WO2006109445A1 - 工作機械及び工作機械の変位補正方法 - Google Patents
工作機械及び工作機械の変位補正方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006109445A1 WO2006109445A1 PCT/JP2006/305546 JP2006305546W WO2006109445A1 WO 2006109445 A1 WO2006109445 A1 WO 2006109445A1 JP 2006305546 W JP2006305546 W JP 2006305546W WO 2006109445 A1 WO2006109445 A1 WO 2006109445A1
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- Prior art keywords
- machine tool
- temperature
- displacement
- displacement amount
- column
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/18—Compensation of tool-deflection due to temperature or force
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0003—Arrangements for preventing undesired thermal effects on tools or parts of the machine
- B23Q11/0007—Arrangements for preventing undesired thermal effects on tools or parts of the machine by compensating occurring thermal dilations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49206—Compensation temperature, thermal displacement, use measured temperature
Definitions
- the present invention corrects a thermal displacement caused by a temperature change of each component part of a machine tool that performs machining while moving a tool relative to a workpiece based on machining data.
- the present invention relates to a displacement correction method for a machine tool.
- FIG. 20 is a side view schematically showing the configuration of the main body 1 of this type of machine tool.
- a table 3 on which the workpiece W is supported is provided on the front side (left side in the figure) on the base 2.
- a column 4 extending upward is provided on the rear side (right side in the figure) on the base 2.
- the column 4 is moved in the left-right (X-axis) and front-back (Y-axis) directions by an XY moving mechanism (not shown).
- a spindle head 6 having a downwardly facing spindle 5 is provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Z axis).
- a tool can be attached to the tip of the main shaft 5 in a replaceable manner.
- Column 4 is also equipped with a tool changer that automatically changes the tool.
- a control device is attached to the main body 1.
- This control device controls the X-axis and Y-axis servo motors, Z-axis servo motors and spindle motors of the XY movement mechanism based on the machining data.
- the column 4 is moved in the horizontal direction
- the spindle head 6 is moved in the Z-axis direction
- the spindle is further rotated. This will automatically execute the machining.
- the main body 1 is provided with a cutting water circulation mechanism in order to cool the tool portion and to wash away cutting waste generated during processing.
- This cutting water circulation mechanism has a tank and a pump for storing cutting water.
- the cutting hydraulic power pumped out from the tank for example, discharged toward the cutting point .
- the cutting water flows through the upper surface portion of the base 2 and is then returned to the tank. Circulation is performed such that cutting waste is captured in the tank.
- a correction method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-94290 has been considered.
- temperature sensors are provided at the key points of the machine tool, and the amount of thermal displacement is estimated based on the detection of these temperature sensors.
- Position is corrected.
- a temperature sensor such as a thermocouple that detects the reference temperature is provided at a portion where the temperature change is relatively small, and a temperature sensor that detects the container temperature is provided at a portion where the temperature change is relatively large.
- a temperature sensor is provided to detect the air temperature at the top of the machine. These temperature sensors detect the temperature at predetermined time intervals.
- the temperature is detected at each of a site where the temperature change is relatively small and a site where the temperature change is relatively large.
- the temperature is detected at a predetermined time interval, and minute correction is repeated by detecting the temperature only for the nth time to be corrected and the previous time (n_ 1st). For this reason, for example, when the temperature measurement value includes an error, the error is accumulated, the error increases as time passes, and the hysteresis is restored even though the error returns to the initial state. May remain.
- the applicant has invented a thermal displacement correction method that mainly corrects the thermal displacement in the Z-axis (vertical) direction caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the ball screw for moving the spindle head up and down.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-135653 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-135653.
- it is possible to appropriately estimate the amount of thermal displacement in the vertical direction of the main shaft and the tool due to the elongation of the ball screw, and correct the force S.
- machine tools The thermal displacement in the longitudinal direction (Y-axis) at each component of the machine body cannot be ignored, and it is important to correctly estimate the thermal displacement in the longitudinal direction.
- An object of the present invention is to estimate the amount of thermal displacement at a machining point and to correct the amount of movement of each axis so as to cancel the displacement.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool and a displacement correction method for a machine tool that can accurately perform estimation and can sufficiently increase the accuracy of the correction by the correction.
- the machine tool of the present invention includes a temperature sensor that is provided at a plurality of locations on the machine tool main body and measures the temperature of the portion, and each of the machine tool main body that is configured based on the measurement of these temperature sensors.
- Displacement amount detecting means for obtaining a thermal displacement amount of the constituent part; and a converting means for converting the thermal displacement amount of each constituent part detected by the displacement amount detecting means into a displacement amount in each axial direction at the machining point; Correction means for correcting the relative movement amount for each axis in accordance with the conversion of the conversion means, and the temperature sensor has at least a surface with a large temperature change and its opposite side with respect to each component part.
- the displacement amount detecting means includes a surface having a large temperature change and a surface positioned on the opposite side thereof. Due to differences in temperature rise of Rio consideration configured to determine the amount of displacement is, Ru.
