UA117213C2 - DEVICES FOR THE TRANSPORT AND CLEANING OF ROOTBULLES - Google Patents

Abstract

The device for transportation and cleaning of root tubers belongs to agricultural machinery, in particular to the working bodies of potato harvesters. The specified device differs from the already known in that each of the drive brushes consists of two parts, which in the form of separate brushes having a conical shape, mounted with the possibility of rotation on two parallel crankshaft lubricants of the drive shafts, which are directed towards each other, and the lower part of the cleaner, which is opposite the brushes, has an internal comb surface, and the combs, which are fixed on the bars and directed to the lower part of the cleaner, have the same angles of inclination towards the lower source about the hole and have the outer ends of a rounded shape. The device for transportation and cleaning of root crops provides increased efficiency of cleaning root crops from impurities.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which can be used in potato harvesting machines.

There are many devices for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops from soil and plant residues, which include, as a rule, the main active separating working body, made in the form of a screw or roller cleaner, as well as additional cleaning elements, which are rod conveyors, cleaning slides, which are placed sequentially , lump crushers, chopper and guide brushes with elastic rods, etc. (book: Petrov

G.D. Potato harvesting machines". Calculation and design. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1972. - 400 p.).

The technological process of operation of the specified devices occurs in such a way that the transition of a pile of root vegetables from one cleaning working body to another takes place without activating movements and giving the bodies of root vegetables different cleaning efforts based on the principle of action. First of all, this refers to the absence of the most effective vibrational principles for cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities in the known structures, when the separation of the pile of piles occurs during its intensive shaking and the involvement of parts of the pile in a complex movement along different cleaning surfaces in different directions.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is a well-known device, the essence of which is found in the patent of Ukraine Mo 110856, A 01 O 33/08, publ. 02/25/2016, Bull. Mo 4 is the closest analogue, which includes a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, a hollow cleaner, which is connected to the drive in a rotational movement and is formed by round rods installed with gaps, which has the shape of a flattened ellipsoid of rotation, inside of which a drive cone is installed on top heap spreader, on the lower continuous conical surface of which there are four driving brushes with long elastic rods, as well as a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor.

The closest analogue works, mainly according to the principle of the above-mentioned devices for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, when a pile of root vegetables gradually moves inside the hollow cleaner from one working body to another with a partial change in the direction of movement, as well as some kinematic modes. At the same time, the pile is crushed and

Zo is gradually divided into separate components. Bodies of roots and tubers, soil impurities and plant remains are removed in different directions according to their different physical and mechanical properties.

Driven cylindrical brushes with long elastic rods located below the heap spreader help clean the side surfaces of the bodies of root and tuber crops from adhering soil.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities and sticky soil, which is caused by the fact that the pile of root and tuber that is being cleaned passes from one cleaning working body to another in a large mass without actually being dispersed and effectively separated. It is not always possible to disperse and then separate a large pile of root vegetables (especially one that contains wet soil, many plant remains, rhizomes, stones, etc.) fed into the hollow cleaner due to the limited cleaning time. The efficiency of the drive cylindrical brushes located below the heap spreader is also low due to the lack of relative oscillating movements in different directions, and the absence, in the structure of the closest analogue, of separate devices that would slow down the relatively fast continuous movement of the heap of root vegetables inside the hollow cleaner.

The invention is based on the task of improving the quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities.

The task is solved by the fact that the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which consists of a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, a hollow cleaner connected to the drive in rotary motion and formed by round bars installed with gaps, having the shape of a flattened ellipsoid of rotation , inside of which a drive conical heap spreader is installed on top, on the lower continuous conical surface of which there are four drive brushes with long elastic rods, as well as a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor according to the invention, each of the drive brushes consists of two parts, which in the form of separate brushes, having a conical shape, mounted with the possibility of free rotation on two, parallel, cranked parts of the drive shafts, which are directed towards each other, and the lower part of the cleaner, which is located opposite the brushes, has an internal comb surface, while the combs, which are fixed on the rods and direction nor in the lower part of the cleaner, have the same angles of inclination towards the lower outlet and have the outer ends of a rounded shape. 60 Drawings explain the essence of the invention.

In Fig. 1 - general side view.

In Fig. 2 shows view A in Fig. 1.

In Fig. From view B in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 4 shows view B in Fig. 1.

The device for transporting and cleaning roots and tubers consists of a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, a chopper brush C, a hollow cleaner 4, which has the shape of a flattened ellipsoid of rotation. The creative surface of the hollow eye cleaner 4, i.e. the flattened ellipsoid of rotation, is formed by round bars 5 fixed with gaps, and it itself is installed on the rotating frame 1 and is kinematically connected to the drive 6 in rotational motion. Inside the hollow cleaner 4, which has the shape of a flattened ellipsoid of rotation, a heap spreader 7 is installed, which is made in the form of two cones connected by the bases, the upper one of which has a top directed upwards and is installed at the end of the cantilever drive shaft 8, located on top of the cleaner and having a drive 9 in a rotational motion.

