also connected to the auxiliary electrode 14 via the thyristor Th2.
- the thyristor Th2 is connected so that current flows in a direction from the side connected to the downstream electrode 6B of the AC power supply AC to the auxiliary electrode 14 at the time of ignition.
- the anode current flows through the auxiliary electrode 14 when any of the thyristors Th1 and Th2 is ignited. Therefore, by controlling the phases of the thyristors Th1 and Th2, the current value of the anode current flowing through the auxiliary electrode 14 can be controlled. Therefore, the amount of electricity Gc flowing when the aluminum web W is the cathode and the amount of electricity Qa flowing when the aluminum web W is the anode The ratio Qc / Qa can also be controlled.
- the asymptotic parts 66A and 66B are formed flat in the electrolytic surface roughening treatment apparatus 100 of the first embodiment, but are convex or concave with respect to the surface of the feed roller 4, in other words, the conveying surface T of the aluminum web W. It may be formed in a curved shape.
- the aluminum web W guided to the electrolytic cell main body 2 from the right side is first introduced into the auxiliary electrolytic cell 12 and then guided to the electrolytic cell 2A by the upstream guide roller 10A. Then, the paper is fed from the right side to the left side in FIG. 1 by the feed roller 4 and guided outside the electrolytic cell 2A by the downstream guide roller 10B.
- the aluminum web W introduced into the electrolytic cell 2A first passes through the soft start part 60A.
- the distance between the aluminum web W and the upstream electrode 6A is wider at the soft start portion 60A than at the downstream side, so the current density is larger than the maximum current density MCD in the electrolytic cell 2A. Is much smaller.
- the current density flowing through the aluminum web W increases and becomes equal to the maximum current density MCD at the end point of the soft start portion 60A.
- the aluminum web W After passing through the soft start portion 60A, the aluminum web W is conveyed along the upstream electrode 6A, and the surface on the side facing the upstream electrode 6A is anode or Cathode reaction.
- the aluminum web W that has passed in the vicinity of the upstream electrode 6A then passes through the soft start portion 60B.
- the current density flowing through the aluminum web W increases as the aluminum web W moves downstream, and the maximum current is reached at the end point of the soft start portion 60B. It becomes equal to the density MCD.
- the aluminum web W After passing through the soft start portion 60B, the aluminum web W is similarly transported along the downstream electrode 6B, and the surface on the side facing the upstream electrode 6A by the alternating waveform current applied from the power source AC to the downstream electrode 6B. Reacts with the anode or cathode to form honeycomb bits on the entire surface.
- the absolute value of the phase difference ⁇ 1- ⁇ 2 between the phase ⁇ 1 of the alternating current at the end of the upstream electrode 6A and the phase ⁇ 2 of the alternating current at the tip of the downstream electrode 6B is Since the distance d2, the power supply frequency f, or the conveyance speed V is set so as to increase, specifically 0.2 or more, preferably 0.7 or more, the end of the upstream electrode 6A and the downstream electrode Overlap of AC voltage waveforms does not occur at the tip of 6B.
- the absolute value of the phase difference ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 is small, specifically, for example, 0.15 or less, the AC voltage waveform overlaps between the end of the upstream electrode 6A and the tip of the downstream electrode 6B. Therefore, when a chatter mark is generated at a specific location of the aluminum web W at the end of the upstream electrode 6A, a similar electrochemical reaction occurs at the same location of the aluminum web W at the tip of the downstream electrode 6B. To be emphasized.
- the soft start portions 60A and 60B are provided at the tips of the upstream electrode 6A and the downstream electrode 6B, a current having a low current density is initially applied to the aluminum web W introduced into the electrolytic cell 2A. . Accordingly, the generation of chatter marks can be more effectively suppressed even under conditions where chatter marks such as high current density and high-speed conveyance are likely to occur.
- a known aluminum plate can be used in the method for producing a lithographic printing plate support of the present invention.
- the aluminum plate used in the present invention is a metal whose main component is dimensionally stable aluminum, and is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- an alloy plate containing aluminum as a main component and containing a trace amount of foreign elements can also be used.
- various substrates made of the above-described aluminum or aluminum alloy are collectively referred to as an aluminum plate.
- the foreign elements that may be contained in the aluminum alloy include silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, zinc, bismuth, nickel, titanium, etc., and the content of the foreign elements in the alloy is 10% by mass or less. It is.
- the composition of the aluminum plate used in the present invention is not specified.
- a conventionally known material described in the fourth edition of the Aluminum Handbook (1990, published by the Light Metal Association) for example, JIS Al-Mn based aluminum plates such as A1050, JIS A1100, JIS A070, JIS A3004 containing Mn, and internationally registered alloy 3103A can be appropriately used.
- JIS Al-Mn based aluminum plates such as A1050, JIS A1100, JIS A070, JIS A3004 containing Mn, and internationally registered alloy 3103A
- an Al—Mg alloy or an Al—Mn—Mg alloy (JIS A3005) in which 0.1% by mass or more of magnesium is added to these aluminum alloys can also be used.
- an Al—Zr alloy or an Al—Si alloy containing Zr or Si can also be used.
- an Al—Mg—Si based alloy can also be used.
- dissolved the used aluminum beverage can also be used.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.00% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.02% by mass or more, and 0.15% by mass. % Or less, preferably 0.11% by mass or less, more preferably 0.03% by mass or less.
- Si 0.07 to 0.09 mass%, Fe: 0.20 to 0.29 mass%, Cu: 0.03 mass% or less, Mn: 0.01 mass% or less, Mg: 0 0.01% by mass or less, Cr: 0.01% by mass or less, Zn: 0.01% by mass or less, Ti: 0.02% by mass or less, and Al: 99.5% by mass or more.
- JIS 1050 material the techniques proposed by the applicant of the present application are disclosed in JP-A-59-153861, JP-A-61-51395, JP-A-62-146694, JP-A-60215725, JP-A-60-. No.
- JIS 1070 material the techniques proposed by the applicant of the present application are disclosed in JP-A-7-81264, JP-A-7-305133, JP-A-8-49034, JP-A-8-73974, JP-A-8-108659 and It is described in JP-A-8-92679.
- the Al—Mg—Si alloy is described in British Patent No. 1,421,710.
- a molten aluminum alloy adjusted to a predetermined alloy component content is subjected to a cleaning process and cast according to a conventional method.
- a cleaning process in order to remove unnecessary gas such as hydrogen in the molten metal, flux treatment, degassing process using argon gas, chlorine gas, etc., so-called rigid media filter such as ceramic tube filter, ceramic foam filter, A filtering process using a filter that uses alumina flakes, alumina balls or the like as a filter medium, a glass cloth filter, or a combination of a degassing process and a filtering process is performed.
- These cleaning treatments are preferably carried out in order to prevent defects caused by foreign substances such as non-metallic inclusions and oxides in the molten metal and defects caused by gas dissolved in the molten metal.
- filtering of the molten metal JP-A-6-57432, JP-A-3-162530, JP-A-5-140659, JP-A-4-231425, JP-A-4-276031, JP-A-5-311261, and JP-A-5-311261 are disclosed. It is described in each publication of JP-A-6-136466. Further, the degassing of the molten metal is described in JP-A-5-1659, JP-A-5-49148, and the like. The applicant of the present application has also proposed a technique relating to degassing of molten metal in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-40017.
- the casting method there are a method using a solid mold typified by a DC casting method and a method using a driving mold typified by a continuous casting method.
- a method using a solid mold typified by a DC casting method
- a method using a driving mold typified by a continuous casting method.
- solidification occurs at a cooling rate of 0.5 to 30 ° C./second.
- the temperature is less than 1 ° C., many coarse intermetallic compounds may be formed.
- an ingot having a thickness of 300 to 800 mm can be produced.
- the ingot is chamfered as necessary according to a conventional method, and usually 1 to 30 mm, preferably 1 to 10 mm, of the surface layer is cut. Before and after that, soaking treatment is performed as necessary.
- heat treatment is performed at 450 to 620 ° C. for 1 to 48 hours so that the intermetallic compound does not become coarse. If the heat treatment is shorter than 1 hour, the effect of soaking may be insufficient. In addition, when soaking is not performed, there is an advantage that the cost can be reduced.
- hot rolling and cold rolling are performed to obtain a rolled aluminum plate.
- a suitable starting temperature for hot rolling is 350 to 500 ° C.
- An intermediate annealing treatment may be performed before or after hot rolling or in the middle thereof.
- the conditions for the intermediate annealing treatment are heating at 280 to 600 ° C. for 2 to 20 hours, preferably 350 to 500 ° C. for 2 to 10 hours using a batch annealing furnace, or 400 to 600 ° C. using a continuous annealing furnace. Heating is performed for 6 minutes or less, preferably 450 to 550 ° C. for 2 minutes or less.
- the crystal structure can be made finer by heating at a heating rate of 10 to 200 ° C./second using a continuous annealing furnace.
- the flatness of the aluminum plate finished to a predetermined thickness, for example, 0.1 to 0.5 mm by the above steps may be further improved by a correction device such as a roller leveler or a tension leveler.
- the flatness may be improved after the aluminum plate is cut into a sheet shape, but in order to improve productivity, it is preferably performed in a continuous coil state. Further, a slitter line may be used for processing into a predetermined plate width.
- the continuous casting method a twin roll method (hunter method), a method using a cooling roll typified by the 3C method, a double belt method (Hazley method), a cooling belt or a cooling block typified by Al-Swiss Caster II type
- the method using is industrially performed.
- the continuous casting method solidifies at a cooling rate of 100 to 1000 ° C./second. Since the continuous casting method generally has a higher cooling rate than the DC casting method, it has a feature that the solid solubility of the alloy component in the aluminum matrix can be increased.
- JP-A-3-79798 JP-A-5-201166, JP-A-5-156414, JP-A-6-262203, and JP-A-6-122949.
- JP-A-6-210406 JP-A-6-26308, and the like.
- a cast plate having a thickness of 1 to 10 mm can be directly continuously cast, and the hot rolling step is omitted.
