TWI847997B - 液體壓縮成型或封裝組合物 - Google Patents
液體壓縮成型或封裝組合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI847997B TWI847997B TW108129116A TW108129116A TWI847997B TW I847997 B TWI847997 B TW I847997B TW 108129116 A TW108129116 A TW 108129116A TW 108129116 A TW108129116 A TW 108129116A TW I847997 B TWI847997 B TW I847997B
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- Prior art keywords
- composition
- thermosetting resin
- wafer
- component
- curing
- Prior art date
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- -1 succinimidyl diimide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 41
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- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
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- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 7
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- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FKAWETHEYBZGSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylidenepyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)NC1=O FKAWETHEYBZGSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004841 bisphenol A epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5K8XI641G3 Chemical compound CCC1=NC=C(C)N1 ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBHPRUXJQNWTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 FBHPRUXJQNWTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SEULWJSKCVACTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylimidazole Chemical compound C1=NC=CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 SEULWJSKCVACTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LLPKQRMDOFYSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(C)N1 LLPKQRMDOFYSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTWBFUCJVWKCCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptadecyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1 YTWBFUCJVWKCCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TYOXIFXYEIILLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1C(C)=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 TYOXIFXYEIILLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- GUGZCSAPOLLKNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-cyanatophenyl) cyanate Chemical compound N#COC1=CC=C(OC#N)C=C1 GUGZCSAPOLLKNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEABFUINOSGCMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-ethylphenyl) cyanate Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(OC#N)C=C1 DEABFUINOSGCMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HCNHNBLSNVSJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOQONXWBCSGVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-triphenylimidazole Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N1C=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NOQONXWBCSGVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADQQGJLCEXHTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(dimethylamino)hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)N(C)C ADQQGJLCEXHTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJAMEPRRHVBWKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CC(O)OCCOCCN(C)C QJAMEPRRHVBWKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKKDZZRICRFGSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylimidazole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 KKKDZZRICRFGSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WSODAGJMJLLYIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dibromo-4-[1,2,2-tris(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C1C(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=1)C(C=1C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=1)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 WSODAGJMJLLYIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HWZHVUZHVPHFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-4-[1,3,3-tris(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=C1C(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=1)CC(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=1)C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 HWZHVUZHVPHFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGMFTGBGYKSFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-4-[1,4,4-tris(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=C1C(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=1)CCC(C=1C=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=1)C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 SGMFTGBGYKSFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/4007—Curing agents not provided for by the groups C08G59/42 - C08G59/66
- C08G59/4014—Nitrogen containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K5/0025—Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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Abstract
本發明提供適用於重組態晶圓之液體壓縮成型封裝之熱固性樹脂組合物。與用已知的封裝材料封裝之重組態晶圓相比,經如此封裝成型之晶圓提供經提高之抗翹曲性。
Description
提供適用於液體壓縮成型(「LCM」)或封裝應用之熱固性樹脂組合物,與使用已知材料之LCM或封裝相比,該熱固性樹脂組合物提供經提高之抗翹曲性。
隨著半導體封裝發展,對材料封裝之要求在不斷變化。為了保護諸如半導體裝置之電子部件,習知方法係使用藉由施加固體環氧樹脂組合物之轉注成型。然而,隨著半導體裝置變得更薄且更密集地封裝,該方法因為在精細開口附近出現之流動缺陷及對一些精密部件之潛在損壞而受到限制。
因此,LCM或封裝已發展為幫助保護電子裝置之加工技術。與轉注成型相比,LCM或封裝為有利的,因為樹脂更容易流動至窄間隙中且損壞電子部件之可能性較小。許多半導體晶圓級封裝(「WLP」)已經使用LCM來封裝薄且精密的裝置。
然而,為了滿足半導體封裝行業(尤其對於WLP)中對於商業體積及可靠性的需求,LCM或封裝存在許多問題。
翹曲為伴隨諸多固化LCM或液體封裝劑之常見問題。此在
酸酐固化環氧樹脂組合物中尤其普遍。當封裝尺寸變得更大且厚度持續變薄時,翹曲問題可能變得過於嚴重以致於無法滿足製程需求,從而可能導致半導體封裝失效。
為了解決翹曲問題,已調配出諸多LCM或液體封裝劑來降低模數及玻璃轉移溫度(「Tg」)。然而,當沿著此路徑繼續時,封裝包通過可靠性測試之機率較小。
用酸酐固化之LCM或液體封裝劑通常在室溫下或在熱升溫後具有較差的黏度穩定性。黏度不穩定性會造成製造困難及製程不確定性。
用於形成成型晶圓之習知材料並不具有用於提供經提高之晶圓抗翹曲性的所需物理性質,或本身並不藉由液體壓縮成型技術而被應用。
在過去,已進行嘗試以解決翹曲問題。舉例而言,美國專利第9,263,360號係關於且主張一種熱固性樹脂組合物,其包含熱固性樹脂基質(其包含環氧樹脂組份之組合)及由酚系酚醛清漆組份組成之環氧固化劑、視情況選用之另一種選自以下之組份:環硫化物樹脂、噁嗪、噁唑啉、氰酸酯、順丁烯二醯亞胺、納迪醯亞胺(nadimide)、衣康醯亞胺及其組合;嵌段共聚物、二氧化矽填料及視情況選用之催化劑及促進劑。此處,嵌段共聚物為兩親媒性共聚物,其選自由聚苯乙烯、1,4-聚丁二烯及間規聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)製成之共聚物;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-嵌段-聚丙烯酸丁酯-嵌段聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物;及其組合。二氧化矽填料構成50至90重量%之該組合物。
