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US7010001B2 - Method and apparatus for supporting adaptive multi-rate (AMR) data in a CDMA communication system - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for supporting adaptive multi-rate (AMR) data in a CDMA communication system Download PDF

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US7010001B2
US7010001B2 US09/755,843 US75584301A US7010001B2 US 7010001 B2 US7010001 B2 US 7010001B2 US 75584301 A US75584301 A US 75584301A US 7010001 B2 US7010001 B2 US 7010001B2
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frame
bits
sid
data
amr
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US20020006138A1 (en
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Joseph P. Odenwalder
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Priority to EP01900973A priority patent/EP1247371B1/en
Priority to AT01900973T priority patent/ATE408939T1/de
Priority to PCT/US2001/000706 priority patent/WO2001052467A1/en
Priority to BR0107489-0A priority patent/BR0107489A/pt
Priority to KR1020027008846A priority patent/KR100711891B1/ko
Priority to CNB018062326A priority patent/CN100342681C/zh
Priority to AU2001226377A priority patent/AU2001226377A1/en
Priority to DE60135826T priority patent/DE60135826D1/de
Priority to JP2001552569A priority patent/JP2004500765A/ja
Assigned to QUALCOMM INCORPORATED A DELEWARE CORPORATION reassignment QUALCOMM INCORPORATED A DELEWARE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ODENWALDER, JOSEPH P.
Publication of US20020006138A1 publication Critical patent/US20020006138A1/en
Priority to HK04104610A priority patent/HK1061764A1/xx
Priority to US11/266,623 priority patent/US7746832B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0025—Transmission of mode-switching indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0006—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0014—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the source coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0036—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff arrangements specific to the receiver
    • H04L1/0038—Blind format detection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H04L1/0046—Code rate detection or code type detection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0061—Error detection codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0075—Transmission of coding parameters to receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0059—Convolutional codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0067—Rate matching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0072—Error control for data other than payload data, e.g. control data

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to data communication. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel and improved method and apparatus for supporting the adaptive multi-rate (AMR) speech codec data in a cdma2000communication system.
  • AMR adaptive multi-rate
  • Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication such as voice, data, and so on. These systems may be based on code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), or some other modulation techniques.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • a CDMA system provides certain advantages over other types of system, including increased system capacity.
  • a system may be designed to support one or more standards such as (1) the “TIA/EIA/IS-95-B Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System” (the IS-95 standard), (2) the standard offered by a consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP) and embodied in a set of documents including Document Nos. 3G TS 25.211, 3G TS 25.212, 3G TS 25.213, and 3G TS 25.214 (the W-CDMA standard), (3) the standard offered by a consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2) and TR-45.5 (the cdma2000 standard, formerly called IS-2000 MC), or (4) some other standard. These standards are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Each standard specifically defines the processing of data for transmission on the forward and reverse links.
  • speech information may be coded at a particular data rate, formatted into a defined frame format, and processed (e.g., error correction and/or detection encoded, interleaved, and so on) in accordance with a particular processing scheme.
  • the frame formats and processing defined by a particular standard e.g., cdma2000 standard
  • W-CDMA standard W-CDMA standard
  • the W-CDMA standard defines an Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech coding scheme whereby speech information may be encoded based on one of a number of possible data rates and the coded speech data is provided in a particular format that depends on the selected data rate.
  • AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate
  • the present invention provides techniques to support adaptive multi-rate (AMR) coded data in a cdma2000 communication system.
  • a number of AMR modes are defined for speech information, silence descriptor (SID), and blank frame, as described in further detail below.
  • the AMR modes for speech information support a number of AMR speech data rates (e.g., as defined by the AMR standard identified below).
  • the AMR modes for SID data support a number of types of SID.
  • the speech and SID data are provided in 20 msec frames.
  • the AMR modes are supported by a number of radio configurations on the forward and reverse links using the flexible rate feature supported by the cdma2000 standard.
  • a 12-bit CRC is selected for AMR speech frames and an 8-bit CRC is selected for SID frames. These CRC selections provide good performance while minimizing the number of overhead bits used for each frame.
