TWI503170B - 氫化觸媒及藉由羰基化合物之氫化而製造醇類的方法 - Google Patents
氫化觸媒及藉由羰基化合物之氫化而製造醇類的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI503170B TWI503170B TW097132379A TW97132379A TWI503170B TW I503170 B TWI503170 B TW I503170B TW 097132379 A TW097132379 A TW 097132379A TW 97132379 A TW97132379 A TW 97132379A TW I503170 B TWI503170 B TW I503170B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogenation
- catalyst
- mass
- hydrogenation catalyst
- reaction
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 97
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 78
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 title description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- WDMOXLRWVGEXJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonanal Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCC=O WDMOXLRWVGEXJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- -1 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=O GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanal Chemical compound CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007696 Kjeldahl method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-ene Chemical compound CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium dichromate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- BWLBGMIXKSTLSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(O)=O BWLBGMIXKSTLSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-isoindole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CNC=C21 VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutanal Chemical compound CC(O)CC=O HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005882 aldol condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QKSIFUGZHOUETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;azane Chemical compound N.N.N.N.[Cu+2] QKSIFUGZHOUETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002084 enol ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NSVFPFUROXFZJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni] NSVFPFUROXFZJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCFOBLITZWHNNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oct-3-en-2-one Chemical compound CCCCC=CC(C)=O ZCFOBLITZWHNNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene-2 Natural products CCC=CC QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001764 (E)-oct-3-en-2-one Substances 0.000 description 1
- VIHUHUGDEZCPDK-GQCTYLIASA-N (e)-5-methylhept-2-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)C\C=C\C VIHUHUGDEZCPDK-GQCTYLIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXBJRNXXTAWCKU-SNAWJCMRSA-N (e)-6-methylhept-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\CCC(C)C LXBJRNXXTAWCKU-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical class CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSAIUMLZVGUGKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Nonenal Natural products CCCCCCC=CC=O BSAIUMLZVGUGKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=C MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCBGGJURENJHKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhept-1-ene Chemical class CCCCCC(C)=C RCBGGJURENJHKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRUDSQHLKGNCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhex-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=C IRUDSQHLKGNCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GADNZGQWPNTMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylhept-2-enal Chemical compound CCCCC=C(C=O)CCC GADNZGQWPNTMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDMFTFWKTYXBIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methyl-1-heptene Chemical class CCCCC(C)C=C QDMFTFWKTYXBIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMJNEQWWZRSFCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethoxy-3-oxo-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CS1 PMJNEQWWZRSFCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQDPJFUHLCOCRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hexene Chemical compound CCC=CCC ZQDPJFUHLCOCRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTVRLCUJHGUXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyleneheptane Chemical compound CCCCC(=C)CC XTVRLCUJHGUXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RITONZMLZWYPHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylhex-1-ene Chemical compound CCCC(C)C=C RITONZMLZWYPHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLUPFQMLFXGTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyloct-1-ene Chemical class CCCCCC(C)C=C GLUPFQMLFXGTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004440 Isodecyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical class [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUJSQHJNDXYLSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[Ce+3].