另外,美國專利第8,847,415號係關於且主張一種液體壓縮
成型可固化樹脂組合物,其包含可固化樹脂基質、含陽離子催化劑之固化組份、及氧化劑。當該組合物固化時,其展現低於140℃之DSC峰及起始溫度與低於20℃之DSC峰之間的△溫度。
美國專利第9,263,360號提供一種熱固性樹脂組合物,其包含熱固性樹脂基質、嵌段共聚物、二氧化矽填料及固化組份,該固化組份包含酸酐或酚系樹脂與咪唑之組合。當該組合物固化時,其在室溫下展現約22GPa或更低之範圍內的模數、小於或等於10ppm之CTE α1、及多個Tg,該等Tg包括例如約-70℃至-30℃之Tg1及約100℃至150℃之Tg2。
另外,在不相關技術中,美國專利第6,727,325號係關於且主張一種環氧樹脂組合物,其包含固化之前的環氧樹脂、及包含由指定化學式表示之肆苯酚化合物之晶籠化合物以及與環氧樹脂之環氧基反應以固化樹脂的化合物。
儘管進行了此等最新努力,仍將需要提供替代性LCM或封裝材料,其能夠展示在室溫下的經提高之黏度穩定性且提供經提高之晶圓抗翹曲性,由此向最終使用者提供針對晶圓翹曲復發問題的解決方案的多種選擇及來源。
提供能夠提高黏度穩定性且在固化之後降低成型晶圓翹曲之熱固性樹脂組合物。更特定言之,本發明組合物適用作在壓縮成型及烘箱固化之後具有較低翹曲且同時維持成型化合物之物理特性的液體壓縮成型封裝劑。
該等組合物展現在室溫下之低儲存模數(諸如在室溫下約25GPa或更低,理想地在約10至約20GPa範圍內,諸如約5至約9GPa)、低
熱膨脹係數(「CTE」)(α1<15ppm;α2<30ppm),及至少一個玻璃轉移溫度[藉由熱機械分析(「TMA」),Tg高於約135℃]。
另外,且重要的係,該等組合物展現在室溫(25℃)下24小時內小於30%之黏度變化,其藉由流變儀(來自TI之ARES流變儀)量測,及展現在壓縮成型條件下固化之後小於約3cm(諸如小於約2cm)之翹曲。此物理特性組合展示出目前在克服面對半導體封裝行業之一些顯著技術障礙中的前景,尤其在液體封裝黏度不穩定性及晶圓翹曲方面。
因此,在一個態樣中提供一種熱固性樹脂組合物,其反應產物包括熱固性樹脂基質(諸如環氧樹脂組份)、填料及固化組份,該固化組份包含以下之組合:(1)包含肆苯酚化合物之晶籠化合物,及(2)含氮固化劑,諸如咪唑及其衍生物。
在另一個態樣中,提供一種提高成型晶圓之抗翹曲性之方法,其步驟包括:提供上面安置有一或多個矽晶片之晶圓;以與該晶圓接觸之方式提供如此描述之熱固性樹脂組合物;及將該晶圓及該熱固性樹脂組合物暴露於有利於允許該熱固性樹脂組合物圍繞該晶圓流動且固化成該熱固性樹脂組合物的反應產物的條件下。相比於具有除本文中所揭示之材料以外的材料的成型晶圓,固化反應產物能夠將成型晶圓之抗翹曲性提高約50%,理想地至少約65%,且甚至更理想地至少約80%。該晶圓由矽構成,且該組合物以小於該晶圓之厚度之約50%的厚度,諸如以小於該晶圓之厚度之約33%的厚度安置於該晶圓上。
圖1描繪用於晶圓級封裝應用之液體壓縮成型封裝方法的方
法流程圖。
除了其他成分以外,如上文所提及之熱固性樹脂組合物包括熱固性樹脂基質(諸如環氧樹脂組份)。
環氧樹脂組份之實例包括由雙酚A、雙酚F、雙酚S、雙酚E、聯苯或其組合製成之環氧樹脂。另外,可使用相同類型樹脂(諸如A、F、S或E)內之兩種或更多種不同的雙酚環氧樹脂(或其氫化對應物)。
期望用於本文中之雙酚環氧樹脂之市售實例包括雙酚F環氧樹脂[諸如來自Nippon Kayaku,Japan之RE-404-S,及來自Dai Nippon Ink & Chemicals,Inc.之EPICLON 830(RE1801)、830S(RE1815)、830A(RE1826)及830W,及來自Resolution之RSL 1738及YL-983U]及雙酚A環氧樹脂(諸如來自Resolution之YL-979及980)。
可購自Dai Nippon及上文所提及之雙酚環氧樹脂作為液體未稀釋之表氯醇-雙酚F環氧樹脂銷售,其黏度低於基於雙酚A環氧樹脂之習知環氧樹脂,且物理特性類似於液體雙酚A環氧樹脂。雙酚F環氧樹脂的黏度低於雙酚A環氧樹脂,這兩種類型環氧樹脂的其他所有物理特性皆相同,該雙酚F環氧樹脂提供較低黏度且因此提供快速流動的底部填充密封劑材料。此四種雙酚F環氧樹脂之EEW在165與180之間。在25℃下之黏度在3,000與4,500cps之間(除了RE1801,其黏度上限為4,000cps)。雙酚A環氧樹脂之EEW(g/eq)在180與195之間,且在25℃下之黏度在100與250cps之間。
可購自Resolution及上文所提及之雙酚環氧樹脂作為含有低含量氯離子之液體環氧樹脂銷售。RSL-1738雙酚A環氧樹脂之總氯離子
含量被報導為介於500與700ppm之間,且YL-983U之總氯離子含量被報導為介於150與350ppm之間。
在適用於本文之環氧樹脂中亦包括酚系化合物之聚縮水甘油衍生物,諸如以商標名EPON市售之彼等衍生物,諸如來自Resolution之EPON 828、EPON 1001、EPON 1009及EPON 1031;來自Dow Chemical Co.之DER 331、DER 332、DER 334及DER 542;及來自Nippon Kayaku之BREN-S。其他適合之環氧樹脂包括由多元醇及其類似物製備之聚環氧化物,及苯酚-甲醛酚醛清漆之聚縮水甘油衍生物,後者諸如為來自Dow Chemical之DEN 431、DEN 438及DEN 439。甲酚類似物亦可以商標名ARALDITE市售,諸如來自Ciba Specialty Chemicals公司之ARALDITE ECN 1235、ARALDITE ECN 1273及ARALDITE ECN 1299。SU-8為可購自Resolution之雙酚A型環氧樹脂酚醛清漆。胺、胺基醇及聚羧酸之聚縮水甘油加合物亦適用於本發明,其市售樹脂包括來自F.I.C.公司之GLYAMINE 135、GLYAMINE 125及GLYAMINE 115;來自Ciba Specialty Chemicals之ARALDITE MY-720、ARALDITE 0500及ARALDITE 0510;以及來自Sherwin-Williams Co.之PGA-X及PGA-C。
除雙酚環氧樹脂外,其他環氧化合物亦可包括於環氧樹脂組份內。舉例而言,可使用環脂族環氧化物,諸如3,4-環氧基環己基甲基-3,4-環氧基環己基碳酸酯,或雙酚或聯苯基環氧樹脂之氫化形式。
亦使用調整黏度及/或降低Tg之單官能、雙官能或多官能活性稀釋劑,諸如丁基縮水甘油醚、甲苯基縮水甘油醚、聚乙二醇縮水甘油醚或聚丙二醇縮水甘油醚。用於本文中之適當單官能環氧樹脂共反應物稀釋劑包括黏度低於環氧樹脂組份之黏度(通常低於約250cps)的彼等稀釋
