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US4259903A - Circuit arrangement for synchronizing the times of occurrence of the print hammer impact with the arrival of the print type at the print position - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement for synchronizing the times of occurrence of the print hammer impact with the arrival of the print type at the print position Download PDF

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Publication number
US4259903A
US4259903A US06/095,808 US9580879A US4259903A US 4259903 A US4259903 A US 4259903A US 9580879 A US9580879 A US 9580879A US 4259903 A US4259903 A US 4259903A
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Prior art keywords
print
voltage
accordance
circuit
sub
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US06/095,808
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English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Arendt
Werner Hasler
Karl-Heinz Schaller
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J9/00—Hammer-impression mechanisms
    • B41J9/44—Control for hammer-impression mechanisms
    • B41J9/52—Control for hammer-impression mechanisms for checking the operation of print hammers

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a circuit arrangement for synchronizing the impact time of print hammers in an on-the-fly type printer, in particular line printers, with the time of occurrence of a print type to be printed at the desired print position, with means for respectively detecting and determining deviations of operating parameters, such as, for example, the supply voltage and the temperature of the print hammer magnets.
  • print type carriers such as, for example, print chains, print drums, print belts, and the like, which pass type impact positions or print positions at high speed
  • the print time has to be strictly adhered to down to about 40 microseconds, in order to generate a print at the correct position, i.e., in order to avoid that parts of a character are not printed.
  • the time, duration, and energy of the impact primarily determine the quality of print and the print image, respectively.
  • the print quality i.e., the accurate synchronization of the impact time of the print hammer and the print type at the print position, is influenced by quite a number of partly independent, variable parameters, of which only the most important will be described briefly below.
  • the load imposed by the actuation of up to eight print hammer magnets affects the voltage available at each actuated print hammer. Equally of influence is not only the changing ambient temperature but also the heating up of the current carrying print hammer magnets.
  • the speed of the print type carrier as such is determined by a synchronous motor and thus is initially dependent upon the frequency constancy of the mains. Actuation of one or several print hammers decelerates the belt each time to a higher or lower degree, so that it has to be reaccelerated.
  • the permeability of the cores of the print hammer magnets is not only similarly temperature dependent but may deviate within admissible manufacturing tolerances. The same holds for the print type carrier. In addition, humidity and atmospheric pressure exert an influence.
  • ⁇ T is the temperature of the print hammer magnets
  • ⁇ V is the voltage of the print hammer magnets
  • ⁇ A is a value dependent upon the print activity, which is determined by the discharging effected in the periods in which there is no printing and by the charging of a charge storage effected during printing, and
  • K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , and K 6 are device specific coefficients and that the control voltage ( ⁇ DLY) thus determined serves as a control voltage for a voltage-controlled delay element interconnected between the trigger pulse generator and the print hammer control logic.
  • the arrangement is substantially improved in that for the additional detection of the number of copies to be made and for the determination of the impression force required therefor, the parameters determined are combined in accordance with the relation
  • ⁇ I is the impact force
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram explaining the problem posed
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified basic circuit diagram of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram explaining the invention in detail
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic partial view of the temperature sensing bar
  • FIGS. 5-8 show details of the circuit blocks illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 1 is a purely schematic view of the path of the type belt versus time, the individual types being shown equidistantly in this case, although such an arrangement is not absolutely necessary. Also shown is a print position with the so-called print window WP, i.e., the position at which at a particular time the print type arranged on the type belt and the print hammer impacting the type belt must coincide. Up to that point, the print hammer during its flight has covered a particular distance in a particular time.
  • the trigger pulse is shown purely schematically. This pulse is sensed at the type belt. Also recognizable is the trigger time for the print hammer and the switching time THO of the print hammer magnets which roughly coincides with the acceleration time.
  • Accurate printing of the character to be printed is dependent upon the accurate alignment of the impact point of the print hammer relative to the print type arranged on the type belt, or, in other words, the synchronization in time of the point of impact of the print hammer and the time of occurrence of the print type to be printed in the print position. It is pointed out in this connection that the width WP of the print window is about 2.54 mm and that the speed of the type belt is about 2.8 m per second. On the basis of these values there is computed the maximum deviation in time of about 60 microseconds, which is permissible without individual parts of a character to be printed being cut off.