- the thermal displacement correction method for a machine tool is a method for correcting thermal displacement caused by a temperature change of each component part of the machine tool. Then, at least a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the part is provided on both the surface where the temperature change is large and the surface located on the opposite side, and based on the measurement of these temperature sensors, In addition to the thermal expansion and thermal contraction of each constituent part, the amount of thermal displacement of each constituent part is warped due to the difference in temperature rise between the surface with the large temperature change and the surface located on the opposite side. The amount of displacement is converted into the amount of displacement in each axial direction at the cache point, and the amount of movement of each axis is corrected according to the amount of displacement converted.
- the temperature at a plurality of locations is measured by the temperature sensor for each component of the machine tool body.
- the temperature sensor For each component, at least the temperature of the surface where the temperature change is large and the surface located on the opposite side are measured by the temperature sensor. Can be measured. Therefore, the degree of temperature change of each component can be detected more precisely.
- the displacement amount including the warpage obtained for each component part is converted into the displacement amount in each axial direction as a whole at the machining point, and the displacement amount of each axis so as to cancel the displacement amount. Can be corrected.
- the amount of thermal displacement can be accurately estimated, and the machining accuracy can be sufficiently increased by the correction.
- the initial temperature measured at the same time by each temperature sensor is stored as a reference temperature, and the measurement temperature of each temperature sensor at an arbitrary time point is compared with the reference temperature for each measurement location. It is possible to determine the temperature change at, and to determine the thermal displacement of each component based on the temperature change. Since the initial temperature measured at the same time by each temperature sensor is used as a reference temperature, the amount of thermal displacement of each component is obtained based on the temperature change at an arbitrary time point. Even if there is an error in the temperature measurement value, there is no hysteresis that is not accumulated.
- the reference temperature may be a value measured when the setting of a jig or the like with respect to the machine tool body before the start of machining is completed. As a result, it has been confirmed that an appropriate reference temperature can be obtained without being affected by thermal expansion, thermal contraction, or ambient temperature due to temperature changes.
- a base In the machine tool of the present invention, a base, a table that is provided on the base and supports the workpiece, and is positioned at the rear of the table on the base as each component part constituting the machine tool main body.
- a column provided and a spindle head provided with a tool provided in the column can be included. Machining accuracy can be sufficiently increased by estimating and correcting the amount of thermal displacement at each component.
- the thermal displacement particularly as a deviation in the front-rear direction at the machining point, mainly affects the elongation in the front-rear direction of the base and the front-rear direction of the base. Warpage, warpage in the vertical direction of the column, warpage in the vertical direction of the spindle head, and elongation in the longitudinal direction of the column, spindle head and table.
- the displacement amount detection means can determine the displacement amount in consideration of the tilt displacement amount due to the warp in the front-rear direction in addition to the front-rear direction extension with respect to the base. Further, the displacement amount detecting means can determine the displacement amount in consideration of the amount of inclination displacement due to the warp in the vertical direction in addition to the longitudinal extension in the column. Further, the displacement amount detection means can determine the displacement amount of the spindle head in consideration of the tilt displacement amount due to the warp in the vertical direction in addition to the longitudinal extension. With the displacement amount detection means, the displacement amount due to the longitudinal stretching of the table can be obtained. The displacement in the longitudinal direction at the machining point can be corrected, and high machining accuracy in the longitudinal direction can be obtained.
- a machine tool and a displacement correction method for a machine tool estimate a thermal displacement amount at a machining point, and correct a movement amount of each axis so as to cancel the displacement.
- temperature sensors are provided at multiple locations on the machine tool body, and based on the measurement of these temperature sensors, the amount of thermal displacement of each component is determined based on the temperature of the surface located on the opposite side to the surface where the temperature change is large.
- a configuration in which the amount of thermal displacement of each component part is converted into the amount of displacement in each axial direction at the machining point, and the relative movement amount for each axis is corrected according to the conversion. Therefore, the amount of thermal displacement can be accurately estimated, and the machining accuracy can be sufficiently increased by the correction.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention, and is a perspective view schematically showing a configuration of a main body of a machine tool partially broken.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing an electrical configuration of the machine tool.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of a carpentry work including correction of thermal displacement performed by the control device.
- FIG. 4A is a side view showing exaggeratedly how the base extends in the Y-axis direction.
- FIG. 4B is a side view exaggeratingly showing the warping deformation of the base.
- FIG. 4C is a side view showing the column warping deformation exaggeratedly.
- FIG. 4D is a side view exaggeratingly showing the warping deformation of the spindle head.
- FIG. 4E is a side view exaggeratingly showing the column, spindle head, and table extending in the Y-axis direction.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the presence / absence of displacement due to thermal expansion and contraction in the Y-axis direction and the displacement due to warpage of each component, and the direction of the displacement.
- Fig. 6 is a side view showing the dimensions of each part of the machine tool body used to estimate the displacement.