劑。
單官能環氧樹脂共反應物稀釋劑應具有烷基為約6至約28個碳原子之環氧基,其實例包括C6-28烷基縮水甘油醚、C6-28脂肪酸縮水甘油酯及C10-28烷基苯酚縮水甘油醚。
在包括此類單官能環氧樹脂共反應物稀釋劑之情況下,以熱固性樹脂基質之總重量計,該共反應物稀釋劑應以至多約5重量%至約15重量%,諸如約8重量%至約12重量%之量使用。
以熱固性樹脂基質之總重量計,環氧樹脂組份應以約10重量%至約95重量%,理想地約20重量%至約80重量%之範圍內,諸如約60重量%之量存在於組合物中。
除環氧樹脂組份以外,可包括其他反應性組份,諸如環硫化物樹脂組份、噁嗪組份、噁唑啉組份、氰酸酯組份及/或含順丁烯二醯亞胺、納迪醯亞胺或衣康醯亞胺之組份。
作為環硫化物樹脂,可使用其中環氧乙烷氧原子已被硫原子置換之前述環氧樹脂中之任一者。
其中R1-R8各自單獨地為選自氫、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基之成員,其中後兩者視情況間雜有O、N、S、C=O、COO或NHC=O中之一或多者或經OH、OR、NRR、SH、SR、COOH、COOR、NHCOOH或NHCOOR中
之一或多者取代,其中R係選自C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基或C6-20芳基,X為大體上選自伸烷基、伸烯基或伸芳基之鍵,該鍵視情況間雜有O、NR、S、C=O、COO或NHC=O中之一或多者或經OH、OR、NRR、SH、SR、COOH、COOR、NHCOOH或NHCOOR中之一或多者取代,其中R係選自C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基或C6-20芳基,m及n各自單獨地為1或2,及k為0至6。
以熱固性樹脂基質之總重量計,噁嗪樹脂組份應以約10重量%至約95重量%,理想地約20重量%至約80重量%之範圍內,諸如約60重量%之量存在於組合物中。
其中p為1-4,Y定義如下,且R4係選自氫、鹵素、烷基或烯基。
以上苯并噁嗪結構中之X及Y可獨立地選自單價或多價基
團,其包括- 烴基或經取代之烴基物種(species),其通常具有在約6個至約500個範圍內之碳原子,其中該烴基物種係選自烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、環烯基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、烯基芳基、芳基炔基或炔基芳基,然而,其限制條件為僅當X包含兩種或更多種不同物種之組合時,X可為芳基;- 伸烴基或經取代之伸烴基物種,其通常具有約6個至約500個範圍內之碳原子,其中該伸烴基物種係選自伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、伸環烷基、伸環烯基、伸芳基、烷基伸芳基、芳基伸烷基、芳基伸烯基、烯基伸芳基、芳基伸炔基或炔基伸芳基,- 雜環或經取代之雜環物種,其通常具有約6個至約500個範圍內之碳原子,- 聚矽氧烷,及- 聚矽氧烷-聚胺基甲酸酯嵌段共聚物,及以上一或多者與選自以下之連接基團的組合:共價鍵、-O-、-S-、-NR-、-NR-C(O)-、-NR-C(O)-O-、-NR-C(O)-NR-、-S-C(O)-、-S-C(O)-O-、-S-C(O)-NR-、-O-S(O)2-、-O-S(O)2-O-、-O-S(O)2-NR-、-O-S(O)-、-O-S(O)-O-、-O-S(O)-NR-、-O-NR-C(O)-、-O-NR-C(O)-O-、-O-NR-C(O)-NR-、-NR-O-C(O)-、-NR-O-C(O)-O-、-NR-O-C(O)-NR-、-O-NR-C(S)-、-O-NR-C(S)-O-、-O-NR-C(S)-NR-、-NR-O-C(S)-、-NR-O-C(S)-O-、-NR-O-C(S)-NR-、-O-C(S)-、-O-C(S)-O-、-O-C(S)-NR-、-NR-C(S)-、-NR-C(S)-O-、-NR-C(S)-NR-、-S-S(O)2-、-S-S(O)2-O-、-S-S(O)2-NR-、-NR-O-S(O)-、-NR-O-S(O)-O-、-NR-O-S(O)-NR-、-NR-
O-S(O)2-、-NR-O-S(O)2-O-、-NR-O-S(O)2-NR-、-O-NR-S(O)-、-O-NR-S(O)-O-、-O-NR-S(O)-NR-、-O-NR-S(O)2-O-、-O-NR-S(O)2-NR-、-O-NR-S(O)2-、-O-P(O)R2-、-S-P(O)R2-或-NR-P(O)R2-;其中各R獨立地為氫、烷基或經取代之烷基。
熟習此項技術者容易認識到,當上述「X」或「Y」鍵中之一或多者協作形成苯并噁嗪基團之附屬物時,可產生廣泛多種有機鏈,諸如(例如)氧基烷基、硫代烷基、胺基烷基、羧基烷基、氧基烯基、硫代烯基、胺基烯基、羧基烯基、氧基炔基、硫代炔基、胺基炔基、羧基炔基、氧基環烷基、硫代環烷基、胺基環烷基、羧基環烷基、氧基環烯基、硫代環烯基、胺基環烯基、羧基環烯基、雜環基、氧基雜環基、硫代雜環基、胺基雜環基、羧基雜環基、氧基芳基、硫代芳基、胺基芳基、羧基芳基、雜芳基、氧基雜芳基、硫代雜芳基、胺基雜芳基、羧基雜芳基、氧基烷基芳基、硫代烷基芳基、胺基烷基芳基、羧基烷基芳基、氧基芳基烷基、硫代芳基烷基、胺基芳基烷基、羧基芳基烷基、氧基芳基烯基、硫代芳基烯基、胺基芳基烯基、羧基芳基烯基、氧基烯基芳基、硫代烯基芳基、胺基烯基芳基、羧基烯基芳基、氧基芳基炔基、硫代芳基炔基、胺基芳基炔基、羧基芳基炔基、氧基炔基芳基、硫代炔基芳基、胺基炔基芳基或羧基炔基芳基、氧基伸烷基、硫代伸烷基、胺基伸烷基、羧基伸烷基、氧基伸烯基、硫代伸烯基、胺基伸烯基、羧基伸烯基、氧基伸炔基、硫代伸炔基、胺基伸炔基、羧基伸炔基、氧基伸環烷基、硫代伸環烷基、胺基伸環烷基、羧基伸環烷基、氧基伸環烯基、硫代伸環烯基、胺基伸環烯基、羧基伸環烯基、氧基伸芳基、硫代伸芳基、胺基伸芳基、羧基伸芳基、氧基烷基伸芳基、硫代烷基伸芳基、胺基烷基伸芳基、羧基烷基伸芳
基、氧基芳基伸烷基、硫代芳基伸烷基、胺基芳基伸烷基、羧基芳基伸烷基、氧基芳基伸烯基、硫代芳基伸烯基、胺基芳基伸烯基、羧基芳基伸烯基、氧基烯基伸芳基、硫代烯基伸芳基、胺基烯基伸芳基、羧基烯基伸芳基、氧基芳基伸炔基、硫代芳基伸炔基、胺基芳基伸炔基、羧基芳基伸炔基、氧基炔基伸芳基、硫代炔基伸芳基、胺基炔基伸芳基、羧基炔基伸芳基、伸雜芳基、氧基伸雜芳基、硫代伸雜芳基、胺基伸雜芳基、羧基伸雜芳基、含雜原子之二價或多價環狀部分、含氧基雜原子之二價或多價環狀部分、含硫代雜原子之二價或多價環狀部分、含胺基雜原子之二價或多價環狀部分、含羧基雜原子之二價或多價環狀部分及其類似物。