- a method using a cooling roll such as the Hunter method
- a cast plate having a thickness of 10 to 50 mm can be cast.
- a hot rolling roll is arranged immediately after casting and continuously rolled.
- a continuous cast and rolled plate having a thickness of 1 to 10 mm can be obtained.
- the aluminum plate used in the present invention is preferably subjected to H18 tempering as defined in JIS.
- the strength of the aluminum plate is preferably such that the 0.2% proof stress is 120 MPa or more in order to obtain the stiffness required for a lithographic printing plate support. Further, in order to obtain a certain level of waist strength even when the burning treatment is performed, the 0.2% proof stress after heat treatment at 270 ° C. for 3 to 10 minutes is preferably 80 MPa or more, and 100 MPa or more. It is more preferable that In particular, when the waist strength is required for an aluminum plate, an aluminum material added with Mg or Mn can be used, but if the waist is strengthened, the ease of fitting to the plate cylinder of a printing press becomes inferior. Depending on the application, the material and the amount of trace components added are appropriately selected.
- the aluminum plate preferably has a tensile strength of 160 ⁇ 15 N / mm 2, a 0.2% proof stress of 140 ⁇ 15 MPa, and an elongation defined by JIS Z2241 and Z2201 of 1 to 10%.
- the crystal structure of the aluminum plate may cause poor surface quality when the surface of the aluminum plate is subjected to chemical or electrochemical surface roughening. It is preferably not too coarse.
- the crystal structure on the surface of the aluminum plate preferably has a width of 200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and the length of the crystal structure is 5000 ⁇ m or less. Is preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the alloy component distribution of the aluminum plate when chemical surface roughening treatment or electrochemical surface roughening treatment is performed, poor surface quality occurs due to non-uniform distribution of the alloy component on the surface of the aluminum plate. Therefore, it is preferable that the surface is not very uneven.
- the size and density of the intermetallic compound may affect the chemical roughening treatment or the electrochemical roughening treatment.
- techniques proposed by the applicant of the present application are described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 7-138687 and 4-254545.
- an aluminum plate as shown above can be used by forming irregularities by press rolling, transfer or the like in the final rolling step or the like.
- the uneven surface is transferred to the surface of the aluminum plate by pressing the uneven surface to the aluminum plate.
- a method of forming an uneven pattern is preferred. Specifically, the method described in JP-A-6262203 can be suitably used.
- the amount of dampening water on the printing press can be easily adjusted while reducing energy consumed in the subsequent alkali etching treatment and surface roughening treatment.
- the etching amount can be reduced to about 3 g / m 2 or less.
- the surface area of the obtained lithographic printing plate support is increased, so that the printing durability is more excellent.
- the transfer is particularly preferably performed in the final cold rolling step of a normal aluminum plate.
- Rolling for transfer is preferably performed in 1 to 3 passes, and the rolling reduction of each is preferably 3 to 8%.
- transfer is provided on both surfaces of an aluminum plate.
- Examples of a method for obtaining a rolling roll having irregularities on the surface used for irregularity transfer include a blast method, an electrolytic method, a laser method, an electric discharge machining method, and a combination of these. Among these, a method combining the blast method and the electrolytic method is preferable. Among the blast methods, the air blast method is preferable.
- the air pressure in the air blast method is preferably 1 to 10 kgf / cm 2 (9.81 ⁇ 104 to 9.81 ⁇ 10 5 Pa), and preferably 2 to 5 kgf / cm 2 (1.96 ⁇ 105 to 4.90 ⁇ ). 10 @ 5 Pa) is more preferable.
- the grid used in the air blast method is not particularly limited as long as it is alumina particles having a predetermined particle size.
- alumina particles having hard and sharp corners are used for the grid, it is easy to form deep and uniform irregularities on the surface of the transfer roll.
- the average particle diameter of the alumina particles is 50 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably 60 to 130 ⁇ m, and more preferably 70 to 90 ⁇ m. If it is within the above range, a surface roughness having a sufficient size as a transfer roll can be obtained, so that the surface roughness of an aluminum plate provided with irregularities using this transfer roll is sufficiently increased. Also, the number of pits can be increased sufficiently.
- the injection is preferably performed 2 to 5 times, and more preferably 2 times.
- the uneven portions of unevenness formed by the first injection can be scraped off by the second injection, so that the surface of the aluminum plate provided with the unevenness using the obtained rolling roll, Locally deep recesses are less likely to be formed.
- the spray angle in the air blast method is preferably 60 to 120 °, more preferably 80 to 100 ° with respect to the spray surface (roll surface).
- Polishing is preferably performed until the average surface roughness (R) is reduced by 10 to 40% from the value after air blasting after performing the air blasting method and before performing the plating treatment described later. It is preferable to use sandpaper, a grindstone, or a buff for the polishing (a) rod.
- polishing the height of the projections on the surface of the transfer roll can be made uniform, and as a result, locally deep portions are not formed on the surface of the aluminum plate provided with irregularities using this transfer roll. As a result, the developability (sensitivity) of the planographic printing plate is particularly excellent.
- the average surface roughness (Ra) of the surface of the transfer roll is preferably 0.4 to 1.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.6 to 0.9 ⁇ m.
- the number of ridges on the surface of the transfer roll is preferably 1000 to 40000 / mm 2, more preferably 2000 to 10000 / mm 2. If the number of peaks is too small, the water retention of the lithographic printing plate support and the adhesion to the image recording layer will be poor. If the water retention is inferior, the halftone dot portion tends to become dirty when a planographic printing plate is used.
- the material of the transfer roll is not particularly limited, and for example, a known material for a rolling roll can be used. In the present invention, it is preferable to use a steel roll. Among these, a roll made by forging is preferable.
- preferred roll material compositions are: C: 0.07 to 6 mass%, Si: 0.2 to 1 mass%, Mn: 0.15 to 1 mass%, P: 0.03 mass% or less, S: 0.03% by mass or less, Cr: 2.5 to 12% by mass, Mo: 0.05 to 1.1% by mass, Cu: 0.5% by mass or less, V: 0.5% by mass or less, balance: iron And inevitable impurities.
- tool steel high-speed steel (SKH), high carbon chromium bearing steel (SUJ), and forged steel containing carbon, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium as alloy elements, which are generally used as rolling rolls, can be mentioned. It is done.
- high chromium alloy cast iron containing about 10 to 20% by mass of chromium can also be used.
- the hardness after quenching and tempering is preferably 80 to 100 in terms of Hs.
- the tempering is preferably performed at a low temperature.
- the diameter of the roll is preferably 200 to 1000 mm.
- the roll surface length is preferably 1000 to 4000 mm.
- the transfer roll formed with irregularities by an air blast method or the like is subjected to hardening treatment such as quenching and hard chrome plating after washing. This improves wear resistance and prolongs life.
- hardening treatment hard chrome plating is particularly preferable.
- Hard chromium plating can be performed by electroplating using a conventionally known CrO3-SO4 bath, CrO3-SO4-fluoride bath, etc. as an industrial chromium plating method.
- the thickness of the hard chrome plating film is preferably 3 to 15 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the hard chrome plating film can be adjusted by adjusting the plating treatment time. Prior to the hard chrome plating, it is preferable to perform electrolytic treatment with a quantity of electricity of 5,000 to 50,000 C / dm 2 using a direct current in a plating solution used for the hard chrome plating. . Thereby, the unevenness
- the aluminum plate used in the present invention is a continuous belt-like sheet material or plate material. That is, it may be an aluminum web, or a sheet-like sheet cut to a size corresponding to a planographic printing plate precursor shipped as a product. Since scratches on the surface of the aluminum plate may become defects when processed into a lithographic printing plate support, it is possible to generate scratches at the stage prior to the surface treatment process for making a lithographic printing plate support It is necessary to suppress as much as possible. For that purpose, it is preferable that the package has a stable form and is hardly damaged during transportation.
- the packing form of aluminum is, for example, laying hardboard and felt on an iron pallet, applying cardboard donut plates to both ends of the product, wrapping the whole with a polytube, and inserting a wooden donut into the inner diameter of the coil Then, a felt is applied to the outer periphery of the coil, the band is squeezed with a band, and the display is performed on the outer periphery.
- a polyethylene film can be used as the packaging material
- needle felt and hard board can be used as the cushioning material.
- the thickness of the aluminum plate used in the present invention is about 0.1 to 0.6 mm, preferably 0.15 to 0.4 mm, and more preferably 0.2 to 0.3 mm. This thickness can be appropriately changed according to the size of the printing press, the size of the printing plate, the user's desires, and the like.
- ⁇ Surface treatment> In the method for producing a lithographic printing plate support of the present invention, the aluminum plate described above is subjected to an electrochemical surface roughening treatment using alternating current in an electrolytic solution to obtain a lithographic printing plate support. In the method for producing a lithographic printing plate support of the present invention, various steps other than those described above may be included.
- an etching process in an alkaline aqueous solution (first etching process), a desmut process in an acidic aqueous solution, an electrochemical roughening process, an etching process in an alkaline aqueous solution (second etching process).
- a preferred example is a method in which a desmut treatment in an acidic aqueous solution and an anodizing treatment are performed in this order. Further, before the anodizing treatment in the above treatment, an electrochemical surface roughening treatment, an etching treatment in an alkaline aqueous solution, and a desmut treatment in an acidic aqueous solution may be performed. Further, after the anodizing treatment, a sealing treatment, a hydrophilization treatment, or a sealing treatment and a subsequent hydrophilization treatment are also preferable.
- a mechanical surface roughening process can be performed before the first etching process. Thereby, the amount of electricity used for the electrochemical surface roughening treatment can be reduced.
- the mechanical surface roughening treatment include, for example, a wire brush grain method in which the aluminum surface is scratched with a metal wire, a ball grain method in which the aluminum surface is grained with a polishing ball and an abrasive, JP-A-6-135175, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 50.
- the brush grain method of graining the surface with a nylon brush and an abrasive described in Japanese Patent No. 40047 can be used.
- the transfer method transfer roll method which press-contacts an uneven surface to an aluminum plate can also be used.
- transfer is performed several times.