- FIG. 7 is a side view showing an inclination angle caused by warping of each part of the machine tool body.
- Figure 8A shows the temperature change of each part in the first test over time.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram (part 2) showing the temperature change of each part in the first test over time.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing measured values of displacement amounts of the respective constituent parts.
- FIG. 10 is a side view showing a measurement position by the measurement sensor.
- Fig. 11 shows the measured and calculated values of the displacement on the upper surface side of the front end surface of the base.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram showing measured values and calculated values of the displacement at the upper part of the spindle.
- FIG. 12B is a diagram showing measured values and calculated values of the displacement at the lower part of the spindle.
- Fig. 13 is a diagram showing changes in room temperature, cutting water temperature, and internal temperature over time in the second test.
- FIG. 14A is a diagram showing the actually measured value of the displacement amount in the Y-axis direction at the upper part of the main shaft and the deviation amount when the correction based on the equation (1) is executed.
- FIG. 14B is a diagram showing the measured value of the amount of displacement in the Y-axis direction at the lower part of the main shaft and the amount of deviation when correction based on equation (1) is executed.
- FIG. 15A is a diagram showing the measured value of the displacement amount in the Y-axis direction at the upper part of the main shaft and the deviation amount when the correction based on the equation (2) is executed.
- Fig. 15B is based on the measured value of the amount of displacement in the Y-axis direction at the bottom of the main shaft and equation (2). It is a figure which shows the deviation
- FIG. 16 is a view corresponding to FIG. 13 in the third test.
- FIG. 17A is a view corresponding to FIG. 14A in the third test.
- FIG. 17B is a view corresponding to FIG. 14B in the third test.
- FIG. 18A is a view corresponding to FIG. 15A in the third test.
- FIG. 18B is a view corresponding to FIG. 15B in the third test.
- FIG. 19 is a view corresponding to FIG. 6, showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 shows a conventional example, and is a side view schematically showing a configuration of a machine tool main body.
- 11 and 41 are machine tool bodies
- 12 is a base
- 13 is a table
- 14 is a column
- 15 and 43 are spindle heads
- 16 is an XY movement mechanism
- 20 and 42 are spindles
- 22 is a tool
- 25 is control Equipment (displacement detection means, conversion means, correction means)
- 26 is a storage device (reference temperature storage means)
- 27 is an operation panel
- 28 to 36 are temperature sensors
- W is a workpiece
- P is a machining point.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an external configuration of a machine tool main body 11.
- the horizontal direction of the main body 11 is the X-axis direction
- the front-rear direction is the Y-axis direction
- the vertical direction is the Z-axis direction.
- Each axis is controlled based on the three-dimensional (XYZ) coordinate system unique to the device.
- the machine tool main body 11 includes a base 12, a table 13, a column 14, and a spindle head 15 as constituent parts, as shown in FIGS. 4A to 4E and FIG.
- the base 12 is installed on the floor of a factory, for example.
- the table 13 is provided on the front side of the base 12 and supports the workpiece W (see FIG. 4A and the like).
- the column 14 is provided on the rear side of the base 12 and extends upward through a known XY moving mechanism 16.
- the spindle head 15 is provided on the front side of the column 14.
- the XY movement mechanism 16 is an X-axis motor, both of which are servo motors. 17 and Y-axis motor 18 (shown only in Fig. 2).
- the column 14 is freely moved relative to the base 12 in the left-right (X-axis) and front-rear (coaxial) directions.
- the spindle head 15 is provided on the column 14 so as to be movable up and down.
- a vertical movement mechanism is provided for freely moving the spindle head 15 in the vertical (coaxial) direction.
- This up-and-down moving mechanism is composed of a vertical shaft motor 19 (shown only in FIG. 2) that also has a servo motor force, a known ball screw mechanism (not shown), and the like.
- the spindle head 15 is provided with a downward spindle 20.
- a spindle motor 21 (shown only in FIG. 2) composed of a servo motor for rotating the spindle 20.
- a tool 22 such as a drill or a tap is replaceably attached to the tip (lower end) of the main shaft 20.
- the column 14 is also provided with a tool changer for automatically changing the tool 22.
- the base 12 is made, for example, of pig iron, and the upper surface of the middle portion in the left-right direction is configured to be inclined downward as it is directed rearward.
- a jig (not shown) for supporting the workpiece W is set on the table 13. At the time of machining, the workpiece W is arranged on the rear side on the table 13. Further, this is not shown, but the main body 11 of the machine tool is surrounded by a splash cover.
- the main body 11 has a cutting water circulation mechanism in order to cool the tool 22 (processing point ⁇ ) and to wash away cutting waste generated during processing. It is provided.
- This cutting water circulation mechanism has a tank in which cutting water is stored, a cutting water circulation pump 24 (shown only in FIG. 2), piping, valves, and the like.
