UA128462C2 - Method of vibratory transportation and cleaning of root and tuberous crops and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of vibratory transportation and cleaning of root and tuberous crops and the device for its implementation relates to the mechanization of agricultural production. The claimed invention differs from the already known ones in that simultaneously with the general transportation, the parts of the heap and the bodies of root and tuberous crops are first provided with additional horizontal vibration movements by means of a horizontal feed conveyor of vibration action, then providing movement along an arcuate trajectory, apply lateral cleaning forces with variable frequencies and amplitudes of oscillations in the corresponding parts of the specified trajectory, decreasing in the downward direction, inside the moving cascade vibration cleaner of arcuate shape in the longitudinal-vertical plane. The feed conveyor is located inside the frame, which is mounted movably in the horizontal guides of the main frame and is connected to the mechanism of vibration movements, and the outlet end of the feed conveyor enters the moving cascade vibratory cleaner consisting of three parts, the dimensions of the working channels of which decrease in the downward direction and form a continuous arcuate shape in the longitudinal-vertical plane. Each of these parts of the cascade vibratory cleaner is mounted on the main frame rotationally and kinematically connected to its own vibration mechanism. Also, each part of the cascade vibratory cleaner is formed by drive brushes with elastic rods, the directions of rotational movements of which are directed inside the working channels, and the frequencies and amplitudes of oscillations of each part of the cleaner decrease in the downward direction. The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the quality of cleaning root and tuberous fruits from impurities.

Description

of the cascade vibrating cleaner is formed by drive brushes with elastic rods, the directions of rotational movements of which are directed inside the working channels, and the frequencies and amplitudes of oscillations of each part of the cleaner decrease in the downward direction.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities. х DU KU du u dya a E Ж Her sht dec v ke ok kh ka «ren shin she So i shchi and I o Van dey still x AK pt 11 rota I schu : in YOU o, ju din no wn neon nenya yootns Me neo toy g ho Ж ВХ E Ho y y 1240-1111 211 zhe y le io oh y y sht y 2 s

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Fig. 1 (general side view

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular, to the methods used in the transportation of root crops and ensuring their simultaneous cleaning from soil impurities and plant residues.

Most of the known methods of transportation and simultaneous cleaning of root vegetables from impurities include the basic operation of transporting a pile of root vegetables (a layer of soil of a certain mass, size and shape, in the middle of which there are root vegetables as solid bodies, rhizomes, stones, parts of sedges, other plant impurities that had be on the surface of the field and were captured together with the undermined layer of soil), which is obtained after digging out of the soil, during which other additional operations are performed, which allow the separation of the components of the pile and the cleaning of the root tuber bodies from the adhering soil and at the same time ensuring the cleaning of the transporting and separating working bodies (see, for example, OA 118937, Method of transportation and cleaning of root vegetables and a device for its implementation, АО10 91/02, publ. 25.03.2019, Byul. Mo 6).

There is a known method of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which includes operations of transporting a pile of root and tuber crops, their interaction with the elements of the cleaning working bodies and further removal of the separation components in opposite directions (ША 119118,

AO10 91/02, publ. 04/25/2019, Bul. 8 - the closest analogue).

The disadvantages of this method of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops are the inability to effectively destroy and grind parts of the pile and the low quality of cleaning the side surfaces of root and tuber bodies from adhering soil. These shortcomings are due to the fact that, despite the fact that at the end of transportation, the bodies of root vegetables move downwards, and impurities (in the form of parts of the soil and plant residues) are captured by the ends of the rods and rise up, that is, they move in the other direction, in the case of separation of parts a heavy pile (strong soil formations, intertwined rhizomes, stones, etc.) it does not actually break down and is not crushed, the removal of root tuber bodies from the pile is slow (and not always complete), and therefore the quality of their cleaning is significantly reduced.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device listed in patent OA 119118, AOTO 91/02, publ. 04/25/2019, Bul. 8 - the closest analogue and which consists of a feeding conveyor above the output end of which a driven cleaning brush with long elastic rods is installed, on the outside of which there is a stationary cylindrical body, in which a screw conveyor for collecting and removing impurities is located.