  • FIG. 2 shows purely schematically the essential parts of a type printer 1 with a print type belt 2 which in this case is a metal belt out of which the individual print types are etched.
  • a print type belt 2 which in this case is a metal belt out of which the individual print types are etched.
  • the marks 3 serving as position information for the timer.
  • these marks are sensed by a sense element 4.
  • this sense element is adjustable relative to the marks to be sensed.
  • magnetically sensed marks and a magnetic sense element are provided.
  • the timing pulses which are sensed by the sense element 4 and which are also referred to as trigger pulses, are fed to a trigger pulse amplifier 5, the output signals of which can be applied uncompensated to a print hammer logic 7 to which the data and the print control signals are transferred and which subsequently, in accordance with the information to be printed, causes the type belt 2 to be impacted by means of the 132 print hammer magnets 8, thus generating a print on a record carrier.
  • a variable time delay 6 is provided which is controlled by a control signal VS.
  • a voltage source 9 for the print hammer magnets is shown purely schematically.
  • This voltage source supplies the print hammer supply voltage which, depending upon the load imposed by the number of actuated print hammers, may vary between 34.5 V and 30.5 V. Also provided is a temperature sensor 10 sensing the temperature at the hammer magnets, which in the present example, may range from about 13° to 70° C. Also provided are sense means for the impact force i.e. sense element 11, which can be adjusted to different form widths or to the number of copies required, as indicated, for example, by the numbers 1-6. Finally, there is a pick-up for the print activity 12, which indicates the print time actually used and the duty cycle. A further parameter sensor or pick-up 13 is indicated, to show that still further variables can be sensed and processed.
  • the print activity is dynamically processed in a circuit 15 representing a thermal model. This will be explained in detail below. Assuming that no copies are to be made, these three values already permit an accurate synchronization of the impact time of the print hammer and of the time of occurrence of the print type at the print position.
  • the simple equation applicable in this case is
  • ⁇ A is a value dependent upon the print activity, which is determined by the discharging effected in the periods in which there is no printing and by the charging of a charge storage effected during printing.
  • the impact force i.e., the setting to more than one copy and the impact energy required for this purpose, is quite important.
  • a signal ⁇ A is processed which is based on a setting effected in a further stage of the circuit 14, whereby the non-linear control equation reads as follows
  • the various factors necessary for determining the control voltage are processed in the following manner.
  • the setting for the impact force of sense element 11, which in this case takes the form of an open and a closed switch, is fed as a digital two-bit signal to the impression force control 16 on the one hand and to the form thickness sense circuit 19 on the other.
  • a timing pulse for the impact control is applied to the impression force control 16 which emits a signal depending upon the impact force at sense element 11. This signal changes the width of the pulse applied to the print control. If only one copy is to be made, i.e., if no further copies are required, the pulse applied to the impact control is not changed in its width.
  • the temperature and the temperature difference ⁇ T, respectively, is determined in the same manner.
  • the temperature could also be measured at each individual print hammer magnet, i.e., at its magnet coil. It is readily apparent that such an approach would entail a considerable outlay. Therefore, joint temperature sense means are provided for the various print hammer magnets. These means are designed in such a manner that a temperature sense bar, whose temperature can be measured in the usual manner, is arranged immediately adjacent to the row of the various print hammer magnets. However, this leads to an average value which is a function of the temperature of the print hammer magnet coils. This measuring value is fed to a temperature sense amplifier 18.
  • a temperature control 25 is connected, by means of which a reference value for the reference temperature can be set as a function of a reference voltage V REF .
  • the output signals of the voltage sense amplifier 17 and the temperature sense amplifier 18 are fed to an analogue multiplier circuit in which the values ⁇ V and ⁇ T are multiplied by each other, being emitted as signal ⁇ V ⁇ T on the output side.
  • the output signals of the voltage sense amplifier and the temperature sense amplifier are directly applied to a summing circuit 24 in which a weighted sum is formed. Weighted sum in this context means that the individual values applied to said summing circuit 24 are multiplied by one device specific coefficient each.
  • a bias control element 26 is connected to circuit 24 .
  • This bias can also be sensed at a fixed resistor.
  • the signal NOT PRINT TIME which indicates the print activity, is fed to the start correction control 21.
  • a charge storage element is discharged when no printing is effected and charged during printing. Discharging and charging are effected in accordance with a decaying exponential function.
