TWI734686B - 熱固性環氧樹脂之固化劑及製備電機工程用絕緣系統的方法 - Google Patents
熱固性環氧樹脂之固化劑及製備電機工程用絕緣系統的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI734686B TWI734686B TW105114110A TW105114110A TWI734686B TW I734686 B TWI734686 B TW I734686B TW 105114110 A TW105114110 A TW 105114110A TW 105114110 A TW105114110 A TW 105114110A TW I734686 B TWI734686 B TW I734686B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- epoxy resin
- methylimidazole
- curing agent
- hydroxyphenyl
- resin composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical group FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- -1 2-cyanoethoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5K8XI641G3 Chemical compound CCC1=NC=C(C)N1 ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PISLZQACAJMAIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethyl-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical group CCC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(CC)=C1N PISLZQACAJMAIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004203 4-hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- RUEBPOOTFCZRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=C(C)NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 RUEBPOOTFCZRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZCUJYXPAKHMBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CNC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 ZCUJYXPAKHMBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QPFYXYFORQJZEC-FOCLMDBBSA-N Phenazopyridine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1 QPFYXYFORQJZEC-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940070891 pyridium Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- XZKLXPPYISZJCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole Chemical compound C1=CN=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N1CC1=CC=CC=C1 XZKLXPPYISZJCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PQAMFDRRWURCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCC1=NC=CN1 PQAMFDRRWURCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GDRRCHJTUJBMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-propan-2-ylimidazole Chemical compound CC(C)N1C=CN=C1C GDRRCHJTUJBMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FUOZJYASZOSONT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC(C)C1=NC=CN1 FUOZJYASZOSONT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBHPRUXJQNWTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 FBHPRUXJQNWTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GMOKBQLJIIVDQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-2-methylimidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN1C=CN=C1C GMOKBQLJIIVDQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YTWBFUCJVWKCCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptadecyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1 YTWBFUCJVWKCCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LLEASVZEQBICSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-undecyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1 LLEASVZEQBICSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BVYPJEBKDLFIDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylimidazol-1-yl)propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCN1C=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 BVYPJEBKDLFIDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SZUPZARBRLCVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-undecylimidazol-1-yl)propanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1CCC#N SZUPZARBRLCVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RQEOBXYYEPMCPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-diethyl-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCC1=CC(CC)=C(N)C(C)=C1N RQEOBXYYEPMCPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TYOXIFXYEIILLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1C(C)=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 TYOXIFXYEIILLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UUQQGGWZVKUCBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-phenyl-1h-imidazol-5-yl]methanol Chemical compound N1C(CO)=C(CO)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UUQQGGWZVKUCBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MKBBSFGKFMQPPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCC1=NC=CN1 MKBBSFGKFMQPPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIDDPPKZYZTEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol-1-yl)propanenitrile Chemical compound CCC1=NC(C)=CN1CCC#N UIDDPPKZYZTEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SESYNEDUKZDRJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)propanenitrile Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1CCC#N SESYNEDUKZDRJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017089 AlO(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;magnesium;dicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- AXJZCJSXNZZMDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methanol Chemical compound CC=1N=CNC=1CO AXJZCJSXNZZMDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylimidazole Natural products CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 22
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 abstract description 10
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000000229 (C1-C4)alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229920003319 Araldite® Polymers 0.000 description 16
- KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- HGXVKAPCSIXGAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethyl-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine;4,6-diethyl-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCC1=CC(CC)=C(N)C(C)=C1N.CCC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(CC)=C1N HGXVKAPCSIXGAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- QNVNLUSHGRBCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QNVNLUSHGRBCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- HDPBBNNDDQOWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,2,2-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HDPBBNNDDQOWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- DVQHRBFGRZHMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium methyl 2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-(N-prop-2-enoxy-C-propylcarbonimidoyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C=CCON=C(CCC)[C-]1C(=O)CC(C)(C)C(C(=O)OC)C1=O DVQHRBFGRZHMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTIBTHPDLLHNPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C1C=C(CC(C)(C)C1)C.B(F)(F)F Chemical compound O=C1C=C(CC(C)(C)C1)C.B(F)(F)F CTIBTHPDLLHNPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- WCZNKVPCIFMXEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(N)=C(C)C(C)=C1N WCZNKVPCIFMXEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGYUBHGXADMAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triethylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCC1=CC(CC)=C(N)C(CC)=C1N JGYUBHGXADMAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTZDNSWWKFMMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tris(methylsulfanyl)benzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CSC1=CC(SC)=C(N)C(SC)=C1N ZTZDNSWWKFMMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MSRYWPZMKNTNMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-bis(ethylsulfanyl)-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCSC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(SCC)=C1N MSRYWPZMKNTNMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NXDSWJZQZDGXHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diethyl-3,6-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCC1=C(C)C(N)=C(CC)C(C)=C1N NXDSWJZQZDGXHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJUVPYQIOGVRKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethyl-4-[1,2,2-tris(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C(C=2C=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C=2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C=2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 ZJUVPYQIOGVRKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOOGXYJBKUODON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-[1,2,2-tris(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=CC=1)C(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 XOOGXYJBKUODON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JNVMVDZQEAJFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-4,6-di(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCC1=C(N)C(C(C)C)=CC(C(C)C)=C1N JNVMVDZQEAJFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXDBDYPHJXUHEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4,6-bis(methylsulfanyl)benzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CSC1=CC(SC)=C(N)C(C)=C1N TXDBDYPHJXUHEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GBIQODZRWVTONF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-cyanoethoxy)-3-[5-(2-cyanoethoxymethyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound C(#N)C(C)C(C1=C(N=C(N1)C1=CC=CC=C1)COCCC#N)OCCC#N GBIQODZRWVTONF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWIVYGKSHSJHEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-amino-3,5-diethylphenyl)methyl]-2,6-diethylaniline Chemical compound CCC1=C(N)C(CC)=CC(CC=2C=C(CC)C(N)=C(CC)C=2)=C1 NWIVYGKSHSJHEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJENIOQDYXRGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-amino-3-ethyl-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline Chemical compound CC1=C(N)C(CC)=CC(CC=2C=C(CC)C(N)=C(C)C=2)=C1 QJENIOQDYXRGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSFUSQZTBKTXAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[4-amino-3,5-bis(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2,6-bis(methylsulfanyl)aniline Chemical compound C(CC1=CC(=C(N)C(=C1)SC)SC)C1=CC(=C(N)C(=C1)SC)SC ZSFUSQZTBKTXAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBGOTVMUFHPSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-amino-3,5-bis(ethylsulfanyl)phenyl]methyl]-2,6-bis(ethylsulfanyl)aniline Chemical compound CCSC1=C(N)C(SCC)=CC(CC=2C=C(SCC)C(N)=C(SCC)C=2)=C1 KBGOTVMUFHPSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZTROCYBPMKGAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-amino-3,5-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)aniline Chemical compound CC(C)C1=C(N)C(C(C)C)=CC(CC=2C=C(C(N)=C(C(C)C)C=2)C(C)C)=C1 KZTROCYBPMKGAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFCWEOOACVYYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylsulfanyl-6-methyl-2-methylsulfanylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCSC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(SC)=C1N AFCWEOOACVYYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POSMIIJADZKUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methoxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 POSMIIJADZKUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBDAHKQJXVLAID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitroisophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 NBDAHKQJXVLAID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJLUCDZIWWSFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-tert-butylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 BJLUCDZIWWSFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018626 Al(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOWWYDCFAISREI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol AP Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 VOWWYDCFAISREI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 0 *c1cc(C(CCC(c(cc2*)cc(*)c2O)c(cc2*)c*(*)c2O)c(cc2*)cc(*)c2O)cc(*)c1O Chemical compound *c1cc(C(CCC(c(cc2*)cc(*)c2O)c(cc2*)c*(*)c2O)c(cc2*)cc(*)c2O)cc(*)c1O 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEWLEGDTCGBNGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol Chemical compound ClCC(O)CCl DEWLEGDTCGBNGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIJSFQFJZAEKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,3-dimethylimidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IIJSFQFJZAEKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBODPHKDNYVCEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-benzyl-3-dodecyl-2-methylimidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCN1C=C[N+](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C PBODPHKDNYVCEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminotoluene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLPKQRMDOFYSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(C)N1 LLPKQRMDOFYSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSODAGJMJLLYIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dibromo-4-[1,2,2-tris(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C1C(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=1)C(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=1)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 WSODAGJMJLLYIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTYJYNCQDCPER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dibromo-4-[1,3,3-tris(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C1C(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=1)CC(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=1)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 CYTYJYNCQDCPER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYWFDJUMRMMKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dibromo-4-[1,4,4-tris(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C1C(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=1)CCC(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=1)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 PYWFDJUMRMMKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGVJRDOIJQMGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2-tris(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=C1C(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=1)C(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=1)C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 PGVJRDOIJQMGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWZHVUZHVPHFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-4-[1,3,3-tris(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=C1C(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=1)CC(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=1)C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 HWZHVUZHVPHFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGMFTGBGYKSFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-4-[1,4,4-tris(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=C1C(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=1)CCC(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=1)C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 SGMFTGBGYKSFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRKKTPMGTBACAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-difluoro-4-[1,2,2-tris(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(O)=C(F)C=C1C(C=1C=C(F)C(O)=C(F)C=1)C(C=1C=C(F)C(O)=C(F)C=1)C1=CC(F)=C(O)C(F)=C1 DRKKTPMGTBACAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAUQMCFNZJXUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[1,2,2-tris(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C(C(C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=C(OC)C=2)C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=C(OC)C=2)C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=C(OC)C=2)=C1 XAUQMCFNZJXUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHCYKDXXPXKILU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[1,3,3-tris(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C(CC(C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=C(OC)C=2)C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=C(OC)C=2)C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=C(OC)C=2)=C1 CHCYKDXXPXKILU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNIAXWJGMRGLTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethyl-4-[1,3,3-tris(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(CC(C=2C=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C=2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C=2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 WNIAXWJGMRGLTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJLCAMOSRJTWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-diphenyl-4-[1,3,3-tris(4-hydroxy-3,5-diphenylphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C(C(CC(C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 DJLCAMOSRJTWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJDPICJUNCYZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-[1,2,2-tris(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C(C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 MJDPICJUNCYZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBPFCIYFOQOIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-[1,3,3-tris(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(CC(C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 WBPFCIYFOQOIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOBNFQSZXXYQSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-[1,4,4-tris(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl]phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(CCC(C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 WOBNFQSZXXYQSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVHFXJOCUKBZFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyloxirane Chemical compound ClCC1(C)CO1 VVHFXJOCUKBZFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJPDDQSCZGTACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[n-(2-hydroxyethyl)anilino]ethanol Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)C1=CC=CC=C1 OJPDDQSCZGTACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDLHQBAZAFNBPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=CNC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 JDLHQBAZAFNBPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHWWTHGIXVHJAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-4-[1,2,2-tris(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=CC=1)C(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(Br)=C1 UHWWTHGIXVHJAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNSNOINUNZQCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-4-[1,4,4-tris(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=CC=1)CCC(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(Br)=C1 FNSNOINUNZQCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNMDPSVJBDQESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2-tris(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Cl)C=C1C(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Cl)C=1)C(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Cl)C=1)C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 FNMDPSVJBDQESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLLDQFWFFJVWRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-6-methyl-4-[1,2,2-tris(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound BrC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C(C=2C=C(Br)C(O)=C(C)C=2)C=2C=C(Br)C(O)=C(C)C=2)C=2C=C(Br)C(O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 HLLDQFWFFJVWRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGWTYWOXURGISC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-[1,3,3-tris(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=CC=1)CC(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 OGWTYWOXURGISC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GREQALIASLONRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-[1,4,4-tris(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=CC=1)CCC(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 GREQALIASLONRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBEKXQMMHCNSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-6-methyl-4-[1,2,2-tris(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound ClC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C(C=2C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(C)C=2)C=2C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(C)C=2)C=2C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 PBEKXQMMHCNSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPAHXZPDUAYWDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-6-phenyl-4-[1,2,2-tris(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-phenylphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C=C(C(C(C=2C=C(C(O)=C(Cl)C=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C(O)=C(Cl)C=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C(O)=C(Cl)C=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HPAHXZPDUAYWDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001731 2-cyanoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C#N 0.000 description 1
- VMSAZQFOVQLLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-4-[1,2,2-tris(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=C(F)C(O)=CC=1)C(C=1C=C(F)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(F)=C1 VMSAZQFOVQLLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBJFPPSSWRRWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-4-[1,2,2-tris(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C(C(C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 WBJFPPSSWRRWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVKRVZMZVKCYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-4-[1,3,3-tris(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C(CC(C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 ZVKRVZMZVKCYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROXZZNNLJABQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-4-[1,4,4-tris(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C(CCC(C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 ROXZZNNLJABQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBHAUHHMPXBZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C)=C1O WBHAUHHMPXBZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOEZXSYRGLWFQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-[1,2,2-tris(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C(C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 SOEZXSYRGLWFQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFUJQTDIQREMHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-[1,3,3-tris(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(CC(C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 MFUJQTDIQREMHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPPUOLKBICMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-[1,4,4-tris(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)butyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(CCC(C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 KPPUOLKBICMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUJDHEMDEVSQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-4-[1,3,3-tris(4-hydroxy-3-phenylphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C(CC(C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 AUJDHEMDEVSQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIDYHAAFKWHYSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-[1,2,2-tris(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C(C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 HIDYHAAFKWHYSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRRUFYYXKVPHGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-[1,4,4-tris(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(CCC(C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 GRRUFYYXKVPHGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHJNHPISWSNYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-methyl-4-[1,2,2-tris(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C(C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 RHJNHPISWSNYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEQUFFZCXSTYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-diphenylbenzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 DEQUFFZCXSTYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRYCRPNCXLQHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzaldehyde Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C=CC=C1C=O ZRYCRPNCXLQHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXQZLPFNTPKVJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound C1CC(O)CCC1CC1CCC(O)CC1 WXQZLPFNTPKVJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQXFZEXUBIDCTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,3,3-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)CC(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZQXFZEXUBIDCTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNDZDQBPIDLSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,4,4-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)CCC(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QNDZDQBPIDLSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTJFTLRXGXUHEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OTJFTLRXGXUHEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBAMNGURPMUTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]cyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound C1CC(O)CCC1C(C)(C)C1CCC(O)CC1 CDBAMNGURPMUTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSNJGXKIJWIIHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-amino-3,5-bis(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]-2,6-bis(methylsulfanyl)aniline Chemical group CSC1=C(N)C(SC)=CC(C=2C=C(SC)C(N)=C(SC)C=2)=C1 HSNJGXKIJWIIHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOFIWCXMXPVSAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2,6-bis(methylsulfanyl)benzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CSC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(SC)=C1N AOFIWCXMXPVSAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWVFNWVZBAWOOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1CCC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C1 YWVFNWVZBAWOOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVLTVRFYVWMEQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylcyclohex-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1CC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C=C1 SVLTVRFYVWMEQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWSKJDNQKGCKPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical class C1CC(C)=CC2C(=O)OC(=O)C12 MWSKJDNQKGCKPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017788 Cydonia oblonga Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019440 Mg(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010678 Paulownia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-IMJSIDKUSA-N cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC=CC1C(O)=O IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanediamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WJSATVJYSKVUGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,3,5-triol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)CCO WJSATVJYSKVUGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002510 isobutoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQKAOOAFEFCDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(C)C UQKAOOAFEFCDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001298 n-hexoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000282 respiratory sensitizer Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012970 tertiary amine catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5033—Amines aromatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5046—Amines heterocyclic
- C08G59/5053—Amines heterocyclic containing only nitrogen as a heteroatom
- C08G59/5073—Amines heterocyclic containing only nitrogen as a heteroatom having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/56—Amines together with other curing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/62—Alcohols or phenols
- C08G59/621—Phenols
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
- H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase AC
- H01F38/24—Voltage transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/021—Use of solid insulating compounds resistant to the contacting fluid dielectrics and their decomposition products, e.g. to SF6
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
- Insulators (AREA)
Abstract
一種用於熱固性環氧樹脂之固化劑,其包含(a)至少一種含有至少兩個胺基之芳胺,及(b)至少一種晶籠化合物,其藉由使作為主體分子之下式四酚
下式9,9-雙(4-羥苯基)茀
與作為客體分子之咪唑或咪唑鎓衍生物反應獲得,其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10及R11各自彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、或未經取代或經C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或鹵素取代之苯基,R12、R13、R14及R15各自彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基,且n為數字0、1、2或3,該固化劑可有利地用於固化環氧樹脂。所獲得之熱固性環氧樹脂組成物以良好適用期及高反應性為特徵,且可有利地用於製造展現良好機械特性、電學特性及介質特性之供用於電學應用的絕緣外殼物件。