[OH-].[OH-] Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[Ce+3].[OH-].[OH-] MUJSQHJNDXYLSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJSNNNWSOVBYEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [CH2-]C(=O)C.[Co+2].[CH2-]C(=O)C Chemical class [CH2-]C(=O)C.[Co+2].[CH2-]C(=O)C AJSNNNWSOVBYEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006668 aldol addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005575 aldol reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous guanidine Natural products NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXLQOOXAQLYREP-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) 3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CC(=O)CC([O-])=O.CC(=O)CC([O-])=O.CC(=O)CC([O-])=O IXLQOOXAQLYREP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QOWZHEWZFLTYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);triformate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O QOWZHEWZFLTYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical class [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical class [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical class [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical class [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PFQLIVQUKOIJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) formate Chemical class [Co+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O PFQLIVQUKOIJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HFDWIMBEIXDNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diformate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O HFDWIMBEIXDNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylacetylene Natural products CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002373 hemiacetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N n'-amino-n-iminomethanimidamide Chemical compound N\N=C\N=N VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical class [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HZPNKQREYVVATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);diformate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O HZPNKQREYVVATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical class [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl ethylene Natural products CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N renifolin D Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1Cc2c(O)c(O)ccc2[C@H]1CC(=O)c3ccc(O)cc3O BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/26—Chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/86—Chromium
- B01J23/868—Chromium copper and chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0207—Pretreatment of the support
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/14—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group
- C07C29/141—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/143—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones
- C07C29/145—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/86—Chromium
- B01J23/866—Nickel and chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本發明有關氫化觸媒及藉由羰基化合物,特別是醛類,之氫化反應而製造醇類的方法。
醇類可藉由例如由烯烴類之氫甲醯化反應而得之羰基化合物的催化氫化反應而製得。製備許多有機化合物時,使用大量醇類作為溶劑及作為中間產物。醇類的重要下游產物為增塑劑與清潔劑。
已知羰基化合物,特別是醛類,可採用氫經催化還原反應而形成醇類。經常使用之觸媒含有至少一種元素週期表第1b、2b、6b、7b及/或8族的金屬。醛類之氫化反應可使用粉碎或丸粒化觸媒於氣相或液相中以連續或批次的方式進行。
由羰氧化法(oxo process)(烯烴之氫甲醯化反應)所得的醛類進行氫化反應之工業製備醇類的方法,尤其是在大體積產物情況下,係在連續製程中使用固定床觸媒於氣相或液相中進行。
與氣相氫化反應相較,液相氫化反應具有更有利之能量均衡與較高的時間一空間產率。隨著欲氫化之醛的莫耳質量提高,即,隨著沸點提高,更有利之能量均衡的優點提升。因此,具有多於7個碳原子之高碳醛類較佳於液相中氫化。
不過,於液相中氫化的缺點係由於高濃度醛類與醇類二者,使得後續反應與二次反應利於形成高沸點化合物。因此,醛類可更容易進行醇醛反應(加成反應及/或縮合反應),並與醇類形成半縮醛或全縮醛。所形成之縮醛類可進行水或醇的消去反應而形成烯醇醚,烯醇醚在反應條件下經氫化而形成飽和醚類。此等二次反應副產物因此降低產率。副產物係指高沸點化合物,最佳可部分再解離成有價值產物,諸如下游設備的起始醛類與產物醇類。
氫化反應用之工業醛混合物經常已含有各種濃度之高沸點化合物。
在鈷觸媒之存在下的烯烴類之氫甲醯化反應提供粗質醛類,其不只含有甲酸酯類,亦含有醇醛產物、高碳酯類與醚類以及縮醛類作為高沸點化合物。若此等混合物係於氣相中氫化,高沸點化合物之主要部分可在汽化器中加以分離,並在獨立之處理步驟中逐漸形成得到有價值產物。
另一方面,在液相氫化反應中,高沸點化合物仍留在反應器進料內。高沸點化合物大部分係在氫化階段中被氫化,因此不可能自彼等回收有價值產物。
在US 5,059,710中,由氫化粗質醛類而得之醇類的產率係藉由在該氫化反應之前的處理步驟中,於高溫度下使用水再解離部分高沸點化合物以形成醛類或醇類而提高。因此,水解作用與氫化反應為獨立處理階段;未提到有關待氫化之混合物中的水含量。
類似方法係揭示於US 4,401,834。同樣地,亦在實際
氫化步驟之前,於水之存在下進行高沸點化合物的解離作用。
GB 2 142 010描述一種將具有6至20個碳原子且含有高沸點化合物與少量硫化合物的粗質醛類氫化成相對應之飽和醇類的方法。該氫化反應係在串聯連接的兩個反應器中進行。第一反應器含有MoS2
/C觸媒,而第二反應器含有Ni/Al2
O3
觸媒。在兩個反應器中之氫化反應係經由添加以進料流計為至多10%之蒸氣,在溫度範圍為180至260℃及使用大幅過量的氫使得氫分壓為150至210巴下進行。根據其實施例,過量氫如此之大以致於所添加之水實質上只存在於氣相中。此方法之目的係抑制因醇類氫解作用而形成烴類。並未談到有關氫化反應中之高沸點化合物與甲酸酯的增加或減少。