The closest analogue works in such a way that parts of a pile of root vegetables are fed by the feeding conveyor and, reaching its output end, fall into the area of action of the driven cleaning brush. The elastic rods of the brush destroy parts of the pile, grab the impurities with elastic rods and lift them up, and the bodies of root vegetables move down (under the influence of their own weight) and are finally unloaded.

The disadvantages of this device are the low quality of cleaning the roots and tubers from impurities, because, despite the cleaning of the most elastic rods of the drive cleaning brush from stuck soil, the interaction of the roots and tubers with the cleaning working body occurs only from above, that is, in one place. And this interaction takes place very quickly.

The elastic rods of the cleaning drive brush are unable to effectively destroy and grind parts of the pile, especially in the case of transporting heavy soil that surrounds the bodies of root crops. Also, this device has a very limited ability to effectively clean the side surfaces of the bodies of root vegetables from adhering soil.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

To achieve this, a method of vibratory transportation and cleaning of root vegetables is proposed, which includes the operations of transporting a pile of root vegetables, their interaction with the elements of cleaning working bodies and unloading, according to the invention, simultaneously with the general transportation of parts of the pile and bodies of root vegetables, additional horizontal vibration movements are first provided with the help of a horizontal of the vibratory action feed conveyor, then, moving along an arcuate trajectory, apply lateral cleaning forces with variable parameters of vibration processes on the corresponding sections of the indicated trajectory of motion, which decrease in the downward direction, inside the moving cascade vibratory cleaner of an arcuate shape in the longitudinal-vertical plane.

In the device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which can implement this method, which includes a main frame, a feeding conveyor, above the output end of which, with a corresponding gap, a rod cleaning brush and an unloading conveyor are installed,

according to the invention, the feed conveyor is located inside the frame, which is movably installed in the horizontal guides of the main frame and is connected to the mechanism of vibration movements, and the output end of the feed conveyor enters inside the movable cascade vibrating cleaner, which consists of three parts, the dimensions of which work channels are reduced in the downward direction and form a continuous arc-shaped shape in the longitudinal-vertical plane, while each of the specified parts is installed on the main frame in a rotatable and kinematic manner with its mechanism of vibration action, each part of the cascade vibrating cleaner is formed by drive brushes with elastic rods, directions the rotational movements of which are directed inside the working channels, and the parameters of the vibration processes of each part of the cleaner also decrease in the downward direction.

Thus, to the existing set of operations for transporting and cleaning a pile of root vegetables from impurities, this method introduces a fundamentally new set of operations for simultaneously providing parts of the pile and bodies of root vegetables with translational motion and additional horizontal vibrational movements, according to which they are given the appropriate conditions for throwing with horizontal acceleration . Next, the next new operation takes place to continue such accelerated movement, but already along an arc-shaped (ie curvilinear) trajectory of movement in a space that is gradually narrowing. The characteristic difference of this method is that inside the specified space, which gradually narrows, all its walls, that is, in fact, the entire inner surface, are active, and from this entire inner surface, all components of the heap are given forced active cleaning efforts. That is, in fact, the entire arc-shaped cavity, which narrows and in which the components of the pile are located, "shakes" under the condition that all the components of the pile are thrown there with initial acceleration. This cavity is active from the inside, and this activity is manifested not only by giving the bodies of root and tuber fruit cleaning efforts, but also in the ability to effectively destroy the soil and plant components of the pile, capture them and guarantee their removal from the cleaning zone. Another feature of the new operations is that the cleaning forces inside the specified arc-shaped cavity are provided by the components of the pile, not constant in magnitude, but on the contrary with variable parameters of vibration processes in the corresponding sections of the specified movement trajectory, which decrease in the downward direction. This significantly activates the entire process of transportation and cleaning, significantly improves the quality of cleaning the side surfaces of the bodies of root vegetables from adhering soil, but also ensures conditions for the root vegetables themselves to be undamaged. From the beginning of the movement along the indicated trajectory of the components of the pile, which are still strong and dense, the parameters of vibration processes should have larger values, at the end of the arc-shaped movement, the indicated parameters should already be smaller, since the bodies of root and tuber fruits are already here in an almost purified state. Such a combination of new operations and their variable technological parameters is not found in any known method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables from impurities. The entire set of fundamentally new operations is carried out with the help of a moving cascade vibrating cleaner of an arcuate shape in the longitudinal-vertical plane.

