UA117086C2 - DEVICES FOR THE TRANSPORT AND CLEANING OF ROOTBULLES - Google Patents

Abstract

The device for transportation and cleaning of root tubers belongs to agricultural machinery, in particular to the working bodies of potato harvesters. This device differs from the already known in that the cleaning block formed by three separate short, inclined parts, located in a longitudinal vertical plane at different height, displaced relative to each other and have different angles of inclination to the horizon, decreasing in the direction downwards, at the same time under the lower output ends of the first and second parts are installed rubbers of stuck soil, which are formed in pairs of gaps mounted with drive bits with long elastic blades with counter-rotational motion On which both sides set driving brush with short elastic rods that have directions of rotation down. The device for transportation and cleaning of root crops provides increased efficiency of cleaning root crops from impurities.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which can be used in potato harvesting machines.

There are many devices for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops from soil impurities and plant residues, which include, as a rule, a sequentially placed main active separating working body, made in the form of a screw or roller cleaner, as well as additional cleaning elements, which are rod conveyors, cleaning slides, clod shredders, chopper and guide brushes with elastic rods, etc. (book: Petrov G.D.

Potato harvesting machines! Calculation and design. M.: Mashinostroenie, 1972. - 400 si.

The technological process of operation of these devices is carried out in such a way that the transition of a pile of roots and tubers from one cleaning working body to another takes place without activating its movements and applying different cleaning efforts based on the principle of action. First of all, this refers to the absence of the most effective vibrational principles for cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities in the known designs, when the separation of a pile of root and tuber crops occurs during its intensive shaking and the involvement of parts of the pile in a complex movement along different cleaning surfaces in different directions.

The closest to the claimed device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device, the technical essence of which is contained in the patent of Ukraine Me80790, AOTO 33/08, published on October 25, 2007, bulletin Me17 - the closest analogue, which includes a frame, a feeding conveyor, above which is placed a chopper brush, then an inclined cleaning unit, formed by drive cylindrical rollers, which have a counter-rotational movement in pairs and which has the shape of a conical slit in the transverse plane. A drive activator in the form of a cantilever conical auger is installed inside the cleaning unit at an angle, and an unloading conveyor for the bodies of root and tuber crops is also located below the cleaning unit.

The closest analogue works in such a way that a pile of unpeeled root vegetables is fed from above by a feed conveyor, onto the surface of the cleaning unit and begins to move downwards. The chopper brush grinds the pile and separates it into separate components. The downward movement of root tuber bodies, inside the cleaning block, is helped by an activator, which also

Zo grinds and disperses the pile on the cleaning surface. On the surface of the driving cylindrical rollers, soil impurities and plant residues are captured by them, and due to the fact that the rollers have counter-rotating movements in pairs, the impurities are captured and carried outside the cleaner. Since the cleaning block in the longitudinal-vertical plane has the shape of a conical slit, the bodies of root vegetables, under the influence of their own weight, fall down and come into contact with the driving cylindrical rollers, and the adhering soil is separated from their surface.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities, which is due to the fact that the pile of root and tuber that is being cleaned does not have long-term contact with the surface of the cleaning unit. The activator installed inside the cleaning unit effectively grinds a pile of root vegetables, but does not provide the conditions for deliberate pressing of parts of the pile to the cleaning surfaces, i.e. to pairs of drive cylindrical rollers. On the contrary, such a shape and such an arrangement of the activator contributes to the removal of a part of the heap pile from the lower part of the gap formed by the cleaning drive cylindrical rollers.

The basis of the invention is the task of increasing the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

The task is solved by the fact that in the device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber fruits, which has a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, an inclined cleaning block is installed, formed by cylindrical drive rollers with counter-rotating movements in pairs, inside which an activator is installed, as well as a cleaning slide and unloading conveyor, according to the invention, a cleaning unit formed by three separate short, obliquely installed parts located in the longitudinal-vertical plane at different heights, offset relative to each other and having different angles of inclination to the horizon, which decrease in the downward direction, while under the lower output ends of the first and second parts, wipers of sticky soil are installed, which are formed by pairs of drive beaters installed with gaps with long elastic blades that have counter-rotating movements, above which on both sides drive brushes with short elastic rods that have directions of rotation are installed down.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is schematically shown in fig. 1 (general side view). In Fig. 2 this view A in fig. 1.

The device for transporting and cleaning roots and tubers consists of a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, above the upper inlet end of which is installed a reflective brush 3, formed by rods of elastic material. Behind the feed conveyor 2 is an obliquely located cleaning block, formed by three separate short, obliquely installed parts: the first 4, the second 5 and the third 6, which consist of pairs of drive (the drive is not shown) cylindrical rollers having counter-rotating movements in pairs. The specified parts 4, 5 and 6 are located in the longitudinal-vertical plane at different heights, are offset relative to each other and have different angles of inclination to the horizon. At the same time, the first part 4 has an angle of inclination to the horizon, part 5 is inclined to the horizon at an angle of sg, and part 6 has an angle of inclination to the horizon. The dimensions of the indicated angles of inclination decrease in the downward direction, i.e. o1»О2»az. In addition, pairs of drive cylindrical rollers of each of the parts 4, 5 and 6 have different directions of rotational movements (relative to each of the parts) and different angular velocities of counter-rotational movements. Thus, the angular velocities of the rotational movement of the pairs of rollers of part 4 - о are the largest, the angular velocities of the rotational movement of the rollers of part 5 - 02 are already smaller, and the angular velocities of the rotational movements of the rollers of part 6 - оз are the smallest, i.e. (001 » fo» 03. Under at the lower output ends of the first 4 and second 5 parts, wipers of sticky soil are installed, which are formed by pairs of drive beaters 7 with long elastic blades installed with gaps (the drive is not shown). Each pair of beaters 7 has counter-rotating movements. Above each beater 7 or on both on the sides of the pair of beaters 7 are installed drive brushes 8 (drives not shown) with short elastic rods that have downward rotation directions. Each pair of beaters 7 together with the two brushes 8 located above them form a conical shape. Under the lower outlet end of the cleaning unit , i.e., from the bottom of the drive cylindrical rollers of part 6, a finger cleaning slide 9 is installed obliquely, and an unloader is horizontally located under its lower end ny conveyor 10. Opposite the feeding conveyor 2, a protective screen 1 1 of an arc-shaped shape is installed. The directions of the flow of the root and tuber pile and the rotation of the working bodies of the device for transporting and cleaning the root and tuber crops are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. A pile of roots and tubers is fed using the feeding conveyor 2. Chop