  • the term ⁇ A determined in this circuit is subsequently also weighted, i.e., multiplied by the factor K 6 , in the summing circuit 24.
  • a control voltage is obtained which is applied to the voltage-controlled delay element 27.
  • the timing pulse sensed at the type belt by the sense element 4 is fed to a trigger pulse amplifier 22, reaching as a trigger pulse also the voltage controlled delay element 27.
  • said trigger pulse is delayed as a function of the control voltage, so that the delayed trigger pulse is emitted at the output of said voltage-controlled delay element 27.
  • a trigger pulse is initially sensed which subsequently, for synchronizing print hammer and print type during the printing of a character at a predetermined print position, is delayed to such an extent that a perfect print image is obtained. It is, of course, also possible to determine a center position and to shift the trigger pulse with a mean delay from that position in the direction of a lower as well as in the direction of a higher delay.
  • the setting to more than one copy can, in the form of an input signal, also be applied to a circuit for the form thickness.
  • the binary input signal for the form thickness is converted into an analogue signal.
  • the output signal ⁇ V from the voltage sense amplifier 17 is applied to a further input of the form thickness circuit.
  • the signal ⁇ V ⁇ I is obtained by multiplication and fed to a further input of the circuit forming the weighted sum. Combination is subsequently effected in accordance with equation. (2).
  • a control voltage is obtained from these input signals of the sense elements. This control voltage is fed to the voltage-controlled delay element 27 to correspondingly delay the trigger pulse.
  • this delayed trigger pulse is fed to the print hammer control logic, causing in conjunction with the data and the print control a corresponding energization of one or several of the print hammers 8 for printing characters on the record carrier.
  • the supply voltage 23 shown in FIG. 3 is provided for this part of the electronic equipment.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial view of the print hammer arrangement.
  • a temperature sense bar 28 is fixed to a solid carrier plate 29, supporting on its other side the print hammer magnets 30 which are arranged in two rows above each other. Also shown are two rows of print hammers 31.
  • a transistor 32 sensing the temperature of the bar is fixed, electrically insulated, to a holder, sensing the bar temperature which is indicative of the average temperature of the various print hammer magnets. It has been found that this type of temperature determination constitutes a reasonable compromise, since the high thermal conductivity of the temperature sense bar ensures that the respective average temperature is obtained relatively rapidly. On the other hand, a certain delay is encountered as a result of heat being transferred from the print hammer magnets 30 to the temperature sense bar 28.
  • FIGS. 5-8 show details of the circuit blocks illustrated in FIG. 3, whose functions will be described below by means of the former FIGURES in which the circuit groups provided with the reference numbers of FIG. 3 are surrounded by broken lines.
  • the signal emitted by the sense element 11, represented in this case by two switches, is applied as a 2-bit signal, in the form of a voltage drop across the resistors R101 and/or R104, to the inverters 33, 35.
  • the potential corresponds to the value 0 or 1
  • either the output 12 or the output 8 of the inverter 33, or none of the outputs of said inverter is grounded.
  • resistor T network which, in turn, generates the input voltage for the operational amplifier 37.
  • the binary signal received from the sense element 11 is also applied to the impression force control 16 in FIG. 5.
  • These signals are first fed to the inverters 32 and 34, determining, via resistors R102 and R105, respectively, the control voltage applied to the control input of a monostable multivibrator 36, to whose second input the control pulse is applied which also determines the impression force.
  • FIG. 5 also shows the controlled voltage supply 23 arranged on the control board proper and which need not be described in detail.
  • the temperature sense amplifier 18 shown in FIG. 6 receives its input signal from the temperature sensor 10, a heat-sensitive element, namely, a PNP transistor, inserted, electrically insulated, into the temperature sense bar 31. This voltage is fed to the negative input of a differential amplifier 37, to whose positive input a controllable compare voltage corresponding to a predetermined temperature is applied.
  • the output signal V T of this differential amplifier is applied, as signal ⁇ T ⁇ to the analogue multiplier circuit 20, on the one hand, and, on the other, via the inverting input of an operational amplifier 38, to the input of a multiplier circuit 39.
  • the positive input of the operational amplifier 38 is grounded via R126.
  • the output signal ⁇ V is applied to the X input of the multiplier circuit.