- the cutting water circulation mechanism discharges the cutting water pumped out from the tank, for example, toward the cutting processing location, flows the cutting water through the upper surface portion of the base 12 and returns it to the tank, and captures cutting waste in the tank portion. Then, it is configured to carry out circulation.
- a control device (NC device) 25 for controlling the main body 11 is attached to the main body 11 of the machine tool.
- the control device 25 may be provided integrally with the main body 11.
- This control device 25 is mainly composed of a microcomputer, and has a memory.
- Device 26 is provided.
- the storage device 26 stores an overall control program including a thermal displacement correction program described later. Furthermore, the storage device 26 stores various data including caloche data (NC program) and reference temperature data described later.
- the control device 25 controls the X-axis motor 17, the Y-axis motor 18, the Z-axis motor 19, and the main shaft motor 21 through a drive circuit (servo amplifier) (not shown). At the same time, the tool changer and the cutting water circulation mechanism (cutting water circulation pump 24) are also controlled. In addition, an operation signal from the operation panel 27 is input to the control circuit 25.
- the control device 25 attaches the necessary tool 22 to the spindle 20 based on machining data (NC program) input in advance. Then, the column 14 is positioned freely in the horizontal direction (X-axis and Y-axis directions) by the XY moving mechanism 16 with respect to the work W supported on the table 13. At the same time, while moving the spindle head 15 up and down in the Z-axis direction, the tool 22 (spindle 20) is rotated to act on a predetermined position (machining point P) of the workpiece W. As a result, machining operations such as drilling and cutting of the workpiece W are automatically performed. At this time, the control device 25 controls the cutting water circulation mechanism (cutting water circulation pump 24) to cool the tool 22 (processing point P), and to remove cutting waste generated during processing from the table 13 and the base 12 Wash from the top and begin to flow.
- NC program machining data
- the control device 25 due to its software configuration (execution of the thermal displacement correction program), is caused by thermal displacement such as thermal expansion of each component part of the main body 11 when performing the above-described machining operation.
- thermal displacement such as thermal expansion of each component part of the main body 11 when performing the above-described machining operation.
- the movement amount of each axis X-axis motor 17, Y-axis motor 18, Z-axis motor 19
- the thermal displacement correction method is executed.
- each component part constituting the main body 11 is located at a plurality of temperature measurement points having different degrees of temperature change, and the temperature sensor 28 is provided. ⁇ 36 are provided. Temperature measurement signals from these temperature sensors 28 to 36 are input to the control device 25. At this time, each temperature sensor 28-36 Parts In this case, the base 12, the column 14, and the spindle head 15 are provided on both the surface having a large temperature change and the surface having a relatively small temperature change located on the opposite side.
- the base 12 includes a temperature sensor 28 that measures the temperature (TB-UF) of the upper surface of the front side (table 13 side) of the base 12, and the bottom surface of the front side.
- the temperature sensor 29 measures the temperature (TB-B F), and the rear surface (column 14 side) top surface temperature (TB-UR) measures the temperature sensor 30, the rear bottom surface temperature (TB-BR)
- a temperature sensor 31 to measure is provided.
- the upper surface side of the base 12 has a large temperature change.
- the column 14 is provided with a temperature sensor 32 for measuring the temperature (TC-F) on the front side of the column 14 and a temperature sensor 33 for measuring the temperature (TC-B) on the rear side. Yes. In this case, the front side of the column 14 has a large temperature change.
- the spindle head 15 is provided with a temperature sensor 34 for measuring the temperature (TSP-U) on the upper surface side of the spindle head 15 and a temperature sensor 35 for measuring the temperature (TSP-D) on the lower surface side. ing. In this case, the upper surface side of the spindle head 15 has a large temperature change.
- the table 13 is provided with a temperature sensor 36 for measuring the temperature (TT) of the table 13.
- the control device 25 stores the initial temperature measured by the temperature sensors 28 to 36 at the same time in the storage device 26 as a reference temperature (TO). To do. Therefore, the storage device 26 functions as a reference temperature storage means. At this time, in the present embodiment, the value measured when the setting of the jig with respect to the machine tool body 11 before the start of the machining operation is completed is set as the reference temperature (TO).
- the control device 25 takes in the current measured temperature (T) of each of the temperature sensors 28 to 36 at an arbitrary time (when a correction command signal is present in the machining data (NC program)). Mu Each measured temperature (T) is compared with each reference temperature (TO) to determine the temperature change ( ⁇ ) at each temperature measurement location. Then, based on the temperature change ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ), the amount of thermal displacement of each component (base 12, table 13, column 14, spindle head 15) is obtained, and each axial direction at force point P is determined. Convert to displacement. The movement of each axis (position of spindle 20) is corrected according to the converted displacement.
- the control device 25 functions as a temperature difference detection means, a displacement amount detection means, a conversion means, and a correction means. [0039] At this time, in the present embodiment, the control device 25 determines (estimates) the thermal displacement amount of each component part by determining the thermal displacement amount of each component part. The thermal expansion is determined in consideration of both the thermal contraction and the warp caused by the difference in temperature rise.