US 2,809,220描述在水之存在下之氫甲醯化混合物的液相氫化反應。含硫觸媒係用作觸媒。氫化反應係在105至315巴之壓力範圍及204至315℃之溫度範圍中,在以起始材料計為1至10%水之存在下進行。為了使所添加之水保持氣相,使用大量過量氫(每m3
起始材料使用892至3566標準m3
之氫)。至於該高度過量之氫,可參考GB 2 142 010之討論。高能量消耗率仍為此方法之缺點。
氫甲醯化混合物之另一氫化方法係揭示於DE 198 42 370。此處,提出氫甲醯化混合物如何於液相中在含有銅、鎳與鉻之經承載觸媒上被氫化的說明。視已藉以製得氫
甲醯化混合物之方法(銠或鈷方法)而定,此等混合物含有水。所揭示方法係設計用於將醛類選擇性氫化成醇類而不氫化在氫甲醯化反應中未經反應之烯烴,即,高沸點化合物(尤其是縮醛)未被轉化成有價值產物。此在經濟上不利,因此有改善空間。
DE 100 62 448描述一種將來自於均勻液相中在含有至少一種週期表第八過渡族元素之固定床觸媒上將來自具有4至16個碳原子之烯烴的氫甲醯化反應之反應混合物連續氫化的方法,來自該反應器之輸出物的均勻液相仍含有0.05至10質量%之水,及在本方法穩定態下,進料比氫化反應所消耗的量多3至50%之氫。此方法的優點係在具有新鮮觸媒之氫化期間開始時,來自該氫化反應之輸出物中的高沸點化合物比例非常低。不過,高沸點化合物之比例隨著操作期間增長而提高,而醇類產率則降低。
在WO 01/87809中,進料至氫化反應器之進料係與某量之鹽鹼(M+
)(An-
)摻合,其中(M+
)為鹼金屬離子或等價之鹼土金屬離子,而(An-
)為pKa大於2之酸的陰離子且n為該陰離子之價,該鹽鹼可溶解於其中以減少醛類之氫化反應中副產物的形成。此方法的缺點係所添加之鹽類在氫化反應後存在來自該氫化反應的輸出物中。此等材料難以分離,因此招致成本增加。在藉由直接蒸餾的純化步驟中,所添加之鹽類會沉積在蒸餾設備內並導致生產故障。若此情況未發生,所添加之鹽類進入蒸餾底部物。因該等底部物含有鹽,造成其無法用於許多目的。
因此,本發明目的係發現一種氫化觸媒與發展出藉由該觸媒而將羰基化合物,特別是醛類,高度選擇性氫化成相對應之飽和醇類的氫化方法,其中該選擇性在長時間期間實際上保持恆定,以及不需要添加難以從該氫化產物分離之材料。
現今已發現當使用包含載體材料與至少一種氫化活性金屬之氫化觸媒時,可在長時間期間以高度且實質上恆定之選擇性將羰基化合物,特別是醛類,氫化成對應之醇類,該氫化觸媒中該載體材料係以二氧化鈦、二氧化鋯、氧化鋁、氧化矽或其混合氧化物為底質,而該氫化活性金屬係至少一種選自由銅、鈷、鎳、鉻所組成之群組的元素,及該載體材料含有元素鋇。
因此,本發明提供一種氫化觸媒,其包含載體材料與至少一種氫化活性金屬,且其中該載體材料係以二氧化鈦、二氧化鋯、氧化鋁、氧化矽或其混合氧化物為底質,且該氫化活性金屬係至少一種選自由銅、鈷、鎳、鉻所組成之群組的元素,其特徵在於該載體材料含有元素鋇。
本發明另外提供一種藉由羰基化合物之氫化反應而製備醇類的方法,其中該氫化反應係在具有上述特徵的氫化觸媒的存在下進行。
使用本發明觸媒之本發明方法具有一系列意外的優點。
當使用本發明觸媒時,由於二次反應的形成(諸如醇醛加成反應、醇醛縮合反應、縮醛的形成或醚的形成),使得在醛類的液相氫化反應中形成的高沸點化合物極少。醇形成之選擇性在長時間期間,通常為多於2000小時之操作,實質上保持恆定。觸媒活性僅緩慢降低。例如,在使適當的氫甲醯化混合物氫化以形成異壬醇的反應中,操作約2000小時後之活性為操作50小時後之值的大於約99%(氫化反應之輸出物中的異壬醇之重量比例)。於該氫化反應期間,沒有可進入該氫化反應之輸出物的材料從觸媒材料溶出。因此,藉由蒸餾的純化步驟提供無鹽餾份,此容許可更容易地使用彼等餾份。由於高度選擇性之故,氫化溫度可被提高而未發生可察覺增加之二次反應。因此,可提高空間一時間產率或當觸媒活性降低時仍可保持空間一時間產率穩定,其致使觸媒之操作期限延長。提高氫化溫度容許更佳利用氫化反應熱。
本發明之氫化觸媒包含載體材料(以二氧化鈦、二氧化鋯、氧化鋁、氧化矽或其混合氧化物為底質,並含有元素鋇)與施用於此載體材料之氫化活性金屬,該氫化活性金屬係至少一種選自由銅、鈷、鎳、鉻所組成之群組的元素。
至於載體前驅體,可能使用氧化鋁、鋁矽酸鹽、二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、二氧化鋯。較佳之載體前驅體為氧化鋁,特別是γ-氧化鋁。
載體材料或載體前驅體通常具有孔隙。在所使用之載體材料中,可區分微孔(孔直徑小於2nm)、中間孔(孔直徑為2至50nm)與大孔(孔直徑大於50nm)。載體材料之孔隙度可為均勻的微孔、中間孔或大孔,但亦可存在此等孔經尺寸之任何組合。經常遭遇雙峰型孔徑尺寸分布。
載體材料之孔隙度通常令平均孔直徑為約10至30nm,BET表面積為約80至300m2
/g,且孔隙容積(借助環己烷法而測定)為約0.4至0.9ml/g。
此等載體材料或載體前驅體本身已習知,且可以購得多種形式。
載體前驅體係與鋇化合物反應以提供最終載體。在該載體材料中,鋇係以氧化態2以金屬氧化物、該載體前驅體之鹽、混合氧化物,或若情況適當,其他化合物的形式存在。以氧化鋇為計算基準並以還原之觸媒計,鋇化合物之含量係在0.1至2質量%之範圍,特別是在0.3至0.7質量%之範圍。
將至少一種選自由銅、鉻、鎳、鈷所組成之群組的氫化活性金屬施用於已以此種方式經鋇改質之載體材料。該觸媒可含有至少一種該等氫化活性金屬。本發明之觸媒較佳係含有金屬銅、鉻、鎳。該觸媒較佳係含有三種金屬銅、鉻與鎳之組合作為氫化活性觸媒。
氫化活性金屬的含量以還原之觸媒計係在1至40質量%之範圍,特別是在5至25質量%之範圍,此係以金屬為計算基準。
用於製造本發明之氫化觸媒的方法係藉由下列方法而製造:將含有鋇化合物的溶液施用於以二氧化鈦、二氧化鋯、氧化鋁、氧化矽或其混合氧化物為底質之載體材料,乾燥經此種方式處理的載體材料,然後在第一階段中煅燒之,以及將含有元素銅、鈷、鎳、鉻中至少一者的化合物之溶液施用於已經此種方式處理的載體材料,乾燥經此種方式處理的載體材料,然後在第二階段中煅燒之。
在該方法之第一階段中,一或多種鋇化合物可施用於載體前驅體。較佳係藉由將溶液噴灑在載體前驅體,或以含有一或多種鋇化合物之溶液浸漬該載體前驅體而進行。
適合之鋇化合物係例如醋酸鋇、氯化鋇(水合物)、氫氧化鋇八水合物、硝酸鋇、氯化鋇脫水物。較佳之化合物為硝酸鋇。
鋇化合物較佳係以水溶液形式施用。
鋇化合物之施用可以單一步驟或複數個步驟進行,在個別步驟中所使用的溶液之濃度與組成可不同。
施用鋇化合物之後,於空氣流中在80至120℃之溫度範圍內預乾燥載體起始材料。若鋇化合物係以複數個步驟施用,可在每一步驟後進行乾燥。預乾燥後,在400至650℃之溫度範圍,特別是在420℃至550℃之溫度範圍煅燒該載體起始材料。
煅燒之後,將氫化活性金屬銅、鉻、鎳、鈷中之一或多者施用於該載體材料。該施用係以與鋇化合物之施用所述類似方式進行,換言之,藉由以金屬化合物之適當的溶液處理該載體材料而進行。較佳情況係使用氫化活性金屬之化合物的水溶液。
為了製備此等溶液,可能使用例如下列化合物:甲酸銅、乙酸銅、氯化銅、硝酸銅、硫酸銅、乙醯丙酮銅、與此等化合物之對應的水錯合物與氨錯合物;甲酸鈷、乙酸鈷、氯化鈷、硝酸鈷、硫酸鈷、乙醯丙酮鈷、與從彼等衍生之水錯合物與氨錯合物;甲酸鎳、乙酸鎳、乙醯丙酮鎳、氯化鎳、硝酸鎳、硫酸鎳與從彼等衍生之水錯合物與氨錯合物;甲酸鉻、乙酸鉻、乙醯丙酮鉻、氯化鉻、硝酸鉻、硫酸鉻、與從彼等衍生之水錯合物與氨錯合物,以及鉻酸銨與二鉻酸銨。
若本發明之觸媒含有多於一種氫化活性金屬,該載體較有利係經待混合之金屬化合物的聯合溶液處理。然而,亦可能將待混合之金屬的適當溶液依序施用於載體,乾燥作用可於每一步驟之後進行。
在特佳具體實例中,觸媒載體係經三種金屬銅、鉻與鎳之化合物的聯合溶液處理。
施用氫化活性金屬之化合物並預乾燥後,在400℃至650℃之溫度範圍,特別是在420℃至550℃之溫度範圍煅燒該載體起始材料。
若氫化活性金屬係以甲酸鹽或硝酸鹽形式施用於載體,可能可省略煅燒作用。
本發明之觸媒較有利係製成於氫化反應期間提供低流動阻力之形式,例如丸粒、圓柱體、擠出物或環。觸媒之製造中,經常將載體前驅體製成適當形式。成型之載體前驅體亦可由市面購得。
藉由羰基化合物之氫化反應而製備醇類的本發明方法係以本身已習知之方式進行,但該氫化反應係在如上述之本發明氫化觸媒的存在下進行。
本發明方法中,氫化反應可在經懸浮之細碎或成型、固定床觸媒上連續或分批進行。以在反應條件下該產物/起始材料主要呈液態之固定床觸媒上的連續氫化反應為佳。
若氫化反應係在固定床觸媒上連續進行,較有利係於該氫化反應之前將該觸媒轉化成活性形式。此可藉由根據溫度控制器使用含氫氣體使觸媒還原的方式進行。若情況適當,還原作用可於通過該觸媒之液相的存在下進行,例如如DE 199 33 348所述。
本發明方法係以滴流相,或較佳係以液相,在三相反應器中以同向流的方式進行,氫係以習知方式細分散於該液態進料/產物流。為了液體之均勻分布、反應熱移除的改良與高空間一時間產率之利益,反應器較佳係以每m2
空反應器之橫斷面與每小時為15至120m3
,特別是25至80m3
之高液體空間速度操作。若反應器係等溫且單程操作,觸媒之比空間速度(LHSV)可為0.1至10h-1
。
本發明方法係係使用氫,在5至100巴之壓力範圍,較佳係5至40巴,特佳係10至25巴下進行。氫化溫度係在120至220℃之範圍內,特別是140至190℃。
用於氫化反應之氫可含有惰性氣體,諸如甲烷或氮。較佳係使用具有純度大於98%,特別是大於99%之氫。
可針對本發明方法選擇各種方法變體。可在絕熱或實質上等溫下進行,即,在一或多個階段中溫度上升低於10℃。在後者情況中,所有反應器(較有利為管式反應器)可在絕熱或實質上等溫下操作,或者一或多個反應器可在絕熱下操作,而其他反應器可在實質上等溫下操作。此外,可能於水之存在下以單程或產物再循環方式氫化羰基化合物或羰基化合物之混合物。
原則上可能使用本發明之氫化觸媒與本發明方法將所有羰基化合物氫化成對應之醇類。特別是,可能將醛類氫化成一級醇、將酮類氫化成二級醇類,將α,β-不飽和醛類氫化成飽和一級醇,及將α,β-不飽和酮類氫化成飽和二級醇。羰基化合物可具有其他官能基,諸如羥基或烷氧基。此外,可存在其他非共軛烯烴雙鍵,視觸媒及其他處理條件而定,此等非共軛烯烴雙鍵可保持未經氫化或部分或完全氫化。
α,β-不飽和酮類或醛類之氫化反應較佳係在不添加水之情況下進行,而非共軛酮類與醛類之氫化反應較佳係在添加水之情況下進行,如同例如DE 100 62 448所述。
本發明方法較佳係用以氫化具有4至25個碳原子之羰基化合物,特別是具有4至25個碳原子之飽和或不飽和醛類或酮類。
