UA128022C2 - Method of vibratory transportation and cleaning of root and tuberous crops and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agriculture and relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular methods used in the transportation of root and tuberous crops and providing simultaneous cleaning of soil impurities and plant residues. The method of vibratory transportation and cleaning of root and tuberous crops includes the operations of transporting a heap of root and tuberous crops, interaction of root and tuberous crops with elements of cleaning working bodies and unloading. When transporting the heap, it is vibrationally crushed into separate portions by periodic forceful pressing against the transporting working body using a fork-shaped brush chopper, then the flows of impurities and root and tuberous fruit bodies are forcibly separated, tearing the latter from the transporting working body upwards with a vibrating gripper, and finally cleaned of adhering soil by throwing them with acceleration onto an active arc-shaped brush cleaning surface. The device for vibratory transportation and cleaning of root and tuber crops includes a main frame, a feed conveyor with a bar cleaning brush installed above the upper working branch with an appropriate gap, and an unloading conveyor. A cleaning brush is installed above the working upper branch of the feed conveyor, which is made in the form of a slingshot-type brush chopper mounted on the main frame rotationally and connected to a vibration mechanism, and above the outlet end of the feed conveyor there is a vibrating gripper in the form of two drive brushes forming an acute angle with the upper branch of the feed conveyor, made with the possibility of counter-rotational movement, the lower of which has a gap with the working branch of the conveyor, and the upper is connected to a compression spring. At the same time, on the reverse side, opposite the vibrating gripper, there is an active brush cleaning surface in the form of drive brushes, which form an arcuate surface, which is directed with a concavity to the vibrating gripper, and their directions of rotational movements are the same and directed downward. The technical result is to improve the quality of cleaning root and tuberous vegetables from impurities.

Description

a rod cleaning brush and an unloading conveyor are installed. A cleaning brush is installed above the working upper part of the feed conveyor, which is made in the form of a slingshot-type brush chopper, mounted on the main frame in a rotatable manner and connected to the vibration mechanism, and above the output end of the feed conveyor there is a vibration catcher in the form of two drive brushes that form is an acute angle with the upper gear of the feeding conveyor, designed with the possibility of counter-rotating movement, the lower one of which has a gap with the working branch of the conveyor, and the upper one is connected to the compression spring. At the same time, on the reverse side, opposite the vibrating catcher, there is an active brush cleaning surface in the form of drive brushes, which form an arc-shaped surface, which is directed by its concavity towards the vibrating catcher, and their directions of rotational movements are the same and directed downwards.

The technical result consists in improving the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities. more from room 1.3 4 111 87

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The invention belongs to the field of agriculture and relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular, the methods used /- in the transportation of root crops and ensure their cleaning from soil impurities and plant residues at the same time.

Most of the known methods of transportation and simultaneous cleaning of root vegetables from impurities include the basic operation of transporting a pile of root vegetables (a layer of soil of a certain mass, size and shape, inside which root vegetables are located as solid bodies, rhizomes, stones, parts of sedges, other plant impurities that should have been on the surface of the field and were captured together with the undermined layer of soil), which is obtained after excavation from the soil, during which other additional operations are performed, which make it possible to separate the components of the pile and clean the root tuber bodies from the adhering soil and at the same time ensure the cleaning of the transporting and separating working bodies (see, for example, patent of Ukraine Mo 118937, Method of transportation and cleaning of root vegetables and device for its implementation, AO10 91/02, publ. 25.03.2019, Byul. Mo 6).

A known method of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which includes the operations of transporting a pile of root and tuber crops, their interaction with the elements of the cleaning working bodies and further removal of the separation components in opposite directions (patent of Ukraine

Mo 119118, AO10 91/02, publ. 04/25/2019, Bul. 8 - the closest analogue).

The disadvantages of this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables include the inability to effectively destroy and grind parts of the pile and the low quality of cleaning the side surfaces of root vegetables from adhering soil. These shortcomings are due to the fact that, despite the fact that at the end of transportation, the bodies of root vegetables move downward, and impurities (in the form of parts of the soil and plant residues) are captured by the ends of the rods and rise up, that is, they move in the other direction, in the case of separation of parts of heavy pile (strong soil formations, intertwined rhizomes, stones, etc.) it is actually not destroyed and not crushed, the removal of root tuber bodies from the pile is slow (and not always complete), and therefore the quality of their cleaning is significantly reduced.

The closest to the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is

From the device listed in the patent of Ukraine Mo 119118, AO10 91/02, publ. 04/25/2019, Bul. 8, the closest analogue, which consists of a feeding conveyor, above the output end of which a driven cleaning brush with long elastic rods is installed, on the outside of which there is a stationary cylindrical body, which houses a screw conveyor for collecting and removing impurities.