The device with which it is proposed to carry out this method is schematically shown in the drawing - a general side view.

The device for vibrating transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers has a main frame 1, on which a feeding conveyor 2 is installed, which has a horizontal arrangement.

A rod cleaning brush 3 is installed above the output end of the feed conveyor 2, with a corresponding gap. The feed conveyor 2 is located inside the frame 4, which is movably installed in the horizontal guides 5 of the main frame 1. At the same time, the frame 4 is connected using a kinematic link b with a mechanism of 7 vibration movements. The output end of the feed conveyor 2 is inserted into the movable cascade vibrating cleaner, which consists of three parts: the upper 8, the middle 9 and the lower 10. Each of the specified parts 8, 9 and 10 of the movable cascade vibrating cleaner is mounted on the main frame 1 in a rotatable manner (that is, by cylindrical joints) and is actually formed by drive (drives are not shown) rod brushes 11 with elastic rods of the same size.

The cascade vibrating cleaner has working channels in the specified parts 8, 9, 10 (this is actually the space between the brushes 11), the average dimensions of which are equal to: parts 8-01, parts 9-r2, parts 10-r3. At the same time, the specified dimensions decrease in the downward direction, i.e.: Bi»r2»rz, which creates with all the specified parts 8, 9 and 10 a continuous arc-shaped shape in the longitudinal-vertical plane, which has a continuous internal space narrowing downwards (that is, approximately has the shape truncated hollow cone with a bent longitudinal axis). The configuration of parts 8, 9 and 10, and the number of brushes 11 on each part can be different. But together, parts 8, 9 and 10 should form a single arc-shaped cleaning channel. Each part 8, 9 and 10 60 is kinematically connected to its vibration action mechanism: part 8 is connected to the mechanism 12,

which gives it the frequency of uz and the amplitude Pi of oscillating movements; part 9 is connected to the mechanism 13, which gives it the frequency y" and the amplitude P2 of oscillating movements; part 10 is connected to the mechanism 14, which generates the frequency uz and the amplitude Нз of oscillating movements. The parameters of the vibration processes (frequency and amplitude) of each part 8, 9 and 10 of the cascade vibration cleaner decrease in the downward direction, namely, the following ratios take place: mi»mo»uz and Pi»P2»Pz. The directions of the rotary movements of the rod cleaning brushes 11 are directed inside the working channels of each part 8, 9 and 10. Under the lower exit opening of the part 10 of the cascade vibrating cleaner there is an unloading conveyor 15. The side part of this opening is closed on one side by a protective screen 16 of an arc-shaped shape. The directions of the translational movement of the bodies of root and tuber crops, as well as the rotational and oscillating movements of the working organs of the device are shown by arrows.

A device for vibrating transportation and cleaning of root vegetables works, which can implement this method, as follows. A pile of roots and tubers from the digging working body (not shown in the diagram) is fed to the input end of the feeding conveyor 2 and begins to move along its upper working branch in the direction of the output end.