為了使二次反應最小化及因而提高產率,較有利係限制進料至反應器之進料中的羰基化合物濃度。特別是,在具有8至17個碳原子之氫甲醯化混合物的氫化反應中,進料至反應器中之進料的醛含量為1至35質量%,特別是5至25質量%。在以循環模式操作之反應器情況下,所需之濃度範圍可經由循環比(經循環之氫化輸出物對進料之比)而設定。
本發明方法所使用之羰基化合物可以各種方式製得:α,β-不飽和酮類可例如藉由兩種酮之縮合反應,或酮與醛之縮合反應而製得,例如,從正戊醛與丙酮所得之辛-3-烯-2-酮;α,β-不飽和醛類可藉由醛類之醇醛縮合反應而製得,例如從正丁醛所得之2-乙基己-2-烯醛,從正戊醛所得之2-丙基庚-2-烯醛,或藉由至少兩種不同C5
-醛類之縮合反應而得之異構癸烯醛的混合物。較佳情況係使用藉由C5
-醛類(特別是戊醛)之縮合反應而得之癸烯醛混合物。
本發明方法所使用之非共軛不飽和醛類主要係藉由氫甲醯化反應製得。
由氫甲醯化反應製備醛類或反應混合物之起始材料係具有3至24個碳原子,特別是4至16個碳原子,且具有末端或中間C-C雙鍵之烯烴或烯烴混合物,例如1-丁烯、2-丁烯、異丁烯、1-或2-戊烯、2-甲基-1-丁烯、2-甲基-2-丁烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、1-、2-或3-己烯、丙烯之二聚作用中所得之C6
-烯烴混合物(二丙烯)、庚烯類、2-或3-甲基-1-己烯、辛烯類、2-甲基庚烯類、3-甲基庚烯類、5-甲基-2-庚烯、6-甲基-2-庚烯、2-乙基-1-己烯、丁烯類之二聚作用中所得之異構C8
-烯烴之混合物(二丁烯)、壬烯類、2-或3-甲基-辛烯類、丙烯之三聚作用中所得之C9
-烯烴混合物(三丙烯)、癸烯類、2-乙基-1-辛烯、十二烯類、丙烯之四聚作用或丁烯類之三聚作用中所得之C12
-烯烴混合物(四丙烯或三丁烯)、十四烯類、十五烯類、十六烯類、丁烯類之四聚作用中所得之C16
-烯烴混合物(四丁烯)、及具有不同碳原子數(較佳為2至4)之烯烴的共低聚合作用所製得之烯烴混合物,若情況適合,在藉由蒸餾分離成具有相同或相似鏈長之餾份。同樣地,可能使用經由Fischer-Tropsch合成所製之烯烴或烯烴混合物,及經由乙烯之低聚合作用所得之烯烴,或採用複分解反應而得之烯烴。用於製備氫甲醯化混合物之較佳起始材料為C8
-、C9
-、C12
-、C15
-或C16
-烯烴混合物。本發明方法中,特佳係使用從C8
-或C12
-烯烴或C8
-或C12
-烯烴混合物所製得之氫甲醯化混合物。特佳係使用可藉由二丁烯的氫甲醯化反應而得之C9
-醛異壬醛。
烯烴係以慣用方式進行氫甲醯化反應,然後提供本發明氫化方法之起始材料。氫甲醯化反應通常係使用銠或鈷觸媒進行,該觸媒具有或不具安定該錯合物之添加劑,例如有機膦或亞磷酸鹽。視觸媒或烯烴而定,溫度與壓力可在廣泛限制內變化。烯烴之氫甲醯化反應的說明可參見,例如,J. Falbe之New Syntheses with Carbon Monoxide,Springer-Verlag,Heidelberg-New York,1980,第99 ff頁,及Kirk-Othmer之Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,第17卷,第4版,John Wiley & Sons,第902至919頁(1996)。
首先,有利的是得自氫甲醯化反應之反應混合物在用於本發明方法之前並無觸媒。若已使用鈷觸媒,此可藉由降壓,於水或含水酸之存在下氧化該氫甲醯化混合物中剩餘的鈷羰基化合物,並移除水相而進行。鈷移除方法已為人熟知;詳見例如J.Falbe之上述引文、Kirk-Othmer之上述引文第164、175頁,BASF方法。
若使用銠化合物作為氫甲醯化觸媒,可採用薄膜蒸發作用以蒸餾殘留物形式將彼分離出。
已去除氫甲醯化觸媒之得自鈷催化的氫甲醯化反應之反應混合物通常含有3至40質量%,經常為5至30質量%之低沸點化合物,主要為未反應烯烴,連同對應之飽和烴類,與0.05至5質量%之水、30至90質量%之醛類、5至60質量%之醇類、至多10質量%之此等醇類的甲酸酯、及3至15質量%之高沸點化合物。
然而,應強調的是本發明方法亦可使用此方面或任何方面之組成不與上述一致之氫甲醯化混合物而進行。因此,例如烴類(烯烴與石蠟)可在氫化反應之前自氫甲醯化混合物中分離出。
由本發明方法所得之氫化反應的輸出物係藉由蒸餾作用而進行純化步驟。此蒸餾作用係在大氣壓力或在減壓下進行。在高沸點醇類之情況下,以減壓下之蒸餾作用為佳。
下列實例係用以說明本發明,但本發明不受彼限制。
直徑為約1.2mm、BET表面積為約260m2
/g且孔隙容積(採用環己烷法測定)為0.7ml/g之擠出物形式的市售氧化鋁載體(購自Axens)係先使用鈉化合物部分中和酸性部位而加以改質。為此目的,將500g擠出物置於玻璃管內,並將該玻璃管抽真空約30分鐘。然後,將浸漬溶液(即,稀氫氧化鈉水溶液(w(NaOH)=0.24%)從底部汲取至固體床之上表面上方。約15分鐘之滯留時間後,排出未被載體吸收之溶液。經浸漬之擠出物先於空氣流中在120℃下乾燥,然後以2K/min加熱至450℃,並在此溫度下煅燒6小時。以此種方式製造之觸媒前驅體形式上含有0.1質量%之鈉。該經鈉改質之氧化鋁載體隨後係藉由使用含有鎳、銅與鉻化合物之氨溶液的真空浸漬作用而浸漬。為此目的,先將二鉻酸銨溶液(計算出之鉻含量:7.1質量%)攪拌至碳酸四氨銅溶液(以電重量分析測定之Cu含量:13.9質量%,以Kjeldahl法測得之NH3
含量:13.0質量%,在20℃下之密度:1.242g/cm3
)與碳酸六氨鎳溶液(從起始化合物計算出之Ni含量:11.2質量%,以Kjeldahl法測得之NH3
含量:18.6質量%,在20℃下之密度:1.29g/cm3
)之混合物內。從起始化合物計算出該墨綠色浸漬溶液之銅、鎳與鉻的含量為8.1質量%之銅、3.6質量%之鎳、與0.7質量%之鉻。該溶液之密度為1.26g/cm3
。為進行真空浸漬,將500g擠出物置於玻璃管內,並將該玻璃管抽真空約30分鐘。然後,將浸漬溶液從底部汲取至固體床之上表面上方。約15分鐘之滯留時間後,排出未被載體吸收之溶液。該潮濕丸粒先於空氣流中在120℃下乾燥,然後以3K/min加熱至450℃,並在此溫度下煅燒10小時。煅燒後,觸媒形式上含有:86質量%之Al2
O3
、6.4質量%之Cu、2.9質量%之Ni、0.6質量%之Cr、及0.09質量%之Na。
直徑為約1.2mm、BET表面積為約260m2
/g且孔直徑(採用環己烷法測定)為0.7ml/g之擠出物形式的市售氧化鋁載體(購自Axens)係先使用鋇化合物部分中和酸性部位而加以改質。為此目的,將500g擠出物置於玻璃管內,並將該玻璃管抽真空約30分鐘。然後,將浸漬溶液(即,稀硝酸鋇水溶液(w(Ba)=0.4%)從底部汲取至固體床之上表面上方。約15分鐘之滯留時間後,排出未被載體吸收之溶液。經浸漬之擠出物先於空氣流中在120℃下乾燥,然後以2K/min加熱至450℃,並在此溫度下煅燒6小時。以此種方式製造之觸媒前驅體形式上含有0.32質量%之鋇。
該經鋇改質之氧化鋁載體隨後係藉由使用含有鎳、銅與鉻化合物之氨溶液的真空浸漬作用而浸漬。為此目的,先將二鉻酸銨溶液(計算出之鉻含量:7.1質量%)攪拌至碳酸四氨銅溶液(以電重量分析測定之Cu含量:13.9質量%,以Kjeldahl法測得之NH3
含量:13.0質量%,在20℃下之密度:1.29g/cm3
)與碳酸六氨鎳溶液(從起始化合物計算出之Ni含量:10.6質量%,以Kjeldahl法測得之NH3
含量:18.0質量%,在20℃下之密度:1.21g/cm3
)之混合物內。從起始化合物計算出該墨綠色浸漬溶液之銅、鎳與鉻的含量為7.7質量%之銅、3.5質量%之鎳、與0.8質量%之鉻。該溶液之密度為1.23g/cm3
。為進行真空浸漬,將500g擠出物置於玻璃管內,並將該玻璃管抽真空約30分鐘。然後,將浸漬溶液從底部汲取至固體床之上表面上方。約15分鐘之滯留時間後,排出未被載體吸收之溶液。該潮濕丸粒先於空氣流中在120℃下乾燥,然後以3K/min加熱至450℃,並在此溫度下煅燒10小時。煅燒後,觸媒形式上含有:87質量%之Al2
O3
、6.3質量%之Cu、2.8質量%之Ni、0.6質量%之Cr、及0.3質量%之Ba。
得自二丁烯的鈷催化氫甲醯化反應之反應產物混合物含60.65質量%之C9
-醛異壬醛係在一循環設備中,於180℃與25巴絕對壓力下並在70.2g(相當於100ml)觸媒上於液相中連續氫化。0.075l/h之進料係以循環速率為45l/h下進料。廢氣量為60標準l/h。起始材料和產物之分析係示於表1。時間為零之分析表示起始材料的組成。
由表1可看出,當在標準觸媒上之異壬醛的氫化反應操作期間愈長,高沸點化合物形成情況增加。C9
-醛之剩餘量從該氫化反應開始時之0.52質量%增加至操作2000小時後之約2質量%。觸媒活性降低與高沸點化合物形成導致氫化反應中之所欲產物異壬醛的產率隨著操作期間拉長而降低。C9
-醇之含量(於氫化反應開始時為約90.8重量%)在2000小時期間降至約87.1重量%。
得自二丁烯的鈷催化氫甲醯化反應之反應產物混合物含60.34質量%之C9
-醛異壬醛係在一循環設備中,於180
℃與25巴絕對壓力下並在69.5g(相當於99ml)觸媒上於液相中連續氫化。在與實施例3中之標準觸媒(得自實施例1)相當之反應條件下進行長期試驗。0.075l/h之進料係以循環速率為45l/h下進料。廢氣量為60標準l/h。起始材料之產物之分析係示於表2。
由表2可看出,與標準觸媒(得自實施例1)相較,在本發明之經BaO改質的Cu/Cr/Ni觸媒(得自實施例2)上氫化粗質異壬醛所形成的高沸點化合物之量較少。剩餘C9
-醛含量隨著時間的增加明顯比標準觸媒之情況緩慢,其表示活性降低較少。
本發明觸媒相較於未經改質的標準觸媒之改良的選擇性與活性導致在操作期間不會感覺所欲產物異壬醛的產率降低。即使在2000小時後仍維持超過90.5重量%之C9
-醇含量。
Claims (13)
- 一種用於羰基化合物之氫化反應的氫化觸媒,其包含載體材料與至少一種氫化活性金屬,且其中該載體材料係以二氧化鈦、二氧化鋯、氧化鋁、氧化矽或其混合氧化物為底質,且該氫化活性金屬係至少一種選自由銅、鈷、鎳、鉻所組成之群組的元素,其特徵在於該載體材料含有元素鋇,及該觸媒含有0.3至0.7質量%之鋇,以氧化鋇為計算基準。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之氫化觸媒,其中該載體材料係以氧化鋁為底質。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之氫化觸媒,其中該氫化觸媒含有1至40質量%之氫化活性金屬,以金屬為計算基準。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之氫化觸媒,其中該氫化觸媒含有三種金屬銅、鉻與鎳之組合物作為氫化活性觸媒。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之氫化觸媒,其中該氫化觸媒含有1至20質量%之銅,0.2至6質量%之鉻、1至20質量%之鎳,各情況係以金屬為計算基準,以及0.3至0.7質量%之鋇,以金屬氧化物為計算基準。