Description
本發明係關於一種熱固性環氧樹脂之固化劑、包含該固化劑之多組分熱固性環氧樹脂組成物、製備電機工程用絕緣系統的方法,其中該方法使用環氧樹脂組成物獲得物件。熱固性環氧樹脂組成物具有良好適用期及高反應性。所獲得之絕緣外殼物件適用於電學應用,展現良好的機械特性、電學特性及介質特性且可用作例如絕緣子、襯套、開關裝置及儀用變壓器。
環氧樹脂組成物通常用於製備電機工程用絕緣系統。然而,大多數此等環氧樹脂組成物利用酐作為固化劑。由於化學物質之開發管制架構,預期在不久的將來酐在環氧樹脂中之用途將受限,由於其R42標記(呼吸道敏化劑)。因此,一些酐已經在REACH規章之SVHC候選清單(問題極高之物質)上。很可能數年內,在無特殊授權的情況下可能不再使用此等物質。由於所有已知酐為R42標記的且甚至尚未已知之酐亦將被毒理學家預期為R42標記,因此需要不含酐之溶液。
胺作為環氧樹脂之固化劑,尤其製備複合材料用固化劑已為
人熟知。然而,胺固化劑通常反應性過大而在電灌注或封裝應用中無法加以處理。由於待加工之環氧樹脂組成物之質量增加,因此控制放熱變得至關重要。由於熱固性物之質量亦或熱分解,來自固化熱固性物時之熱量的不受控釋放可能會導致熱固性物機械特性退化。亦可能出現與熱固性物接觸之構件的機械特性之退化。特定言之,在自動壓力凝膠(APG)方法中,提供較低放熱峰值溫度以控制固化特徵,亦即模具內之凝膠前端為至關重要的。當胺用作固化劑時,環氧樹脂組成物之固化特徵為不當的且放熱過高而不能應用於APG中。
為應對含有胺固化劑之環氧樹脂之不當固化特徵的問題,推薦使用芳胺/多元胺。然而,若干因素限制芳胺/多元胺在含有環氧樹脂之混雜物中的實際效用,諸如其毒性、適用期、反應性及賦予固化樹脂之物理特性。
亦已知可藉由添加加速劑增加芳胺/多元胺固化劑之反應性。然而,環氧樹脂/芳族二胺組成物中之加速劑的存在於一定程度上會縮短適用期,在此情況下組成物不再適用於各種應用。
在US-A-4775736中推薦含有位阻芳族二胺之環氧樹脂之固化劑組成物及作為加速劑之三氟化硼與環脂族胺之複合物。由於受阻芳族二胺之毒性較低,使用其代替未受阻芳族二胺。然而,尤其在灌注或澆鑄應用中使用組成物來製備含有填充劑之電機工程用絕緣系統時,先前技術之組成物在所需特性方面仍具有一些缺陷。
因此,仍然需要新型熱固性不含酸酐之環氧樹脂組成物,其可有利地用於製造電絕緣系統之灌注或封裝應用,諸如開關裝置或變壓器
應用中。與經酐固化之熱固物相比,固化產物之特性,諸如長期老化、抗漏電起痕性(tracking resistance)或抗電弧性應具有競爭性。
本發明之目標為提供一種不含酐的熱固性環氧樹脂之固化劑以及一種包含該固化劑之多組分熱固性環氧樹脂組成物。環氧樹脂組成物應不含R42且不含SVHC,且以長久適用期及高加工溫度下之高反應性為特徵。環氧樹脂組成物將尤其適用於製備電機工程用絕緣系統,諸如自動壓力凝膠(APG)。需要可以所需方式控制固化特徵。本發明之另一目標為提供由灌注或封裝方法所獲得之外殼物件,其展現例如作為電機工程中之絕緣子、襯套、開關裝置及儀用變壓器的良好機械特性、電學特性及介質特性。
因此,本發明係關於一種熱固性環氧樹脂之固化劑,其包含(a)至少一種含有至少兩個胺基之芳胺,及(b)至少一種晶籠化合物,其藉由使作為主體分子之下式四酚
下式9,9-雙(4-羥苯基)茀
與作為客體分子之咪唑或咪唑鎓衍生物反應獲得,其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10及R11各自彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、或未經取代或經C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或鹵素取代之苯基,R12、R13、R14及R15各自彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基,且n為數字0、1、2或3。
考慮所有芳胺作為含有至少兩個胺基之至少一種芳胺(a),其每個分子含有例如兩個、三個或四個胺基。用於固化環氧樹脂之適合芳胺為熟習此項技術者所已知。
在一個具體實例中,芳胺(a)為芳族二胺且例如選自以下之群:鄰苯二胺、間苯二胺、對苯二胺、二胺基二苯基甲烷、二胺基二苯碸、間二甲苯二胺3,5-二乙基-2,4-二胺基甲苯、3,5-二乙基-2,6-二胺基甲苯、1,3,5-三乙基-2,4-二胺基苯、1-乙基-3.5-二異丙基-2,6-二胺基苯、1,3,4,6-四甲基-2,5-二胺基苯、1,4-二甲基-3,6-二乙基-2,5-二胺基苯、4,4'-亞甲基雙(2,6-二異丙基苯胺)、4,4'-亞甲基雙(2,6-二乙基苯胺)、4,4'-亞甲基雙(2-甲基-6-乙基苯胺)、2,4,6-三(甲硫基)-1,3-二胺基苯、3,5-二(甲硫基)-2,4-二胺基甲苯、3,5-二(乙硫基)-2,4-二胺基甲苯、3-甲硫基-5-乙硫基-2,4-二胺基甲苯、3,5-二(甲硫基)-2,6-二胺基甲苯、4,4'-二胺-3,3',5,5'-四(甲硫基)聯二苯、4,4'-亞乙基雙[2,6-二(甲硫基)苯胺]及4,4'-亞甲基雙[2,6-二(乙硫基)苯胺]。
在一較佳具體實例中,芳胺(a)為位阻芳族二胺。位阻芳族二胺在各胺基鄰位之至少一個位置處具有取代基,通常為C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4烷硫基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、異丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基或異丁氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、異丙硫基、正丁硫基或異丁硫基。
適用於本發明實踐之受阻芳族二胺例如選自以下之群:1,3,5-三乙基-2,4-二胺基苯、1-乙基-3,5-二異丙基-2,6-二胺基苯、1,3,4,6-四甲基-2,5-二胺基苯、1,4-二甲基-3,6-二乙基-2,5-二胺基苯、4,4'-亞甲基雙(2,6-二異丙基苯胺)、4,4'-亞甲基雙(2,6-二乙基苯胺)、4,4'-亞甲基雙(2-甲基-6-乙基苯胺)、2,4,6-三(甲硫基)-1,3-二胺基苯、3,5-二(甲硫基)-2,4-二胺基甲苯、3,5-二(乙硫基)-2,4-二胺基甲苯、3-甲硫基-5-乙硫基-2,4-二胺基甲苯、3,5-二(甲硫基)-2,6-二胺基甲苯、4,4'-二胺基-3,3',5,5'-四(甲硫基)聯二苯、4,4'-亞乙基雙[2,6-二(甲硫基)苯胺]、4,4'-亞甲基雙[2,6-二(乙硫基)苯胺]及二乙基甲苯二胺,諸如3,5-二乙基-2,4-二胺基甲苯或3,5-二乙基-2,6-二胺基甲苯。尤其較佳為二乙基甲苯二胺,例如3,5-二乙基-2,4-二胺基甲苯及3,5-二乙基-2,6-二
胺基甲苯或其混合物。
含有至少兩個胺基之至少一種芳胺(a)可在市面上購得或可根據本身已知的方法製備。
下文已知式(1)及式(2)之基團R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14及R15之具體實例。
考慮作為R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14及R15之C1-C4烷基各自彼此獨立地為例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基或異丁基。例證亦適用於在經取代之苯基之含義中作為視情況存在之R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10及R11的取代基之C1-C4烷基。
考慮作為R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14及R15之C1-C4烷氧基各自彼此獨立地為例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基或異丁氧基。例證亦適用於在經取代之苯基之含義中作為視情況存在之R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10及R11的取代基之C1-C4烷氧基。
考慮作為R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14及R15之鹵素各自彼此獨立地為例如溴、氯或氟。例證亦適用於在經取代之苯基之含義中鹵素作為視情況存在之R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10及R11的取代基。
可使用任何式(1)四酚作為製備晶籠化合物(b)之主體分子,例如,1,1,2,2-四(4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3,5-二甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-氯-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3,5-
二氯-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-溴-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3,5-二溴-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-氟-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3,5-二氟-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-甲氧基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3,5-二甲氧基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-氯-5-甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-溴-5-甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-甲氧基-5-甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-第三丁基-5-甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-氯-5-溴-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-氯-5-苯基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四[(4-羥基-3-苯基)苯基]乙烷、1,1,3,3-四(4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-四(3-甲基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-四(3,5-二甲基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-四(3-氯-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-四(3,5-二氯-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-四(3-溴-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-四(3,5-二溴-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-四(3-苯基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-四(3,5-二苯基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-四(3-甲氧基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-四(3,5-二甲氧基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-四(3-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-四(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,4,4-四(4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-四(3-甲基-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-四(3,5-二甲基-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-四(3-氯-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-四(3,5-二氯-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-四(3-甲氧基-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-四(3,5-二甲氧基-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-四(3-溴-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-四(3,5-二溴-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-四(3-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)丁烷或1,1,4,4-四(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)丁烷及其類似者。可以單一或兩者或兩者以上之組合形式使用此等四酚化合物。在某一具體實例中,四酚化合物為1,1,2,2-四(4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3-甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-四(3,5-二甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷或1,1,2,2-四(3-
氯-4-羥苯基)乙烷。
較佳地,式(1)中之n為數字0或1,尤其為數字0。
可使用任何式(2)9,9-雙(4-羥苯基)茀作為製備晶籠化合物(b)之主體分子,例如,如式(2)中所指定之9,9-雙(4-羥苯基)茀或其衍生物。
可考慮作為製備晶籠化合物(b)之客體分子的咪唑或咪唑鎓衍生物為例如咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-異丙基咪唑、2-正丙基咪唑、2-十一基咪唑、2-十七基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-苯基咪唑、1-異丙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-十一基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4,5-二羥甲基咪唑、1,2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥甲基咪唑、1-十二基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-苯基-4,5-二(2-氰基乙氧基)甲基咪唑、氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、氯化1-十二基-2-甲基-3-苯甲基咪唑鎓、氯化1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、鹽酸1-苯甲基-2-苯基咪唑及苯偏三酸1-苯甲基-2-苯基咪唑鎓。