- the method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55871 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-24168 characterized in that the surface is elastic is also applicable.
- the transfer roll method is preferable because it can easily cope with the speedup of the manufacturing process of the support for a lithographic printing plate.
- the transfer roll method preferably performs the transfer in the cold rolling for adjusting to the final plate thickness or the finish cold rolling for finishing the surface shape after the final plate thickness adjustment.
- the alkali etching treatment is a treatment for dissolving the surface layer by bringing the above-described aluminum plate into contact with an alkali solution.
- the first etching treatment is performed for the purpose of forming uniform concave portions by electrochemical surface roughening treatment and removing rolling oil, dirt, natural oxide film, etc. on the surface of the aluminum plate (rolled aluminum). Is called.
- the etching amount of the surface to be subjected to electrochemical roughening treatment later is preferably 0.5 g / m 2 or more, more preferably 1 g / m 2 or more, It is preferably 10 g / m 2 or less, and more preferably 5 g / m 2 or less.
- the etching amount is 0.5 g / m 2 or more, uniform pits can be generated in the electrochemical surface roughening treatment.
- the etching amount is 10 g / m 2 or less, the amount of the alkaline aqueous solution used is reduced, which is economically advantageous.
- the etching amount of the back surface of the surface subjected to the electrochemical roughening treatment is preferably 5% or more of the etching amount of the surface subjected to the electrochemical roughening treatment, and preferably 10% or more. Is more preferably 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 30% by mass or less. It is excellent in the balance with the removal effect of the rolling oil of the back surface of an aluminum plate, and economical efficiency as it is the said range. The same applies to a second etching process and a third etching process described later.
- Examples of the alkali used in the alkaline solution include caustic alkali and alkali metal salts.
- caustic alkali include caustic soda and caustic potash.
- alkali metal salt include alkali metal silicates such as sodium metasilicate, sodium silicate, potassium metasilicate, and potassium silicate; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; sodium aluminate and alumina.
- Alkali metal aluminates such as potassium acid; alkali metal aldones such as sodium gluconate and potassium gluconate; dibasic sodium phosphate, dibasic potassium phosphate, primary sodium phosphate, primary potassium phosphate, etc.
- An alkali metal hydrogen phosphate is mentioned.
- a caustic alkali solution and a solution containing both a caustic alkali and an alkali metal aluminate are preferable from the viewpoint of high etching rate and low cost.
- an aqueous solution of caustic soda is preferable.
- the concentration of the alkaline solution is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, and preferably 35% by mass or less, and 30% by mass or less. It is more preferable that The alkaline solution preferably contains aluminum ions.
- the aluminum ion concentration is preferably 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 4% by mass or more, and preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less.
- Such an alkaline solution can be prepared using, for example, water, a 48 mass% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and sodium aluminate.
- the temperature of the alkaline solution is preferably 25 ° C. or higher, more preferably 40 ° C. or higher, preferably 95 ° C. or lower, and 80 ° C. or lower. More preferred.
- the treatment time is preferably 1 second or longer, more preferably 2 seconds or longer, more preferably 30 seconds or shorter, and more preferably 15 seconds or shorter. .
- the composition management of the etching solution is preferably performed as follows. That is, a matrix of conductivity, specific gravity, and temperature, or a matrix of conductivity, ultrasonic propagation velocity, and temperature corresponding to the matrix of caustic soda concentration and aluminum ion concentration is prepared in advance, and the conductivity and specific gravity are prepared.
- the liquid composition is measured according to the temperature and temperature, or the electrical conductivity, the ultrasonic wave propagation speed, and the temperature, and caustic soda and water are added so that the control target value of the liquid composition is reached.
- the amount of the etching liquid increased by adding caustic soda and water is overflowed from the circulation tank, thereby keeping the liquid amount constant.
- caustic soda to be added 40 to 60% by mass for industrial use can be used.
- conductivity meter and the specific gravity meter it is preferable to use those that are temperature-compensated.
- hydrometer it is preferable to use a differential pressure type.
- Examples of the method of bringing the aluminum plate into contact with the alkaline solution include, for example, a method in which the aluminum plate is passed through a tank containing the alkaline solution, a method in which the aluminum plate is immersed in a tank containing the alkaline solution, The method of spraying on the surface of a board is mentioned.
- a method of spraying an alkaline solution onto the surface of an aluminum plate is preferable.
- a method of spraying an etching solution in an amount of 10 to 100 L / min per spray tube from a spray tube having holes of ⁇ 2 to 5 mm at a pitch of 10 to 50 mm is preferable. It is preferable to provide a plurality of spray tubes.
- the alkali etching treatment After the alkali etching treatment is completed, it is preferable to drain the liquid with a nip roller, and further perform the water washing treatment for 1 to 10 seconds and then drain the liquid with a nip roller.
- the water washing treatment is preferably carried out using an apparatus for washing with a free-falling curtain-like liquid film, and further using a spray tube.
- a spray tube having a plurality of spray tips spreading in the fan shape in the width direction of the aluminum plate can be used as the spray tube used for the water washing treatment.
- the interval between spray tips is preferably 20 to 100 mm, and the amount of liquid per spray tip is preferably 0.5 to 20 L / min. It is preferable to use a plurality of spray tubes.
- First desmut treatment After the first etching process, it is preferable to perform pickling (first desmut process) in order to remove dirt (smut) remaining on the surface.
- the desmut treatment is performed by bringing an aluminum plate into contact with an acidic solution.
- Examples of the acid used include nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, chromic acid, hydrofluoric acid, and borohydrofluoric acid. Of these, nitric acid and sulfuric acid are preferable. Specifically, for example, a waste solution of an aqueous sulfuric acid solution used in an anodic oxidation process described later can be suitably used.
- composition management of the desmut treatment liquid a method of managing by conductivity and temperature, a method of managing by conductivity, specific gravity and temperature, and a conductivity and superconductivity corresponding to a matrix of acidic solution concentration and aluminum ion concentration. Either of the methods managed by the propagation speed of sound waves and temperature can be selected and used.
- an acidic solution containing 0.5 to 30% by mass of acid and 0.5 to 10% by mass of aluminum ions it is preferable to use an acidic solution containing 0.5 to 30% by mass of acid and 0.5 to 10% by mass of aluminum ions.
- the temperature of the acidic solution is preferably 25 ° C. or higher, and preferably 95 ° C. or lower.
- the treatment time is preferably 1 second or more, more preferably 2 seconds or more, and preferably 30 seconds or less, more preferably 10 seconds or less. .
- Examples of the method of bringing the aluminum plate into contact with the acidic solution include a method in which the aluminum plate is passed through a tank containing the acidic solution, a method in which the aluminum plate is immersed in a tank containing the acidic solution, and an acidic solution.
- the method of spraying on the surface of an aluminum plate is mentioned.
- a method in which an acidic solution is sprayed on the surface of an aluminum plate is preferable.
- the desmutting process After the desmutting process is completed, it is preferable to drain the liquid with a nip roller, and further perform the water washing process for 1 to 10 seconds and then drain the liquid with a nip roller.
- the water washing treatment is the same as the water washing treatment after the alkali etching treatment.
- the amount of liquid per spray tip is preferably 1 to 20 L / min.
- the electrochemical surface roughening treatment it is desirable to perform an electrochemical surface roughening treatment using alternating current in a mixed aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid or nitric acid.
- the surface shape has a plateau portion (flat portion), a uniform concave portion having an average diameter of preferably 2 to 20 ⁇ m, and preferably an average surface roughness of 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ m. Is obtained.
- the plateau portion is small on the surface after the electrochemical surface roughening treatment, the printing durability when the planographic printing plate is obtained is excellent, and the pits are uniform. Therefore, the stain resistance when the planographic printing plate is obtained is excellent.
- the concentration of hydrochloric acid or nitric acid used as the electrolytic solution is preferably 3 to 30 g / L, more preferably 4 to 20 g / L, and even more preferably 10 to 18 g / L. Within the above range, the uniformity of the pits becomes high.
- the mixed aqueous solution can be used by adding a hydrochloric acid compound or a nitric acid compound having a nitrate ion such as aluminum nitrate, sodium nitrate or ammonium nitrate, or a hydrochloric acid ion such as aluminum chloride, sodium chloride or ammonium chloride.
- a compound that forms a complex with copper can be added at a rate of 1 to 200 g / L.
- sulfuric acid may be added.
- a metal contained in an aluminum alloy such as iron, copper, manganese, nickel, titanium, magnesium, or silicon may be dissolved. Hypochlorous acid or hydrogen peroxide may be added at 1 to 100 g / L.
- the aluminum ion concentration in the mixed aqueous solution is preferably 3 to 30 g / L, more preferably 3 to 20 g / L, and still more preferably 8 to 18 g / L. Within the above range, the uniformity of the pits becomes high. Moreover, the replenishment amount of the mixed aqueous solution does not increase too much.
- the concentration control of each component of the electrolytic solution is preferably performed using a combination of a multi-component concentration measurement method such as a concentration measurement method, feedforward control and feedback control.
- a multi-component concentration measurement method such as a concentration measurement method, feedforward control and feedback control.
- the multi-component concentration measurement method is, for example, a method of measuring the concentration using the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the liquid and the electric conductivity (conductivity) of the liquid, neutralization titration method, capillary electrophoresis analysis method, isotacophoresis (Isochophoresis, capillary tube isotachophoresis) Analytical method and ion chromatograph method are mentioned.
- the ion chromatograph method is classified into an absorbance detection ion chromatograph, a non-suppressor type electric conductivity detection ion chromatograph, a suppressor type ion chromatograph, and the like depending on the type of detector.
- a suppressor type ion chromatograph is preferable from the viewpoint of ensuring measurement stability.
- the concentration of each component of the electrolytic solution it is preferable to control the concentration of each component of the electrolytic solution by the method described below.
- the hydrogen ion concentration decreases in proportion to the amount of energization, and the aluminum ion concentration increases. Therefore, by performing feedforward control based on the energization amount, the hydrogen ion concentration and the aluminum ion concentration can be kept constant. That is, in order to increase the hydrogen ion concentration, the amount of energization, that is, an amount of acid proportional to the current value generated by the AC power supply is replenished to the electrolyte, and in order to decrease the aluminum ion concentration, the amount of energization is proportional to the amount of energization.