以熱固性樹脂基質之總重量計,苯并噁嗪樹脂組份應約10重量%至約95重量%,理想地約20重量%至約80重量%之範圍內,諸如約60重量%之量存在於組合物中。
其中此處m為2至5且R1為含有芳核之殘基。R1應含有至少6個碳原子且可自例如芳香烴(諸如苯、聯苯、萘、蒽、芘或其類似物)衍生。芳族殘基亦可自多核芳香烴衍生,其中至少兩個芳環經由橋聯基團彼此連接,諸如在橋聯成員具有下式之情況下
其中Ra及Rb相同或不同且各自表示氫原子或含有1至4個碳原子之烷基。R1亦包括衍生自酚醛清漆型酚系樹脂(亦即此等酚系樹脂之氰酸酯)之殘基。R1亦可含有其他環連接之非反應性取代基。
適用的氰酸酯之實例包括例如1,3-二氰酸酯基苯;1,4-二氰酸酯基苯;1,3,5-三氰酸酯基苯;1,3-、1,4-、1,6-、1,8-、2,6-或2,7-二氰酸酯基萘;1,3,6-三氰酸酯基萘;4,4'-二氰酸酯基-聯苯;雙(4-氰酸酯基苯基)甲烷及3,3',5,5'-四甲基雙(4-氰酸酯基苯基)甲烷;2,2-雙(3,5-二氯-4-氰酸酯基苯基)丙烷;2,2-雙(3,5-二溴-4-二氰酸酯基苯基)丙烷;雙(4-氰酸酯基苯基)醚;雙(4-氰酸酯基苯基)硫化物;2,2-雙(4-氰酸酯基苯基)丙烷;參(4-氰酸酯基苯基)-亞磷酸酯;參(4-氰酸酯基苯基)磷酸酯;雙(3-氯-4-氰酸酯基苯基)甲烷;氰酸化酚醛清漆;1,3-雙[4-氰酸酯基苯基-1-(甲基亞乙基)]苯及氰酸化的經雙酚封端之聚碳酸酯或其他熱塑性寡聚物。
其他氰酸酯包括揭示於美國專利第4,477,629及4,528,366號中之氰酸酯,該等專利中之每一者之揭示內容特此以引用之方式明確地併入本文中;揭示於英國專利第1,305,702號中之氰酸酯;及揭示於國際專利公開案第WO 85/02184號中之氰酸酯,其中的每一者之揭示內容特此以引用之方式明確地併入本文中。
尤其期望的用於本文中之氰酸酯可以商標名「AROCY」[1,1-二(4-氰酸酯基苯基乙烷)]購自Hunstman Advanced Materials,Tarrytown,New York。四種期望的「AROCY」氰酸酯之結構為
以熱固性樹脂基質之總重量計,氰酸酯樹脂組份應以在約10重量%至約95重量%,理想地約20重量%至約80重量%之範圍內,諸如約60重量%之量存在於組合物中。
其中此處m為1-15,p為0-15,各R2係獨立地選自氫或低碳數烷基(諸如C1-5),且J為包含有機或有機矽氧烷基團及其兩者或更多者之組合的單價或多價基團,諸如關於以上苯并噁嗪結構定義為「X」及「Y」之基團。
單價或多價基團包括烴基或經取代之烴基物種,其通常具有約6個至約500個之範圍內的碳原子。烴基物種可為烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、環烯基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、烯基芳基、芳基炔基及炔基芳基。
另外,X可為通常具有約6個至約500個之範圍內之碳原子的伸烴基或經取代之伸烴基物種。伸烴基物種之實例包括(但不限於)伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、伸環烷基、伸環烯基、伸芳基、烷基伸芳基、芳基伸烷基、芳基伸烯基、烯基伸芳基、芳基伸炔基及炔基伸芳基。
順丁烯二醯亞胺、衣康醯胺或納迪醯亞胺可呈液體或固體形式。
在一所要實施例中,順丁烯二醯亞胺、衣康醯胺或納迪醯亞胺官能團由多價基團間隔,該多價基團具有足夠之長度及分支以使含順丁烯二醯亞胺之化合物呈液體狀。順丁烯二醯亞胺、衣康醯胺或納迪醯亞胺化合物可含有在順丁烯二醯亞胺官能團之間的間隔基,包含在順丁烯二醯亞胺、衣康醯胺或納迪醯亞胺官能團之間的分支鏈伸烷基。
在含順丁烯二醯亞胺之化合物之情況下,順丁烯二醯亞胺化合物適宜係硬脂醯基順丁烯二醯亞胺、油基順丁烯二醯亞胺、聯苯順丁烯二醯亞胺或1,20-雙順丁烯二醯亞胺基-10,11-二辛基-二十烷或其組合。
同樣,在含順丁烯二醯亞胺之化合物之情況下,順丁烯二醯亞胺化合物可藉由使順丁烯二酸酐與二聚體醯胺反應來製備,或由胺丙基封端之聚二甲基矽氧烷、聚氧伸丙基胺、聚氧化四亞甲基-二-對胺基苯甲酸酯或其組合來製備。
其中R5及R6係各自選自烷基、芳基、芳烷基或烷芳基,其具有約6個至約100個碳原子,經或未經選自以下之成員取代或間雜:矽烷、矽、氧、鹵素、羰基、羥基、酯、羧酸、脲、胺甲酸乙酯(urethane)、胺基甲酸酯、硫、磺酸鹽及碸。
以熱固性樹脂基質之總重量計,順丁烯二醯亞胺、納迪醯亞胺或衣康醯亞胺應以在約10重量%至約95重量%、理想地約20重量%至約80重量%之範圍內,諸如約60重量%之量存在於組合物中。
作為填料組份,諸多材料為潛在適用的。舉例而言,尤其當半導體晶片與待配對及密封之基板之間的熱膨脹係數(「CTE」)更加接近地匹配時,無機填料可能適用。填料影響CTE且因此可用以減小固化材料之熱膨脹,藉此減小翹曲。填料組份可通常包括強化二氧化矽,諸如熔融球形二氧化矽,且可未經處理或經處理以便改變其表面之化學性質。然
而,填料組份應包括平均粒度分佈在0.1至75微米範圍內(諸如0.1至50微米範圍內)之粒子。此等粒子之市售實例在日本由Tatsumori或Denka出售。另外,可添加奈米尺寸二氧化矽粉末,諸如以商標名NANOPOX由Nanoresins,Germany出售之彼等二氧化矽粉末。NANOPOX填料為於環氧樹脂中之單分散二氧化矽填料分散體,其含量至多為約50重量%且可購自Nanoresins,Germany。通常咸信NANOPOX填料之粒度為約5nm至約80nm。
Nanoresins亦生產商品名為NANOPOX E之材料。舉例而言,Nanoresins報導NANOPOX E商標產品能使電子組件完全浸漬,該等電子組件難以用其他方式密封且難以提供大範圍之機械及熱特性,諸如減小之收縮及熱膨脹、斷裂韌性及模數。在下表中,闡述Nanoresins提供之關於四種所指出之NANOPOX E產品的資訊:
1 雙酚之二縮水甘油酯2 雙酚之二縮水甘油酯3 3,4-環氧基環己基甲基-3,4-環氧基環己基碳酸酯
Nanoresins報導可藉由使用NANOPOX E商標產品顯著提高環氧樹脂調配物中之重要特性。舉例而言:
˙與習知強化填料相比,調配物之較低黏度
˙無沈降
˙破裂韌性、抗衝擊性及模數之增加
˙經提高之抗刮性與耐磨性
˙收縮及熱膨脹之減小
˙在許多所需特性方面(諸如熱穩定性、耐化學性、玻璃轉移溫度、耐候性及介電特性)提高或至少無負面影響。
與各別的基本樹脂相比,可加工性基本上不變。
根據製造商,NANOPOX E商標產品為環氧樹脂基質中之膠態二氧化矽溶膠。根據製造商,分散相係由經表面改質之球形SiO2奈米粒子組成,該等球形SiO2奈米粒子具有低於50nm之直徑及極窄的粒度分佈。尺寸僅為幾奈米之此等球體在樹脂基質中無聚結地分佈。根據製造商,此產生黏度極低的分散體,其中SiO2含量為至多40重量%。如製造商所報導,奈米粒子係自矽酸鈉水溶液化學合成的。在此方法中,相比於使用高剪切能量將粉末填料用溶解器或其他設備分散之方法,黏結劑不被損壞。