可考慮之咪唑衍生物的適合之鹽為例如鹽酸鹽、磺酸鹽、羧酸鹽、六氟銻酸鹽。
在本發明之某一具體實例中,晶籠化合物(b)之客體分子為下式咪唑衍生物
其中R16為氫、C1-C20烷基、苯甲基、氰基乙基、或未經取代或經C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或鹵素取代之苯基,且R17為氫、C1-C20烷基或未經取代或經C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或鹵素取代之苯基,R18及R19各自彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、未經取代或經C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或鹵素取代之苯基、未經取代或經羥基、鹵素、C1-C4烷氧基取代之C1-C4烷基或經取氰基代之C1-C4烷氧基。
上文所列之R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14及R15之具體實例亦適用於在經取代之苯基之含義中作為視情況存在之R16、R17、R18及R19的取代基之C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或鹵素。
考慮作為R16及R17之C1-C20烷基各自彼此獨立地為例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、異丁基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基、正十二基、正十五烷基、正十六烷基或正十七烷基。
考慮作為R18及R19之C1-C4烷基各自彼此獨立地為例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基或異丁基,其中之每一者可未經取代或經羥基、諸如溴或氯之鹵素或C1-C4烷氧基取代,其反過來可經氰基取代。
考慮作為R18及R19之鹵素各自彼此獨立地為例如溴或氯。
咪唑衍生物較佳作為製備晶籠化合物(b)之客體分子,例如,咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-異丙基咪唑、2-正丙基咪唑、2-十一基咪唑、2-十七基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-苯基咪唑、1-異丙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-十一基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4,5-二羥甲基咪唑、1,2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥甲基咪唑、1-十二基-2-甲基咪唑或1-氰基乙基-2-苯基-4,5-二(2-氰基乙氧基)甲基咪唑,尤其為2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-異丙基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-異丙基-2-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑或1-苯甲基-2-甲基咪唑或其混合物。在本發明之一特定具體實例中,使用2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥甲基咪唑或2-甲基咪唑,尤其2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑。
在一較佳具體實例中,藉由使作為主體分子之式(1)四酚與作為客體分子之咪唑或咪唑鎓衍生物反應來獲得至少一種晶籠化合物(b),其中適用以上所已知之定義及優先選擇。
根據本發明之固化劑可例如在製造電絕緣系統用之灌注或封裝應用中有利地用於固化環氧樹脂。
因此,本發明亦關於一種多組分熱固性環氧樹脂組成物,其包含(A)至少一種環氧樹脂,及(B)至少一種固化劑,其包含
(a)至少一種含有至少兩個胺基之芳胺,及(b)至少一種晶籠化合物,其藉由使作為主體分子之下式四酚
下式9,9-雙(4-羥苯基)茀
與作為客體分子之咪唑或咪唑鎓衍生物反應獲得,其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10及R11各自彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、或未經取代或經C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或鹵素取代之苯基,R12、R13、R14及R15各自彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基,且n為數字0、1、2或3,其中適用以上所已知之定義及優先選擇。
至少一種環氧樹脂(A)為含有至少一個縮水甘油醚基,較
佳一個以上縮水甘油醚基,例如兩個或三個縮水甘油醚基之化合物。環氧樹脂可為飽和或不飽和脂族、飽和或不飽和環脂族、芳族或雜環且可經取代。環氧樹脂亦可為單體或聚合性化合物。適用於在本發明中使用之環氧樹脂的調查可發現於例如Lee,H.及Neville,Handbook of Epoxy Resins,McGraw-Hill Book公司,New York(1982)中。
環氧樹脂(A)可有所不同且包括習知及可在市面上購得之環氧樹脂,其可單獨或以兩者或兩者以上之組合形式使用。在選擇用於根據本發明之組成物的環氧樹脂中,不僅應鑒於最終產物之特性,且亦鑒於黏度及可能會影響樹脂組成物之加工的其他特性進行考慮。
環氧樹脂(A)之環氧當量可為約160至約400,較佳約170至約250。若環氧樹脂為鹵化的,則當量可略微較高。
必要時,環氧樹脂(A)含有環氧樹脂稀釋劑。環氧樹脂稀釋劑組分為例如以縮水甘油基封端之化合物。尤其較佳的為含有與氧原子、氮原子或硫原子直接連接之縮水甘油基或β-甲基縮水甘油基的化合物。該等樹脂包括聚縮水甘油酯及聚(β-甲基縮水甘油基)酯,其可藉由在鹼存在下使每個分子含有兩個或兩個以上羧酸基之物質與表氯醇、甘油二氯醇或β-甲基表氯醇反應獲得。聚縮水甘油酯可衍生自脂族羧酸,例如草酸、丁二酸、己二酸、癸二酸或二聚亞麻油酸或三聚亞麻油酸;衍生自環脂族羧酸,諸如六氫鄰苯二甲酸、4-甲基六氫鄰苯二甲酸、四氫鄰苯二甲酸及4-甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸;或衍生自芳族羧酸,諸如鄰苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸及對苯二甲酸。
熟諳此技藝之工作人員所習知的尤其適合之環氧樹脂(A)
係基於多官能醇、苯酚、環脂族羧酸、芳胺或胺基酚與表氯醇之反應產物。
考慮用於與環氧氯丙烷反應以形成適合之聚縮水甘油醚的脂族醇為例如,乙二醇及聚(氧伸乙基)二醇,諸如二乙二醇及三乙二醇、丙二醇及聚(氧伸丙基)二醇、丙烷-1,3-二醇、丁烷-1,4-二醇、戊烷-1,5-二醇、己烷-1,6-二醇、己烷-2,4,6-三醇、甘油、1,1,1-三羥甲基丙烷及季戊四醇。
考慮用於與環氧氯丙烷反應以形成適合之聚縮水甘油醚的環脂族醇為例如,1,4-環己二醇(對環己二醇)、1,1-雙(羥甲基)環己-3-烯、雙(4-羥基環己基)甲烷及2,2-雙(4-羥基環己基)-丙烷。
考慮用於與環氧氯丙烷反應以形成適合之聚縮水甘油醚的含有芳族核之醇為例如N,N-雙(2-羥乙基)苯胺及4,4'-雙(2-羥基乙基胺基)二苯基甲烷。
較佳地,聚縮水甘油醚衍生自每個分子含有兩個或兩個以上酚羥基之物質,例如間苯二酚、兒茶酚、對苯二酚、雙(4-羥苯基)甲烷(雙酚F)、1,1,2,2-四(4-羥苯基)乙烷、4,4'-二羥基二苯、雙(4-羥苯基)碸(雙酚)、1,1-雙(4-羥苯基)-1-苯基乙烷(雙酚AP)、1,1-雙(4-羥苯基)乙烯(雙酚AD)、苯酚至甲醛或甲酚-甲醛酚醛清漆樹脂、2,2-雙(4-羥苯基)丙烷(雙酚A)及2,2-雙(3,5-二溴-4-羥苯基)丙烷,尤其為2,2-雙(4-羥苯基)丙烷(雙酚A)。
在一特定具體實例中至少一種環氧樹脂(A)為環氧當量為約180至約190的雙酚A之二縮水甘油醚。
其他少數非限制性具體實例包括例如對胺基酚之三縮水甘油醚。亦可使用兩種或兩種以上環氧樹脂之混合物。
至少一種環氧樹脂組分(A)可在市面上購得或可根據本身
已知的方法製備。可在市面上購得之產品為例如,可購自Dow Chemical公司之D.E.R.330、D.E.R.331、D.E.R.332、D.E.R.334、D.E.R.354、D.E.R.580、D.E.N.431、D.E.N.438、D.E.R.736或D.E.R.732,或來自Huntsman公司之ARALDITE®MY 740或ARALDITE®CY 228。
最終組成物中之環氧樹脂(A)之量可在廣泛的範圍內變化,且視組成物之用途而定。倘若組成物用於製備電機工程用絕緣系統,則環氧樹脂(A)之量按組成物中組分(A)及(B)之總重量計為例如40重量百分比(wt%)至98wt%。在另一具體實例中,環氧樹脂(A)之量按組分(A)及(B)之總重量計為例如50wt%至90wt%。
在某一具體實例中,每當量環氧樹脂(A)施用0.5至1.2當量固化劑(B)之含有至少兩個胺基之至少一種芳胺(a)。在某一此具體實例中,每100重量份環氧樹脂(A)施用0.1至10重量份,較佳1至5重量份固化劑(B)之至少一種晶籠化合物(b)。
可單獨或替代地以與一或多種此項技術中已知的用於固化環氧樹脂之其他適合固化劑的組合形式施用固化劑(B),該等其他固化劑為例如一級或二級胺、聚醚胺、酸、路易斯酸、路易斯鹼及苯酚。多數此等固化劑之特性及其固化機制論述於Lee與Neville,Handbook of Epoxy Resins,McGraw-Hill(1982)中。較佳單獨施用固化劑(B)。
最終組成物中之固化劑(B)之總量可在廣泛的範圍內變化,且視組成物之用途而定。倘若組成物用於製備電機工程用絕緣系統,則最終組成物中之固化劑(B)之總量按組成物中組分(A)及(B)之總重量計為例如2重量百分比(wt%)至60wt%。在另一具體實例中,固化劑
(B)之總量按組分(A)及(B)之總重量計為例如10wt%至50wt%。
在一個具體實例中,本發明係關於一種多組分熱固性環氧樹脂組成物,其包含(A)90至110重量份,較佳100重量份之雙酚A之二縮水甘油醚,其環氧當量為約180至約190,及(B)固化劑,其由以下組成:(a)18至26重量份,較佳20至24重量份之二乙基甲苯二胺,及(b)1至5重量份,較佳2至4重量份之晶籠化合物,其藉由使作為主體分子之1,1,2,2-四(4-羥苯基)乙烷與作為客體分子之2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑反應獲得。
根據本發明之多組分熱固性環氧樹脂組成物可含有至少一種一般用於絕緣系統中之填充劑(C),其選自由以下組成之群:金屬粉末、木粉、玻璃粉末、玻璃珠、半金屬氧化物、金屬氧化物、金屬氫氧化物、半金屬及金屬氮化物、半金屬及金屬碳化物、金屬碳酸鹽、金屬硫酸鹽及天然或合成礦石。
較佳填充劑(C)選自由以下組成之群:石英砂、石英粉末、二氧化矽、氧化鋁、氧化鈦、氧化鋯、Mg(OH)2、Al(OH)3、白雲石[CaMg(CO3)2]、Al(OH)3、AlO(OH)、氮化矽、氮化硼、氮化鋁、碳化矽、碳化硼、白雲石、白堊、碳酸鈣、重晶石、石膏、水菱鎂礦、沸石、滑石、雲母、高嶺土及矽灰石。尤其較佳為石英、二氧化矽、矽灰石或碳酸鈣。
填充劑材料視情況可在將填充劑添加至環氧樹脂組成物中之前經填充劑材料之塗佈技術中已知的例如矽烷或矽氧烷塗佈,或替代
地,藉由將填充劑及塗料添加至環氧樹脂組成物中,接著在組成物中形成經塗佈之填充劑。
最終組成物中之填充劑(C)之量可在廣泛的範圍內變化,且視組成物之用途而定。倘若組成物用於製備電機工程用絕緣系統,則填充劑(C)之量按熱固性環氧樹脂組成物之總重量計為例如30重量百分比(wt%)至75wt%。在一個具體實例中,填充劑(C)之量按熱固性環氧樹脂組成物之總重量計為例如40wt%至75wt%。在另一具體實例中,填充劑(C)之量按熱固性環氧樹脂組成物之總重量計為例如50wt%至70wt%。
其他添加劑可選自加工助劑以改良液體混合樹脂、疏水性化合物之流變特性,該等疏水性化合物包括聚矽氧、濕潤/分散劑、塑化劑、反應性或非反應性稀釋劑、增韌劑、加速劑、抗氧化劑、光吸收劑、顏料、阻燃劑、纖維及一般用於電學應用之其他添加劑。此等添加劑為熟習此項技術者所已知。
倘若組成物用於製備固化物件而非電機工程用絕緣系統,例如,製備複合物件或空心電抗器之塗層,則可省去填充劑(C)。
根據本發明之環氧樹脂組成物不含R42且不含SVHC,且以長久適用期及在高加工溫度下之高反應性為特徵。
根據本發明之環氧樹脂組成物可有利地用於製造電學工程用絕緣系統,例如,外殼物件,其由澆鑄、灌注、封裝及浸漬方法,諸如重力澆鑄、真空澆鑄、自動壓力凝膠(APG)、真空壓力凝膠(VPG)、長絲纏繞、拉擠成形及灌注獲得,該等物件展現良好機械特性、電學特性及介質特性,例如,絕緣子、襯套、開關裝置及儀用變壓器、或乾式配電變壓
器、空心絕緣子或複合絕緣子。
本發明組成物亦可用作黏著劑或經由滴流浸漬或真空壓力浸漬(VPI)用於製造其他固化物件,例如複合物件,諸如水管及水容器,或空心電抗器之塗層。
因此,本發明另外係關於一種製備固化物件之方法,其中使用多組分熱固性環氧樹脂組成物,該環氧樹脂組成物包含(A)至少一種環氧樹脂,及(B)至少一種固化劑,其包含(a)至少一種含有至少兩個胺基之芳胺,及(b)至少一種晶籠化合物,其藉由使作為主體分子之上述式(1)四酚或上述式(2)9,9-雙(4-羥苯基)茀與作為客體分子之咪唑或咪唑鎓衍生物反應獲得,其中適用以上所已知之定義及優先選擇。
在一個具體實例中,固化物件為例如電學工程用絕緣系統,其藉由澆鑄、灌注、封裝及浸漬方法,諸如重力澆鑄、真空澆鑄、自動壓力凝膠(APG)、真空壓力凝膠(VPG)、灌注及類似者製備。
因此,本發明亦關於一種藉由澆鑄、灌注、封裝或浸漬方法來製備電學工程用絕緣系統之方法,其中使用多組分熱固性環氧樹脂組成物,該環氧樹脂組成物包含(A)至少一種環氧樹脂,及(B)至少一種固化劑,其包含(a)至少一種含有至少兩個胺基之芳胺,及(b)至少一種晶籠化合物,其藉由使作為主體分子之下式四酚
下式9,9-雙(4-羥苯基)茀
下式間苯二甲酸
與作為客體分子之咪唑或咪唑鎓衍生物反應獲得,其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R10及R11各自彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、或未經取代或經C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或鹵素取代之苯基,R9為C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、硝基或羥基,R12、R13、R14及R15各自彼此獨立地為氫、鹵素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧
基,且n為數字0、1、2或3,其中適用以上所已知之定義及優先選擇。
考慮作為R9之C1-C6烷基為例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、異丁基、正戊基、異戊基或正己基。
考慮作為R9之C1-C6烷氧基為例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、正戊氧基、異戊氧基或正己氧基。
可使用任何式(3)間苯二甲酸作為製備晶籠化合物(b)之主體分子,例如,5-第三丁基間苯二甲酸、5-羥基間苯二甲酸、5-甲氧基間苯二甲酸或5-硝基間苯二甲酸,較佳5-第三丁基間苯二甲酸、5-羥基間苯二甲酸或5-硝基間苯二甲酸,且尤其5-羥基間苯二甲酸。