The closest analogue works in such a way that parts of a pile of root vegetables are fed by the feeding conveyor and, reaching its output end, fall into the area of action of the driven cleaning brush. The elastic rods of the brush destroy parts of the pile, grab the impurities with elastic rods and lift them up, and the bodies of root vegetables move down (under the influence of their own weight) and are finally unloaded.

The disadvantages of this device are the low quality of cleaning the roots and tubers from impurities, because, despite the cleaning of the most elastic rods of the driven cleaning brush from stuck soil, the interaction of the roots and tubers with the cleaning working body occurs only from above, that is, in one place. And this interaction takes place very quickly.

The elastic rods of the cleaning drive brush are unable to effectively destroy and grind parts of the pile, especially in the case of transporting heavy soil that surrounds the bodies of root crops. Also, this device has a very limited ability to effectively clean the side surfaces of the bodies of root vegetables from adhering soil.

The invention is based on the task of improving the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

To achieve this, a method of vibrational transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers is proposed, which includes operations of transporting a pile of roots and tubers, interaction of roots and tubers with elements of the cleaning working bodies and unloading. When transporting the pile, it is vibrationally crushed into separate portions by periodically forcefully pressing against the transporting working body with the help of a slingshot-type brush chopper, then forcibly separates the streams of impurities and bodies of root vegetables, tearing the latter from the transporting working body upward with a vibrating grabber, and finally cleans the adhering soil by throwing them with acceleration on the arc-shaped brush cleaning surface.

In the device for implementing this method, which includes a main frame, a feeding conveyor, above the working branch of which, with a corresponding gap, a rod cleaning brush is installed, and an unloading conveyor. A cleaning brush is installed above the working upper part of the feed conveyor, which is made in the form of a slingshot-type brush chopper, mounted on the main frame in a rotatable manner and connected to the vibration mechanism, and above the output end of the feed conveyor there is a vibration catcher in the form of two drive brushes that form is an acute angle with the upper branch of the feeding conveyor, in the version with the possibility of counter-rotating movement, the lower one of which has a gap with the working branch of the conveyor, and the upper one is connected to the compression spring. At the same time, on the reverse side, opposite the vibrating catcher, there is an active brush cleaning surface in the form of drive brushes, which form an arc-shaped surface, which is directed by its concavity towards the vibrating catcher, and their directions of rotational movements are the same and directed downwards.

Thus, to the existing set of operations of transporting and cleaning a pile of root vegetables from impurities, this method introduces a fundamentally new operation for vibrating a pile of root vegetables during its transportation. This new operation is performed simultaneously with the transportation of the entire pile of root vegetables, does not in any way interfere with the transportation process itself, and is carried out by guaranteed crushing of the pile into separate small portions. This significantly increases the efficiency of the entire transportation process, as it in no way reduces the productivity of the cleaning process. This new operation also contributes to a much more effective removal of any impurities from the bodies of root vegetables at the stage of the transportation of parts of the pile itself. In this case, a solid pile of density falls on the transporting working body, and in fact, at the end of the transportation process, its individual crushed portions are already obtained, from which a significant amount of small soil impurities and plant residues have already been removed. This grinding is carried out due to the periodic forceful pressing of parts of the pile to the transporting working body. In this method, this new force-forced pressing operation occurs in such a way that it is applied from above to the continuous pile flow and is carried out in the most effective vibration manner, and the transportation operation continuously occurs in the horizontal direction, and this circumstance contributes not only to effective crushing, but also stretching parts of the pile along the length and its mandatory

With separation into separate components. Root tuber bodies, in contrast to soil impurities and plant residues, are separated from the crushed parts of the pile and are concentrated (as solid bodies) on the surfaces of these parts. All this is done with the help of a slingshot-type brush chopper. Further, at the end of the process of transportation and crushing of parts of the pile into separate portions and the separation of root and tuber bodies from them, the following new operation is carried out in this method to forcibly separate the flows of impurities and root and tuber bodies in separate directions, as a result of which almost all impurities are transported without obstacles in one direction ( that is, they are removed), and the bodies of root vegetables are actually forcibly and individually detached from the transportation operation and directed upwards. This new operation is carried out by a vibrating tuber harvester. And, finally, in this method of vibratory transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers from impurities, another new operation is carried out for their forced throwing with acceleration to the final active cleaning of the side surfaces from adhering soil, which is carried out by an arc-shaped brush surface.

Such a set of fundamentally new operations contributes to a significant increase in the quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities, which cannot be achieved by any known similar method.

The device with which it is proposed to carry out this method is schematically shown in the drawing - a general side view.

