UA119007C2 - DEVICES FOR THE TRANSPORT AND CLEANING OF ROOTBULLES - Google Patents

Abstract

The cleaning unit is formed sequentially arranged on the common obliquely placed shafts with three drive rollers having different directions in pairs of counter-rotational motions and forming a common clearing plane, above which there are clamping drive drums, with the same directions of rotation and perpendiculars of rotation. , above each of the rollers are two drums, which together form above the cleaning plane of the rollers common pressing plane, located at an acute angle to the cleaning the roller plane, the drums mounted on two brackets, one end of which is housed in the hinges and the other connected to the frame by compression springs, on the outer surfaces of the drums there is a rubber coating, and the two ends of each common shaft with rollers are also connected to frame by means of springs.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which can be used in potato harvesting machines.

There are many devices for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops from soil impurities and plant residues, which include, as a rule, a sequentially placed main active separating working body, made in the form of a screw or roller cleaner, as well as additional cleaning elements, which are rod conveyors, cleaning slides, clod shredders, chopper and guide brushes with elastic rods, etc. (book: Petrov

G.D. Potato harvesting machines. Calculation and design. M.: Mashinostroenie, 1972. - 400 p.).

The technological process of operation of these devices is carried out in such a way that the transition of a pile of roots and tubers from one cleaning working body to another takes place without activating its movements and applying different cleaning efforts based on the principle of action. First of all, this refers to the absence of the most effective vibrational principles for cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities in the known designs, when the separation of a pile of root and tuber crops occurs during its intensive shaking and the involvement of parts of the pile in a complex movement along different cleaning surfaces in different directions.

The closest to the claimed device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device, the technical essence of which is disclosed in the patent of Ukraine Mo 80790, A 01 O 33/08, published on October 25, 2007, Mo 17 bulletin - the closest analogue, which includes a frame, the conveyor, above which is placed the reflective brush, then the cleaning unit is installed obliquely, formed by the drive cylindrical rollers, which have a counter-rotating motion in pairs and which has the shape of a conical slit in the transverse plane. A drive activator in the form of a cantilevered conical auger is installed inside the cleaning unit at an angle, and an unloading conveyor for root tuber bodies is also located below the cleaning unit.

The closest analogue works in such a way that a pile of unpeeled root vegetables is fed from above by a feed conveyor, onto the surface of the cleaning block and begins to move downwards. The chopper brush grinds the pile and separates it into separate components. Movement of bodies

An activator, which also grinds and disperses the pile on the cleaning surface, helps from the roots and tubers downwards, inside the cleaning unit. On the surface of the driven cylindrical rollers, soil impurities and plant residues are captured by them and, due to the fact that the rollers have counter-rotating movements in pairs, the impurities are captured and carried outside the cleaner. Since the cleaning block in the longitudinal-vertical plane has the shape of a conical slit, the bodies of root vegetables, under the influence of their own weight, fall down and come into contact with the driving cylindrical rollers, and the adhering soil is separated from their surface.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities, which is due to the fact that the pile of root and tuber that is being cleaned does not have long-term contact with the surface of the cleaning block. The activator installed inside the cleaning unit effectively grinds a pile of roots and tubers, but it does not provide the conditions for the parts of the pile to be deliberately pressed against the cleaning surfaces, that is, against pairs of drive cylindrical rollers. On the contrary, such a shape and such an arrangement of the activator contributes to the removal of a part of the heap pile from the lower part of the gap formed by the cleaning drive cylindrical rollers.

The basis of the invention is the task of increasing the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

The task is solved by the fact that in the device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber fruits, which has a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, an inclined cleaning block is installed, formed by cylindrical drive rollers with counter-rotating movements in pairs, inside which an activator is installed, as well as a cleaning slide and unloading conveyor, according to the invention, the cleaning block is formed by three drive rollers located in series on common inclined shafts, which have different directions of counter-rotating movements in pairs and form a common cleaning plane, above which the pressing drive drums are located, with the same direction of rotation - downwards, the axes of which are located perpendicular to the axes of the rollers, and two drums are located above each of the rollers, which together form a common pressing plane above the cleaning plane of the rollers, which is located at an acute angle to the cleaning plane of the rollers, the drums are mounted on two brackets, one of the ends which are placed in hinges and others are connected to the frame by compression springs, the outer surfaces of the drums contain a rubber coating, and both ends of each of the common shafts with rollers are also connected to the frame by means of springs.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is schematically shown in Fig. 1 (general side view). In Fig. 2 this view A in Fig. 1.

The device for transporting and cleaning roots and tubers consists of a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, above the upper inlet end of which is installed a reflective brush 3, formed by rods of elastic material. Behind the feed conveyor 2, there is an obliquely located cleaning block, formed by three drive rollers (drives not shown) located in series on the common inclined shafts 4: upper 5, middle 6, and lower 7, which have different directions of counter-rotating movements in pairs and form a general cleaning the plane At the same time, in each row of the specified general cleaning plane, pairs of rollers 5 have one direction of counter-rotating movements in pairs, the next middle pair of rollers b has another direction of counter-rotating movements in pairs, and the lower pair of rollers 7 located below has (relative to the pair of rollers b) the opposite the direction of counter-rotational movements. At the same time, both ends of each of the common shafts 4 with rollers 5, 6 and 7 are connected to the frame 1 with the help of springs 8. Above the common cleaning plane, which is formed by pairs of rollers 5, 6 and 7, there is a pressing plane, which consists of two parts