至少一種晶籠化合物(b)可在市面上購得及/或可根據本身已知的方法製備。該等方法描述在例如US-A-5364977、US-A-6727325、JP-A-2012232994、JP-A-2007039449及CN-A-102875470中。可在市面上購得之產品為例如Nippon Soda之TEP-2E4MHZ,其為由1,1,2,2-四(4-羥苯基)乙烷及2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑製備之晶籠化合物;Nippon Soda之HIPA-2P4MHZ,其為由5-羥基間苯二甲酸及2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥甲基咪唑製備之晶籠化合物;Nippon Soda之HIPA-2E4MHZ,其為由5-羥基間苯二甲酸及2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑製備之晶籠化合物;及Nippon Soda之AN-110,其為由9,9-雙(4-羥苯基)茀及2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑製備之晶籠化合物。
APG允許在短時間段內藉由硬化且形成環氧樹脂來製備由環氧樹脂製成之澆鑄產物。一般而言,實施APG方法之APG設備包括一對模具(其後稱為模具)、經管連接至模具之樹脂混合及脫氣槽,及用於打開
且關閉模具之打開及關閉系統。
在典型APG方法中,將預加熱且乾燥之金屬導體或插入件置放在位於真空腔室內之模具中。藉由打開及關閉系統關閉模具後,藉由向樹脂混合槽施加壓力將環氧樹脂組成物自位於模具底部處之入口注入模具中。注射之前,樹脂組成物通常保持在40至60℃之中等溫度下以確保適當之適用期(環氧樹脂之可用時間),而模具之溫度保持在大約120℃或大於120℃下以在合理的短時間內獲得澆鑄產物。將環氧樹脂組成物注入熱模具中後,固化樹脂組成物,同時將施加至樹脂混合槽中之環氧樹脂的壓力保持在約0.1至0.5MPa下。
由大於10kg樹脂製成之大澆鑄產物可宜藉由APG方法在例如20至60分鐘之短時間內產生。通常,自模具釋放之澆鑄產物在單獨的固化烘箱中後固化以完成環氧樹脂之反應。
在本發明方法之一個具體實例中,該固化物件為電機工程用絕緣系統,其藉由澆鑄、灌注、封裝及浸漬方法,例如重力澆鑄、真空澆鑄、自動壓力凝膠(APG)、真空壓力凝膠(VPG)、長絲纏繞、拉擠成形及灌注製備。
在本發明方法之另一具體實例中,固化物件為複合物件,諸如水管及水容器,或空心電抗器之塗層。
在一較佳具體實例中,藉由自動壓力凝膠(APG)或真空澆鑄,尤其藉由自動壓力凝膠(APG)製備電機工程用絕緣系統。
根據本發明之環氧樹脂組成物尤其以長久適用期及在高加工溫度下之高反應性為特徵。特性與基於呼吸道敏感酐固化的已知環氧樹
脂組成物之特性相似,其主要用於製備電機工程用絕緣系統。因此,本發明組成物在此等應用中適於替代先前技術之組成物。此外,在澆鑄應用中,如基於酐固化之環氧樹脂組成物所為人已知,提供較低放熱峰值溫度以控制固化特徵,亦即模具內之凝膠前端。
本發明最後涉及由根據本發明之方法所獲得之固化物件。固化物件之玻璃轉移溫度在與已知基於高溫固化酐之熱固性環氧樹脂組成物相同之範圍內,例如,在70℃至150℃範圍內。固化物件之拉伸強度為70MPa或大於70MPa。
特定言之,根據本發明方法所製備之物件用於中壓及高壓開關裝置應用中,作為中壓及高壓儀用變壓器,作為支柱絕緣子及作為襯套及變壓器。
以下實施例用以說明本發明。除非另外指明,否則溫度以攝氏度為單位已知,份數為重量份且百分比係指重量%。重量份係指以公斤與公升之比為單位之體積份。
成分描述:
ARALDITE® MY 740:環氧當量為180-190g/eq.之雙酚A二縮水甘油醚環氧樹脂。供應商:Huntsman。
DETDA:二乙基甲苯二胺。供應商:Lonza。
Accelerator DY 9577:三氯化硼辛基二甲基胺複合物。供應商:Huntsman。
ARADUR® HZ 5933三氟化硼異佛爾酮二胺複合物(boron trifluoride isophorondiamine complex)之甲醇溶液。供應商:Huntsman。在使用之前,藉由在50℃下在真空中蒸發甲醇將乾的結晶三氟化硼異佛爾酮二胺複合物
自其溶液中分離。
2,4-EMI:2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑。供應商:BASF。
ARALDITE® CY 228:環氧當量為188-200g/eq.之改性雙酚A二縮水甘油醚環氧樹脂。供應商:Huntsman。
ARADUR® HY 918-1:由甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐之各種異構體組成之酸酐硬化劑。供應商:Huntsman。
Accelerator DY 062:三級胺催化劑。供應商:Huntsman。
W12(填充劑):平均粒度為16微米之二氧化矽粉。供應商:Quarzwerke。
TEP-2E4MHZ:由作為主體分子之1,1,2,2-四(4-羥苯基)乙烷及作為客體分子之2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑製備之晶籠化合物。供應商:Nippon Soda Japan。
實施例1a:
在室溫下藉助於分散攪拌器在5分鐘內將3.0g TEP-2E4MHZ分散於100.0g ARALDITE®MY 740中。在葉片型攪拌器攪拌下於室溫下在2分鐘內將23.8g DETDA添加至所獲得之分散液中。
實施例1b:
在室溫下藉助於分散攪拌器在5分鐘內將3.0g TEP-2E4MHZ分散於100.0g ARALDITE®MY 740中。在葉片型攪拌器攪拌下於室溫下在2分鐘內將23.8g DETDA添加至所獲得之分散液中。將190.2g W12添加至組成物中後,繼續混合5分鐘。將混合物略微加熱至60℃以促成填充凝膠標準管。
實施例2b:
在室溫下藉助於分散攪拌器在5分鐘內將3.0g
TEP-2E4MHZ分散於100.0g ARALDITE® MY 740中。在葉片型攪拌器攪拌下於室溫下在2分鐘內將20g DETDA添加至所獲得之分散液中。將184.5g W12添加至組成物中後,繼續混合5分鐘。將混合物略微加熱至60℃以促成填充凝膠標準管。
比較實施例1a:
在葉片型攪拌器攪拌下於室溫下在5分鐘內混合100.0g ARALDITE®MY 740及23.8g DETDA。
比較實施例2a:
在葉片型攪拌器攪拌下於室溫下在5分鐘內混合100.0g ARALDITE®MY 740、23.8g DETDA及1.0g 2,4-EMI。
比較實施例3a:
在室溫下藉助於分散攪拌器在5分鐘內將從ARADUR® HZ 5933中分離之1.0g三氟化硼異佛爾酮二胺複合物分散於100.0g ARALDITE® MY 740中。在葉片型攪拌器攪拌下於室溫下在2分鐘內將23.8g DETDA添加至所獲得之分散液中。
比較實施例4a:
在40℃之烘箱中加熱Accelerator DY 9577 30分鐘。隨後,在葉片型攪拌器攪拌下於室溫下在5分鐘內混合100.0g ARALDITE® MY 740、23.8g DETDA及1.0g經加熱之Accelerator DY 9577。
比較實施例1b:
在葉片型攪拌器攪拌下於室溫下在2分鐘內混合100.0g ARALDITE® MY 740及23.8g DETDA。將186.0g W12添加至所獲得之混合
物中且繼續混合5分鐘。將反應性混合物略微加熱至60℃以促成填充凝膠標準管。
比較實施例2b:
在葉片型攪拌器攪拌下於室溫下在2分鐘內混合100.0g ARALDITE® MY 740、23.8g DETDA及1.0g 2,4-EMI。將187.2g W12添加至所獲得之混合物中且繼續混合5分鐘。
比較實施例3b:
在室溫下藉助於分散攪拌器在5分鐘內將從ARADUR® HZ 5933中分離之1.0g三氟化硼異佛爾酮二胺複合物分散於100.0g ARALDITE® MY 740中。在葉片型攪拌器攪拌下於室溫下在2分鐘內將23.8g DETDA添加至所獲得之分散液中。將187.2g W12添加至組成物中後,繼續混合5分鐘。將混合物略微加熱至60℃以促成填充凝膠標準管。
比較實施例4b:
在40℃之烘箱中加熱Accelerator DY 9577 30分鐘。隨後,在葉片型攪拌器攪拌下於室溫下在5分鐘內混合100.0g ARALDITE® MY 740、23.8g DETDA及1.0g經加熱之Accelerator DY 9577。將187.2g W12添加至組成物中後,繼續混合5分鐘。將反應性混合物略微加熱至60℃以促成填充凝膠標準管。
比較實施例5b:
在葉片型攪拌器攪拌下於室溫下在5分鐘內混合100.0g ARALDITE® CY 228、85.0g ARADUR® HY 918-1及0.8g Accelerator DY 062。將279.0g W12添加至所獲得之混合物中且繼續混合5分鐘。將反應性
混合物略微加熱至60℃以促成填充凝膠標準管。
根據ISO 9396在80℃及140℃下以凝膠標準/凝膠計時器測定根據以上實施例及比較實施例所獲得之反應性混合物的凝膠時間。
1)ISO 9396;凝膠標準方法
1)ISO 9396;凝膠標準方法
2)玻璃轉移溫度;IE 1006;用Mettler SC 822e之差示掃描量熱法(範圍:20至250℃,以10℃ min-1)
3)ISO 527
4)斷裂能量;雙扭轉測試(亨茨曼專用測試方法(Huntsman proprietary test method))
5)熱膨脹係數;ISO 11359-2
6)TGA;重量損失達至5%之溫度;溫度升高速率dT/dt=20K/min
7)比較漏電起痕指數;IEC 60112
8)模擬開裂溫度描述於US-A-6638567之第9列及第10列中,且根據下式計算RI=-49808‧Z0.18480890‧G0.194114601‧(A-18)-0.391334273T-0.158387791+224,25
其中
RI意謂以℃為單位之模擬開裂溫度
Z意謂以%為單位之斷裂伸長率
G意謂以J/m2為單位之G1C;
A意謂以10-6/K為單位之CTE
T意謂以℃為單位之Tg
9)Ea=(ln((80℃下之凝膠時間)/min)-ln((140℃下之凝膠時間)/min))/(1/(80℃+273℃)*K/℃-1/(140℃+273℃)*K/℃)*8.31J/(mol*K)/1000J/kJ
10)臨界應力強度因子模型I;雙扭轉測試(亨茨曼專用測試方法)
11)IEC 60250
如表1中所提供,如由80℃下之凝膠時間可看出,實施例1a之本發明組成物展現良好適用期,且如由140℃下之凝膠時間可看出,其展現高反應性,而比較實施例1a及2a之組成物各自的反應性及適用期均不足。
如由140℃及80℃下之凝膠時間可分別看出,根據US-A-4775736之比較實施例3a之組成物展現高反應性,但適用期不足。比較實施例4a之組成物不滿足關於反應性及適用期之要求。
如表2中所提供之含有填充劑的組成物,如由80℃下之凝
膠時間可看出,實施例1b之本發明組成物展現良好適用期,且如由140℃下之凝膠時間可看出,其展現高反應性,而比較實施例1b及2b之組成物各自的反應性及適用期均不足。
如由140℃及80℃下之凝膠時間可分別看出,根據US-A-4775736之比較實施例3b的經填充之組成物展現不良反應性,但適用期達到可接受範圍。比較實施例4b之經填充之組成物不滿足關於反應性及適用期之要求。
如由140℃及80℃下之凝膠時間可看出,比較實施例5b之組成物表示顯示高反應性及足夠適用期之目前先進技術系統。然而,該組成物係基於酸酐固化,其在當今並不合乎需要。
實施例1b及2b之組成物表明,即使在填充劑存在下,根據本發明之方法仍提供在80℃下展現良好適用期,且同時在140℃下展現高反應性之熱固性環氧樹脂組成物。有利地,本發明組成物不含R42標記且沒有毒性。
實施例1b及2b之本發明組成物展現與比較實施例5b之組成物相似之Tg水準及甚至略經改良之機械特性(較高拉伸強度、更佳斷裂伸長率及略微較高之斷裂能量)。綜上所述,如實施例1b所表明,經略微改良之機械特性增加經明顯改良之-10℃而非4℃之熱循環抗裂性。
Claims (12)
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之固化劑,其中該至少一種芳胺為3,5-二乙基-2,4-二胺基甲苯、3,5-二乙基-2,6-二胺基甲苯或其混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之固化劑,其中該晶籠化合物(b)之客體分子選自以下之群:咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-異丙基咪唑、2-正丙基咪唑、2-十一基咪唑、2-十七基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-苯基咪唑、1-異丙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-十一基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4,5-二羥基甲基咪唑、1,2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥甲基咪唑、1-十二基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-苯基-4,5-二(2-氰基乙氧基)甲基咪唑及其混合 物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之固化劑,其中該晶籠化合物(b)之客體分子為2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑或2-甲基咪唑。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之多組分熱固性環氧樹脂組成物,其中(A)該環氧樹脂包含環氧當量為約180至約190的雙酚A之二縮水甘油醚,及(B)該固化劑由以下組成: (a)18至26重量份之二乙基甲苯二胺,及(b)該晶籠化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之多組分熱固性環氧樹脂組成物,其進一步包含(C)至少一種填充劑,其選自由以下組成之群:石英砂、石英粉末、二氧化矽、氧化鋁、氧化鈦、氧化鋯、Mg(OH)2、Al(OH)3、白雲石[CaMg(CO3)2]、Al(OH)3、AlO(OH)、氮化矽、氮化硼、氮化鋁、碳化矽、碳化硼、白雲石、白堊、碳酸鈣、重晶石、石膏、水菱鎂礦、沸石、滑石、雲母、高嶺土及矽灰石,其可視情況塗佈有矽烷或矽氧烷。
- 一種用於製備固化物件之方法,其中使用如申請專利範圍第5項之多組分熱固性環氧樹脂組成物。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法,其中該電機工程用絕緣系統藉由自動壓力凝膠(APG)製備。
- 一種固化物件,其藉由如申請專利範圍第8項之方法獲得。
- 一種固化物件,其包含如申請專利範圍第5項之多組分熱固性環氧樹脂組成物之反應產物。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15168065.9 | 2015-05-19 | ||
EP15168065 | 2015-05-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201700525A TW201700525A (zh) | 2017-01-01 |
TWI734686B true TWI734686B (zh) | 2021-08-01 |
Family
ID=53180604
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW105114110A TWI734686B (zh) | 2015-05-19 | 2016-05-06 | 熱固性環氧樹脂之固化劑及製備電機工程用絕緣系統的方法 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10851201B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3298061B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6944879B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102572379B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN107636039B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2983679C (zh) |