  • the AMR data and CRC bits are further coded with a convolutional encoder having a particular code rate, as defined for the radio configurations by the cdma2000 standard.
  • blind rate detection is used to detect the frame rate of received AMR frames.
  • each received frame is decoded based on a number of hypotheses, with each hypothesis associated with a particular set of decoding parameter values used to decode the received frame.
  • the number of bits provided to the CRC generator is different for each of the possible blind rates to be detected (i.e., each of the AMR modes desired to be detected separately). If two or more blind rates have the same number of bits, then additional overhead (format) bits are provided to distinguish between these rates.
  • the invention further provides methods and system elements that implement various aspects, embodiments, and features of the invention, as described in further detail below.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a spread spectrum communication system that supports a number of users
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the processing for an AMR data transmission in accordance with the W-CDMA standard
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the processing for an AMR data transmission in accordance with the cdma2000 standard
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams showing the frame formats for the supported AMR modes for the forward and reverse links, respectively.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a receiving unit capable of processing an AMR frame.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a spread spectrum communication system 100 that supports a number of users.
  • System 100 provides communication for a number of cells, with each cell being serviced by a corresponding base station 104 .
  • Various remote terminals 106 are dispersed throughout the system. Each remote terminal 106 may communicate with one or more base stations 104 on the forward and reverse links at any particular moment, depending on whether or not the remote terminal is active and whether or not it is in soft handoff.
  • base station 104 a communicates with remote terminals 106 a , 106 b , 106 c , and 106 d
  • base station 104 b communicates with remote terminals 106 d , 106 e , and 106 f.
  • a system controller 102 couples to base stations 104 and may further couple to a public switched telephone network (PSTN).
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • System controller 102 provides coordination and control for the base stations coupled to it.
  • System controller 102 further controls, via base stations 104 , the routing of telephone calls among remote terminals 106 , and between remote terminals 106 and the users coupled to PSTN (e.g., conventional telephones).
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • System controller 102 is also referred to as a base station controller (BSC).
  • BSC base station controller
  • System 100 may be designed to conform to the cdma2000 standard, the W-CDMA standard, some other standard, or a combination thereof.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the processing for an AMR data transmission in accordance with the W-CDMA standard.
  • An adaptive multi-rate (AMR) speech coder 212 receives and codes a speech signal and provides coded speech data that is grouped into three classes labeled as Class A, Class B, and Class C. Class A bits are the most important bits, Class B bits are the next most important, and Class C bits are the least important. Because of the designated difference in importance, the bits for each class are transmitted via a different “transport” channel capable of providing different processing (e.g., error correction and detection coding, rate matching, and so on), which may be selected to be commensurate with the level of importance of the class.
  • different “transport” channel capable of providing different processing (e.g., error correction and detection coding, rate matching, and so on), which may be selected to be commensurate with the level of importance of the class.
  • convolutional encoding and cyclic redundancy check may be employed for Class A bits, convolutional encoding but no CRC may be employed for Class B bits, and no convolutional encoding or CRC may be employed for Class C bits.
  • Class A bits are CRC coded (block 222 a ), convolutionally encoded (block 224 a ), rate matched (block 226 a ), and interleaved (block 228 a ) within a transport channel processor 220 a .
  • Class B bits are convolutionally encoded (block 224 b ), rate matched (block 226 b ), and interleaved (block 228 b ) within a transport channel processor 220 b .
  • Class C bits are rate matched (block 226 c ) and interleaved (block 228 c ) within a transport channel processor 220 c .
  • the processed bits from transport channel processors 220 a through 220 c are then multiplexed into a coded composite transport channel (CCTrCH) by a transport channel multiplexer 230 , and the CCTrCH is further demultiplexed into one or more physical channel streams by a physical channel demultiplexer 232 .
  • CCTrCH coded composite transport channel
  • Each (20 msec) frame on each physical channel stream is further interleaved (block 234 ), and the resultant data stream comprises the data for the physical channel.
  • AMR coder 212 may be designed to conform to the “ETSI EN 301 704 Digital Cellular Telecommunications System; Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Speech Transcoding” (the AMR standard).