Since a rod cleaning brush 3 is installed above the output end of the feed conveyor 2, with a corresponding clearance, the continuous pile flow is crushed into separate parts and partially separated into separate components. At the same time, the feeding conveyor 2 is located inside the frame 4, which is movably installed in the horizontal guides 5 of the main frame 1 and is connected by means of a kinematic link b to the mechanism 7 of its vibrational movements, so the pile components are given acceleration. These accelerations are due to the fact that the speed of the oscillating movement is additionally superimposed on the translational speed of the constant amount of transportation, which causes the acceleration of the parts of the root tuber pile. And therefore, through the output end of the feed conveyor 2, which is included inside the moving cascade vibrating cleaner, parts of the pile are fed with an acceleration that is determined by the parameters of the oscillatory process, which is formed by the mechanism of 7 vibration movements. Having found itself inside the moving cascade vibrating cleaner, i.e. in its uppermost part 8, the pile of root vegetables moves with acceleration along an arc-shaped (ie curved) trajectory of movement in space. Due to the curvilinear movement of the bodies of root and tuber fruits (as solid objects), in addition to tangential acceleration, they also acquire normal acceleration, which creates centrifugal forces of inertia for them. As a result, the indicated additional forces force the bodies of root and tuber fruits to be forcibly pressed against the upper surface of the inner cavity of part 8. However, due to the fact that part 8 of the movable cascade vibrating cleaner is installed on the main frame 1 in a rotatable manner, formed by drive rod brushes 11 with elastic rods of the same size and connected connected to the vibrating mechanism 12, parts of the pile are reflected by the elastic rods of the brushes 11, the ends of the elastic rods during the rotational movement of the brushes 11 stretch the pile, capture soil impurities and plant remains and carry them outside the boundaries of part 8. Since the maximum frequencies are formed by the mechanism 12 for part 8 y: and the amplitude and: of oscillatory movements, then this contributes to the effective dispersion of the bound pile itself and its effective separation into separate components. Due to the fact that it is in the working channel of part 8 that a significant (initial) mass of root tuber crops falls, it has the largest Brie size. After the parts of the heap are deflected from the upper surface of the inner cavity of part 8, they are tangentially (thanks to the rotational movements of the brushes 11) and under the influence of their own weight directed downwards and pass into part 9 of the moving cascade vibrating cleaner. The movement of the parts of the pile and the bodies of root crops continues along a curvilinear trajectory, and therefore the same centrifugal forces of inertia act on them. But the internal space of part 9, which has the size Br, is already smaller. And although in part 9, similar processes of curvilinear movement of parts of the pile, further interaction with the drive brushes 11, which provide the bodies of the roots and tubers with vibrating cleaning forces, and grinding impurities, capture and removal outside the device, a smaller part of the pile gets into part 9. It is in part 9 that actually only the vast majority of root-bulb bodies begin to form, and therefore the parameters of the oscillatory process, which are formed by mechanism 13 - the frequency mi and the amplitude y: - should already have smaller values here than for part 8, to prevent injury to the root-bulb bodies. And, finally, the root tuber bodies and a small part of the impurities reach the very bottom part 10 of the moving cascade vibratory cleaner. The inner space of part 10 has the smallest size of Bbz, and therefore in the most narrowed place of vibration cleaning, the curvilinear trajectory of the movement of the bodies of root vegetables is already straightened and they no longer move downward in a heap, but almost individually (the value of the smallest size of Bbz 60 of part 10 should be chosen mainly under such conditions) . Here, in part 10, there is a very intense shaking of the bodies of root vegetables, which is achieved due to the fact that its brushes 11 are provided by the mechanism 14 with the corresponding frequency of pulses and amplitude of Nz. The combination of downward movements under the influence of its own weight and movements due to the rotation of the brushes 11, as well as the smallest distance Bz, contribute to a very effective covering of the soil stuck to the side parts of the "bodies of root crops. But the parameters of oscillating movements, which are created by mechanism 14 for part 10, frequency uz and amplitude iz must have the smallest values to prevent damage to the bodies of root crops. Thus, inside the moving cascade vibratory cleaner for a pile of root vegetables, conditions are created for arc-shaped (curvilinear) movement inside the combined (i.e., formed by separate parts) channel, which narrows in the downward direction and forced active cleaning forces are applied inside from the inner surface. The internal cavities of the parts 8, 9 and 10, formed by the drive brushes 11 with elastic rods, are active, not only due to the rotational movements of the brushes 11, but also due to the vibration processes provided to them. Moreover, the parameters of vibration processes, and accordingly, the forced active cleaning efforts created by them, are not constant, but change, which significantly activates the process of cleaning the bodies of root and tuber crops from impurities. It is the changes in the dimensions of the working channels of parts 8, 9 and 10, provided that Би»б2»бз, make it possible to effectively clean the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root and tuber crops from adhering soil. In addition, due to the fact that the cascade of three parts 8, 9 and 10 actually has a continuous internal space and has the form of a truncated hollow cone with a bent longitudinal axis in the longitudinal-vertical plane, additional forces arise that are transmitted to the bodies of root vegetables (as solid bodies), which activate their force interaction with the brushes 11, which contributes to the transfer of additional cleaning efforts to them. These additional forces are transmitted to the least degree to impurities that have a significantly fragmented state, or are not transmitted at all. And this will contribute to a more effective selection of root tuber bodies separately from the pile. Such a feature as the directions of the rotational movements of the drive brushes 11 is also essential. Since the directions of the rotational movements of the rod cleaning brushes 11 are directed inside the working channels of each part 8, 9 and 10, the elastic rods of all the brushes try to direct the parts of the pile to the center of all the cavities of the parts 8, 9 and 10. However, the specified inertial forces due to curvilinear movement and the vibration effect, on the contrary, try to return parts of the pile to the walls of the internal cavities. Such a long-term and zigzag-shaped movement will generally extend the cleaning time, which will also significantly improve the quality of this technological process. After passing through part 10 of the body of root and tuber crops, completely cleaned of any impurities, they fall on the unloading conveyor 15 and are loaded into a bunker or directly into a vehicle. The arc-shaped protective screen 16 prevents the loss of root crops.