  • This signal is received from the voltage sense amplifier 17 and is derived from the voltage applied to the inverting input of a differential amplifier 40.
  • the non-inverting input of the differential amplifier 40 is connected to a positive potential of, for example, +5.2 volts via a resistor R125.
  • the signal ⁇ V ⁇ T is obtained on the output of the multiplier circuit 39.
  • the output signal ⁇ T of the temperature sense amplifier 18 together with the output signals of the form sense circuit 19 and the voltage sense circuit 17 is fed to the input of the summing circuit 24 shown in FIG. 7.
  • the signal (print time) is fed, via an inverter 40A and a voltage divider 41 with the resistors R154, R155 and R156, to one terminal of a storage C105 and to the non-inverting input of a negative feedback operational amplifier 42, the inverting input of which is connected to the output of the operational amplifier 42 via a negative feedback resistor R133.
  • This point is connected to the connecting point of the voltage divider resistors 154, 155 via a further resistor R153.
  • the charge storage C105 is discharged during the signal (print time), i.e., when no printing is effected, and is charged during the signal (print time), i.e., when printing actually takes place.
  • Discharging and charging are effected in accordance with a decaying e-function.
  • the signal ⁇ A which is also applied to the input of the summing circuit 24, is available on the output of the respective stage.
  • the signals ⁇ I, ⁇ V, ⁇ T, ⁇ V ⁇ T, and ⁇ A are available on the input of said circuit 24.
  • Weighting of the individual signal with the device specific co-efficients K 1 -K 6 is effected via the value of the resistors R128, R129, R130, R131, R134 which are jointly connected to the inverting input of an operational amplifier 43, whose non-inverting input is connected to a bias of, for example, 5.2 volts and to ground via a further resistor 26 which may be adjustable.
  • This voltage divider determines the bias on the non-inverting input.
  • the output of the operational amplifier 43 is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier, on the output of which the control voltage V S subsequently occurs.
  • FIG. 8 shows the voltage-controlled delay element 27.
  • the control voltage V S is initially fed to the control input of two monostable multivibrators 44 and 45.
  • the trigger pulse received from the sense element 4, FIG. 3 is coupled to the biased second input of the multivibrator 44 via a first inverter stage 46.
  • said signal after having been inverted further, is coupled, by way of an inverter stage 47, to the biased second input of the multivibrator 45. Coupling is effected in each case via a coupling capacitor C111 and C113, respectively.
  • the output signal of the first multivibrator 44 is applied to the control input of a bistable J-K multivibrator 48, whose Q output is connected to the J input, while the K input is grounded.
  • the output signal of the multivibrator 44 is also applied to the resetting input of a further bistable, latching J-K multivibrator 48, whose control input is connected to the output of the second monostable multivibrator 45, while its Q output is connected to the J input, and the K input is grounded.
  • the Q output of the J-K multivibrator 49 is also connected to the resetting input of the bistable multivibrator 48.
  • the control voltage V S applied to the input of the voltage-controlled delay element 27 is an analogue voltage, the magnitude of which controls the time delay of the trigger pulse.
  • this control voltage may change within certain limits the time constants of the monostable multivibrators 44 and 45, which are a function of the R-C elements C110, R136 and C107, R135, respectively, and thus the duration of the output pulses of said multivibrators.
  • the circuit operates as follows.
  • the trigger pulse sets the monostable multivibrator 44 by means of its leading edge.
  • the trailing edge of said trigger pulse subsequently sets the monostable multivibrator 45.
  • the output pulse of the multivibrator 44 initially resets the bistable multivibrator 49 via an inverter stage 50.
  • the trailing edge of the output pulse of the multivibrator 44 sets the bistable multivibrator 48 on its control input.
  • the monostable multivibrator 45 resets, the trailing edge of the pulse causes the bistable multivibrator 49 to be set on its control input.
  • an output signal resetting the bistable multivibrator 48 is generated on output Q.