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the processing for an AMR data transmission in accordance with the cdma2000 standard.
  • An adaptive multi-rate (AMR) speech coder 312 receives and codes a speech signal and provides coded speech data that is grouped into three classes labeled as Class A, Class B, and Class C.
  • AMR coder 312 may also be designed to conform to the aforementioned AMR standard.
  • the three classes of bits are provided to a concatenation unit 321 that forms data blocks, with each data block being transmitted in a frame and having a combination of bits from Class A, Class B, and possibly Class C.
  • Each data block is then CRC coded (block 322 ), formatted (block 323 ), convolutionally encoded (block 324 ), rate matched (block 326 ), and interleaved (block 328 ).
  • the resultant data stream comprises the data for a traffic channel (e.g., a fundamental or supplemental channel in the cdma2000 system).
  • FIG. 3 shows an implementation for supporting AMR speech data in the cdma2000 system.
  • the Class A, B, and C bits are treated as Class A bits (the most reliable bits), and error-correcting coding and CRC are provided for all three classes of bits.
  • Class A bits the most reliable bits
  • error-correcting coding and CRC are provided for all three classes of bits.
  • a single tailed-off convolutional encoder is also used for all bits in the frame.
  • the CRC coding in block 322 generates a number of CRC bits (e.g., an 8-bit or 12-bit CRC value) for each received data block based on a particular generator polynomial.
  • the number of CRC bits to be included with each data block is selected to provide a high likelihood of correctly detecting whether or not a frame has been received in error, while minimizing the number of overhead bits.
  • an 8-bit CRC value is employed for lower rate frames (e.g., having 80 data bits or less), and a 12-bit CRC value is employed for higher rate frames (e.g., having up to 267 data bits).
  • CRC values of other lengths may also be used and are within the scope of the invention.
  • other types of frame quality indicator may also be used instead of CRC, and this is also within the scope of the invention.
  • Other types of frame quality indicator that may be used include decoder metrics, re-encoded symbol error rate, and others.
  • the frame formatting in block 323 generates a data frame of a defined format.
  • additional overhead bits may be added with the data bits such that the frames for these modes have a particular fixed length (e.g., 43 bits), as described in further detail below.
  • a number of encoder tail bits e.g., 8 bits of zeros
  • tail bits are appended to the end of each data block. These tail bits are used to flush the convolutional encoder to a known state (all zeros) at end of each data block, so that the encoding of the next data block starts from the known state.
  • the rate matching in block 326 may be achieved by repeating each bit in a frame N times (wherein N may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or some other value) and puncturing (i.e., deleting) zero or some of the bits in accordance with a particular puncturing pattern.
  • the puncturing pattern may be generated based on a particular algorithm.
  • the puncturing may be achieved as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,734, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PUNCTURING CODE SYMBOLS IN A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM,” issued Feb. 10, 2004, assigned to the assignee of the present application and incorporated herein by reference.
  • Table 1 lists the AMR modes specified by the W-CDMA standard, and the number of bits for Classes A, B, and C for each AMR mode.
  • the classification of the bits into three classes, the number of bits for each class, and/or the total number of bits for each data block may be different from those listed in Table 1.
  • AMR modes 0 through 7 are assigned to eight different AMR speech data rates ranging from 4.75 kbps to 12.2 kbps.
  • AMR modes 8 through 11 are used for sending different types of silence descriptor (SID) information.
  • AMR modes 12 – 14 are reserved for future use, and AMR mode 15 represents no data transmission.
  • the total number of bits in a frame ranges from 1 to 244.
  • the reverse link (RL) speech rate bits in the last column of Table 1 are used to specify the reverse link rate, and are only needed for a forward link frame.
  • the frames for the four types of SID are designed to have the same length (e.g., 46 bits for the forward link and 43 bits for the reverse link).
  • the same frame length allows for easy detection of SID frames from other frame types.
  • the length of the SID frames is determined based on the most number of data bits to be transmitted for a SID (i.e., 42 bits, for AMR mode 9 ) and a sufficient number of additional format bits (e.g., one bit) to identify and distinguish the four SID types.