- the displacement due to the longitudinal extension of the base 12, the tilt displacement due to the warp in the longitudinal direction of the base 12, the tilt displacement due to the warp in the vertical direction of the column 14, the tilt due to the warp in the vertical direction of the spindle head 15 The displacement amount, the displacement amount due to the longitudinal extension of the column 14, the spindle head 15 and the tape head 13 are obtained. From these sums, the amount of thermal displacement at each machining point P, especially the machining point P (spindle 20) in the Y-axis direction, is estimated.
- the thermal displacement is the force generated in the three directions of the X, Y and Z axes.
- the thermal expansion of each part is relative to the machining point P. Since it occurs symmetrically, there is almost no effect on machining accuracy at machining point P.
- the thermal displacement in the Z-axis direction the thermal expansion and contraction of the ball screw shaft due to the frictional heat of the ball screw mechanism for moving the spindle head 15 up and down is the largest.
- the thermal displacement correction method for correcting the thermal displacement in the Z-axis direction caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the ball screw is well known in the earlier application of the present applicant (for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-135653). Therefore, detailed explanation is omitted here.
- FIG. 5 shows a list of the presence or absence of displacement due to thermal expansion and contraction in the Y-axis direction and the displacement due to warpage of each component, and the direction of the displacement.
- the direction in which the distance between the spindle 20 and the table 13 increases is the plus (+) direction, and that direction is also used in the following explanation. is doing.
- FIG. 4A shows how the base 12 extends in the Y-axis direction due to thermal expansion. This expansion displacement occurs in a direction in which both the front side (table 13 side) and the rear side (column 14 side) are separated from each other with respect to the center Ob of the base 12 in the front-rear direction.
- Figure 4B shows how the base 12 warps deformed. In this case, since the thermal expansion is larger than the bottom surface side of the top surface of the base 12 having a large temperature change, the center side swells upward on the top surface side of the base 12 (as a result, the table 13 and the spindle 20 are inclined). Warping deformation occurs.
- FIG. 4C shows the state of warping deformation of the column 14.
- the thermal expansion of the front side of the column 14 having a large temperature change is larger than that of the rear side
- the upper side of the column 14 is tilted backward (and the main shaft 20 is tilted). Will occur.
- FIG. 4D shows the warp deformation of the spindle head 15.
- the thermal expansion of the upper surface side of the spindle head 15 having a large temperature change is larger than that of the lower surface side, the center side of the upper surface side of the spindle head 15 swells upward (the main shaft 20 tilts). Warp deformation occurs.
- FIG. 4E shows how the column 14, the spindle head 15, and the table 13 extend in the Y-axis direction due to thermal expansion.
- the expansion displacement of the column 14 and the spindle head 15 occurs so that the spindle 20 is displaced forward, and the rear end side (work W arrangement side) of the table 13 is displaced rearward.
- the displacement due to the warp of the table 13 is extremely small and can be ignored.
- the thermal displacement amount ⁇ in the Y-axis direction at the machining point P (main shaft 20) is the sum of the displacement amounts in the radial direction of the above-mentioned constituent parts, and can be obtained by the following equation.
- the displacement S can be calculated.
- the displacement S is calculated by using the temperature change from the reference temperature at each temperature measurement location, constants (partially variable) such as linear expansion coefficient and dimensions of each part, and parameters (correction coefficient) obtained in advance through experiments. It becomes possible to do.
- the expansion displacement can be obtained from the difference ⁇ between the measured temperature ( ⁇ ) at each temperature measurement location and the reference temperature (TO) at that location, and the linear expansion coefficient ⁇ .
- FIG. 6 shows dimensions of each part of the machine tool main body 11 used for this calculation.
- Base 12's total length in the ⁇ axis direction is L
- Base 12's center Y force in the Y axis direction is S-table
- the length up to the center in the axial direction is as S-column.
- the height of the front end of base 12 is H-base-F
- the height of the rear end is H_base_R.
- the height of table 13 is H_table
- the height of workpiece W (the height from the top surface of table 13 to machining point P) is H-work (a variable value).
- the height from column 14 (including XY movement mechanism 16) to the top surface of table 13 is H-column3, and the height from table 13 to the bottom edge of the main body of column 14 is H_column2
- the height of the main body is H_columnl
- the current Z-axis position of the spindle head 15 is Z-center (a variable value)
- the center Oc force in the Y-axis direction of the column 14 is L.
- the length from the front of column 14 to the center Os of the spindle 20 is L-SP
- the length from the center Os of the spindle 20 to the center Ot of the tape knob 13 is L-table.
- the height of the base of the spindle head 15 is set to H-SP-1, and the bottom surface force of the spindle head 15 is set to the Z-axis position.
- the height of the tool is H-SP-2 and the height of tool 22 is H-tool.
- H-work + H_tool + H-SP-2 Z-center + H_column2, where H-work and Z-center are variable values and the others are fixed values.