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US06/095,808 1978-10-11 1979-11-19 Circuit arrangement for synchronizing the times of occurrence of the print hammer impact with the arrival of the print type at the print position Expired - Lifetime US4259903A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2338074 1978-10-11
DE2360323 1978-10-11
DE2848786 1978-11-10
DE2848786A DE2848786C3 (de) 1978-11-10 1978-11-10 Schaltungsanordnung für die Synchronisierung der Auftrittszeitpunkte von Druckhammeraufschlag mit dem Eintreffen der Drucktype an der Druckstelle

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US (1) US4259903A (it)
EP (1) EP0011095B1 (it)
JP (1) JPS6044158B2 (it)
AU (1) AU526955B2 (it)
BR (1) BR7907256A (it)
CA (1) CA1124882A (it)
DE (2) DE2848786C3 (it)
ES (1) ES484142A1 (it)
IT (1) IT1188795B (it)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4368666A (en) * 1980-01-12 1983-01-18 Hitachi Koki Company, Limited Method and circuit arrangement for controlling print timing in a printing apparatus
US4407193A (en) * 1980-06-16 1983-10-04 International Business Machines Corporation Solenoid impact print hammer with uniform free flight time
US4665371A (en) * 1983-10-27 1987-05-12 Ncr Corporation Character spacing circuit for controlling print hammer firing
US4743821A (en) * 1986-10-14 1988-05-10 International Business Machines Corporation Pulse-width-modulating feedback control of electromagnetic actuators
US4806031A (en) * 1986-08-15 1989-02-21 Dataproducts Corporation Uniform print density and registration in an impact printer
US5383399A (en) * 1993-09-27 1995-01-24 Ncr Corporation Zero hammer adjustment drum printer control technique
US5465064A (en) * 1993-02-04 1995-11-07 Yozan Inc. Weighted summing circuit
EP1553702A1 (en) * 2002-07-09 2005-07-13 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Digital circuit having a delay circuit for clock signal timing adjustment

Families Citing this family (3)

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JPS58211477A (ja) * 1982-06-02 1983-12-08 Fujitsu Ltd プリンタのハンマタイミング制御方式
EP0112430B1 (fr) * 1982-12-28 1988-06-22 International Business Machines Corporation Système de commande de la restauration des marteaux d'une imprimante
GB8903592D0 (en) * 1989-02-16 1989-04-05 Boots Co Plc Therapeutic agents

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4368666A (en) * 1980-01-12 1983-01-18 Hitachi Koki Company, Limited Method and circuit arrangement for controlling print timing in a printing apparatus
US4407193A (en) * 1980-06-16 1983-10-04 International Business Machines Corporation Solenoid impact print hammer with uniform free flight time
US4665371A (en) * 1983-10-27 1987-05-12 Ncr Corporation Character spacing circuit for controlling print hammer firing
US4806031A (en) * 1986-08-15 1989-02-21 Dataproducts Corporation Uniform print density and registration in an impact printer
US4743821A (en) * 1986-10-14 1988-05-10 International Business Machines Corporation Pulse-width-modulating feedback control of electromagnetic actuators
US5465064A (en) * 1993-02-04 1995-11-07 Yozan Inc. Weighted summing circuit
US5383399A (en) * 1993-09-27 1995-01-24 Ncr Corporation Zero hammer adjustment drum printer control technique
EP1553702A1 (en) * 2002-07-09 2005-07-13 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Digital circuit having a delay circuit for clock signal timing adjustment
US20060109146A1 (en) * 2002-07-09 2006-05-25 Eiichi Takahashi Digital circuit having a delay circuit for adjustment of clock signal timing
EP1553702A4 (en) * 2002-07-09 2007-04-18 Nat Inst Of Advanced Ind Scien DIGITAL SWITCHING WITH DELAY SWITCHING FOR CLOCK SIGNAL CONTROL SETTING
US7274238B2 (en) 2002-07-09 2007-09-25 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology Digital circuit having delay circuit for adjustment of clock signal timing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1188795B (it) 1988-01-28
DE2848786A1 (de) 1980-05-14
BR7907256A (pt) 1980-07-22
DE2963166D1 (en) 1982-08-12
JPS6044158B2 (ja) 1985-10-02
AU526955B2 (en) 1983-02-10
IT7927053A0 (it) 1979-11-06
DE2848786C3 (de) 1981-05-21
JPS5567876A (en) 1980-05-22
ES484142A1 (es) 1980-08-16
EP0011095A1 (de) 1980-05-28
CA1124882A (en) 1982-06-01
AU5263679A (en) 1980-05-15
EP0011095B1 (de) 1982-06-23
DE2848786B2 (de) 1980-08-28

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