- 一種用於製造如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之氫化觸媒的方法,其特徵在於將含有鋇化合物的溶液施用於以二氧化鈦、二氧化鋯、氧化鋁、氧化矽或其混合氧化物為底質之載體材料,並將經此種方式處理的載體材 料加以乾燥,然後在第一階段中煅燒,以及將含有元素銅、鈷、鎳、鉻中至少一者的化合物之溶液施用於已經此種方式處理的載體材料,並將經此種方式處理的載體材料加以乾燥,然後在第二階段中煅燒。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該乾燥步驟係在80至120℃之溫度範圍進行,且煅燒步驟係在400至650℃之溫度範圍進行。
- 一種藉由羰基化合物之氫化反應而製備醇類的方法,其特徵在於該氫化反應係在如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之氫化觸媒的存在下進行,及使用具有4至25個碳原子之飽和或不飽和醛類或酮類作為羰基化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中該氫化反應係使用氫,在5至100巴之壓力範圍,及在120至220℃之氫化溫度下進行。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中使用由氫甲醯化反應而得之羰基化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中使用從C8 -或C12 -烯烴類或C8 -或C12 -烯烴混合物製得之氫甲醯化混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中使用可藉由二丁烯的氫甲醯化反應而得之C9 -醛異壬醛。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中使用藉由C5 -醛類之縮合反應而製備的癸烯醛混合物。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007041380A DE102007041380A1 (de) | 2007-08-31 | 2007-08-31 | Hydrierkatalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkoholen durch Hydrierung von Carbonylverbindungen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW200927284A TW200927284A (en) | 2009-07-01 |
TWI503170B true TWI503170B (zh) | 2015-10-11 |
Family
ID=39817112
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW097132379A TWI503170B (zh) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-25 | 氫化觸媒及藉由羰基化合物之氫化而製造醇類的方法 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110060169A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2180947B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5564714B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101518083B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101376104B (zh) |
AR (1) | AR068199A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102007041380A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2476606T3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI503170B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2009027135A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004063673A1 (de) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-07-13 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen katalytischen Hydrierung von hydrierbaren Verbindungen an festen, im Festbett angeordneten Katalysatoren mit einem wasserstoffhaltigen Gas |
DE102009001594A1 (de) | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-30 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von alpha, beta-ungesättigten C10-Aldehyden |
DE102009027406A1 (de) | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-05 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von geruchsarmen n-Butan |
DE102009028975A1 (de) | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Esterderivate der 2,5-Furandicarbonsäure und ihre Verwendung als Weichmacher |
DE102009045139A1 (de) | 2009-09-30 | 2011-03-31 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Herstellung von alpha,beta-ungesättigten Aldehyden mittels einer Reaktionsmischpumpe |
DE102009045718A1 (de) | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-21 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Decanolen durch Hydrierung von Decenalen |
DE102010029924A1 (de) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-15 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Regenerierung von gebrauchten Hydrierkatalysatoren |
DE102011005608A1 (de) | 2011-03-16 | 2012-09-20 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Mischoxidzusammensetzungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isoolefinen |
CN103030528B (zh) * | 2011-09-29 | 2015-08-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 苯甲醛液相加氢制备苯甲醇 |
US9233899B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2016-01-12 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts having an amorphous support |
US9000234B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2015-04-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Calcination of modified support to prepare hydrogenation catalysts |
US9079172B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2015-07-14 | Celanese International Corporation | Promoters for cobalt-tin catalysts for reducing alkanoic acids |
US9333496B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2016-05-10 | Celanese International Corporation | Cobalt/tin catalyst for producing ethanol |
US8865609B2 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2014-10-21 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts |
US9024086B2 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2015-05-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts with acidic sites |
US8981164B2 (en) | 2012-01-06 | 2015-03-17 | Celanese International Corporation | Cobalt and tin hydrogenation catalysts |
US9050585B2 (en) | 2012-02-10 | 2015-06-09 | Celanese International Corporation | Chemisorption of ethyl acetate during hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol |
DE102012105878A1 (de) | 2012-07-02 | 2014-01-02 | Oxea Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isopentanderivaten |
US8772553B2 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2014-07-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation reaction conditions for producing ethanol |
US8853469B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2014-10-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Combined column for separating products of different hydrogenation reactors |
US8729318B1 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2014-05-20 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for producing ethanol from methyl acetate |
DE102013203117A1 (de) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-08-28 | Evonik Industries Ag | Optimierte Trenntechnik zur Aufarbeitung von homogen katalysierten Hydroformylierungsmischungen |
CN104513131B (zh) * | 2013-09-30 | 2017-08-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 癸烯醛液相加氢制备癸醇的方法 |
DE102013113724A1 (de) | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-11 | Oxea Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pentanderivaten und Derivaten alpha, beta-ungesättigter Decenale aus Propylen |
DE102013113719A1 (de) | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-11 | Oxea Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pentanderivaten und Derivaten α,β-ungesättigter Decenale |
US9073815B1 (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2015-07-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts comprising a mixed oxide and processes for producing ethanol |
US9382177B2 (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2016-07-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts comprising a mixed oxide comprising a promoter metal |
US9353035B2 (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2016-05-31 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for producing ethanol with zonal catalysts |
US9024088B1 (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2015-05-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts comprising a mixed oxide comprising nickel |
ES2689428T3 (es) | 2014-12-23 | 2018-11-14 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Hidrogenación exenta de cromo de mezclas de hidroformilación |
CN106179373A (zh) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于癸烯醛液相加氢制异癸醇的催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN106008156A (zh) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-10-12 | 山东成泰化工有限公司 | 一种癸醇的制备方法 |
CN105884575A (zh) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-24 | 山东成泰化工有限公司 | 一种利用正戊醛制备戊醇的方法 |
RU2625452C1 (ru) * | 2016-06-24 | 2017-07-14 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Иркутский государственный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ИГУ") | Никелевый катализатор гидрирования аренов |
CN106187682A (zh) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-12-07 | 山东成泰化工有限公司 | 一种癸醇的制备方法 |
CN106083527A (zh) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-09 | 山东成泰化工有限公司 | 一种戊醇的制备方法 |
CN106111184A (zh) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 山东成泰化工有限公司 | 一种异癸醇制备用催化剂及其制备方法 |
WO2018035421A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 | 2018-02-22 | The University Of Chicago | Metal oxide-supported earth-abundant metal catalysts for highly efficient organic transformations |
US10245578B2 (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2019-04-02 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Chromium- and nickel-free hydrogenation of hydroformylation mixtures |
KR101884928B1 (ko) | 2017-03-28 | 2018-08-30 | 금호석유화학 주식회사 | 금속산화물 촉매, 그 제조방법, 및 이를 이용한 알코올의 제조방법 |
FR3065175A1 (fr) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-10-19 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de transformation d'alcools par des catalyseurs solides a base de cuivre et d'un element choisi parmi na, ca, ba et k |
CN107020102B (zh) * | 2017-04-26 | 2019-05-31 | 浙江大学 | 一种镍-铬酸镁催化剂及其制备方法以及在甘油制备乙醇中的应用 |
CN107011107A (zh) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-08-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | 一种采用负载型金属催化剂制备醇的方法 |