用作填料組份之其他所需材料包括由以下構成或含有以下之材料:氧化鋁、氮化矽、氮化鋁、二氧化矽塗佈之氮化鋁、氮化硼及其組合。
當使用時,以組合物之總重量計,填料組份應以組合物之約50重量%至約90重量%,諸如約60重量%至約90重量%,理想地在約70重量%至約90重量%之範圍內的量使用。
固化組份應為潛伏的。
該固化組份包括以下之組合:(1)晶籠化合物(諸如肆苯酚化合物)及(2)含氮化合物,諸如咪唑及其衍生物。如上所述之晶籠化合物之實例包括肆苯酚化合物,諸如1,1,2,2-肆(4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3-甲
基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3,5-二甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3-氯-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3,5-二氯-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3-溴-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3,5-二溴-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3-氟-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3,5-二氟-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3-甲氧基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3,5-二甲氧基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3-氯-5-甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3-溴-5-甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3-甲氧基-5-甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3-第三丁基-5-甲基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3-氯-5-溴-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆(3-氯-5-苯基-4-羥苯基)乙烷、1,1,2,2-肆[(4-羥基-3-苯基)苯基]乙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(3-甲基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(3,5-二甲基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(3-氯-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(3,5-二氯-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(3-溴-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(3,5-二溴-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(3-苯基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(3,5-二苯基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(3-甲氧基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(3,5-二甲氧基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(3-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,3,3-肆(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、1,1,4,4-肆(4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-肆(3-甲基-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-肆(3,5-二甲基-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-肆(3-氯-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-肆(3,5-二氯-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-肆(3-甲氧基-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-肆(3,5-二甲氧基-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-肆(3-溴-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-肆(3,5-二溴-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-肆(3-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)丁烷、1,1,4,4-肆(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)丁烷及其組合。
含氮化合物包括胺、醯胺及咪唑,僅舉幾例。
作為胺,舉例而言,可使用脂族胺、脂環及雜環胺、芳族胺及經改質之胺。