- the amount of water is replenished to the electrolyte and the concentration of the acid is reduced by adding water, the amount of acid proportional to the amount of added water is replenished to the electrolyte, so that the hydrogen ion concentration and aluminum
- the ion concentration can be kept constant.
- the water supplied to the electrolyte is also referred to as makeup water.
- a concentration measurement system for measuring the concentration of the electrolytic solution is provided, and the concentration of each component of the electrolytic solution is controlled by using feedback control for controlling the supply of acid and makeup water based on the measured concentration of the electrolytic solution. It is preferable. By using feedback control together, the concentration of the electrolytic solution can be controlled with good control even when the electrolytic solution is taken out or brought in by an aluminum plate, or the electrolytic solution is evaporated.
- the concentration measurement method includes the multi-component concentration measurement method described above, and the correspondence between the electric conductivity of the electrolytic solution corresponding to the liquid composition of each component and the ultrasonic wave propagation velocity is taken, and the electric conductivity and the ultrasonic wave propagation velocity are determined. A method of measuring the concentration based on the value of is particularly preferable.
- Supplied water and acid are preferably supplied to the circulation tank.
- the circulation tank stores an electrolytic solution, supplies the stored electrolytic solution to the electrolytic bath, and stores the electrolytic solution discharged from the electrolytic bath.
- the electrolyte exceeding the capacity of the circulation tank is discharged due to overflow.
- the discharged electrolytic solution is detoxified and then discharged into a river or the like as a waste solution.
- an aluminum plate is amount of electricity when the anode sum is preferably from 150 ⁇ 800C / dm 2, more preferably from 200 ⁇ 700C / dm 2, 200 More preferably, it is ⁇ 500 C / dm 2 .
- the surface roughness is sufficient, and the printing durability and the ease of adjusting the amount of water during printing become more excellent.
- 800 C / dm 2 or less the stain resistance is more excellent.
- an aluminum plate having a concavo-convex pattern formed by transfer it is particularly preferably 200 to 400 C / dm 2 .
- the current density in the electrochemical surface roughening treatment is preferably 10 to 300 A / dm 2 at the peak of the current value, more preferably 20 to 200 A / dm 2 , and 30 to 100 A / dm 2 . More preferably. Productivity will become more excellent in it being 10 A / dm ⁇ 2 > or more. If it is 300 A / dm 2 or less, the voltage is not high and the power capacity does not become too large, so that the power cost can be reduced.
- the current density is preferably set so as to increase gradually from the beginning to the end of the electrolytic treatment. This makes it easy to generate uniform pits. Specifically, the power supply and electrodes are divided and set so that the value of (final current density of electrolysis / initial current density of electrolysis) gradually increases to 1.1 to 2.0. It is preferable to do this.
- the electrochemical surface roughening treatment can follow, for example, the electrochemical grain method (electrolytic grain method) described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-28123 and British Patent No. 896,563.
- the compound capable of forming a complex with Cu include ammonia; hydrogen atom of ammonia such as methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, trimethylamine, cyclohexylamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), etc. And amines obtained by substituting with a hydrocarbon group (aliphatic, aromatic, etc.); metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and the like.
- ammonium salts such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium carbonate are also included.
- the temperature of the mixed aqueous solution is preferably 20 ° C. or higher, more preferably 25 ° C. or higher, further preferably 30 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 ° C. or lower, and 50 ° C. or lower. More preferably, it is 40 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature is 20 ° C. or higher, the refrigerator operating cost for cooling does not increase, and the amount of groundwater used for cooling can be suppressed. It is easy to ensure the corrosion resistance of equipment as it is 60 ° C. or lower.
- the AC power supply wave used for the electrochemical surface roughening treatment is not particularly limited, and a sine wave, a rectangular wave, a trapezoidal wave, a triangular wave or the like is used, but a trapezoidal wave or a sine wave is preferable, and a sine wave is more preferable.
- the duty of alternating current (the time during which the aluminum plate in one cycle is an anode / the time of one cycle) is preferably 0.33 to 0.66, more preferably 0.45 to 0.55. preferable.
- the AC frequency is preferably 10 to 200 Hz, more preferably 20 to 150 Hz, and still more preferably 30 to 120 Hz. When the frequency is 10 Hz or more, it is difficult to form large pits in a facet shape (angular square shape), and the stain resistance is further improved. If it is 200 Hz or less, it is difficult to be influenced by the inductance component of the circuit through which the electrolytic current flows, and it becomes easy to manufacture a large-capacity power supply.
- an inverter control power supply for example, a commercial AC power supply, an inverter control power supply, or the like can be used.
- an inverter control power source using IGBT (Insulated Gate Tr Bipolar Transistor) element varies the voltage with respect to the width and thickness of the aluminum plate, the concentration of each component in the electrolytic solution, etc. When the current density of the plate) is controlled to be constant, this is preferable in terms of excellent followability.
- One or more AC power supplies can be connected to the electrolytic cell.
- an electrolytic cell used for a known surface treatment such as a vertical type can be used as the electrolytic cell, but the radial type as described in JP-A-5-195300 can be used.
- the electrolytic cell is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing the back of the pit generated by the electrochemical surface roughening treatment.
- an insulating plate is provided on the non-treated surface of the aluminum plate to prevent current from flowing through the non-treated surface for the purpose of preventing the back of the pit generated by the electrochemical surface roughening treatment. It is preferable to take a method of preventing the above.
- the electrolyte passing through the electrolytic cell may be parallel or counter to the traveling direction of the aluminum web, but a counter is more desirable.
- the moving speed of the aluminum plate in order to improve the production amount.
- As a method for increasing the treatment length there is a method using a large electrolytic cell.
- the present invention makes it possible to make the average roughness Ra of the aluminum plate surface a sufficient value even when electrochemical surface roughening treatment is performed using a plurality of electrolytic cells. Can be improved.
- the number of electrolytic cells is preferably 3 to 10. If the number is 3 to 7, the average roughness Ra can be made a sufficient value, and the productivity can be improved.
- the electrochemical surface roughening treatment is completed, it is preferable to drain the liquid with a nip roller, further perform the water washing treatment for 1 to 10 seconds, and then drain the liquid with a nip roller.
- the washing treatment is preferably carried out using a spray tube.
- a spray tube having a plurality of spray tips in the width direction of the aluminum plate in which fan water spreads in a fan shape can be used.
- the interval between spray tips is preferably 20 to 100 mm, and the amount of liquid per spray tip is preferably 1 to 20 L / min. It is preferable to use a plurality of spray tubes.
- Measurement of the average opening diameter of the recesses generated by the electrochemical roughening treatment is performed, for example, by photographing the surface of the support from directly above at a magnification of 2000 times or 50000 times using an electron microscope, and the obtained electron micrograph In FIG. 5, at least 50 pits generated in each way and having a ring-like periphery are extracted, the diameters are read to obtain the opening diameter, and the average opening diameter is calculated.
- equivalent circle diameter measurement using commercially available image analysis software.
- the electron micrograph is captured by a scanner, digitized, and binarized by software, and then an equivalent circle diameter is obtained.
- the second etching process is performed for the purpose of dissolving the smut generated by the electrochemical roughening process and dissolving the edge portion of the pit formed by the electrochemical roughening process.
- the second etching process is basically the same as the first etching process, but the etching amount is preferably 0.01 g / m 2 or more, more preferably 0.05 g / m 2 or more. 1 g / m 2 or more is more preferable, 10 g / m 2 or less is preferable, 5 g / m 2 or less is more preferable, and 3 g / m 2 or less is still more preferable.
- the electrolytic surface roughening treatment apparatus 102 is for roughening the electrolytic surface of the aluminum web W conveyed in the direction of the arrow a.
- an acidic electrolyte is stored therein.
- a shallow box-type electrolytic cell 16, guide rollers 28 and 30 for guiding the aluminum web W along the bottom surface of the electrolytic cell 16, and the conveyance of the aluminum web W inside the electrolytic cell 16 above the conveyance path.
- the web outlet roller 32 is made of metal and is installed.
- the electrodes 18 and 20 are connected to the power source AC1
- the electrodes 22 and 24 are connected to the power source AC2, but the electrodes 18, 20, 22, and 24 may all be connected to the same power source. .
- the length of the electrodes 18, 20, 22, 24 is d1, the distance between the electrodes 18, 20 is d21 (mm), the distance between the electrodes 20, 22 is d22 (mm), and the distance between the electrodes 22, 24 is d23 (mm).
- the conveyance speed of the aluminum web W was v (m / min), the frequency of the alternating current in the power supply AC1 was f1 (Hz), the frequency of the alternating current in the power supply AC2 was f2 (Hz), and the web passed through the tip of the electrode 18
- the time is t11 (0 seconds)
- the time for the web to pass the end of the electrode 18 is t12 (seconds)
- the time for the web to pass the tip of the electrode 20 is t21 (seconds)
- the end of the electrode 20 is the web
- the passing time is t22 (seconds), the time that the web passes through the tip of the electrode 22 is t31 (seconds), the time that the web passes through the tip of the electrode 22 is t32 (seconds),
- the waveforms do not overlap means a phase difference ⁇ 12 ⁇ 21 between the phase ⁇ 12 of the alternating current at the end of the electrode 18 and the phase ⁇ 21 of the alternating current at the tip of the electrode 20, and the end of the electrode 20.
- the phase difference ⁇ 32 ⁇ 41 is not 0 but has a certain absolute value.
- Phase difference ⁇ 22- ⁇ 31 ⁇ sin (2 ⁇ f2 ⁇ t31)
- ⁇ sin (2 ⁇ f1 ⁇ t22) ⁇ sin ⁇ 2 ⁇ f2 ⁇ (t22 + 0.06d22 / v) ⁇ -Sin (2 ⁇ f1 ⁇ t22)
- Phase difference ⁇ 32- ⁇ 41 Sin (2 ⁇ f2 ⁇ t32) + sin [2 ⁇ f2 ⁇ (t32 + 0.06d23 / v)] (When the alternating currents in the power supply AC1 and the power supply AC2 are both sine waves).