There are also other options for devices that are able to implement this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

The application of the proposed method will improve the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

Claims (2)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. The method of vibrational transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers, which includes the operations of transporting a pile of root vegetables, their interaction with the elements of the cleaning working bodies and unloading, which is distinguished by the fact that simultaneously with the transportation of parts of the pile and bodies of root vegetables, additional horizontal vibration movements are first provided with the help of a horizontal feed conveyor of vibration action, then, providing movement along an arc-shaped trajectory, lateral cleaning forces are applied with variable frequencies and amplitudes of oscillations on the corresponding sections of the indicated trajectory of movement, which decrease in the downward direction, inside the moving cascade vibrating cleaner of an arc-shaped shape in the longitudinal-vertical plane. 2. A device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which includes a main frame, a feeding conveyor, above the output end of which, with a corresponding gap, a rod cleaning brush is installed, and an unloading conveyor, which is characterized by the fact that the feeding conveyor is located inside the frame, which is movably installed in horizontal guides of the main frame and is connected to the mechanism of vibration movements, and the output end of the feed conveyor enters the moving cascade vibrating cleaner, which consists of three parts, the dimensions of the working channels of which decrease in the downward direction and form a continuous arc-shaped shape in the longitudinal-vertical plane , while each of the specified parts is mounted on the main frame and is rotatably and kinematically 60 connected to its mechanism of vibration action, also each part of the cascade vibrating cleaner is formed by drive brushes with elastic rods, the directions of rotational movements of which are directed inside the working channels, and the frequencies and amplitudes the vibrations of each part of the cleaner also decrease in the downward direction. zhh, yu zh khru U res ne Ko EY t uro CHO. zhi y SHE kov, I 5 B y ZY still h y day zm Koh TOYU zh ne Kt v mo ŽY y, rennia ros Z zohy šy schi T ve U VA ny ten y st ze vo he | 15 yuyu p ShY 2 bra UK t. sne Ka h. to which - y pyaalyanlnnai WE IN ul riyut 1; howl Tones and ve a ЯК ей Й6 6 es and koya same