The cantilever drive shaft 8 is made of a hollow body and in its middle is installed a drive (drive not shown) additional shaft 10, which is kinematically connected to four drive brushes 12 with long elastic rods by means of gear wheels 11 located below. Drive brushes 12 are installed on the lower cone of the distributor 7, inside its continuous conical surface, which is directed downwards. Each of the drive brushes 12 installed inside the distributor 7 actually consists of two parts, which in the form of separate brushes 12, which have a conical shape, are installed with the possibility of free rotation on two parallel shafts 13, installed on two crank parts 14 of their common drive shaft. Each of the conical parts of the brushes 12 are directed towards each other. The lower part of the hollow cleaner 4, which is located opposite the brushes 12, has a comb-like surface directed towards its middle, while the combs 15 have the same angles of inclination, directed towards the lower outlet of the cleaner 4, which are fixed on the rods 5, and have rounded outer ends . The directions of the rotary movements of the cleaner 4 and the pile disperser 7 are opposite. Under the lower outlet of the hollow cleaner 4, there is an obliquely installed finger cleaning slide 16, under which the unloading conveyor 17 is located horizontally. On top of the hollow cleaner 4, opposite the feed

Shaped guide scraps 18 are installed from the conveyor 2. The directions of the flow of parts of the root tuber pile, as well as the rotational and oscillating movements of the working organs of the device are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows.

A pile of roots and tubers to be cleaned is fed by means of a feeding conveyor 2 into a hollow cleaner 4, which has the shape of a flattened ellipsoid of rotation. At the same time, the deflecting brush 3 is mounted on the frame 1 in such a way that it reflects this pile flow inside the hollow cleaner 4, that is, the flattened ellipsoid of rotation, partially crushing it and dividing it into separate components. In order to prevent pile losses during loading, shaped guide scraps 18 are installed in the upper loading mouth of the hollow cleaner 4. Due to the fact that the hollow cleaner 4 has the shape of a flattened ellipsoid of rotation, and also due to its forced rotational movement (thanks to the drive 6) with a certain angular speed, it is achieved sequential movement of parts of a pile of roots and tubers first from above along the major axis of the flattened ellipsoid of rotation of the hollow cleaner 4, i.e. directly along the round bars 5 located on top, to its periphery, under the action of inertial forces, then in the reverse direction already from the bottom of the inner cavity of the flattened ellipsoid of the cleaner 4 to its lower outlet. Thanks to this, not only is the path of movement of parts of a pile of root vegetables significantly lengthened along the cleaning surface inside the hollow cleaner 4, which ensures continuous effective removal of impurities through the gaps between the round bars 5 outside the device, but also contributes to the effective cleaning of the side surfaces of the bodies of root vegetables from adhering soil. But first, parts of the pile, passing through the upper loading part immediately, fall on the surface of the pile distributor 7, which is made in the form of two cones connected by the bases, the upper one of which has a top directed upwards, and is installed at the end of the cantilever drive shaft 8, located on top of the cleaner and having a drive U in rotational motion with a certain angular velocity. Therefore, the upper cone of the disperser 7, when rotating, evenly disperses the parts of the pile of roots and tubers, and soil impurities and plant residues are effectively sifted through the gaps between the bars 5. Then the parts of the pile pass into the lower part of the hollow cleaner 4, that is, into the lower part of the flattened ellipsoid of rotation. Here, moving under the influence of their own weight, they fall into the area of action of the drive brushes 12. At the same time, due to the fact that the cantilever drive shaft 8 is made of a hollow body and an additional drive shaft 10 is installed in its middle, which is kinematically connected with the help of gears 11 with four drive brushes 12 with long elastic rods, the latter forcefully capture parts of a pile of roots and tubers and, with appropriate effort, pull them through the surface formed by the rods 5 of the very bottom part of the hollow cleaner 4, which has the shape of a flattened ellipsoid of rotation. Since the drive brushes 12 are installed on the lower cone of the distributor 7, on its continuous conical surface directed downward, they effectively direct the bodies of root vegetables (which move under the influence of gravity) to the lower outlet of the hollow cleaner 4. Due to the fact that each of of drive brushes 12, which is installed inside the distributor 7, consists of two parts (in the form of separate brushes 12), which have a conical shape, installed with the possibility of free rotation on two parallel shafts 13, installed on two crank parts 14 of the common drive shaft, then they effectively, over the entire plane, capture portions of the bodies of root vegetables and throw them with acceleration towards the rods 5. In this case, the two conical brushes 12, which are installed on the crank parts 14, actually act as a solid blade. At the same time, adhering soil is effectively covered from the side surfaces of the bodies of root crops.

However, cavities are periodically formed at the bottom of the space under the brushes 12, which allow the root tuber bodies to move freely downwards under the influence of their own weight. These cavities occur during the rotation of the common drive shaft of each pair of brushes 12 of conical shape, since they are directed towards each other. The bodies of root vegetables move along the lower part of the hollow cleaner 4, which is located opposite the brushes 12, along the comb surface directed to its middle. Such a movement of the bodies of root and tuber crops will be carried out only in the downward direction, since the combs 15 have the same angles of inclination, directed towards the lower outlet of the cleaner 4. Since the combs 15 are fixed on the rods 5, rolling over them, the bodies of root and tuber crops effectively get rid of the adhering soil, which immediately sifts through the gaps between the bars 5. Due to the fact that the combs 15 have the outer ends of a rounded shape, this causes damage to the bodies of root and tuber crops. After passing through the zone of action of the brushes 12, the bodies of root vegetables and some small impurities, which have not yet had time to separate and pass through the gaps between the bars 5, finally fall into the lower part of the cleaner 4. Here, the bodies of root vegetables and impurities through the lower discharge neck of the cleaner 4 fall onto the canvas of the obliquely installed of the finger cleaning slide 16. Due to the fact that the root tuber bodies have a round shape and as solid bodies, they roll down the web of the finger cleaning slide 16, while soil impurities and plant residues, on the contrary, are not capable of rolling, and therefore are captured by the fingers of the cleaning slide 16 and are carried out through its upper end outside the device. Next, the root crops fall on the unloading conveyor 17 and are loaded into the hopper. Due to the fact that the directions of the rotary movements of the cleaner 4 and the heap disperser 7 are opposite, the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities is significantly improved.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will improve the quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

Claims (1)

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