- the distances d21, d22, and d23 are set so that the absolute value of the phase difference of the AC voltage waveform at the ends of the electrodes 18, 20, and 22 and the tips of the electrodes 20, 22, and 24 becomes large. Specifically, it is set to be 0.2 or more, preferably 0.7 or more. Thereby, the overlap of the alternating voltage waveform applied to the aluminum web W at the end of the electrode 18 and the tip of the electrode 20 and at the end of the electrode 22 and the tip of the electrode 24 is prevented.
- the end of the electrodes 18, 20, 22 and the electrodes 20, 22, 24 are used.
- the frequency f1 of the power supply AC1, the frequency f2 of the power supply AC2, and the conveyance speed V may be set so that the phase difference of the AC voltage waveform at the tip of the power supply satisfies the above relationship.
- the aluminum web W conveyed from the left side in FIG. 2 is first introduced into the electrolytic cell 16 by the web introduction roller 26, and then guided under the electrodes 18, 20, 22, 24 by the guide rollers 28, 30. It is guided out of the electrolytic cell 16 by the web outlet roller 32.
- the aluminum web W introduced into the electrolytic cell 16 is conveyed along the electrodes 18, 20, 22, 24, and is directed to the electrodes 18, 20 by the alternating waveform current applied to the electrodes 18, 20 from the power supply AC 1. This surface reacts with the anode or cathode.
- the aluminum web W that has passed under the electrodes 18 and 20 is then conveyed along the electrodes 22 and 24 and directed to the electrodes 22 and 24 by the alternating waveform current applied to the electrodes 22 and 24 from the power source AC2.
- the surface on the opposite side reacts with the anode or cathode to form a honeycomb bit on the entire surface.
- the distances d21, d22, d23 so that the absolute value of the phase difference of the AC voltage waveform at the ends of the electrodes 18, 20, 22 and the tips of the electrodes 20, 22, 24 is increased. Since the power supply frequencies f1 and f2 and / or the conveying speed V are set, the alternating current waveform applied to the aluminum web W at the ends of the electrodes 18, 20, and 22 and the aluminum web at the tips of the electrodes 20, 22, and 24 are set. There is no overlap with the alternating current waveform applied to W.
- chatter mark is generated at a specific portion of the aluminum web W at the ends of the electrodes 18, 20, 22, the chatter mark is canceled at the same portion of the aluminum web W at the tip of the electrodes 20, 22, 24. Therefore, the chatter mark is emphasized and no clear chatter mark is generated.
- the electrolytic surface roughening treatment apparatus 104 is used for electrolytic surface roughening of the aluminum web W conveyed in the direction of arrow a.
- a shallow box-shaped electrolytic cell 36 located downstream of the electrolytic cell 34 along the conveying direction a, guide rollers 44 and 46 for guiding the aluminum web W along the bottom surface of the electrolytic cell 34, and the electrolytic cell 36, guide rollers 52 and 54 for guiding the aluminum web W along the bottom surface thereof, an upstream electrode 38 provided along the transport path above the transport path of the aluminum web W in the electrolytic cell 34, and electrolysis
- the downstream electrode 40 provided along the said conveyance path is provided above the conveyance path of the aluminum web W in the tank 36 inside.
- the upstream electrode 38 and the downstream electrode 40 correspond to one electrode and another electrode of the present invention, respectively, and the guide rollers 46 and 52, the web lead-out roller 48, and the web introduction roller 50 are provided between the upstream electrode 38 and the downstream electrode 40, respectively. Since this is a roller around which the aluminum web W is wound, it corresponds to the web transport roller of the present invention.
- Both the electrolytic cell 34 and the electrolytic cell 36 store an acidic electrolytic solution.
- upstream electrode 38 and the downstream electrode 40 are connected to the power source AC.
- a web introduction roller 42 is provided on the upstream side of the guide roller 44 with respect to the conveyance direction a of the aluminum web W outside the electrolytic cell 34, and a web outlet roller 48 is provided on the downstream side of the guide roller 46 with respect to the conveyance direction a. It has been.
- a web introduction roller 50 for introducing the aluminum web W into the electrolytic cell 36 is provided outside the electrolytic cell 36 adjacent to the web outlet roller 48.
- a web outlet roller 56 is provided on the downstream side of the guide roller 54 outside the electrolytic cell 36. The web outlet roller 56 is made of metal and is grounded.
- the aluminum web W is guided outside the electrolytic cell 34 and the electrolytic cell 36 by the web outlet roller 48 and the web introduction roller 50.
- the length of the upstream electrode 38 along the web conveyance path is d1 (mm)
- the conveyance distance from the end of the upstream electrode 38 to the tip of the downstream electrode 40 is d2 (mm)
- the alternating current output from the power supply AC The time for the web to pass the end of the upstream electrode 38 when the frequency of f is (Hz), the conveyance speed of the aluminum web W is v (m / min), and the time for the web to pass the tip of the upstream electrode 38 is 0.
- a method of setting the distance d2 in addition to a method of adjusting the electrode lengths and setting positions of the upstream electrode 38 and the downstream electrode 40, a method of adjusting the roller height and outer diameter of the guide rollers 46 and 52, and a web derivation roller There is a method of adjusting the roller height and the outer diameter of 48 and the web introduction roller 50. Among these methods, the most preferable method is to adjust the setting positions and outer diameters of the web outlet roller 48 and the web introduction roller 50.
- the roller height is also referred to as the height of the center point of the rollers such as the guide roller 46, that is, the set position.
- this invention also applies to the electrolytic surface-roughening processing apparatus provided with a vertical type electrolytic cell. Applied.
- Examples 1 and 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are examples using the electrolytic surface roughening apparatus according to the first embodiment
- Example 2 is an example using the electrolytic surface roughening apparatus according to the third embodiment. is there.
- the roller height the distance from the center of the guide roller 46 to the center of the web outlet roller 48 was 200 mm, and the distance from the center of the guide roller 52 to the center of the web introduction roller 50 was 200 mm.
- Etching treatment in alkaline aqueous solution was performed by spraying an aqueous solution of caustic soda concentration of 370 g / L, aluminum ion concentration of 1 g / L, and a temperature of 60 ° C. onto the aluminum plate from a spray tube.
- the etching amount of the surface subjected to the electrochemical roughening after the aluminum plate was 3 g / m 2 .
- the liquid was drained with a nip roller, and further washed with water for 5 seconds using a spray tube having a spray tip in which spray water spread in a fan shape, and further drained with a nip roller.
- (B) Desmut treatment in acidic aqueous solution The aluminum plate was sprayed with an aqueous solution having a sulfuric acid concentration of 170 g / L, an aluminum ion concentration of 5 g / L, and a temperature of 50 ° C. from a spray tube, and desmutted for 5 seconds.
- a sulfuric acid aqueous solution the waste liquid of the (i) anodizing process mentioned later was used. Then, the liquid was drained with a nip roller, and further washed with water for 5 seconds using a spray tube having a spray tip in which spray water spread in a fan shape, and further drained with a nip roller.
- Electrochemical roughening treatment using alternating current in acidic aqueous solution As an electrolytic solution, an electrochemical roughening treatment was performed at a hydrochloric acid concentration of 15 g / l. The amount of electricity was 450 C / dm 2 in terms of the total amount of electricity at the time of anode of the aluminum plate, and the current density was 25 A / dm 2 .
- the concentration control of the electrolytic solution was performed by adding makeup water preliminarily added with an amount of hydrochloric acid proportional to the energization amount and sulfuric acid with a desired concentration in accordance with a previously obtained data table.
- a data table is created by measuring the relationship between the electric conductivity of the liquid and the ultrasonic wave propagation speed corresponding to each composition, and added from the measurement results of the electric conductivity of the liquid and the ultrasonic wave propagation speed.
- the amount of hydrochloric acid and the amount of makeup water were feedback controlled. Then, the liquid was drained with a nip roller, and further washed with water for 5 seconds using a spray tube having a spray tip in which spray water spread in a fan shape, and further drained with a nip roller.
- the etching amount of the aluminum plate subjected to the electrochemical surface roughening treatment was 0.2 g / m2. Then, the liquid was drained with a nip roller, and further washed with water for 5 seconds using a spray tube having a spray tip in which spray water spread in a fan shape, and further drained with a nip roller.
- Table 3 and Table 2 show the conditions and results.