The upper part of this plane consists of a cylindrical hinge 9, in which the drive drums (drives not shown) are mounted on the bracket 10, which has an angular (broken) shape: the front 11, which is mounted on the bent end of the bracket 10, and two lower drums 12, which are located on the straight part of the bracket 10. All drums 11 and 12 with the same direction of rotation - down. At the same time, the axes of the drums 11 and 12 are located perpendicular to the axes of the rollers 5, 6 and 7. The upper bent part of the bracket 10 is additionally connected to the frame 1 by means of a compression spring 13, which has a mechanism 14 for changing and fixing their length. The lower part of the clamping plane consists of a cylindrical hinge 15, in which a rectilinear bracket 16 with a lower, bent end is installed, on which the drive drums (drives not shown) 17 are also installed (all three drums 17 are located on the rectilinear part of the bracket 16). All drums 17 also have one direction of rotational movement - down. The lower bent end of the bracket 16 is additionally connected to the frame 1 by a compression spring 18 with

With mechanism 19 for changing and fixing its length. The outer surfaces of all drums 11, 12 and 17 have a rubber coating on the outer surfaces. Together, all drums 11, 12 and 17 form above the cleaning plane of rollers 5, b and 7, a common pressing plane located at an acute angle a to the cleaning plane of the rollers. Moreover, this pressing plane is located in such a way relative to the general cleaning plane formed by pairs of rollers 5, 6 and 7 that two drums are located above each of rollers 5, b and 7 (which form pairs that have counter-rotating movements), i.e. drums 11 and 12 (middle) are located above the surface of rollers 5, drums 12 (lower) and 17 (upper) are located above the surface of rollers 6, two drums 17 (middle and lower) are located above the surface of rollers 7. Under the lower output end of the cleaning unit, i.e. below the drive cylindrical rollers 7, a finger cleaning cucumber 20 is obliquely installed, and under its lower end there is a horizontal discharge conveyor 21. The directions of movement of root and tuber flows and rotation of the working organs of the device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber fruits are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. A pile of roots and tubers is fed by means of a feeding conveyor 2. The chopper brush C is installed on the frame 1 in such a way that its elastic rods partially crush, disperse a pile of roots and tubers into separate components and direct it to the surface of the cleaning unit. First, parts of the pile fall on the upper part of the cleaning block, that is, on pairs of rollers 5. At the same time, in the upper part of the pile, the piles are pushed onto the cleaning plane by drums 11 and 12, which are driving and have downward rotation directions.

Moving under the influence of its own weight in the downward direction, as well as with forced pressing downward, the pile parts are pressed (with the appropriate force) against the pairs of rollers 5 of the cleaning surface and, due to the fact that the rollers 5 form pairs and have counter-rotating movements in pairs, they are very effectively capture small soil impurities and plant remains and carry them down beyond the boundaries of the cleaner. The bodies of root crops cannot be captured by the pairs of rollers 5, and therefore, sliding along the rollers 5, they move further down and fall on the surface of the pairs of rollers b. Due to the fact that the pairs of rollers b already have different directions of movement, the bodies of root vegetables begin to move in the transverse direction, moving to another pair of rollers b. This also happens due to the fact that the lower roller 12, installed on the lower end of the bracket 10, installed in the pivot in the hinge 9 and connected to the spring 13, creates pressing forces for the bodies of root and tuber crops. At the same time, the bodies of the root crops are not damaged, since both ends of each of the common shafts 4 with all the rollers 5, 6 and 7 are also connected to the frame 1 with the help of springs 8. After that, the bodies of the root crops, moving downwards, pass to the next part of the cleaning surface, formed by pairs of rollers 7. Their movement in the transverse direction also occurs here, since the pairs of rollers 7 have opposite, relative to the pairs of rollers 6, directions of counter-rotating movements. The middle and lower drums 17, which are mounted on the bracket 16 and which is connected to the spring 18, create the corresponding pressing forces for the bodies of root vegetables. Using the mechanisms 14 and 19 for changing and fixing their lengths (according to their stiffness), it is possible to adjust the forces created by the springs 13 and 18 for pressing the drums 12 and 17 against the cleaning surface.

Due to the fact that the pressing surface, which is formed by drums 11, 12 and 17, has an angle a with the cleaning plane of the rollers, there is a guaranteed tightening and downward movement of the root tuber bodies and their active contact with the cleaning and pressing surfaces.

It also contributes to the effective cleaning of the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root crops from adhering soil. Due to the fact that the outer surfaces of all drums 11, 12 and 17 have a rubber coating, this also helps to clean the bodies of root vegetables from adhering soil without damaging them. Having reached the end of the cleaning surface, the root tuber bodies and some impurities fall on the canvas of the finger cleaning slide 20 and roll onto the unloading conveyor 21. And the impurities are carried out of the device through the upper end of the cleaning slide.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will increase the efficiency of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION A device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which consists of a frame, a feeding conveyor, a deflecting brush, a cleaning block installed at an angle, formed by drive cylindrical rollers with counter-rotating movements in pairs, inside which an activator is installed, as well as a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor, which is distinguished by Zo by the fact that the cleaning block is formed by three drive rollers located in series on common inclined shafts, which have different directions of counter-rotating movements in pairs and form a common cleaning plane, above which are located pressing drive drums, with the same direction of rotation - downwards, the axes of which are located perpendicular to the axes of the rollers, and two drums are located above each of the rollers, which together form a common pressing plane above the cleaning plane of the rollers, which is located at an acute angle to the cleaning plane of the rollers, the drums are mounted on two brackets, one of the ends of which is hinged and others connected to the frame by compression springs, the outer surfaces of the drums contain a rubber coating, and both ends of each of the common roller shafts are also connected to the frame by means of springs.