The device for vibrating transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers has a main frame 1, on which a feeding conveyor 2 is installed, which has a horizontal arrangement. A slingshot-type brush chopper is installed above the working blade of the feed conveyor 2, actually above its receiving end. At the same time, its upper end is rotatably mounted on the main frame 1 (i.e., in a cylindrical joint), and on both lower ends of the slingshot there are drive rod brushes 4 (drives are not shown), which are formed by elastic rods, the ends of which (when the chopper 3 is positioned horizontally) have the corresponding gaps between the working branch of the feeding conveyor 2. The directions of the rotary movements of the rod brushes 4 are the same and are directed towards the working shaft of the feeding conveyor 2.

The ratchet-like shape of the brush chopper Z ensures the appropriate distance between the rod brushes 4. The brush chopper Z is kinematically connected to the vibration action mechanism 5, which with the given frequency and amplitude forms its oscillating (rotating) movements in the longitudinal-vertical plane, and in fact ensures that the rod brushes 4 periodically go down, i.e., periodically press down and rise to the appropriate height relative to the working branch of the feeding conveyor 2. Above the output end of the feeding conveyor 2, there is a vibratory gripper of the bodies of root and tuber crops in the form of two drive (the drive is not shown) brushes - the lower 6 and the upper 7 , the axes of which are located on the same straight line, which forms an acute angle (0) with the working branch of the feeding conveyor 2. The lower 6 and upper 7 brushes have short elastic rods and counter-rotating movements. The lower brush 6 has a fixed gap (A) with the working branch of the feed conveyor 2, and there is also an initial gap (An) between the brushes themselves 6 and 7. The drive axis of the upper brush 7 is connected to the main frame 1 by a compression spring 8, which forms its oscillating movements when the load changes, that is, when the bodies of root vegetables are periodically captured and clamped. On the back (outer) side of the brushes 6 and 7, opposite the vibration catcher, there is a separate brush cleaning surface in the form of several sequentially installed drive brushes 9, which form a single arc-shaped surface, which is directed by its concavity to the vibration catcher, that is, from the back side of the brushes 6 and 7, and their rotational directions are the same and directed downwards.

Brushes 9 are also formed by elastic rods. Under the brush cleaning surface, that is, under the brushes 9, there is an unloading conveyor 10. The space between the lowest brush 9 and the output end of the feeding conveyor 2 (taking into account the inclined arc-shaped gap), as well as from some sides of the cleaning and transporting working bodies of the device, is closed by protective screens 11 different configuration. At the same time, over the working branch of the unloading conveyor 10, the protective screens 11 actually form a stationary channel for the bodies of root and tuber crops, located vertically. Protective screens 11 in other parts of the device prevent the loss of parts of the pile and root tuber bodies. The directions of the translational movement of parts of the pile, the bodies of root crops and impurities in general, as well as the rotational and oscillating movements of the working organs of the device are shown by arrows.

There is a working device for vibrating transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers, which can implement this method in this way. A pile of roots and tubers from the excavating working body (not shown in the diagram) is continuously fed in a continuous flow to the input end of the feed conveyor 2 and begins to move horizontally by its upper working branch in the direction of the output end. But thanks to the fact that I am working as a waiter

From the conveyor 2, actually above its receiving end, a brush chopper of the slingshot type is installed, so a continuous flow of pile falls into its area of action. Due to the fact that the upper end of the shredder Z is mounted on the main frame 1 in a cylindrical hinge, and on both lower ends of the slingshot there are drive rod brushes 4, which are formed by elastic rods, they alternately perform vibration movements from top to bottom, pressing a continuous flow of pile to the working branch of the feed conveyor 2, effectively crushing it and dividing it into separate small portions. This happens due to the fact that the brush chopper Z is kinematically connected to the vibration mechanism 5, which provides oscillating movements to the brushes 4 in the longitudinal-vertical plane with a given frequency and amplitude.