- Electrolytic Cell Body 2A Electrolytic Cell 2B Opening 2C Overflow Tank 4 Roller 6A Upstream Electrode 6B Downstream Electrode 8 Acidic Electrolyte Replenishment Channel 10A Upstream Guide Roller 10B Downstream Guide Roller 12 Auxiliary Electrolysis Tank 12A Bottom 14 Auxiliary Electrode 16 Electrolysis Tank 18 Electrode 18, 20, 22, 24 Electrode 26 Web introducing roller 28 Guide roller 30 Guide roller 32 Web outlet roller 34 Electrolytic tank 36 Electrolytic tank 38 Upper electrode 40 Downstream electrode 42 Web introducing roller 44 Guide roller 46 Guide roller 48 Web outlet Roller 50 Web introduction roller 52 Guide roller 54 Guide roller 56 Web derivation roller 100 Electrolytic surface roughening apparatus 102 Electrolytic surface roughening apparatus 104 Electrolytic surface roughening apparatus
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Abstract
Description
t1=0.06d1/v
t2=0.06(d1+d2)/v
である。そして、上流電極6Aと下流電極6Bとに印加される交流電流の位相は互いに逆であるから、上流電極6Aの末端での交流電流の位相φ1および下流電極6Bの先端での交流電流の位相φ2は、例えば正弦波の場合には、夫々
φ1=sin(2πf・t1)
φ2=-sin(2πf・t2)
となる。ここで、本願における「波形が重ならない」とは、上流電極6Aの末端での交流電流の位相φ1と下流電極6Bの先端での交流電流の位相φ2との位相差φ1-φ2が0でなく、ある絶対値を有していることをいう。位相差φ1-φ2の絶対値が大きくなるように、具体的には0.2以上、好ましくは0.7以上になるように距離d2を設定すればよい。
[平版印刷版用支持体の製造方法]
<アルミニウム板(圧延アルミ)>
本発明の平版印刷版用支持体の製造方法には公知のアルミニウム板を用いることができる。本発明に用いられるアルミニウム板は、寸度的に安定なアルミニウムを主成分とする金属であり、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金からなる。純アルミニウム板のほか、アルミニウムを主成分とし微量の異元素を含む合金板を用いることもできる。
また、使用済みアルミニウム飲料缶を溶解させたUBC(Used Beverage Can)地金を圧延して得られるアルミニウム板を用いることもできる。
このアルミニウム板において、Cu含有量は、0.00質量%以上であるのが好ましく、さらには0.01質量%以上、0.02質量%以上であるのがより好ましく、また、0.15質量%以下であるのが好ましく、さらには0.11質量%以下であるのが好ましく、0.03質量%以下であるのがより好ましい。特に好ましいのは、Si:0.07~0.09質量%、Fe:0.20~0.29質量%、Cu:0.03質量%以下、Mn:0.01質量%以下、Mg:0.01質量%以下、Cr:0.01質量%以下、Zn:0.01質量%以下、Ti:0.02質量%以下、Al:99.5質量%以上であるアルミニウム板である。
DC鋳造においては、冷却速度が0.5~30℃/秒の範囲で凝固する。1℃未満であると粗大な金属間化合物が多数形成されることがある。DC鋳造を行った場合、板厚300~800mmの鋳塊を製造することができる。その鋳塊を、常法に従い、必要に応じて面削を行い、通常、表層の1~30mm、好ましくは1~10mmを切削する。その前後において、必要に応じて、均熱化処理を行う。均熱化処理を行う場合、金属間化合物が粗大化しないように、450~620℃で1~48時間の熱処理を行う。熱処理が1時間より短い場合には、均熱化処理の効果が不十分となることがある。なお、均熱処理を行わない場合には、コストを低減させることができるという利点がある。
アルミニウム板の強度は、平版印刷版用支持体として必要な腰の強さを得るため、0.2%耐力が120MPa以上であるのが好ましい。また、バーニング処理を行った場合にもある程度の腰の強さを得るためには、270℃で3~10分間加熱処理した後の0.2%耐力が80MPa以上であるのが好ましく、100MPa以上であるのがより好ましい。特に、アルミニウム板に腰の強さを求める場合は、MgやMnを添加したアルミニウム材料を採用することができるが、腰を強くすると印刷機の版胴へのフィットしやすさが劣ってくるため、用途に応じて、材質および微量成分の添加量が適宜選択される。これらに関して、本願出願人によって提案された技術が、特開平7-126820号公報、特開昭62-140894号公報等に記載されている。
また、アルミニウム板は、引張強度が160±15N/mm2、0.2%耐力が140 ±15MPa、JIS Z2241およびZ2201に規定される伸びが1~10%であるのがより好ましい。
表面に凹凸パターンを有するアルミニウム板を用いることにより、ブラシと研磨剤とで形成する凹凸パターンより、平均ピッチと深さが均一な凹凸パターンを得ることができるので耐汚れ性が向上する。また後のアルカリエッチング処理および粗面化処理で消費されるエネルギーを少なくしつつ、印刷機上における湿し水の量の調整を容易にすることができる。例えば、後述する第1エッチング処理において、エッチング量を3g/m2程度以下と少なくすることができる。また、凹凸パターンを有するアルミニウム板を用いると得られる平版印刷版用支持体の表面積が増大するため、耐刷性により優れる。
また、転写により付与される凹凸は、アルミニウム板の両面に付与されるのがより好ましい。これにより、表面と裏面のアルミニウム板の伸び率を同程度に調整することができるので平面性のよいアルミニウム板を得ることができる。
エアーブラスト法におけるエアー圧は、1~10kgf/cm2(9.81×104~9.81×105Pa)であるのが好ましく、2~5kgf/cm2(1.96×105~4.90×105Pa)であるのがより好ましい。
エアーブラスト法に用いられるグリッドは、所定の粒径のアルミナ粒子であれば特に限定されない。グリッドに、硬く、粒子一つ一つの角が鋭角なアルミナ粒子を用いると、転写ロールの表面に、深く均一な凹凸を形成させやすい。
アルミナ粒子の平均粒径は、50~150μmであり、60~130μmであるのが好ましく、70~90μmであるのがより好ましい。上記範囲であると、転写ロールとして十分な大きさの表面粗さが得られるため、この転写ロールを用いて凹凸を付与したアルミニウム板の表面粗さが十分に大きくなる。また、ピット数も十分に多くすることができる。
エアーブラスト法における噴射角は、噴射面(ロール表面)に対して60~120°であるのが好ましく、80~100°であるのがより好ましい。
本発明においては、鋼製のロールを用いるのが好ましい。中でも、鍛造により作られたロールであるのが好ましい。好ましいロール材質の組成の一例は、C:0.07~6質量%、Si:0.2~1質量%、Mn:0.15~1質量%、P:0.03質量%以下、S:0.03質量%以下、Cr:2.5~12質量%、Mo:0.05~1.1質量%、Cu:0.5質量%以下、V:0.5質量%以下、残部:鉄および不可避不純物である。
また、一般的に圧延用ロールとして用いられる、工具鋼(SKD)、ハイス鋼(SKH)、高炭素クロム軸受鋼(SUJ)、炭素とクロムとモリブデンとバナジウムとを合金元素として含む鍛造鋼が挙げられる。長いロール寿命を得るために、クロムを10~20質量%程度含有する高クロム合金鋳鉄を用いることもできる。
中でも、鍛造法により製造されたロールを用いるのが好ましい。この場合、焼入れ、焼戻し後の硬度が、Hsで80~100であるのが好ましい。焼戻しは、低温焼戻しを行うのが好ましい。
ロールの直径は200~1000mmであるのが好ましい。また、ロールの面長は1000~4000mmであるのが好ましい。
硬質化処理としては、ハードクロムめっきが特に好ましい。ハードクロムめっきは、工業用クロムめっき法として従来周知のCrO3-SO4浴、CrO3-SO4-フッ化物浴等を用いた電気めっきによる方法を用いることができる。
ハードクロムめっき皮膜の厚さは3~15μmであるのが好ましく、5~10μmであるのがより好ましい。上記範囲であると、ロール表面素地とめっき皮膜との境界から、めっき皮膜部分がはがれるめっきはく離が生じにくく、また、耐摩耗性の向上効果も十分となる。ハードクロムめっき皮膜の厚さは、めっき処理時間を調整することによって調節することができる。
ハードクロムめっきの前には、ハードクロムめっきに用いるめっき液中で、ロールを陽極とし、直流電流を用いて、5,000~50,000C/dm2の電気量で電解処理を行うのが好ましい。これにより、ロールの表面の凹凸を均一化することができる。
アルミニウム板の表面のキズは平版印刷版用支持体に加工した場合に欠陥となる可能性があるため、平版印刷版用支持体とする表面処理工程の前の段階でのキズの発生は可能な限り抑制する必要がある。そのためには安定した形態で運搬時に傷付きにくい荷姿であることが好ましい。
アルミニウムウェブの場合、アルミニウムの荷姿としては、例えば、鉄製パレットにハードボードとフェルトとを敷き、製品両端に段ボールドーナツ板を当て、ポリチュ-ブで全体を包み、コイル内径部に木製ドーナツを挿入し、コイル外周部にフェルトを当て、帯鉄で絞め、その外周部に表示を行う。また、包装材としては、ポリエチレンフィルム、緩衝材としては、ニードルフェルト、ハードボードを用いることができる。この他にもいろいろな形態があるが、安定して、キズも付かず運送等が可能であればこの方法に限るものではない。
本発明の平版印刷版用支持体の製造方法は、上述したアルミニウム板に、電解液中で交
流を用いて電気化学的粗面化処理を施して平版印刷版用支持体を得る。
本発明の平版印刷版用支持体の製造方法においては、上記以外の各種の工程を含んでいてもよい。
また、前記処理で陽極酸化処理を施す前にさらに電気化学的粗面化処理、アルカリ水溶液中でのエッチング処理、酸性水溶液中でのデスマット処理を行ってよい。また、上記陽極酸化処理の後に、更に、封孔処理、親水化処理、または、封孔処理およびその後の親水化処理を施す方法も好ましい。
機械的粗面化処理としては、例えば、アルミニウム表面を金属ワイヤーでひっかくワイヤーブラシグレイン法、研磨球と研磨剤でアルミニウム表面を砂目立てするボールグレイン法、特開平6-135175号公報および特公昭50-40047号公報に記載されているナイロンブラシと研磨剤で表面を砂目立てするブラシグレイン法を用いることができる。
また、凹凸面をアルミニウム板に圧接する転写方法(転写ロール法)を用いることもできる。即ち、特開昭55-74898号、特開昭60-36195号、特開昭60-203496号の各公報に記載されている方法のほか、転写を数回行うことを特徴とする特開平6-55871号公報、表面が弾性であることを特徴とした特開平6-24168号公報に記載されている方法も適用可能である。