DK3727681T3 (da) | 2017-12-20 | 2022-02-14 | Basf Se | Katalysator og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af dimethylether |
CN111215081A (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-02 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种醛类加氢制醇类催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN114286812B (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2024-07-26 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | 氢化芳族硝基化合物的方法 |
WO2022184614A1 (de) | 2021-03-01 | 2022-09-09 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Verfahren zur hydrierung von aromatischen nitroverbindungen |
CN112979416A (zh) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-18 | 浙江建业化工股份有限公司 | 一种高选择性甲基异丁基醇的制备方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3894140A (en) * | 1973-05-09 | 1975-07-08 | Chemical Construction Corp | Stabilization of alumina catalyst supports |
US5561217A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1996-10-01 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of polyether glycols |
US20020183564A1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-05 | Hiroto Tanigawa | Process for producing an alicyclic unsaturated alcohol |
TW200403102A (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-03-01 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Fine-pored catalyst and process for hydrogenating aromatic compounds |
Family Cites Families (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2809220A (en) | 1954-05-11 | 1957-10-08 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Hydrogenation of oxo aldehydes in the presence of sulfactive catalysts and water |
US2795600A (en) * | 1954-06-25 | 1957-06-11 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Production of nitriles |
US3781406A (en) * | 1971-07-07 | 1973-12-25 | Monsanto Co | Process of treating auto exhaust with shrinkage resistant copper aluminaterare earth catalysts |
US4401834A (en) | 1982-06-01 | 1983-08-30 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Process for producing alcohols |
GB2142010B (en) | 1983-06-23 | 1987-04-29 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Improved process for production of aliphatic alcohols |
US4666879A (en) * | 1985-09-11 | 1987-05-19 | Harshaw/Filtrol Partnership | Extruded copper chromite-alumina hydrogenation catalyst |
US5059710A (en) | 1988-08-05 | 1991-10-22 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Technology Corporation | Ionic phosphites and their use in homogeneous transition metal catalyzed processes |
US5124295A (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-06-23 | Engelhard Corporation | Copper chromite catalyst and process for preparation said catalyst |
JP3802056B2 (ja) * | 1994-05-19 | 2006-07-26 | ビーエーエスエフ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | アルコールの製造法 |
US5962741A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1999-10-05 | Novartis Ag | Process for the production of aromatic halogen-amino compounds |
DE19842370A1 (de) * | 1998-09-16 | 2000-03-23 | Oxeno Oelfinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur selektiven Hydrierung von Hydroformylierungsgemischen |
DE19842369A1 (de) * | 1998-09-16 | 2000-03-23 | Oxeno Oelfinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Hydrierung von Hydroformylierungsgemischen |
DE19905838A1 (de) * | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-17 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Racemisierung von optisch aktiven Aminen |
DE19933348B4 (de) | 1999-07-16 | 2005-11-17 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Reduzierung oxidischer Hydrierkontakte |
US6255358B1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-07-03 | Energy International Corporation | Highly active Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using doped, thermally stable catalyst support |
DE10024542A1 (de) | 2000-05-18 | 2001-11-22 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gesättigten C3-C20-Alkoholen |
DE10062448A1 (de) * | 2000-12-14 | 2002-06-20 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Hydrierung von Hydroformylierungsgemischen |
GB0119327D0 (en) * | 2001-08-08 | 2001-10-03 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst |
DE10220799A1 (de) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-12-11 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von C13-Alkoholgemischen |
DE10225565A1 (de) * | 2002-06-10 | 2003-12-18 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Katalysator und Verfahren zur Hydrierung von aromatischen Verbindungen |
CN1871771B (zh) * | 2003-10-23 | 2011-07-13 | Nxp股份有限公司 | 一种开关及其设备 |