At the same time, the rod brushes 4 are periodically (alternately) lowered down, pressing against the upper web of the feed conveyor 2, and rise up to the appropriate height relative to the working branch of the feed conveyor 2. This creates the conditions under which the elastic rods of the drive brushes 4 divide the continuous pile flow into separate small parts (portions), but also thanks to the rotational movements, parts of the pile are stretched along the upper web of the feeding conveyor 2. Such force pressing, which is carried out vibrationally in combination with the rotational movements of the brushes 4, contributes not only to guaranteed crushing, but also to a very effective separation of the pile into separate components . The slingshot-like shape of the brush chopper C ensures the appropriate distance between the rod brushes 4, which ensures the size of the crushed portions of the pile. As a result of the specified grinding, which is carried out due to the periodic forceful pressing of parts of the pile by brushes 4 to the feeding conveyor 2, small soil impurities and plant residues are immediately sifted through the bars of the feeding conveyor 2, and the bodies of root vegetables (as solid bodies) are concentrated on top of the pile that still remains on the conveyor 2. Since the directions of the rotational movements of the rod brushes 4 are the same and are directed towards the working branch of the feeding conveyor 2, they create relative movements for parts of the pile in the direction to the output end of the feeding conveyor 2, which are additional for the parts of the pile, since the working branch of the feeding conveyor 2 transports parts of the pile in the same direction. This creates the effect of "grinding" the pile and the bodies of root vegetables are guaranteed to end up on top of parts of the pile. At the same time, the impurities are strongly crushed and form a layer of a small height, which moves further in the direction of the output end of the feeding conveyor 2. In a significantly crushed and dispersed form 60, the pile of root vegetables reaches the output end of the feeding conveyor 2, where the vibrating catcher of the root vegetables bodies is located in the form of two drive brushes b and 7, the axes of which are located on the same straight line, which forms an acute angle (4) with the working gear of the feed conveyor 2. This arrangement at an angle (4) contributes to the guaranteed clamping of parts of the pile (that is, the effect of reflecting the bodies of root and tuber crops in the opposite direction is excluded) in the vibrating grabber. All impurities through the gap (A) between the lower brush 6 and the working branch of the feeding conveyor 2 at its outlet end are carried unimpeded and guaranteed down beyond the device. The bodies of the roots and tubers are captured by the short rods of the lower brush 6 and, thanks to the angle of inclination (c) and the support of the parts of the pile, rise up to the appropriate height. Here, the root tuber bodies are captured by the short elastic rods of the upper brush 7 and thanks to the counter-rotating movements of the brushes 6 and 7, are pushed through the gap (An). At the same time, since the drive axis of the upper brush 7 is connected to the main frame 1 by a compression spring 8, the bodies of root vegetables of different sizes and shapes are necessarily captured and both brushes b and 7 actually break away from the working branch of the feeding conveyor 2. In addition, thanks to the mobility of the upper brush 7 and spring 8 when lifting, capturing, clamping and pushing the bodies of root vegetables through the gap (An), its oscillating movements are additionally formed when the load changes, which contribute to the conditions for additional cleaning of the side surfaces of the bodies of root vegetables from adhering soil. However, at the same time, the root tuber bodies captured by both brushes b and 7, due to counter-rotational motion, are thrown with acceleration in the opposite direction. And here, on the reverse side of the brushes 6 and 7, just opposite the vibrating catcher, there is a separate brush cleaning surface in the form of several consecutively installed driving brushes 9, onto which the bodies of root vegetables are thrown. There are elastic shocks of the bodies of the roots and tubers against the elastic rods of the brushes 9. At the same time, thanks to the fact that together the brushes 9 form a single arc-shaped surface, which is directed by its concavity to the vibrating catcher, and their directions of rotational movements are the same and directed downwards, the elastic shocks are significantly softened and there are actually oblique blows, thanks to which the adhering soil is effectively covered from the side surfaces of the bodies of root crops. The concave arc-shaped surface formed by the driving brushes 9, which have rotational movements directed downwards, contribute to the elongated movement of each individual body of the root tuber over the entire given cleaning surface in the downward direction. Elastic brush bars 9

Zo also capture impurities and carry them in the opposite direction outside the device. Further, through the vertical channel formed by the protective screens 11, which is located directly above the unloading conveyor 12, the bodies of the roots and tubers, completely cleaned of impurities, fall under the action of their own weight downwards onto this conveyor 12, which loads them into the hopper or directly into the vehicle.

There are also other options for devices that are able to implement this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

The application of the proposed method will improve the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

Claims (2)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. The method of vibrational transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers, which includes the operations of transporting a pile of roots and tubers, the interaction of roots and tubers with the elements of the cleaning working bodies and unloading, which is distinguished by the fact that during transportation of the pile, it is vibrationally crushed into separate portions by periodic forceful pressing against the transporting working body with the help of a brush using a slingshot-type shredder, they then forcefully separate the streams of impurities and bodies of root and tuber crops, separating the latter from the transporting working body upwards with a vibrating grabber, and finally clean the adhering soil by throwing them with acceleration onto an active brush-shaped arc-shaped cleaning surface. 2. Device for vibrating transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers, which includes a main frame, a feeding conveyor, above the working branch of which, with an appropriate gap, a rod cleaning brush is installed, and an unloading conveyor, which is characterized by the fact that the cleaning brush is made in the form of a slingshot-type brush chopper , installed on the main frame in a rotatable manner and connected to the mechanism of vibration action, and above the output end of the feed conveyor there is a vibration gripper in the form of two drive brushes that form an acute angle with the upper branch of the feed conveyor, designed with the possibility of counter-rotational movement, the lower one with which has a gap with the working branch of the conveyor, and the upper one is connected to the compression spring, while on the reverse side, opposite the vibrating catcher, there is a brush cleaning surface in the form of