中でも、転写ロール法が、平版印刷版用支持体の製造工程の高速化に対応しやすいので、好ましい。転写ロール法は、上述したように、最終板厚に調整する冷間圧延、または、最終板厚調整後の表面形状を仕上げる仕上げ冷間圧延において、転写を行うのが好ましい。
アルカリエッチング処理は、上述したアルミニウム板をアルカリ溶液に接触させることにより、表層を溶解する処理である。
第1エッチング処理においては、後に電気化学的粗面化処理を施される面のエッチング量は、0.5g/m2以上であるのが好ましく、1g/m2以上であるのがより好ましく、また、10g/m2以下であるのが好ましく、5g/m2以下であるのがより好ましい。エッチング量が0.5g/m2以上であると、電気化学的粗面化処理において均一なピットを生成させることができる。エッチング量が10g/m2以下であると、アルカリ水溶液の使用量が少なくなり、経済的に有利となる。
後述する第2エッチング処理および第3エッチング処理においても、同様である。
また、アルカリ溶液は、アルミニウムイオンを含有しているのが好ましい。アルミニウムイオン濃度は、0.5質量%以上であるのが好ましく、4質量%以上であるのがより好ましく、また、10質量%以下であるのが好ましく、8質量%以下であるのがより好ましい。このようなアルカリ溶液は、例えば、水と48質量%カセイソーダ水溶液とアルミン酸ソーダとを用いて調製することができる。
第1エッチング処理においては、処理時間は、1秒以上であるのが好ましく、2秒以上であるのがより好ましく、また、30秒以下であるのが好ましく、15秒以下であるのがより好ましい。
即ち、カセイソーダ濃度とアルミニウムイオン濃度とのマトリクスに対応する、電導度と比重と温度とのマトリクス、または、電導度と超音波伝搬速度と温度とのマトリクスをあらかじめ作成しておき、電導度と比重と温度、または、電導度と超音波伝搬速度と温度によって液組成を測定し、液組成の制御目標値になるようにカセイソーダと水とを添加する。そして、カセイソーダと水とを添加することによって増加したエッチング液を、循環タンクからオーバーフローさせることにより、その液量を一定に保つ。添加するカセイソーダとしては、工業用の40~60質量%のものを用いることができる。
電導度計および比重計としては、それぞれ温度補償されているものを用いるのが好ましい。比重計としては、差圧式のものを用いるのが好ましい。
水洗処理は、自由落下カーテン状の液膜により水洗処理する装置を用いて水洗し、更に、スプレー管を用いて水洗するのが好ましい。
第1エッチング処理を行った後、表面に残留する汚れ(スマット)を除去するために酸洗い(第1デスマット処理)を行うのが好ましい。デスマット処理は、アルミニウム板を酸性溶液に接触させることにより行う。
中でも、酸性溶液をアルミニウム板の表面に噴きかける方法が好ましい。具体的には、φ2~5mmの孔を10~50mmピッチで有するスプレー管から、スプレー管1本あたり、10~100L/minの量でデスマッティング液を吹き付ける方法が好ましい。スプレー管は複数本設けるのが好ましい。
水洗処理は、アルカリエッチング処理の後の水洗処理と同様である。ただし、スプレーチップ1本あたりの液量は1~20L/minであるのが好ましい。
電気化学的粗面化処理は、塩酸あるいは硝酸を含有する混合水溶液中での交流を用いた電気化学的粗面化処理を行うことが望ましい。この電気化学的粗面化処理により、プラトー部(平坦部)の少ない、好ましくは平均直径2~20μmの均一な凹部を有し、好ましくは平均表面粗さ0.3~0.8μmの表面形状が得られる。このように、本発明においては、電気化学的粗面化処理後の表面において、プラトー部が少ないので、平版印刷版としたときの耐刷性が優れたものとなり、また、ピットが均一であるので、平版印刷版としたときの耐汚れ性が優れたものとなる。
ましく、4~20g/Lであるのがより好ましく、10~18g/Lであるのが更に好ま
しい。上記範囲であると、ピットの均一性が高くなる。
多成分濃度測定法は、例えば、液中の超音波の伝搬速度と液の電導度(導電率)とを用いて濃度を測定する方法、中和滴定法、キャピラリー電気泳動分析法、イソタコフォレシス(isotachophoresis、細管式等速電気泳動法)分析法、イオンクロマトグラフ法が挙げられる。
イオンクロマトグラフ法は、検出器の種類により、吸光度検出イオンクロマトグラフ、ノンサプレッサ型電気電導度検出イオンクロマトグラフ、サプレッサ型イオンクロマトグラフ等に分類される。中でも、サプレッサ型イオンクロマトグラフが、測定の安定性の確保のうえで好ましい。
電気化学的粗面化を行うと、電解液では、通電量に比例して水素イオン濃度が低下し、アルミニウムイオン濃度が上昇する。したがって、通電量に基づいたフィードフォワード制御を行うことにより、水素イオン濃度とアルミニウムイオン濃度とを一定に保つことができる。
すなわち、水素イオン濃度を上昇させるために、通電量、すなわち、交流電源が発生する電流値に比例した量の酸を電解液に補給し、アルミニウムイオン濃度を低下させるために、通電量に比例した量の水を電解液に補給し、さらに、水の添加によって酸の濃度が低下するので、添加された水の量に比例した量の酸を電解液に補給することによって、水素イオン濃度とアルミニウムイオン濃度とを一定に保つことができる。なお、以下の説明では、電解液に補給する水を補給水ともいう。
濃度測定方法としては、上述した多成分濃度測定法が挙げられるが、各成分の液組成に対応した電解液の電導度と超音波伝搬速度との対応をとっておき、電導度と超音波伝搬速度との値に基づいて濃度測定を行う方法が特に好ましい。
また、転写により凹凸パターンを形成したアルミニウム板を用いる場合は、200~400C/dm2であるのが特に好ましい。
電流密度は、電解処理の最初から最後まで漸増するように設定するのが好ましい。これにより、均一なピットが生成しやすくなる。具体的には、(電解の最後の電流密度/電解の最初の電流密度)の値が1.1~2.0になるように段階的に漸増するように、電源および電極を分割して設定するのが好ましい。
また、特開昭52-58602号、特開昭52-152302号、特開昭53-12738号、特開昭53-12739号、特開昭53-32821号、特開昭53-32822号、特開昭53-32833号、特開昭53-32824号、特開昭53-32825号、特開昭54-85802号、特開昭55-122896号、特開昭55-132884号、特公昭48-28123号、特公昭51-7081号、特開昭52-133838号、特開昭52-133840号、特開昭52-133844号、特開昭52-133845号、特開昭53-149135号、特開昭54-146234号の各公報等に記載されているもの等も用いることができる。
また、交流の周波数は、10~200Hzであるのが好ましく、20~150Hzであるのがより好ましく、30~120Hzであるのが更に好ましい。10Hz以上であると、ファセット状(角張った四角い形状)の大きなピットができにくく、耐汚れ性がより優れたものとなる。200Hz以下であると、電解電流を流す回路のインダクタンス成分の影響を受けにくく、大容量の電源の製作が容易となる。
フラット型の電解槽を用いるときは、電気化学的粗面化処理で生成するピットの裏廻りを防止する目的で、アルミニウム板の非処理面に絶縁板を設けて電流が非処理面に流れるのを防止する方法をとることが好ましい。
電解槽内を通過する電解液は、アルミニウムウェブの進行方向に対してパラレルであってもカウンターであってもよいが、カウンターがより望ましい。
処理長を長くする方法としては、大型化された電解槽を用いる方法が挙げられるが、大型化された電解槽は製造が困難であるので、複数の電解槽を用いることが好ましい態様の一つである。
電解槽の数は、3~10個であることが好ましい。3~7個であれば、平均粗さRaを十分な値とすることができ、かつ生産性を向上させることができる。
水洗処理は、スプレー管を用いて水洗するのが好ましい。水洗処理に用いられるスプレー管としては、例えば、扇状に噴射水が広がるスプレーチップをアルミニウム板の幅方向に複数個有するスプレー管を用いることができる。スプレーチップの間隔は20~100mmであるのが好ましく、また、スプレーチップ1本あたりの液量は1~20L/minであるのが好ましい。スプレー管は複数本用いるのが好ましい。
また、測定のバラツキを抑制するために、市販の画像解析ソフトによる等価円直径測定 を行うこともできる。この場合、上記電子顕微鏡写真をスキャナーで取り込んでデジタル化し、ソフトウェアにより二値化した後、等価円直径を求める。
本発明者が測定したところ、目視測定の結果とデジタル処理の結果とは、ほぼ同じ値をした。
第2エッチング処理は、電気化学的粗面化処理で生成したスマットを溶解させること、および、電気化学的粗面化処理により形成されたピットのエッジ部分を溶解させることを目的として行われる。これにより、電気化学的粗面化処理によって形成された大きなピットのエッジ部分が溶解して表面が滑らかになり、インキがエッジ部分にひっかかりにくくなるため、耐汚れ性に優れる平版印刷版原版を得ることができる。
第2エッチング処理は、基本的に第1エッチング処理と同様であるが、エッチング量は、0.01g/m2以上であるのが好ましく、0.05g/m2以上であるのがより好ましく、0.1g/m2以上であるのが更に好ましく、また、10g/m2以下であるのが好ましく、5g/m2以下であるのがより好ましく、3g/m2以下であるのが更に好ましい。
第2エッチング処理を行った後、表面に残留する汚れ(スマット)を除去するために酸洗い(第2デスマット処理)を行うのが好ましい。第2デスマット処理は、第1デスマット処理と同様の方法で行うことができる。
t12=t11+0.06d1/v=0.06d1/v
t21=t12+0.06d21/v=0.06(d1/v+d21/v)
t22=t21+0.06d1/v=0.06(d1/v+d21/v+d1/v)
=0.06(2d1/v+d21/v)
t31=t22+0.06d22/v
=0.06(2d1/v+d21/v+d22/v)
t32=t31+0.06d1/v
=0.06(3d1/v+d21/v+d22/v)
t41=t32+0.06d23/v
=0.06(3d1/v+d21/v+d22/v+d23/v)
t42=t41+0.06d1/v
=0.06(4d1/v+d21/v+d22/v+d23/v)
である。そして、電源AC1によって電極18と電極20とに印加される交流電流の位相は互いに逆であり、電源AC2によって電極22と電極24とに印加される交流電流の位相もまた互いに逆である。
したがって、電極18の末端での交流電流の位相φ12、電極20の先端での交流電流の位相φ21、電極20の末端での交流電流の位相φ22、電極22の先端での交流電流の位相φ31、電極22の末端での交流電流の位相φ32、電極24の先端での交流電流の位相φ41、電極24の末端での交流電流の位相φ42は、たとえば正弦波の場合は、夫々
φ12=sin(2πf1・t12)
φ21=-sin(2πf1・t21)
φ22=-sin(2πf1・t22)
φ31=sin(2πf2・t31)
φ32=sin(2πf2・t32)
φ41=-sin(2πf2・t41)
φ42=-sin(2πf2・t42)
となる。ここで、本願における「波形が重ならない」とは、電極18の末端での交流電流の位相φ12と電極20の先端での交流電流の位相φ21との位相差φ12-φ21、電極20の末端での交流電流の位相φ22と電極22の先端での交流電流の位相φ31との位相差φ22-φ31、電極22の末端での交流電流の位相φ32と電極24の先端での交流電流の位相φ41との位相差φ32-φ41が0でなく、ある絶対値を有していることをいう。