The brush Z is installed on the frame 1 in such a way that its elastic rods are partially crushed, disperse the pile of roots and tubers into separate components and direct them to the surface of the cleaning unit. The arc-shaped protective scrap 1 1 installed opposite the feeding conveyor 2 prevents the loss of parts of a pile of root vegetables during loading. First, a partially scattered and crushed pile of root vegetables falls on the upper part 4 of the cleaning unit, that is, on a pair of its drive cylindrical rollers. Since the drive cylindrical rollers forming the first part 4 of the cleaning unit have counter-rotating movements with the greatest angular speed (31, and also due to the fact that the rollers have the greatest angle a: inclinations to the horizon, the pile of root vegetables begins to intensively move downwards under the influence of its own weight. The driving cylindrical rollers of the first separate short, inclined part 4 effectively capture soil impurities and plant residues and carry them in the reverse direction, that is, outside the device. Due to the fact that there is the largest undispersed pile of root vegetables, the highest angular velocity 01 the rotation of the cylindrical rollers significantly intensifies the process of capturing and removing impurities. The bodies of the root crops, rolling down, fall into the first scraper of sticky soil, which is formed by the drive beaters 7 installed from below with long elastic blades, and the drive brushes 8 installed from above with short elastic rods, t but the bodies of root and tuber fruits actually fall inside the scraper, which has a conical shape. Here, the process of wiping off the adhering soil from the side surfaces of the bodies of root crops occurs in such a way that the bodies of root crops first fall on the short elastic rods of the drive brushes 8, as a result of which the layers of soil stuck to the bodies of root crops are destroyed (chilling). The drive brushes 8 direct the bodies of root vegetables further inward, that is, to the surface of the drive beaters 7, which with their long elastic blades finally knock off the adhering soil from the bodies of root vegetables and push the bodies of root vegetables downwards through the gap between their drive shafts. The long elastic blades of the drive beaters 7 deliver blows (which, however, do not damage the bodies of the root vegetables) and they are pushed downward with acceleration and fall on the second short, obliquely installed part 5 of the cleaning unit. The driving cylindrical rollers of part 5 have a different direction of rotational movements, and therefore the bodies of root vegetables have some movements in the transverse plane. Due to the fact that the cylindrical rollers of the second part 5 have an angle of inclination sg of 60 to the horizon less than the angle at, their downward movement of the pile of roots and tubers slows down somewhat. Since the drive rollers of the second part 5 rotate with a lower angular speed 02, the bodies of root crops are not damaged, and soil impurities and plant residues are effectively captured by them and carried outside the device. After passing through the second 5th part of the cleaning block, the bodies of the root and tuber fruits fall into the second scraper of sticky soil, the operation of which is similar to that of the first scraper of sticky soil. And after that, the root tuber bodies roll onto the third separate short, slanted part 6. The cylindrical rollers of part b have the smallest angle z, and therefore the root tuber bodies slowly roll down them. Angular speed 03 here is also the smallest, which does not cause damage to the bodies of root crops. The directions of rotation of the driving cylindrical rollers of part b are opposite to the directions of rotation of the driving cylindrical rollers of part 5, and therefore the pile components here move in a horizontal direction, which generally increases the efficiency of capturing and removing impurities downwards.

Having reached the end of the cleaning block, that is, the end of the drive cylindrical rollers of the third part 6 of the root tuber body and some impurities fall on the canvas of the finger cleaning slide 9 and roll onto the unloading conveyor 10. And the soil impurities and plant residues that still remain are carried out through the upper end of the cleaning slide 9 outside the device.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will increase the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION A device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber fruits, consisting of a frame, a feeding conveyor, a deflector brush, a cleaning block installed at an angle, formed by drive cylindrical rollers with counter-rotating movements in pairs, as well as a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor, which is distinguished by the fact that the cleaning a block formed by three separate short, obliquely installed parts, located in the longitudinal-vertical plane at different heights, offset relative to each other and having different angles of inclination to the horizon, which decrease in the downward direction, while under the lower output ends of the first and second parts sticky soil wipers are installed, which are formed by pairs of drive beaters installed with gaps with long elastic blades that have counter-rotating movements, above which on both sides drive brushes with short elastic rods that have downward rotation directions are installed. ny Ya ko i oh a i shi ok o sht s ah x; yad is A y, r y chi y He s ikh zhk . - i che t g b Zk sewing e « in ni av t V. v | ray Cho E, and V a LK not t v is: , Kn u 4 yar x still a kch r -5 I and KZ s Fig, I (general view from the side) VILA Y I Uk Ki N y k p i (y shi i still shshnn I TSO TI B p. still la about MK I - Fig,. 2