- the H-work value can be obtained from the current Z-center value and H-tool value.
- FIG. 7 shows inclination angles due to warping of each part of the machine tool main body 11 used for this calculation.
- the Y axis direction center line b of the base 12 is the reference line
- the inclination angle of the front end face of the base 12 is ⁇ -base-F
- the inclination angle of the rear end face of the base 12 is ⁇ -base-R.
- the tilt angle at the center Ot of the table 13 is ⁇ -table
- the angle at the center Oc of the column 14 is ⁇ -column.
- the reference temperatures measured and stored by the temperature sensors 28 to 36 are respectively TB-UF-0, TB-BF-0, TB-UR-0, TB-BR-0, It is expressed as TC-F-0, TC-B-0, TSP-U-0, TSP-D-0, or TT-0.
- the subscript “-0” is added after the measured temperature (T plus subscript) of each temperature sensor 28-36.
- a TBF (TB-BF)-(TB-BF-0).
- a TBR (TB-BR)-(TB-BR-0).
- [0-table] [i9-base-F] x (S-table) / (L / 2)
- [ ⁇ -base-S] sin— 1 ( ⁇ ( ⁇ TUE— ⁇ TBR) x (L / 2) / (H-base-E))
- the amount of tilt displacement due to the warp of the base 12 can be obtained by [ ⁇ b2-table] + [ ⁇ b2- column].
- the inclination [ ⁇ -column-U] at the front end face of column 14 can be obtained by the following equation.
- [ ⁇ -column-U] sin " 1 (People x ( ⁇ TC-F ⁇ TC-H)) x ((H- cohmnl) / ((L-column) x 2))
- the inclination [ ⁇ -sp] at the center of the spindle head 15 is as follows according to the Z-axis height.
- the inclination [ ⁇ -SP-U] of the center Os of the spindle 20 can be obtained by the following equation.
- [ ⁇ -SP-U] s i n -1 ( ⁇ (AT-SP-U-ATSP-D) x (L-SP) / (H-SP2))
- the displacement amount [ ⁇ sp] at the machining point P due to the warp of the spindle head 15 is obtained as follows. Ability to do S.
- [5SP] s in [ ⁇ -SP-U] x ((H-SP-2) + (H-tool))
- [ ⁇ -other] ⁇ X [(ATSP) X (L-SP) + (ATC-F) X (L-column)
- Displacement 5 [5 b l-table] + [ ⁇ bl- column] + [5 b2_table]
- the parameters ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1, / 31, 2 2, j32, ⁇ can be optimized relatively easily by using a well-known linear programming method called mathematical engineering.
- step S1 the initial temperature of each temperature measurement location is measured by the temperature sensors 28 to 36 at the same time.
- step S2 the temperature in the initial state when the setting of the jig with respect to the machine tool main body 11 before the machining operation is completed (before the machining operation is started) is measured.
- step S2 these measured temperatures are used as reference temperatures TB-UF-0 and TB-B.
- step S3 the machining program is activated.
- step S4 the processing program is interpreted for each block.
- a thermal displacement correction command is inserted at an appropriate position in the machining program.
- step S5 the presence / absence of a correction command signal is determined. If there is no correction command signal (No in step S5), it is determined in step S6 whether it is a program end code. In the case of a program end code, in this case (Step
- step S6 proceed to step S7 and the machining operation is executed.
- the process returns to step S4 and the next block is interpreted. If it is a program code (Yes in step S6), the process ends.
- step S8 each temperature sensor 28-36 Current temperature TB_UF, TB_BF, TB_UR, TB_BR, TC-F, TC-B, TSP_U, TSP_D, TT force S Measured.
- step S9 the temperature difference between the measured temperature and the stored reference temperature is calculated at each temperature measurement location.
- step S10 the current positioning machine coordinates (including the Z-center value) are read.
- step S11 tool length (H-tool) data is read.
- step S 12 the displacement amount ⁇ and hence the correction amount of the force point P is calculated using the above-described calculation formula (Equation (1) or (2)).
- step S13 the position in each axial direction is shifted so as to cancel the displacement amount ⁇ , and thus the thermal displacement is corrected.
- the correction in the axial direction is performed as described above, and at the same time, the thermal displacement in the Z-axis direction mainly due to the thermal expansion and contraction of the ball screw is also corrected.
- the machining operation is executed in step S7.
- the temperature of each component of the machine tool body 11 is measured by the plurality of temperature sensors 28-36.
- temperature sensors 28-35 are installed at multiple locations (both the surface where the temperature change is large and the surface located on the opposite side) where the degree of temperature change is different. I made it.
- the temperature of each component part It was possible to detect the degree of change more precisely, and to estimate (calculate) the amount of thermal displacement of each component in each axial direction, particularly in the Y-axis direction, with sufficient accuracy.
- the amount of thermal displacement of each constituent part is obtained in consideration of both the thermal expansion and thermal contraction of each constituent part and the warp caused by the difference in the degree of temperature rise. . Therefore, by targeting both thermal expansion and displacement caused by thermal contraction and warping, the amount of thermal displacement can be estimated more accurately, and the machining accuracy can be sufficiently increased by correction. .
