UA75273C2 - Cleaner of a root and tuber heap against dirt - Google Patents

Abstract

A cleaner of a root and tuber heap against dirt consists of a delivery conveyer, three cleaning rollers, arranged in series, made as console spiral springs, fixed, by certain ends, on the naves, connected with the driven shafts and shanks at the free ends, whereon frictionless bearings are arranged. The outer rings of the bearings are connected, through cross-pieces and kinematic control-rods, with a driving crankshaft, placed on one side of spiral springs, the crankthrows of which are in the same plane. Each of the crankthrows of the shaft hastwo mechanisms to change the length.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention belongs to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for cleaning and 2 transporting root vegetables, which can be used in the cleaning systems of potato harvesters.

The closest to the proposed invention is the root and tuber pile cleaner from impurities implemented in (patent of Ukraine Mo 43907, 15.01.2002. Byul. Mo 1. - prototype) The root and tuber pile cleaner consists of cleaning rollers connected to a rotary drive, feeding and 70 diverting conveyors and shields that prevent losses of root crops. At the same time, each roller consists of a spiral spring, which is fixed at one end to the hub mounted on the drive shaft, and its other end is located freely. Spiral springs installed side by side with mutual overlap, that is, the distance between the coils of the springs is a separating gap in which the edges of adjacent spiral springs are located. During operation, the spiral springs rotate, their free ends oscillate in space, which contributes to the dispersion of the pile on the plane of the cleaner and the separation of soil and plant residues from it.

The disadvantage of such a device is the insufficiently high quality of cleaning root vegetables from soil and plant residues. This is due to the fact that root vegetables are on the surface of cantilever spirals under the influence of their own weight only and for a rather limited time. Since soil impurities and root crops have different specific gravity, their contact with the surface formed by the cleaning rollers may not occur at all. In this case, there are also no conditions for dispersing the pile of root crops on the specified cleaning surface. Therefore, there is a need to activate the process of separation of soil and plant remains by creating forced oscillations for the free ends of the spiral springs in different planes (in some cases in the longitudinal-vertical plane, in others in the transverse-horizontal plane). And this requires the use of different mechanisms of oscillatory movements for each type of oscillation. All this greatly complicates the design of cleaners, and. as (3 investigation), significantly reduces the reliability of their work.

The invention aims to simplify the design and increase the reliability of work.

The task set by the invention is achieved by the fact that in the cleaner of a pile of roots and tubers from impurities, which consists of a feeding conveyor, three successively installed cleaning rollers, made in the form of cantilever spiral springs, fixed at one end on the hubs, which are connected to the drive shafts and shanks on the free ends, on which the rolling bearings are installed, according to the invention, the outer rings of the bearings are connected to the drive crankshaft through crossbars and kinematic thrusts, the knees of which are located in one plane and on one side, and each of the knees of the shaft has two change mechanisms its kU length. 3o The structural scheme of the proposed cleaner of a pile of root vegetables from impurities is shown in fig. 1 c - top view. In fig. 2 shows a section AA in fig. 1.

The cleaner of the pile of roots and tubers from impurities consists of a feeding conveyor 1, a block of cleaning rollers 2, which consist of spiral springs fixed cantilevered on hubs mounted on drive shafts that rotate in one direction. The free ends of the spiral springs of the cleaning rollers 2 contain Z shanks Z, on which the rolling bearings 4 are installed. The outer rings of the rolling bearings 4 are installed in the crossbars 5, which are connected to the kinematic rods b. The other ends of the kinematic rods are movably connected with

With" the drive crankshaft 7, installed in supports 8 and connected to the drive 9 in a rotational movement. The crankshaft 7 has knees 10 located in one plane and on one side. The knees 10 each have two mechanisms 11 for changing their length, the fixation of which is ensured by lock nuts 12. To prevent the loss of roots and tubers, a protective shield 13 is installed on the right side of the cleaner, and the unloading of roots and tubers, which have already been cleaned and free of impurities, is carried out by the unloading conveyor 14. from impurities works as follows. The pile of roots and tubers being cleaned, together with soil and plant remains, is fed by conveyor 1 to the surface formed by a block of cleaning rollers 2, which are forcibly rotated, while small soil impurities are immediately captured by its 20 spirals and taken downwards. At the same time, the free ends of the spiral springs of the cleaning rollers 2 contain shanks 3, on which the rolling bearings 4 are fixed, the outer rings of which are installed in the crosspieces 5. And this "c" allows the spiral springs of the cleaning rollers 2 to rotate freely and at the same time perform oscillating movements in the longitudinal and vertical and in the transverse-horizontal planes, since the crosspieces 5 are connected to the crankshaft 7 through the kinematic thrusts 6, during the rotation of which (thanks to the drive 9), its knees 29 10 provide the shanks Z with simultaneous oscillatory movements precisely in the indicated planes. Since the knees are 10 on

GF) of the crankshaft 7 are located in one plane and are directed in one direction, this ensures that the spiral springs of the cleaning rollers 2 perform forced oscillating movements simultaneously in the longitudinal-vertical and in the transverse-horizontal planes with the same amplitudes and frequencies, which ensures that they do not jam when performing a rotational movement. With the indicated forced, oscillating movements of the spiral springs of the 60 cleaning rollers 2 (in the transverse-horizontal plane), their inter-turn space is constantly changing, due to which there is an effective separation of soil and plant impurities. The forced oscillation of the shanks 5 in the longitudinal and vertical plane also ensures changes in the specified inter-turn space, especially at the ends of the spiral springs of the cleaning rollers 2. Thanks to the rotation of the spiral springs of the cleaning rollers 2 and their specified oscillating movements in the specified planes, the root vegetables are transported from one spiral spring to another 62 simultaneously in the axial direction, where they enter the unloading conveyor 14 and leave the cleaning zone.

To prevent the loss of roots and tubers and to guarantee their arrival on the unloading conveyor 14, a protective shield 13 is installed behind the last spiral spring of the cleaning roller 2. Depending on the contamination of the pile of root vegetables with soil and plant impurities, the amplitude of the forced oscillating movements of the spiral springs of the cleaning rollers 2 can be changed, thanks to the simultaneous change in length of all the knees 10 of the crankshaft 7 by the mechanisms 11. This can be done in such a way that when the mechanism 11 (for example, screw) rotates, the knees 10 change their length, and its value is fixed by the lock nut 12. The change in the frequency of the oscillating movements of the spiral springs of the cleaning rollers 2 will take place thanks to the adjustment the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft 7 thanks to the drive 9. 70 The use of this cleaner of a bunch of roots and tubers from impurities allows to simplify the design and increase the reliability of work by 1.2...1.5 times.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention , , , and Root tuber heap cleaner from impurities, which consists of a feed conveyor, three sequentially installed cleaning rollers, made in the form of cantilever spiral springs, fixed at one end on hubs, which are connected to drive shafts and shanks at the free ends, on which rolling bearings are installed, which is distinguished by the fact that the outer rings of the bearings are connected through crossbars and kinematic rods to the drive crankshaft, located on one side of the spiral springs, the knees of which are in the same plane, and each of them has two mechanisms changes in its length. 6) (ze) in s IF) and - - and? -i 1 ime) -i syu" ime) 60 b5