作為脂族胺,可使用以下一些或所有:乙二胺、三亞甲基二胺、四亞甲基二胺、六亞甲基二胺、二伸乙基三胺、三伸乙基四胺、四伸乙基五胺、二伸丙基二胺、二甲胺基丙胺、二乙胺基丙胺、三甲基六亞甲基二胺、戊二胺、雙(2-二甲胺基乙基)醚、五甲基二伸乙基三胺、烷基-第三單胺、1,4-二氮雜雙環(2,2,2)辛烷(三伸乙基二胺)、N,N,N',N'-四甲基六亞甲基二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基丙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N-二甲基環己胺、二甲基胺基乙氧基乙氧基乙醇、二甲基胺基己醇及其組合。
作為脂環及雜環胺,可使用以下一些或所有:哌啶、薄荷烷二胺、異佛爾酮二胺(isophoronediamine)、甲基嗎啉、乙基嗎啉、N,N',N"-參(二甲胺基丙基)六氫-s-三嗪、3,9-雙(3-胺基丙基)-2,4,8,10-四氧基螺(5,5)十一烷、N-胺基乙基哌啶、三甲基胺基乙基哌啶、雙(4-胺基環己基)甲烷、N,N'-二甲基哌啶、1,8-二氮雜雙環(4,5,0)十一烯-7及其組合。
作為芳族胺,可使用鄰苯二胺、間苯二胺、對苯二胺、二胺基二苯基甲烷、二胺基二苯碸、苯甲基甲胺、二甲基苯甲胺、間二甲苯二胺、吡啶、甲吡啶及其組合。
作為經改質之多元胺,可使用添加有環氧化合物之多元胺、藉由邁克爾反應添加之多元胺、藉由曼尼希反應添加之多元胺、添加有硫脲之多元胺、酮嵌段多元胺及其組合。
作為咪唑,可使用以下一些或所有:咪唑及其衍生物,諸如異咪唑、咪唑、經烷基取代之咪唑(諸如2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2,4-二甲基咪唑、丁基咪唑、2-十七烯基-4-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-十一烯基咪唑、1-乙烯基-2-甲基咪唑、2-正十七基咪唑、2-十一基咪唑、2-十七基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-乙基4-甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-甲基咪唑、1-丙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-十一基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-苯基咪唑、1-胍胺基乙基-2-甲基咪唑)及咪唑甲基咪唑之加成產物,及咪唑與偏苯三甲酸之加成產物、2-正十七基-4-甲基咪唑及其類似物,通常其中各烷基取代基含有至多約17個碳原子且理想地至多約6個碳原子;可使用經芳基取代之咪唑,諸如苯基咪唑、苯甲基咪唑、2-甲基-4,5-二苯基咪唑、2,3,5-三苯基咪唑、2-苯乙烯基咪唑、1-(十二烷基苯甲基)-2-甲基咪唑、2-(2-羥基-4-第三丁基苯基)-4,5-二苯基咪唑、2-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4,5-二苯基咪唑、2-(3-羥苯基)-4,5-二苯基咪唑、2-(對二甲胺基苯基)-4,5-二苯基咪唑、2-(2-羥苯基)-4,5-二苯基咪唑、二(4,5-二苯基-2-咪唑)-苯-1,4,2-萘基-4,5-二苯基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-甲基咪唑、2-對甲氧基苯乙烯基咪唑、2-苯基-4,5-二羥基甲基咪唑(以商標名2PHZ可購自Shikoku,Tokyo,Japan)及其組合。
咪唑之市售實例包括來自Sigma-Aldrich Corporation之咪唑、各自購自Air Products and Chemicals Inc.之CUREZOL 1B2MZ(苯甲基-2-甲基咪唑)及CUREZOL 2P4MZ(2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑),及來自Huntsman Advanced Materials Americas Inc.之ARBADUR 9719-1(2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑)。
作為醯胺化合物,可提供可藉助於二元酸與多元胺之聚合獲得之聚醯胺,且作為酯化合物之實例,可使用諸如羧酸之芳基及硫代芳基酯的活性羰基化合物。
作為其他含氮化合物,可使用二氰二胺、胍、有機酸醯肼、二胺基順丁烯二腈、胺醯亞胺、三氟硼-哌啶錯合物、三氟硼-單乙胺錯合物及其組合物。
晶籠化合物與含氮化合物之比率應為按莫耳計約2.5:1至約0.5:1。
市售固化組份包括以商標名NISSOCURE來自Nippon Soda之彼等固化組份。
以總樹脂組合物計,固化組份應以約0.1重量%至約20重量%,諸如約2重量%至約12重量%的量被包括。
如以下實例中所說明,可包括多種添加劑。然而,尤其值得注意的為分散劑,諸如以DYSPERBYK商標名購自BYK Chemie之彼等分散劑。
出於說明之目的提供以下實例。
當今通常構建具有8"或12"直徑之重組態晶圓。在使用時,用於封裝晶圓之熱固性樹脂組合物可藉由氣壓或藉由活塞分配而分配在晶圓之中心上或周圍。除重組態晶圓以外,亦可將本發明之LCM成型至空白晶圓及開槽晶圓上。
隨後暴露於液體壓縮成型條件下,諸如在約110℃至130℃之溫度下持續約120至420秒之時間段。參見例如圖1。在該暴露之後,可
將壓縮成型的晶圓置放於習知烘箱中以用於在約120℃至小於約150℃之溫度下,諸如在約120℃至約130℃之溫度下進行模後固化(post mold cure)約15分鐘至1小時之時間段。理想地,8"的600μm厚的成型晶圓應展現整個晶圓中之翹曲約小於約3mm。
製備兩種對照組合物(樣品編號1及2),一種具有嵌段共聚物(與美國專利第9,263,360號一致)且另一種不具有。第2號樣品具有FORTEGRA-100作為嵌段共聚物。各對照組合物係基於熱固性樹脂、二氧化矽填料、固化劑、添加劑及著色劑。另外,根據本發明製備四種組合物(樣品編號3-6)。對所有組合物評估黏度穩定性且將其施加至上面安置有矽晶片之載體上且如上文所描述進行成型。
藉由將組合物在室溫下置放於流變儀(ARES)中,以在初始時間(t=0小時)及24小時之後量測各種剪切速度(T=25℃,間隙=0.5mm,板直徑=25mm)下之黏度分佈以比較黏度之提高,從而量測黏度穩定性。
成型晶圓之翹曲可藉由Nikon NEXIV掃描系統量測,或藉由在X-及Y-方向上使用Shadow Moirè量測,或藉由用尺子估計來量測。
在成型及後成型製程之後量測成型晶圓之翹曲。
參考下表1展示對照組合物(樣品編號1及2)及四種本發明組合物(樣品編號3-6),該等組合物以所陳述之量用所指出之組份調配。
藉由用機械混合器將所指出之成分混合在一起直至觀測到溶解至均質溶液中來各自製備組合物。隨後在室溫下在持續混合約30-60分鐘之時間段之情況下添加二氧化矽填料,直至達成具有實質上均勻稠度之黏性糊狀物為止。隨後將樣品轉移至容器中直至準備使用。