- the initial temperature measured at the same time by the temperature sensors 28 to 36 is used as a reference temperature, and the thermal components of the constituent parts are thermally detected based on temperature changes at arbitrary points in time. The amount of displacement is obtained. Therefore, even if there is a slight error in the temperature measurement values of the temperature sensors 28 to 36, the error does not accumulate and no hysteresis remains.
- FIGS. 8A to 12B show the results in the first test.
- Figures 8 and 8 show that when cutting water flows on the top surface of the base 12, the cutting water is heated by a heater to gradually increase the temperature, and after 5 hours, the cutting water is stopped and left to cool. It shows how the temperature changes over time (separated into two figures for convenience).
- Fig. 9 shows the measured values of the displacement (axial direction) of each component at that time.
- an eddy current proximity sensor is used for the measurement of the displacement.
- Fig. 10 shows the measurement position of the measurement sensor in the test of Fig. 9.
- the circled numbers in the figure correspond to the circled numbers in Figure 9.
- Sensors for measurement are installed on the floor and measure changes in the distance between the upper and lower parts of the front side of the base 12 respectively. Further, it is installed on the table 13 so as to measure the change in the distance between the upper and lower parts of the front side of the spindle 20.
- the displacement amount in FIG. 9 is “ten” in the direction in which the distance from the measurement sensor increases (separates) and “-” in the direction in which the distance decreases (approaches).
- FIG. 11 shows measured values of the displacement (inclination) on the upper surface side of the front end surface of the base 12 with the passage of time and theoretical values (values obtained by the above-described calculation formula). The actual It can be understood that the amount of displacement and the value obtained by calculation are almost the same. In addition, the figure
- FIGS. 12A and 12B show measured values of displacement (inclination) and theoretical values (values obtained by the above-described calculation formulas) at the upper and lower parts of the spindle 20, respectively.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B also show the error between the measured value and the theoretical value. From these, it can be understood that the measured value of displacement and the theoretical value (estimated value) obtained by calculation are very close, and the error between them is close to zero.
- FIG. 13 to FIG. 15B show the results in the second test.
- the cutting water is heated by a heater and the temperature is gradually raised, and after 5 hours, the cutting water is stopped and left to cool.
- the room temperature of the room where the machine tool is installed is raised 5 degrees in 5 hours and then returned to the beginning, the operation is added.
- Figure 13 shows the changes in room temperature, cutting water temperature, and machine temperature (in the splash cover) over time.
- FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B show the measured values of the displacement amount in the Y-axis direction and the displacement in the Y-axis direction calculated by the above equation (1) at the upper and lower parts of the main shaft 20 at that time, respectively.
- the amount of deviation when the position of the spindle 20 is corrected by the amount. It can be understood that the displacement in the Y-axis direction can be canceled almost accurately by performing the correction.
- FIGS. 15A and 15B show the measured value of the displacement amount in the Y-axis direction at the upper and lower parts of the main shaft 20 and the displacement amount in the Y-axis direction calculated by the above equation (2), respectively. Shows the amount of deviation in the Y-axis direction when correction of the position of the spindle 20 is executed. It can be understood that a more accurate correction is made.
- FIGS. 16-18B show the results in the third test.
- the cutting water is heated by a heater and the temperature is gradually increased. After 5 hours, the cutting water is stopped and left to cool.
- the room temperature in the room where the machine tool is installed is moved up and down in the range of plus or minus 2 degrees.
- Figure 16 shows the changes in room temperature, cutting water temperature, and internal temperature (in the splash cover) over time.
- FIGS. 17A and 17B show the measured value of the displacement amount in the Y-axis direction at the upper and lower portions of the main shaft 20 at that time, and the above equation (1). Based on It shows the amount of deviation when the correction of the position of the axis 20 is executed. It can be understood that the displacement amount in the Y-axis direction can be canceled almost accurately by performing the correction. Further, FIGS. 18 and 18B show the correction of the position of the spindle 20 based on the measured value of the displacement amount in the Y-axis direction at the upper and lower parts of the spindle 20 and the above equation (2), respectively. It shows the amount of deviation when executed. It can be seen that a more accurate correction is made.
- FIG. 19 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, and only points different from the first embodiment will be described below.
- the main body 41 of the machine tool according to the present embodiment is a so-called horizontal type, and a spindle head 43 having a spindle 42 extending forward in the horizontal direction is provided on the front surface of the column 14.
- the left-right direction of the main body 41 is the X-axis direction
- the front-rear direction is the Z-axis direction
- the vertical direction is the Y-axis direction.
- the XY movement mechanism 16 of the first embodiment is an XZ movement mechanism 16.
- a vertical movement mechanism including a motor and a ball screw mechanism is provided for freely moving the spindle head 43 in the vertical (Y-axis) direction.
- the spindle head 43 is provided with a spindle motor 21 for rotating the spindle 42, and a tool 22 such as a drill or a tap is replaceably attached to the tip (front end) of the spindle 42. In this case, force is applied to the rear surface side of the work W supported on the table 13.
- the current Y-axis position of the spindle head 43 (the vertical height from the bottom surface of the column 14 body) is defined as Y-center (a value that varies depending on the current position).
- the length from the front of column 14 to the front of spindle head 43 is L-SP.
- the center Ot force in the direction of the Z axis of the tape cutter 13 is the length from the top of the table 13 to the tool 22 (machining point P) from the top of the tool 22 to L-work, and the height from the top of the table 13 to H-work ( Both values vary depending on the current position).
- the thermal displacement amount ⁇ in the Z-axis direction at the machining point P is a force that is the sum of the displacement amounts in the radial direction of the respective components.
- the inclination [ ⁇ -column-U] at the upper end surface of the column 14 can be obtained by the following equation.
- [ ⁇ -other] ⁇ X [(A TSP) X (L— SP) + (A TC-F) X (L-column) + ( ⁇ )) X (L-work)]
- each term may be multiplied by a correction coefficient (parameter).
- the amount of thermal displacement at the processing point P is estimated, and the movement amount of each axis is corrected so as to cancel the displacement. I tried to do it. At this time, it is possible to accurately estimate the amount of thermal displacement including the warpage of each component, and to obtain the same result that the machining accuracy can be sufficiently improved by the correction.
- the thermal warping deformation of each component is reflected in the correction of the longitudinal displacement of the machine tool body. You may make it consider the curvature of each structure part for the correction
- the timing for measuring the reference temperature (initial temperature) can also be changed, for example, when the machine tool is turned on.
- the stored reference temperature need not be updated so frequently. In some cases, such as when the room temperature has fluctuated significantly due to changes in seasons, it may not be desirable to use the standard temperature up to that point. Therefore, the user operates the operation panel 27 as a selection means to newly measure the reference temperature stored (registered) in the storage device 26 or to use the reference temperature stored last time as it is. It can be configured so that it can be selected according to. A more appropriate reference temperature can be adopted
- the machine tool and the displacement correction method of the machine tool according to the present invention estimate the thermal displacement amount at the machining point and correct the movement amount of each axis so as to cancel the displacement. Useful for.
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Abstract
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CN2006800104682A CN101151122B (zh) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-03-20 | 机床和修正机床的位移的方法 |
KR1020077024911A KR101248241B1 (ko) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-03-20 | 공작 기계 및 공작 기계의 변위 보정 방법 |
DE112006000774T DE112006000774B4 (de) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-03-20 | Werkzeugmaschine und Verfahren zur Korrektur eines Versatzes der Werkzeugmaschine |
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JP2005-099685 | 2005-03-30 | ||
JP2005099685A JP4760091B2 (ja) | 2005-03-30 | 2005-03-30 | 工作機械及び工作機械の変位補正方法 |
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JP (1) | JP4760091B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101248241B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101151122B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112006000774B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006109445A1 (ja) |
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EP4296808A1 (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-12-27 | Hexagon Technology Center GmbH | Temperature compensation for machine tools |
CN117047737B (zh) * | 2023-06-12 | 2024-01-12 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | 基于热膨胀原理的差动式六自由度并联微动平台 |
DE102023115430A1 (de) * | 2023-06-13 | 2024-12-19 | Icm - Institut Chemnitzer Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau E.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erfassung von Verformungen und/oder Verlagerungen von im Kraftfluss befindlicher Baugruppen einer umformenden Werkzeugmaschine |
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JP2003094290A (ja) * | 2001-09-26 | 2003-04-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 工作機械及びその熱変位補正方法 |
-
2005
- 2005-03-30 JP JP2005099685A patent/JP4760091B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-03-20 DE DE112006000774T patent/DE112006000774B4/de active Active
- 2006-03-20 CN CN2006800104682A patent/CN101151122B/zh active Active
- 2006-03-20 WO PCT/JP2006/305546 patent/WO2006109445A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-03-20 KR KR1020077024911A patent/KR101248241B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (1)
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JPH04135141A (ja) * | 1990-09-26 | 1992-05-08 | Yotaro Hatamura | 加工機械 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101221425B (zh) * | 2006-11-10 | 2011-09-14 | 东芝机械株式会社 | 五轴机床中用于斜向加工的位置保证系统 |
CN114502322A (zh) * | 2019-10-03 | 2022-05-13 | 芝浦机械株式会社 | 机床 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112006000774B4 (de) | 2013-09-26 |
JP4760091B2 (ja) | 2011-08-31 |
CN101151122B (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
CN101151122A (zh) | 2008-03-26 |
DE112006000774T5 (de) | 2008-01-24 |
KR101248241B1 (ko) | 2013-03-27 |
KR20070118666A (ko) | 2007-12-17 |
JP2006272539A (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
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