DE102004021128A1 (de) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-11-24 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren für die kontinuierliche Umsetzung einer Flüssigkeit mit einem Gas an einem festen Katalysator |
DE102004055189B4 (de) * | 2004-11-16 | 2007-02-08 | Süd-Chemie AG | Verfahren zur Hydrierung von Acetophenon |
DE102004059292A1 (de) * | 2004-12-09 | 2006-06-14 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkoholen aus Olefinen durch Hydroformylierung und Hydrierung |
DE102004063673A1 (de) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-07-13 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen katalytischen Hydrierung von hydrierbaren Verbindungen an festen, im Festbett angeordneten Katalysatoren mit einem wasserstoffhaltigen Gas |
DE102004063637A1 (de) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-07-13 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von alicyclischen Carbonsäuren oder deren Derivaten |
DE102005035816A1 (de) * | 2005-07-30 | 2007-02-01 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Hydrierung von Oxo-Aldehyden mit hohen Estergehalten |
US20090018366A1 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2009-01-15 | Monika Berweiler | Production and use of supported activated base metal catalysts for organic transformation |
DE102006040432A1 (de) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-20 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isoolefinen |
-
2007
- 2007-08-31 DE DE102007041380A patent/DE102007041380A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-07-07 ES ES08774833.1T patent/ES2476606T3/es active Active
- 2008-07-07 US US12/674,910 patent/US20110060169A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-07 KR KR1020107004442A patent/KR101518083B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-07-07 JP JP2010522280A patent/JP5564714B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-07 WO PCT/EP2008/058780 patent/WO2009027135A1/de active Application Filing
- 2008-07-07 EP EP08774833.1A patent/EP2180947B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-08-25 TW TW097132379A patent/TWI503170B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-08-29 AR ARP080103756A patent/AR068199A1/es unknown
- 2008-08-29 CN CN200810215488.4A patent/CN101376104B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3894140A (en) * | 1973-05-09 | 1975-07-08 | Chemical Construction Corp | Stabilization of alumina catalyst supports |
US5561217A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1996-10-01 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of polyether glycols |
US20020183564A1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-05 | Hiroto Tanigawa | Process for producing an alicyclic unsaturated alcohol |
TW200403102A (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-03-01 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Fine-pored catalyst and process for hydrogenating aromatic compounds |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2180947B1 (de) | 2014-04-23 |
TW200927284A (en) | 2009-07-01 |
EP2180947A1 (de) | 2010-05-05 |
WO2009027135A1 (de) | 2009-03-05 |
AR068199A1 (es) | 2009-11-11 |
CN101376104A (zh) | 2009-03-04 |
US20110060169A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
DE102007041380A1 (de) | 2009-03-05 |
JP2010536569A (ja) | 2010-12-02 |
JP5564714B2 (ja) | 2014-08-06 |
KR101518083B1 (ko) | 2015-05-06 |
CN101376104B (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
KR20100046234A (ko) | 2010-05-06 |
ES2476606T3 (es) | 2014-07-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI503170B (zh) | 氫化觸媒及藉由羰基化合物之氫化而製造醇類的方法 | |
TWI490036B (zh) | 具有高酯含量之合氧基醛類的氫化方法 | |
CN1165504C (zh) | 加氢甲酰化混合物的选择氢化方法 | |
KR920001303B1 (ko) | 개선된 알데하이드 수소화 방법 | |
RU2249587C2 (ru) | Способ получения высших оксоспиртов из смесей олефинов | |
KR100618929B1 (ko) | 2단계 하이드로포밀화에 의한 올레핀 혼합물로부터의 고급 옥소 알콜의 제조방법 | |
EP2994229B1 (en) | Process for the production of 1,3-butadiene | |
Kelly et al. | Waste elimination in condensation reactions of industrial importance | |
JP2016153389A (ja) | クロムを使用しないヒドロホルミル化混合物の水素化 | |
CA2364826A1 (en) | Process for the hydrogenation of hydroformylation mixtures | |
US5399793A (en) | Hydrogenation catalyst for oxo alcohol process | |
SA111330025B1 (ar) | محفز نحاس/ زنك معزز لهدرجة الألدهيدات إلى كحولات | |
CN106179373A (zh) | 一种用于癸烯醛液相加氢制异癸醇的催化剂及其制备方法 | |
EP3388410A1 (en) | Method for producing high-octane components from olefins from catalytic cracking | |
JP5187675B2 (ja) | 3価以上のアルコールからのヒドロキシケトン製造方法およびそれに用いる触媒 | |
MXPA99008459A (en) | Procedure for obtaining oxo-alcohol superior from olef mixtures |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |