UA117285C2 - METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION AND CLEANING OF ROOT BREEDING PLANTS AND DEVICES FOR ITS PERFORMANCE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Object of the invention: method and apparatus. 2. Field of application: mechanization of agricultural production. 3. The essence of the invention: at the same time as the shaking of the pile of root tubers, it is additionally activated inside the shaker, providing periodic gripping and purifying efforts for the bodies of root tubers, in directions other than the direction of the main shaking, in alternating angular directions, which are performed by additional vibration which, in addition, form a double vibrating downward shaking effort for the bodies of the root tubers, which is simultaneously created by the shaker and the activator. The lower output end of the shredder, consisting of pairs of drive brushes with short elastic blades, forms an additional vibration activator, which consists of two separate rotating parts directed to each other, the outer ends of which are in the hinges mounted at the bottom of the shredder interconnected by a common, flat movable hinge, which is kinematically coupled to an additional vibration action mechanism located outside of the shredder and providing separate portions of the output ends peretrushuvacha vibrating angular movements of certain amplitude and frequency. 4. Technical result: increase of quality (by 25… 30%) and productivity (by 1.5… 2 times) of cleaning of root tubers from impurities.

Description

to one, the outer ends of which are located in the hinges installed in the lower part of the crusher, and the inner ones are connected to each other by a common, flat movable hinge, which is kinematically connected to the additional vibration mechanism, which is located outside the crusher and provides separate parts of the output end of the crusher vibrational angular movements with certain amplitudes and frequencies. 4. Technical result: an increase in the quality (by 25...30 95) and productivity (by 1.5...2 times) of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

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The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to the methods used in the transportation of root crops and ensuring their simultaneous cleaning from soil impurities and plant residues.

There are well-known methods of transporting and cleaning roots and tubers, which are implemented by root-harvesting machines, and which include operations: feeding a pile of dug root-and-bulb crops to the separating working bodies, transporting the pile through the working bodies that separate it from impurities and unloading it into a vehicle (book: Yu.B. Avanesov etc. "Beetroot harvesting machines!" - Moscow: Kolos, 1979).

The disadvantage of such methods is the low quality and productivity of root tuber cleaning. Despite the fact that the pile is for a long time (sometimes up to 30 seconds) on different working organs that separate according to the principle of action, root vegetables move along them chaotically, and the direct interaction of each root vegetable with the cleaning working organ is not always ensured due to a significant layer of soil and plant remains. therefore, their cleaning is often very uneven, in other cases some of them are injured due to excessive contact with cleaning working bodies.

The closest to the proposed method is the method, the essence of which is disclosed in the declaratory patent for a utility model Mo 4953, AOTO 91/02, publ. 02/15/2005, Bull. Mo 2 - the closest analogue - and which includes feeding a pile of roots and tubers into the cleaning zone and its interaction with active and passive elements of the cleaning working bodies, vibrational shaking of the pile and subsequent unloading.

The disadvantage of this method remains the low quality of cleaning the pile of root vegetables, which contains a lot of plant remains, strong soil impurities of various sizes and soil stuck to the side surfaces of the bodies of root vegetables. At the same time, bound soil, strong soil impurities, and accumulation of plant remains are not able to be effectively separated into separate components and they gradually accumulate inside the crusher. All this makes it necessary to periodically get rid of the largest accumulation of plant remains and strong soil impurities inside the vibratory crusher. Our experimental studies have established that shaking a pile of root crops with a vibrating shaker, even when a wide range of vibration frequencies is applied, leads to a slight height of bouncing of the constituent elements of the pile.

The closest to the proposed device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device listed in the declaratory patent for a utility model Mo 4953, АО10 91/02, publ. 02/15/2005, Bull. Mo 2 - the closest analogue - and which consists of a feed conveyor, a pile shaker of vibration action, made in the form of a convex cavity, installed on elastic supports and kinematically connected to the mechanism of oscillating movements, while its lower output part has an arc-shaped shape, formed pairs of drive brushes with short elastic rods, as well as, installed below the crusher, cleaning working bodies in the form of a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor.

The closest analogue works in such a way that a pile of roots and tubers, which is cleaned, is fed by a feed conveyor into the cavity of a vibratory shaker.

Thanks to the fact that the vibratory shaker is mounted on two elastic supports and kinematically connected to the mechanism of oscillatory movements, it performs intensive oscillations, shaking of parts of the pile, and when they fall down, as separate components, they pass through pairs of drive brushes with short elastic rods, as a result of which are more dispersed, and sticky soil separates from the lateral surfaces of the bodies of root crops. Further, reaching the bottom of the crusher, the cleaning working organs in the form of a cleaning slide of the body of the root and tuber fruit finally get rid of all impurities, roll down (as round bodies) and with the help of an unloading conveyor are loaded into a hopper or a vehicle.

The disadvantages of this device are also the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities and low cleaning performance, which is due to the fact that the pile of root and tuber products, which contains a lot of soil impurities and plant residues, cannot be effectively destroyed inside the shredder itself. And therefore, in most cases, the shredder cannot get rid of them and they, together with the bodies of root and tuber fruits, continue to be in its middle. This is due to the fact that soil impurities can actually be destroyed only at the bottom of the crusher and their destruction is possible only on pairs of drive brushes with short elastic rods (due to blows on the brushes), which is clearly not enough.

The invention is based on the task of ensuring high-quality and productive cleaning of 60 root and tuber crops from impurities.

To achieve this, a method of transporting and cleaning roots and tubers is proposed, which involves transportation of the pile, vibrational shaking, feeding into the cleaning zone and interaction with active and passive elements of the cleaning working bodies and further unloading, according to the invention, simultaneously with the shaking of the pile of root and tuber crops, it is additionally activated inside the shaker, providing periodic exciting and cleaning forces for the bodies of root vegetables, in directions different from the direction of the main shaking, in variable angular directions, which are carried out by an additional vibration activator from inside the heap of piles, which, in addition, create for the bodies of root vegetables double vibration forces of downward shaking, which are simultaneously created by the shaker and an activator.

In the device for the implementation of this method, which includes a frame, a feeding conveyor, a pile shaker of vibration action with a lower outlet formed by brushes with short elastic rods and with a pairwise counter-rotating movement, cleaning organs in the form of a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor, according to the invention, the lower output end of the shaker, consisting of pairs of drive brushes with short elastic blades, forms an additional vibration activator, which consists of two separate rotating parts directed towards each other, the outer ends of which are located in hinges installed in the lower part of the shaker, and the inner ones are connected by a common flat movable joint, which is kinematically connected to the additional vibration action mechanism located outside the shaker and provides individual parts of the output end of the shaker with vibration angular movements with certain amplitudes and frequencies.

Thus, to the existing set of operations for transporting and cleaning a pile of root vegetables from plant remains and soil impurities, a fundamentally new operation is introduced to provide a pile of root vegetables, simultaneously with its vibrating shaking, significant additional activation inside the shaker itself by providing additional periodic exciting and cleansing efforts for the bodies of root vegetables .

Moreover, periodic exciting and cleansing efforts for the bodies of root vegetables are additionally provided. In addition, the pile of root crops, which is already inside the crusher, is provided with destructive forces directed upwards. These efforts are carried out in

From directions different from the direction of the main shaking, in variable angular directions, which are carried out by an additional vibration activator. These forces are provided from the inside of the heap and, in addition, create for the bodies of root crops double vibrational forces of shaking downwards, which are simultaneously created by the shaker and the activator. In addition, a fundamentally new operation is introduced for the formation of double vibrational forces for the bodies of root vegetables to shake them down. And this operation is simultaneously created by the shaker and the activator. Such a combination of double vibrational efforts guarantees a very effective cleaning of their side surfaces from adhering soil when the bodies of root vegetables move downwards. In general, the introduction of two fundamentally new operations, when additional destructive, exciting and cleaning forces are formed from the inside of the pile with directions that are different from the direction of the main shaking, that is, in variable angular directions formed for the bodies of root vegetables, as well as the combination of periodic double vibrational efforts to shake the bodies of root and tuber crops downwards allows to significantly increase the quality and productivity of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities. In addition, the selection of appropriate amplitudes and frequencies of the vibration action of the activator allows you to change within wide limits the directions and angles of the indicated capture and cleaning of the bodies of root and tuber crops from impurities and sticky soil.