  • Table 2 lists a specific definition of the format bits for the four SID types for forward link.
  • a maximum rate indicator (MR) bit denotes whether or not the SID frame is for AMR mode 9 . If the SID frame is not for AMR mode 9 , then two additional format bits are used for the mode indicator (MI), which identify the SID frame as either AMR mode 8 , 10 , or 11 . The remaining bits not used for SID data or as format bits are reserved, as shown in Table 2.
  • MR maximum rate indicator
  • Table 3 lists a specific definition of the format bits for the four SID types for the reverse link.
  • the max rate indicator (MR) bit and mode indicator (MI) bits are defined the same as for the forward link. However, 43 bits are included in each SID frame since the three reverse link rate bits are not required for the reverse link SID frame.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the frame formats for the supported AMR modes on the forward link.
  • the frames for AMR modes 0 through 5 include a number of Class A bits and a number of Class B bits, with the specific number of bits in each class being dependent on the particular AMR mode.
  • the frames for AMR modes 6 and 7 include a number of bits for Class A, B, and C, again with the specific number of bits in each class being dependent on the particular AMR mode. For each frame, the left-most bits are sent first.
  • the frames for AMR modes 8 through 11 include the SID data and the maximum rate indicator (MR) bit, and may further include the mode indicator (MI) bits and reserve bits, as shown in FIG. 4 and Table 2.
  • the frame for AMR mode 15 includes one reserved bit.
  • the forward link frame for each AMR mode further includes three reverse link speech rate bits.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the frame formats for the supported AMR modes on the reverse link.
  • the frames for AMR modes 0 through 11 on the reverse link have the same format as the corresponding frames on the forward link, minus the three reverse link speed rate bits.
  • the frame for AMR mode 15 includes four reserve bits.
  • blind rate detection is used to detect the transmitted frames for the supported AMR modes.
  • each received frame is decoded based on a number of hypotheses, with each hypothesis associated with a particular set of decoding parameter values used to decode the received frame. For example, a hypothesis may hypothesize a particular data rate, code rate, and so on, used at the transmitting source for the received frame.
  • the hypothesis that yields the best quality metric e.g., a CRC checked frame
  • the frame decoded based on this hypothesis is selected as the transmitted frame.
  • the number of bits provided to the CRC generator should be different for each of the possible blind rates to be detected (i.e., each of the AMR modes desired to be detected separately). If two or more blind rates have the same number of bits, then additional overhead bits are needed to distinguish between these rates.
  • the AMR modes listed in Table 1 may be supported, for example, by six different frame rates. These six frame rates may include four frame rates used for speech data (AMR mode 0 through 7 ), one frame rate used for silence descriptor (SID) (AMR modes 8 through 11 ), and one frame rate used for no transmission (AMR mode 15 ).
  • the frames for the four types of SID may be defined to have the same length (e.g., 43 bits) and thus share the same frame rate.
  • blind rate detection is only able to determine whether or not a received frame is a SID frame.
  • One or more additional format bits are included in each SID frame to allow for identification of the particular SID type, as described above in Tables 2 and 3. The use of blind rate detection obviates the need to send overhead bits in each frame to identify the particular AMR mode being used.
  • voice and packet data may be transmitted on one or more traffic channels over the forward and reverse links.
  • a traffic channel is akin to a physical channel in the W-CDMA system.
  • voice data is typically transmitted over a fundamental channel (FCH)
  • traffic data is typically transmitted over a supplemental channel (SCH)
  • signaling may be transmitted over a dedicated control channel (DCCH).
  • FCH fundamental channel
  • SCH supplemental channel
  • DCCH dedicated control channel
  • the FCH, DCCH, and SCH are different types of traffic channel.
  • a remote terminal is also typically assigned a FCH or DCCH.
  • each assigned traffic channel is associated with a particular radio configuration (RC) that defines the traffic channel's characteristics. These characteristics may be defined by various physical layer parameters such as the (convolutional or Turbo) code rate (R), the modulation characteristics, the spreading rate (SR), and so on.