なお、位相差φ12-φ21
=sin(2πf1・t12)+sin(2πf1・t21)
=sin(2πf1・0.06d1/v)
+sin[2πf1・0.06(d1/v+d21/v)]
位相差φ22-φ31
=-sin(2πf2・t31)-sin(2πf1・t22)
=-sin{2πf2・(t22+0.06d22/v)}
-sin(2πf1・t22)
位相差φ32-φ41
=sin(2πf2・t32)+sin[2πf2・(t32+0.06d23/v)]
で与えられる(電源AC1、電源AC2における交流電流が何れも正弦波のとき)。
実施形態1の場合と同様に、距離d21、d22、d23は、電極18、20、22の末端と電極20、22、24の先端とにおける交流電圧波形の位相差の絶対値が大きくなるように、具体的には0.2以上、好ましくは0.7以上になるように設定されている。これにより、電極18の末端と電極20の先端、および電極22の末端と電極24の先端でのアルミニウムウェブWに印加される交流電圧波形の重なり合いが防止される。
t1=0.06d1/v
t2=0.06(d1+d2)/v
である。そして、上流電極38と下流電極40とに印加される交流電流の位相は互いに逆であるから、上流電極38の末端での交流電流の位相φ1および下流電極40の先端での交流電流の位相φ2は、例えば正弦波の場合には、夫々
φ1=sin(2πf・t1)
φ2=-sin(2πf・t2)
となる。したがって、位相差φ1-φ2の絶対値が大きくなるように、具体的には0.2以上、好ましくは0.7以上になるように距離d2を設定すればよい。
表1に示される各成分(質量%)を含有し、残部はAlと不可避不純物とからなるアルミニウム合金を用いて溶湯を調製し、溶湯処理およびろ過を行った上で、厚さ500mm、幅1200mmの鋳塊をDC鋳造法で作製した。表面を平均10mmの厚さで面削機により削り取った後、550℃で、約5時間均熱保持し、温度400℃に下がったところで、熱間圧延機を用いて厚さ2.7mmの圧延板とした。更に、連続焼鈍機を用いて熱処理を500℃で行った後、冷間圧延を行って、厚さ0.3mm、幅1060mmに仕上げ、アルミニウム板1を得た。
<表面処理>
表面処理は、以下の(a)~(g)の各種処理を連続的に行った。
アルミニウム板に、カセイソーダ濃度370g/L、アルミニウムイオン濃度1g/L、温度60℃の水溶液をスプレー管から吹き付けて、エッチング処理を行った。アルミニウム板の後に電気化学的粗面化処理を施す面のエッチング量は、3g/m2であった。
その後、ニップローラで液切りし、更に、扇状に噴射水が広がるスプレーチップを有するスプレー管を用いて5秒間水洗処理し、更に、ニップローラで液切りした。
アルミニウム板に、硫酸濃度170g/L、アルミニウムイオン濃度5g/L、温度50℃の水溶液をスプレー管から吹き付けて、5秒間デスマット処理を行った。硫酸水溶液としては、後述する(i)陽極酸化処理工程の廃液を用いた。
その後、ニップローラで液切りし、更に、扇状に噴射水が広がるスプレーチップを有するスプレー管を用いて5秒間水洗処理し、更に、ニップローラで液切りした。
電解液として、塩酸濃度15g/lで電気化学的な粗面化処理を行った。
電気量は、アルミニウム板のアノード時の電気量の総和で、450C/dm2であり、また電流密度は25A/dm2であった。
電解液の濃度制御は、予め求めたデータテーブルに従って、通電量に比例した量の塩酸および所望の濃度の硫酸を予め添加した補給水を添加することによって行った。また、各組成に応じた液の電導度と超音波の伝搬速度との関係を測定してデータテーブルを作成しておき、液の電導度と超音波の伝搬速度との測定結果から、添加する塩酸の量と補給水の量とをフィードバック制御した。
その後、ニップローラで液切りし、更に、扇状に噴射水が広がるスプレーチップを有するスプレー管を用いて5秒間水洗処理し、更に、ニップローラで液切りした。
アルミニウム板に、カセイソーダ濃度370g/L、アルミニウムイオン濃度1g/L、温度35℃の水溶液をスプレー管から吹き付けて、エッチング処理を行った。アルミニウム板の電気化学的粗面化処理を施した面のエッチング量は、0.2g/m2であっ
た。
その後、ニップローラで液切りし、更に、扇状に噴射水が広がるスプレーチップを有するスプレー管を用いて5秒間水洗処理し、更に、ニップローラで液切りした。
チャターマークについては、得られた平版印刷版用支持体の表面を目視で観察し、目視で明確に認められなかったものは「○」、認められたものは「×」とした。また、砂目均一性については、前記平版印刷版用支持体の表面を走査型電子顕微鏡JSM-5500(日本電子株式会社製)を用いて倍率1500倍で観察し、不均一部の発生が認められなかったものは「○」、認められたものは「×」と評価した。
2A 電解槽
2B 開口部
2C 溢流槽
4 ローラ
6A 上流電極
6B 下流電極
8 酸性電解液補充流路
10A 上流側案内ローラ
10B 下流側案内ローラ
12 補助電解槽
12A 底面
14 補助電極
16 電解槽
18 電極
18,20,22,24 電極
26 ウェブ導入ローラ
28 案内ローラ
30 案内ローラ
32 ウェブ導出ローラ
34 電解槽
36 電解槽
38 上流電極
40 下流電極
42 ウェブ導入ローラ
44 案内ローラ
46 案内ローラ
48 ウェブ導出ローラ
50 ウェブ導入ローラ
52 案内ローラ
54 案内ローラ
56 ウェブ導出ローラ
100 電解粗面化処理装置
102 電解粗面化処理装置
104 電解粗面化処理装置
Claims (8)
- 一定方向に沿って所定の搬送速度で搬送されるウェブを、前記ウェブの搬送方向に沿って配設された複数の電極に交流を印加して電解処理する電解処理方法であって、一の電極の末端をウェブの長さ方向のある一点が通過する際にウェブに印加される交流電圧波形と前記一の電極の下流側に隣接する他の電極の先端をウェブの前記一点が通過する際にウェブに印加される交流電圧波形とが重なり合わないように、
ウェブの搬送速度、
一の電極と他の電極とに印加される交流の周波数、および
一の電極と他の電極との間のウェブ搬送距離
を設定する電解処理方法。 - 前記ウェブは純アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金のウェブである請求項1に記載の電解処理方法。
- 前記一の電極と他の電極との間において前記ウェブが巻き掛けられるウェブ搬送ローラを設け、前記ウェブ搬送ローラの高さおよび外径を設定することにより、前記一の電極と他の電極との間のウェブ搬送距離を設定する請求項1に記載の電解処理方法。
- 前記一の電極と他の電極との間において前記ウェブが巻き掛けられるウェブ搬送ローラを設け、前記ウェブ搬送ローラの高さまたは外径を設定することにより、前記一の電極と他の電極との間のウェブ搬送距離を設定する請求項2に記載の電解処理方法。
- 一定方向に所定の搬送速度で搬送されるウェブを、前記ウェブの搬送方向に沿って配設された複数の電極に交流を印加して電解処理する電解処理装置であって、一の電極の末端の長さ方向のある一点が通過するときにウェブに印加される交流電圧波形と前記一の電極の下流側に隣接する他の電極の先端をウェブの前記一点が通過する際にウェブに印加される交流電圧波形とが重なり合わないように、
ウェブの搬送速度、
一の電極と他の電極とに印加される交流の周波数、および、
一の電極と他の電極との間のウェブ搬送距離
が設定されている電解処理装置。 - 前記ウェブは純アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金のウェブである請求項5に記載の電解処理装置。
- 前記一の電極と他の電極との間において前記ウェブが巻き掛けられるウェブ搬送ローラを備え、前記ウェブ搬送ローラの高さおよび外径を設定することにより、前記一の電極と他の電極との間のウェブ搬送距離が設定される請求項5に記載の電解処理装置。
- 前記一の電極と他の電極との間において前記ウェブが巻き掛けられるウェブ搬送ローラを備え、前記ウェブ搬送ローラの高さまたは外径を設定することにより、前記一の電極と他の電極との間のウェブ搬送距離が設定される請求項6に記載の電解処理装置。
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CN111931898A (zh) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-11-13 | 兰州理工大学 | 一种基于深度免疫克隆算法的电解铝智能配铝调度方法 |
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CN108457075A (zh) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-08-28 | 江苏恒神股份有限公司 | 一种用于碳纤维表面处理的装置 |
TWI777746B (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-09-11 | 謝昭偉 | 鋁合金陽極處理硫酸電解液分析系統 |
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- 2009-09-30 EP EP09817844.5A patent/EP2343402B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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- 2009-09-30 CN CN200980138273.XA patent/CN102165106B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-30 US US13/121,356 patent/US8968530B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPWO2015115531A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-31 | 2017-03-23 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | アルミニウム板の製造方法、アルミニウム板、蓄電デバイス用集電体および蓄電デバイス |
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CN102165106A (zh) | 2011-08-24 |
JP5405475B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 |
US8968530B2 (en) | 2015-03-03 |
EP2343402B1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
EP2343402A1 (en) | 2011-07-13 |
US20110174635A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
EP2343402A4 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
CN102165106B (zh) | 2014-09-17 |
JPWO2010038812A1 (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
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