The drawing schematically shows the device (general side view) with the help of which it is proposed to implement this method.

The device has a frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, a chopper brush C with long elastic rods installed above its output end, a pile crusher 4 of vibrating action, one end of which is mounted on a spring 5, and the other is kinematically connected to the mechanism b of its oscillating movements. In the lower output end of the shaker 4, an additional vibration activator is installed, consisting of two separate rotating parts 7, the outer ends of which are located in the hinges 8 installed in the lower part of the shaker 4, and its inner ends are connected to each other by a common, flat movable hinge 9 .Two separate rotary parts 7 contain drive (drive not shown) brushes 10 having a counter-rotating motion in pairs and short elastic blades. The flat movable joint 9 is kinematically connected by means of a kinematic thrust to the additional vibration mechanism 11, which is located outside the shaker 4 and provides individual rotary parts 7 of the output end of the shaker 4 with vibration movements with certain amplitudes and frequencies. In Fig. 1 flat rotating parts 7, because together with pairs of drive brushes 10 are shown in two extreme positions: the lowest, when the parts 7 form a solid straight line and when the mechanism 11 has turned the parts 7 in the hinges 8 (for a common flat movable hinge 9) to the maximum upper the position in which each of the parts 7 has turned in the hinges 8 to the maximum angle y. From below, under the vibratory shaker 4, i.e. under its lower output part, a finger cleaning slide 12 is obliquely installed, and an unloading conveyor 13 is placed under its lower end. Opposite the feeding conveyor 2, inside the cavity of the shaker 4, a guide tray 14 of an arc-shaped shape is installed. The directions of the oscillating movements of the vibratory shaker 4, which are created by the mechanism 6, as well as the additional mechanism 11 of the vibrating action, and the rotational and translational movements of the working bodies are shown by arrows.

The device works like this. During operation, the feeding conveyor 2 continuously feeds a pile of roots and tubers to be cleaned inside the vibrating shaker 4.

At the same time, due to the fact that a chopper brush 3 is installed above its output end, a continuous flow of a bunch of root vegetables is captured by its long elastic rods, crushed, divided into separate components and with acceleration are directed to the arc-shaped guide tray 14. As a result of elastic impacts on the guide tray 14 parts of a bunch of roots and tubers are further divided into separate components and are guaranteed to fall into the cavity of the vibratory thresher 4. Due to the fact that the lower output end of the shaker 4 contains an additional vibration activator formed by two separate rotating parts 7 and consisting of pairs of drive brushes 10 having a counter-rotating movement and short elastic blades, parts of the heap fall from above directly onto the brushes 10, are destroyed and are further divided into separate components. Pairs of driving brushes 10 capture the bodies of root crops, soil impurities and plant residues and carry them outside the shredder 4. But, since the vibratory pile shredder 4 has one end mounted on a spring 5, and the other is kinematically connected to the mechanism b of its oscillating movements , then by oscillating in the longitudinal-vertical plane with a certain amplitude and frequency, it significantly activates the process of destroying parts of the pile and capturing and transporting down the bodies of root crops. At the same time, since the outer ends of individual parts 7 are located in the hinges 8 installed in the lower part of the shaker 4, and the inner ends are connected to each other by a common, flat movable hinge 9, which is kinematically connected to