DK (1) | DK3298061T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2834894T3 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUE052763T2 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2017014697A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL3298061T3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI734686B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2016184749A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI734686B (zh) * | 2015-05-19 | 2021-08-01 | 瑞士商亨斯邁先進材料授權(瑞士)有限公司 | 熱固性環氧樹脂之固化劑及製備電機工程用絕緣系統的方法 |
JP6734287B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-16 | 2020-08-05 | 日本曹達株式会社 | 包接化合物 |
CA3049683A1 (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2018-08-02 | Huntsman Advanced Materials Licensing (Switzerland) Gmbh | A thermosetting epoxy resin composition for the preparation of articles for electrical engineering, and the articles obtained therefrom |
GB2569614B (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2022-04-06 | Hexcel Composites Ltd | A curative composition and a resin composition containing the curative composition |
TWI847997B (zh) | 2018-08-17 | 2024-07-11 | 德商漢高股份有限及兩合公司 | 液體壓縮成型或封裝組合物 |
TW202337995A (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-10-01 | 德商漢高股份有限及兩合公司 | 液體模製物料及其當暴露於雷射能後變成具可鍍性的反應產物 |
CN115926115A (zh) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-04-07 | 湖南肆玖科技有限公司 | 改性环氧树脂固化剂、制备方法及其使用方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6147169A (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 2000-11-14 | Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. | Curable coating composition |
JP2013136702A (ja) * | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-11 | Namics Corp | 液状封止材 |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58214225A (ja) * | 1982-06-07 | 1983-12-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 樹脂被覆電気装置の製造法 |
US4775736A (en) | 1985-12-27 | 1988-10-04 | Ethyl Corporation | Epoxy curing agent composition |
JPS6460625A (en) * | 1987-08-31 | 1989-03-07 | Toshiba Corp | Casting epoxy resin composition |
US5364977A (en) | 1992-12-01 | 1994-11-15 | Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. | Clathrate compounds comprising tetrakisphenols as host |
US7495060B2 (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 2009-02-24 | Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. | Tetrakisphenol and non-clathrated curing agent for epoxy resin |
EP0949286B1 (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 2005-03-02 | Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. | Curatives for epoxy resin, curing accelerator, and epoxy resin composition |
JP3904311B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-27 | 2007-04-11 | 日本曹達株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂用硬化剤・硬化促進剤及びエポキシ樹脂組成物 |
JPH10324826A (ja) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-12-08 | Kansai Paint Co Ltd | 硬化型塗料組成物 |
EP1705740A4 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2009-02-25 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | FUEL FOR A FUEL CELL, FUEL CELL AND APPLICATION THEREOF |
JP2012232994A (ja) | 2005-07-06 | 2012-11-29 | Nippon Soda Co Ltd | 包接化合物、硬化触媒、硬化樹脂形成用組成物及び硬化樹脂 |
JP5068045B2 (ja) | 2005-07-06 | 2012-11-07 | 日本曹達株式会社 | 包接化合物、硬化触媒、硬化樹脂形成用組成物及び硬化樹脂 |
CN102875470B (zh) | 2006-12-21 | 2015-09-09 | 日本曹达株式会社 | 包合化合物、固化催化剂、固化树脂形成用组合物及固化树脂 |
EP2192139A4 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2012-08-15 | Nippon Soda Co | EPOXY RESIN COMPOSITION CONTAINING INCLUSION COMPLEX FOR ENCAPSULATION OF SEMICONDUCTORS |
JP5576595B2 (ja) | 2008-03-27 | 2014-08-20 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | フルオレン骨格を含有する化合物を用いた包接化合物 |
JPWO2010103809A1 (ja) * | 2009-03-11 | 2012-09-13 | 日本曹達株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂組成物、硬化剤及び硬化促進剤 |
CN102414242B (zh) * | 2009-04-30 | 2014-12-17 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 可热固树脂组合物 |
KR101400473B1 (ko) * | 2009-10-16 | 2014-05-28 | 가부시키가이샤 닛소 분세키 센타 | 에폭시 경화 수지 형성용 조성물 및 그 경화물 |
CN102892849B (zh) * | 2010-05-21 | 2016-01-20 | 日本曹达株式会社 | 固化性粉体涂料组合物及其固化物 |
WO2013029831A1 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2013-03-07 | Huntsman Advanced Materials (Switzerland) Gmbh | Use of hydrophobic epoxide resin system for encapsulation of a instrument transformer |
JP2014185115A (ja) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-10-02 | Nippon Soda Co Ltd | 新規な包接化合物 |
TWI734686B (zh) * | 2015-05-19 | 2021-08-01 | 瑞士商亨斯邁先進材料授權(瑞士)有限公司 | 熱固性環氧樹脂之固化劑及製備電機工程用絕緣系統的方法 |
JP6734287B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-16 | 2020-08-05 | 日本曹達株式会社 | 包接化合物 |
-
2016
- 2016-05-06 TW TW105114110A patent/TWI734686B/zh active
- 2016-05-11 CA CA2983679A patent/CA2983679C/en active Active
- 2016-05-11 US US15/575,270 patent/US10851201B2/en active Active
- 2016-05-11 JP JP2017558739A patent/JP6944879B2/ja active Active
- 2016-05-11 MX MX2017014697A patent/MX2017014697A/es unknown
- 2016-05-11 EP EP16725399.6A patent/EP3298061B1/en active Active
- 2016-05-11 CN CN201680028631.1A patent/CN107636039B/zh active Active
- 2016-05-11 DK DK16725399.6T patent/DK3298061T3/da active
- 2016-05-11 ES ES16725399T patent/ES2834894T3/es active Active
- 2016-05-11 PL PL16725399T patent/PL3298061T3/pl unknown
- 2016-05-11 KR KR1020177036621A patent/KR102572379B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2016-05-11 HU HUE16725399A patent/HUE052763T2/hu unknown
- 2016-05-11 WO PCT/EP2016/060558 patent/WO2016184749A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6147169A (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 2000-11-14 | Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. | Curable coating composition |
JP2013136702A (ja) * | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-11 | Namics Corp | 液状封止材 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6944879B2 (ja) | 2021-10-06 |
EP3298061A1 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
JP2018517018A (ja) | 2018-06-28 |
CA2983679A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
CN107636039B (zh) | 2020-11-24 |
KR102572379B1 (ko) | 2023-09-01 |
PL3298061T3 (pl) | 2021-05-31 |
CN107636039A (zh) | 2018-01-26 |
MX2017014697A (es) | 2018-01-24 |
CA2983679C (en) | 2023-08-08 |
DK3298061T3 (da) | 2020-11-16 |
WO2016184749A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
ES2834894T3 (es) | 2021-06-21 |
US20180142058A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
HUE052763T2 (hu) | 2021-05-28 |
TW201700525A (zh) | 2017-01-01 |
US10851201B2 (en) | 2020-12-01 |
KR20180008782A (ko) | 2018-01-24 |
EP3298061B1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI734686B (zh) | 熱固性環氧樹脂之固化劑及製備電機工程用絕緣系統的方法 | |
JP7324336B2 (ja) | 屋外用製品を製造するための熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物、およびそれから得られる屋外用製品 | |
TWI693256B (zh) | 用於製備戶外物品之熱固性環氧樹脂組成物及所得到的物品 | |
JP7365118B2 (ja) | 電気工学用の絶縁系の製造方法、それから得られる製品及びその使用 | |
KR102530214B1 (ko) | 전기공학용 제품의 제조를 위한 열경화성 에폭시 수지 조성물 및 이로부터 수득한 제품 |