  • R convolutional or Turbo
  • SR spreading rate
  • Each radio configuration further supports up to ten different data rates ranging from 1.5 Kbps to 1.0368 Mbps, which correspond to 30 to 20,736 bits per 20 msec frame.
  • the radio configurations also support flexible rates whereby data may be transmitted at data rates ranging from 750 bps to 1.0368 Mbps.
  • Table 4 lists the radio configurations and the associated parameter values for some of the flexible data rates for the forward fundamental channel, as defined by the cdma2000 standard.
  • the data rates listed in Table 4 may be used to support the AMR modes listed in Table 1.
  • Table 5 lists the code rate and interleaver size for radio configurations 3 through 9 for the forward link, as defined by the cdma2000 standard.
  • the AMR modes listed in Table 1 supported by a number of radio configurations on the forward and reverse links using the flexible rate feature supported by the cdma2000 standard.
  • a 12-bit CRC is selected for AMR speech frames (AMR modes 0 through 7 ) and an 8-bit CRC is selected for SID frames (AMR modes 8 through 11 ). These CRC selections provide good performance while minimizing the number of overhead bits used for each frame.
  • Tables 6 through 12 show an embodiment for supporting the AMR modes listed in Table 1 using radio configurations 3 through 9 , respectively, for the forward link.
  • the number of information bits (column 2 ) for the AMR speech frames (AMR modes 0 through 7 ) is the sum of the Class A, B, and C bits and the three RL speech rate bits.
  • the number of information bits for each SID frame is the sum of the SID bits, the format bits, and the three RL speech rate bits.
  • the encoder input (column 5 ) includes the total information bits from column 2 plus the 8 or 12 CRC bits (column 3 ) and the 8 tail bits (column 4 ).
  • the code rate is defined by the cdma2000 standard.
  • radio configurations 3 , 4 , 6 , and 7 the two highest AMR rates in modes 6 and 7 are not supported. These radio configurations are based on Rate Set 1 (9.6 kbps) where the maximum number of information bits per frame is 172 for the fundamental channel. To accommodate the higher AMR rates, a radio configuration based on Rate Set 2 (14.4 kbps), which provides up to 268 information bits per frame, can be used.
  • Radio configurations 3 and 5 use a rate 1 ⁇ 4 encoder with a 768-symbol interleaver. However, radio configuration 5 supports up to 268 information bits per fundamental channel frame while radio configuration 3 only supports up to 172 information bits.
  • the flexible rate parameters are the same for radio configurations 3 and 5 for the lower rate AMR modes, but radio configuration 5 is able to support all AMR modes listed in Table 1. Thus, for most AMR applications, radio configuration 5 may be used instead of radio configuration 3 .
  • Table 13 lists the radio configurations and the associate parameter values for some of the flexible data rates for the reverse fundamental channel, as defined by the cdma2000 standard.
  • the flexible data rates listed in Table 13 may be used to support the AMR modes listed in Table 1.
  • Radio configurations 3 through 6 on the reverse link utilize a rate 1 ⁇ 4 encoder and a 1536-symbol interleaver.
  • Table 14 shows an embodiment for supporting the AMR modes using radio configuration 4 or 6 for the reverse link.
  • the number of information bits (column 2 ) for the AMR speech frames (AMR modes 0 through 7 ) is the sum of the Class A, B, and C bits.
  • the number of information bits for each SID frame is the sum of the SID bits and the format bits.
  • the encoder input (column 5 ) includes the total information bits from column 2 , the 8 or 12 CRC bits (column 3 ), and the 8 tail bits (column 4 ).
  • code rate 1 ⁇ 4 four code bits are generated for each information bit, and the number of bits at the encoder output (column 6 ) is four times the number of bits provided to the encoder input.
  • the interleaver size (column 7 ) is defined by the cdma2000 standard.
  • Table 14 provides an implementation to support AMR data using radio configurations 4 and 6 , which are based on Rate Set 2 (14.4 kbps). If radio configurations 3 and 5 , which are based on Rate Set 1 (9.6 kbps), are used, the parameters would be the same as shown in Table 14 for radio configurations 4 and 6 , with the exception that the two highest AMR rates for AMR modes 6 and 7 would not be supported. Thus, radio configuration 4 or 6 should be used instead of radio configurations 3 and 5 .