From the additional mechanism 11 of vibration action, a separate angular oscillating process of parts 7 and the pairs of driving brushes 10 also takes place. Thus, there is an application (doubling) of vibrational forces to capture the bodies of root vegetables with short elastic blades of pairs of brushes 10, their transportation, cleaning from stuck bent and final shaking down. The specified combination of double vibrational forces guarantees a very effective separation of the components of the pile and the separation of the root tuber bodies from it when the root tuber bodies move downwards. This combination of vibrational forces simultaneously creates a mechanism of vibrational action b for the crusher 4 and an additional mechanism of vibrational action 11 for each of the individual parts 7 with pairs of brushes 10. It is this combination of double vibrational forces that guarantees a very effective cleaning of the roots and tubers when they move downward lateral surfaces from adhering soil, even greater grinding of parts of the pile and its separation into separate components, which will then be separated much more easily and efficiently. But for the entire pile of roots and tubers, which continuously enters the crusher 4, the oscillating angular movements of individual parts 7, which are carried out by providing additional periodic destructive, exciting and cleansing efforts for the bodies of root vegetables, in this case, they are applied in directions that are different from the direction of the main shaking, i.e. in variable angular directions, since the angles in the inclination of individual parts 7 change. Thus, the pairs of brushes 10 come into contact with the heap and with the bodies of root vegetables not only from the inside, but also during the constant change of the angles of inclination y, which is carried out by the mechanism 11. to the maximum lifting, by the additional mechanism 11 of vibration action behind the common flat movable hinge 9, individual parts 7 during their rotation in the hinges 8, i.e. to the maximum upper position, at which each of the parts 7 has turned in the hinges 8 to the maximum angle y, a pile of connected heap (in the composition of wet soil, intertwined rhizomes, and plant residues) is destroyed from the inside (from below) and actually splits in half, while the bodies of root vegetables are captured by pairs of brushes 10 already from both of its inclined sides of a heap divided in half. At the lowest possible position, when parts 7 form a solid straight line (that is, when the angles are y-0), the root tuber bodies are captured from above. At intermediate angles of inclination, the capture of the root tuber bodies occurs already with other conditions that change rapidly. This significantly activates the process of applying exciting and cleaning forces to the bodies of root vegetables, when these forces are applied in directions that are different from the direction of the main shaking, that is, in variable angular directions directly from the inside of the pile. If we take into account that at the same time, double vibration forces of downward shaking are created for the bodies of root and tuber fruits, which are simultaneously created by the shaker 4 and the additional mechanism of vibration action 11, then this ensures a significant increase in the quality and productivity of cleaning root and tuber fruits from impurities. After the vibratory action crusher 4 passes through a pair of drive brushes 10 with short elastic blades, the root tuber bodies and some small soil impurities and plant residues fall onto the finger cleaning slide 12. Since the finger cleaning slide 12 is installed at an angle to the horizon, the root tuber fruits (as round bodies) roll down its working surface, and other components of the heap (small soil impurities and plant remains) are captured by its fingers, rise up and finally leave the cleaning zone through the upper end. The root crops then fall onto the conveyor belt 13 and are transported by it into a hopper or into a vehicle.

The kinematic characteristics of the vibration movements of the shaker 4, created by the mechanism 6, as well as the kinematic characteristics of the additional vibration activator, created by the vibration mechanism 11, must take into account the degree of impurity contamination of the pile of root vegetables, which is submitted for cleaning. Thus, in the case of separating a heavy pile of root crops, that is, a pile that contains a lot of wet, heavy (chernozem, loam) soil, large soil clods, stones, there is a large pile of rhizomes, gorse, and other plant remains, the specified parameters of oscillatory movements should be increased .

The use of the proposed method will allow to increase the quality of root and tuber cleaning by 25...30 95 and increase the cleaning productivity by 1.5...2 times.

Claims (2)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. The method of transportation and cleaning of roots and tubers, which includes transportation of the pile, its vibrational shaking, feeding into the cleaning zone and interaction with active and passive elements of cleaning working bodies and further unloading, which is distinguished by the fact that simultaneously with the shaking of the pile of roots and tubers, it is additionally activated inside the shaker , providing periodic exciting and cleansing efforts for Zo bodies of root vegetables, in directions different from the direction of the main shaking, in variable angular directions, which are carried out by an additional vibration activator from inside the heap, which, in addition, create double vibration forces of downward shaking for the bodies of root vegetables, which are simultaneously created by the shaker and the activator. 2. A device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which includes a frame, a feeding conveyor, a chipping brush installed above its output end, a pile breaker of vibrating action with a lower outlet formed by brushes with short elastic blades and with a pairwise counter-rotating movement, separating bodies in in the form of a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor, which is characterized by the fact that the lower output end of the shaker, consisting of pairs of drive brushes with short elastic blades, forms an additional activator, which consists of two separate rotating parts directed towards each other, the outer ends of which are in hinges installed in the lower part of the shaker, and the internal ones are connected to each other by a common, flat movable hinge, which is kinematically connected to the additional vibration action mechanism, which is located outside the shaker and provides individual parts of the output end of the shaker with vibrating angular movements.