將該等組合物分配至作為載體之矽晶圓之中心上及中心周圍。在約120℃至小於約130℃之溫度下壓縮成型約200秒至約400秒之時間段之後,觀測到組合物固化約60%至約80%,但具有無黏性表面。隨後,將如此成型之晶圓置放於習知烘箱中以用於在約120℃至約150℃之溫度下進行模後固化約15分鐘至約1小時之時間段。
在其預期用途中,本發明組合物可分配至重組態晶圓之活性側上且在增加之壓力(約98KN)下且在約110℃至約130℃之高溫下成型約3分鐘至約7分鐘之時間段。成型晶圓總成接著可暴露於約130℃至約150℃之高溫達約1小時至約2小時之時間段。理想地,在200μm固化材料之情況下,8"的600μm厚之矽晶圓在模後固化之後應展現約小於約3cm、理想地小於約2cm之翹曲。
可將成型晶圓剝離,用重佈層塗佈,施加焊料凸塊,且此後將其切割成單一半導體封裝。
參考下表2展示在樣品首先暴露於約120℃至小於約130℃之溫度的壓縮成型條件下約200秒至約400秒之時間段之後,又在烘箱中在約15分鐘至約1小時之另一時間段內暴露於約120℃至約150℃之溫度之後量測到觀測之某些物理特性,包括諸如模數、CTE(α1或1,及α2或2)及Tg之機械特性。
「Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis,」ASTM國際命名:E831-06,2006年4月出版(「E831-06」)描述一種測試方法,該方法「使用熱機械分析技術測定固體材料之線性熱膨脹之表觀係數」。參見E831-06之第1.1段。此常見方法用於量測CTE α1或1。
「Standard Test Method for Plastics:Dynamic Mechanical Properties:In Flexure(Three-Point Bending),」ASTM國際命名:D 5023-01,2001年11月出版(「D 5023-01」)揭示一種測試方法,該測試方法「意欲提供用於測定隨各種塑膠材料之溫度而變化之模數的方式」。參見D 5023-01之第1.2段,附加強調。此常見方法用於量測儲存模數。
為實現覆晶半導體封裝上之高Tg及低翹曲,已顯示在使用暴露於低溫固化條件之後展示較快凝膠化之組合物時,該等低溫固化條件(低於約130℃)會影響翹曲。固化組合物之Tg應等於或高於用於固化組合物之溫度;Tg應高於90℃,理想地高於125℃。若該組合物緩慢固化或在較高溫度下固化,則晶粒與基板組(substrate set)之間的應力自由點較
高。室溫下之翹曲係由將壓縮成型之半導體封裝自固化溫度冷卻至室溫產生。
為了達成此等壓縮成型半導體封裝在約-55℃至125℃之間的熱循環效能的高可靠性,液體壓縮成型材料應具有:在260℃下回流之後藉由TMA量測之高於90℃且理想地高於125℃之Tg,低於140℃之DSC峰,在起始與DSC峰之間的低於20℃之△溫度。
如表2中所示,對照組合物中之一者(第1號樣品)展示高Tg及低CTE。然而,此組合物展現兩個問題:(1)24小時室溫儲存之後黏度增加超過30%及(2)固化之後的較大翹曲,遠超過3cm。
另一種對照組合物(第2號樣品)展示大大改善之翹曲-約0.4cm。但此組合物亦展現在室溫下儲存24小時之後黏度增加超過30%。
本發明組合物展示提高之黏度穩定性及降低之翹曲。更特定言之,第3號樣品展現在室溫下儲存24小時之後黏度增加小於30%。第3號樣品還展現改善之翹曲--2.0cm。
類似地,第4號樣品亦展現該黏度特性及0.06cm之翹曲,而第5號樣品之黏度亦如此且展現零翹曲。
第6號樣品展示在室溫下儲存24小時之後提高之黏度穩定性及改善之抗翹曲性--2.0cm。
本發明組合物實現以下特性:a)如藉由DMA(3點彎曲法,在5℃/min下)量測,當固化時,室溫(25℃)下儲存模數在25GPa或更低之範圍內,b)如藉由TMA(以5℃/min之漸升速率)量測,當固化時,CTE α1小於或等於15ppm,及CTE α2小於或等於30ppm,
c)如藉由TMA(3點彎曲法,以5℃/min之漸升速率)量測,當固化時,至少一個Tg高於135℃,d)如藉由流變儀(來自TI之ARES流變儀)量測,作為封裝劑,室溫(25℃)下24小時內之黏度變化小於30%。
Claims (8)
- 一種熱固性樹脂組合物,其包含熱固性樹脂基質、二氧化矽填料及固化組份,該固化組份包含晶籠化合物與含氮固化劑之組合,該晶籠化合物包含肆苯酚化合物,其中該固化組份係以該組合物之總重量的2重量%至20重量%存在,其中該組合物在室溫下儲存24小時之後黏度增加小於30%,且其中當該組合物在矽晶圓上固化時,該組合物在烘箱固化之後展現小於3cm之翹曲,其中該翹曲藉由在130℃至150℃之溫度下將該組合物之200μm厚層成型至600μm厚、8吋矽晶圓上持續10分鐘至1小時之時間段而量測。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中該組合物具有以下物理特性集合:(a)在室溫下儲存模數在25GPa或更低之範圍內,(b)低於玻璃轉化溫度之熱膨脹係數CTE α1小於或等於15ppm,(c)高於玻璃轉化溫度之熱膨脹係數CTE α2小於或等於30ppm,及(d)多個藉由TMA量測之Tg大於135℃。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中當該組合物固化時,其展現多個藉由TMA量測之大於160℃之Tg及小於2cm之翹曲。
- 如請求項1之組合物,其中該熱固性樹脂基質包含環氧樹脂組份、環硫化物樹脂組份、噁嗪組份、噁唑啉組份、氰酸酯組份及/或含順丁烯二 醯亞胺、納迪醯亞胺(nadimide)或衣康醯亞胺之組份。
- 一種提高由如請求項1之組合物液體壓縮成型或封裝之成型晶圓之抗翹曲性的方法,其步驟包含:提供晶圓;提供與該晶圓接觸之如請求項1之該熱固性樹脂組合物;及將該晶圓及該熱固性樹脂組合物暴露於有利該熱固性樹脂組合物固化的條件,其中相較於具有除該熱固性樹脂組合物之固化反應產物以外之材料的成型晶圓而言,該熱固性樹脂組合物之固化反應產物能夠將抗翹曲性提高50%或更多。
- 如請求項5之方法,其中相較於具有除該熱固性樹脂組合物之固化反應產物以外之材料的成型晶圓而言,該抗翹曲性提高65%或更多。
- 如請求項5之方法,其中相較於具有除該熱固性樹脂組合物之固化反應產物以外之材料的成型晶圓而言,該抗翹曲性提高80%或更多。
- 一種由如請求項5之方法形成之產品。
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TW202337995A (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-10-01 | 德商漢高股份有限及兩合公司 | 液體模製物料及其當暴露於雷射能後變成具可鍍性的反應產物 |
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