  • signaling information associated with the AMR data may be sent (1) on a dedicated control channel (DCCH), (2) as a blank-and-burst frame on the traffic channel used to send the AMR data, or (3) via some other signaling mechanism.
  • DCCH dedicated control channel
  • signaling information for the AMR data is not sent as a “dim-and-burst” frame on the traffic channel.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a receiving unit 600 capable of processing an AMR frame.
  • a demodulator (DEMOD) 612 receives and demodulates (e.g., despreads, decovers, and pilot demodulates) the samples from a preceding unit and provides demodulated frames.
  • a multi-rate decoder 614 receives and decodes each demodulated frame in accordance with a set of rate hypotheses. Each rate hypothesis corresponds to a particular hypothesized rate for the received frame, and is associated with a particular set of processing (e.g., CRC, encoding, and interleaving) parameter values used for that rate.
  • CRC channel resource control
  • decoder 614 For each rate hypothesis, decoder 614 performs error-correction decoding and provides a decoded frame to a respective buffer 616 . As shown in FIG. 6 , a number of buffers 616 a through 616 f are provided for a number of blind rates. For example, six buffers are used for the six blind rates to be detected for the AMR modes listed in Table 1, as noted above. Fewer or additional hypotheses for other blind rates may also be supported and are within the scope of the invention.
  • a rate detector 620 receives the decoded frames from buffers 616 and selects one of the decoded frames as the transmitted frame.
  • rate detector 620 includes a CRC checker 622 , a symbol error rate (SER) detector 624 , a Yamamoto metric detector 626 , a decoder metric detector 628 , and a header checker 630 .
  • SER symbol error rate
  • Rate detector 620 may be implemented with only a subset of these checkers and detectors, or may employ different or additional checkers and detectors.
  • CRC checker 622 locally generates a CRC value for the data block in each decoded frame, and determines whether or not the locally generated CRC value matches the CRC value in the decoded frame. This CRC check is performed for the decoded frames for all rate hypotheses.
  • CRC checker 622 provides a number of check bits (e.g., C 1 , C 2 , and so on), one check bit for each of the possible blind rates being detected.
  • SER detector 624 receives the decoded bits from buffers 616 and an estimate of the received symbols via a line 618 . SER detector 624 then re-encodes the decoded bits, compares the re-encoded symbols to the received symbols, counts the number of discrepancies between the re-encoded symbols and the received symbols, and provides a symbol error rate (SER) indicative of the number of discrepancies.
  • SER detector 624 provides a number of SER values (e.g., SER 1 , SER 2 , and so on), one SER value for each of the possible blind rates being detected.
  • the SER values for different frame rates are typically normalized to account for the difference in the number of symbols per frame.
  • the SER values may be used, in addition to the CRC bits, to determine the rate and integrity of the current frame.
  • Yamamoto metric detector 626 provides a confidence metric based on a difference between the selected path through a trellis and the next closest path through the trellis. While the CRC check is dependent on the bits in each of the decoded frames, the Yamamoto check is dependent on the frame processing prior to the decoding. Yamamoto detector 626 provides a number of Yamamoto values (e.g., Y 1 , Y 2 , and so on), one Yamamoto value for each of the possible blind rates being detected.
  • Decoder metric detector 628 provides a metric indicative of the confidence of the decoded frames, such as the Viterbi decoder metric for the selected decoder trellis output path.
  • Rate detector 620 receives the CRC check bits from CRC checker 622 , the SER values from SER detector 624 , and the Yamamoto values from the Yamamoto detector 626 . Rate detector 620 then determines which one of the possible rates is the actual rate of the received frame. Rate detector 620 employs a particular rate determination algorithm that weighs the results from the CRC check, SER detection, Yamamoto detection, or a combination thereof, and provides an estimate of the received frame rate based on these results. Once the rate of the received frame is determined, rate detector 620 provides a signal to the proper buffer 616 to provide the decoded frame, which may be further processed.
  • No frame may be provided if an erasure is declared (e.g., all CRC checks failed for the received frame), and the frame is deemed as being received in error.
  • rate detector 620 may provide a signal indicative of a frame erasure if an erasure is declared.
  • header checker 630 checks the format bits to determine which type of SID has been received. Header checker 630 may also provide a signal indicative of the particular SID type detected.
  • Decoder 614 may be implemented as a multi-rate Viterbi decoder described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,710,784, entitled “MULTIRATE SERIAL VITERBI DECODER FOR CDMA SYSTEM APPLICATIONS.” Techniques for performing blind rate detection are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,751,725, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE RATE OF RECEIVED DATA IN A VARIABLE RATE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM,” U.S. Pat. No. 5,774,496, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING DATA RATE OF TRANSMITTED VARIABLE RATE DATA IN A COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVER,” and U.S. Pat.
  • the processing units in the transmitting source may be implemented by various means.
  • demodulator 612 , decoder 614 , and rate detector 620 in FIG. 6 may be implemented with hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • the processing units may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • PLDs programmable logic devices
  • controllers micro-controllers
  • microprocessors other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
  • these processing units may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein.
  • modules e.g., procedures, functions, and so on
  • the decoding, CRC check, SER detection, Yamamoto detection, blind rate determination, and/or other functions may be implemented with software code stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor.

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US09/755,843 US7010001B2 (en) 2000-01-10 2001-01-05 Method and apparatus for supporting adaptive multi-rate (AMR) data in a CDMA communication system
AU2001226377A AU2001226377A1 (en) 2000-01-10 2001-01-09 Method and apparatus for supporting adaptive multi-rate (amr) data in a cdma communication system
PCT/US2001/000706 WO2001052467A1 (en) 2000-01-10 2001-01-09 Method and apparatus for supporting adaptive multi-rate (amr) data in a cdma communication system
BR0107489-0A BR0107489A (pt) 2000-01-10 2001-01-09 Método e equipamento para suportar dados em múltiplas taxas adaptáveis (amr) em um sistema de comunicação cdma
KR1020027008846A KR100711891B1 (ko) 2000-01-10 2001-01-09 Ｃｄｍａ 통신 시스템에서 적응형 다중-속도(ａｍｒ)데이터를 지원하기 위한 방법 및 장치
CNB018062326A CN100342681C (zh) 2000-01-10 2001-01-09 Cdma通信系统中支持自适应多速率数据的方法和设备
EP01900973A EP1247371B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2001-01-09 Method and apparatus for supporting adaptive multi-rate (amr) data in a cdma communication system
DE60135826T DE60135826D1 (de) 2000-01-10 2001-01-09 Verfahren und gerät zur unterstützung von adaptiver mehrraten-datenübertragung in einem cdma nachrichtenübertragungssystem
JP2001552569A JP2004500765A (ja) 2000-01-10 2001-01-09 Ｃｄｍａ通信システムにおいて適応マルチレート（ａｍｒ）データをサポートする方法および装置
AT01900973T ATE408939T1 (de) 2000-01-10 2001-01-09 Verfahren und gerät zur unterstützung von adaptiver mehrraten-datenübertragung in einem cdma nachrichtenübertragungssystem
HK04104610A HK1061764A1 (en) 2000-01-10 2004-06-28 Method and apparatus for supporting adaptive multi-rate (amr) data in a cdma communication system
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JP2004500765A (ja) 2004-01-08
KR20020068394A (ko) 2002-08-27
HK1061764A1 (en) 2004-09-30
EP1247371A1 (en) 2002-10-09
CN100342681C (zh) 2007-10-10
BR0107489A (pt) 2004-04-27
CN1483257A (zh) 2004-03-17
KR100711891B1 (ko) 2007-04-25
ATE408939T1 (de) 2008-10-15
DE60135826D1 (de) 2008-10-30
WO2001052467A1 (en) 2001-07-19
EP1247371B1 (en) 2008-09-17
AU2001226377A1 (en) 2001-07-24

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